xref: /netbsd-src/sys/lib/libsa/dosfs.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: dosfs.c,v 1.12 2007/11/24 13:20:55 isaki Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1996, 1998 Robert Nordier
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
14  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
15  *    distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
18  * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
19  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
21  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
23  * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
24  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
25  * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
26  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
27  * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
28  */
29 
30 /*
31  * Readonly filesystem for Microsoft FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 filesystems,
32  * also supports VFAT.
33  */
34 
35 /*
36  * XXX DOES NOT SUPPORT:
37  *
38  *	LIBSA_FS_SINGLECOMPONENT
39  */
40 
41 #include <sys/param.h>
42 
43 #include <fs/msdosfs/bpb.h>
44 #include <fs/msdosfs/direntry.h>
45 
46 #ifdef _STANDALONE
47 #include <lib/libkern/libkern.h>
48 #else
49 #include <string.h>
50 #include <stddef.h>
51 #endif
52 
53 #include "stand.h"
54 #include "dosfs.h"
55 
56 #define SECSIZ  512		/* sector size */
57 #define SSHIFT    9		/* SECSIZ shift */
58 #define DEPSEC   16		/* directory entries per sector */
59 #define DSHIFT    4		/* DEPSEC shift */
60 #define LOCLUS    2		/* lowest cluster number */
61 
62 typedef union {
63 	struct direntry de;	/* standard directory entry */
64 	struct winentry xde;	/* extended directory entry */
65 } DOS_DIR;
66 
67 typedef struct {
68 	struct open_file *fd;	/* file descriptor */
69 	u_char *buf;		/* buffer */
70 	u_int   bufsec;		/* buffered sector */
71 	u_int   links;		/* active links to structure */
72 	u_int   spc;		/* sectors per cluster */
73 	u_int   bsize;		/* cluster size in bytes */
74 	u_int   bshift;		/* cluster conversion shift */
75 	u_int   dirents;	/* root directory entries */
76 	u_int   spf;		/* sectors per fat */
77 	u_int   rdcl;		/* root directory start cluster */
78 	u_int   lsnfat;		/* start of fat */
79 	u_int   lsndir;		/* start of root dir */
80 	u_int   lsndta;		/* start of data area */
81 	u_int   fatsz;		/* FAT entry size */
82 	u_int   xclus;		/* maximum cluster number */
83 } DOS_FS;
84 
85 typedef struct {
86 	DOS_FS *fs;		/* associated filesystem */
87 	struct direntry de;	/* directory entry */
88 	u_int   offset;		/* current offset */
89 	u_int   c;		/* last cluster read */
90 } DOS_FILE;
91 
92 /* Initial portion of DOS boot sector */
93 typedef struct {
94 	u_char  jmp[3];		/* usually 80x86 'jmp' opcode */
95 	u_char  oem[8];		/* OEM name and version */
96 	struct byte_bpb710 bpb;	/* BPB */
97 } DOS_BS;
98 
99 /* Supply missing "." and ".." root directory entries */
100 static const char *const dotstr[2] = {".", ".."};
101 static const struct direntry dot[2] = {
102 	{".       ", "   ", ATTR_DIRECTORY,
103 		0, 0, {0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0},
104 		{0, 0}, {0x21, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}},
105 
106 	{"..      ", "   ", ATTR_DIRECTORY,
107 		0, 0, {0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0},
108 		{0, 0}, {0x21, 0}, {0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}}
109 };
110 
111 /* The usual conversion macros to avoid multiplication and division */
112 #define bytsec(n)      ((n) >> SSHIFT)
113 #define secbyt(s)      ((s) << SSHIFT)
114 #define entsec(e)      ((e) >> DSHIFT)
115 #define bytblk(fs, n)  ((n) >> (fs)->bshift)
116 #define blkbyt(fs, b)  ((b) << (fs)->bshift)
117 #define secblk(fs, s)  ((s) >> ((fs)->bshift - SSHIFT))
118 #define blksec(fs, b)  ((b) << ((fs)->bshift - SSHIFT))
119 
120 /* Convert cluster number to offset within filesystem */
121 #define blkoff(fs, b) (secbyt((fs)->lsndta) + blkbyt(fs, (b) - LOCLUS))
122 
123 /* Convert cluster number to logical sector number */
124 #define blklsn(fs, b)  ((fs)->lsndta + blksec(fs, (b) - LOCLUS))
125 
126 /* Convert cluster number to offset within FAT */
127 #define fatoff(sz, c)  ((sz) == 12 ? (c) + ((c) >> 1) :  \
128                         (sz) == 16 ? (c) << 1 :          \
129                         (c) << 2)
130 
131 /* Does cluster number reference a valid data cluster? */
132 #define okclus(fs, c)  ((c) >= LOCLUS && (c) <= (fs)->xclus)
133 
134 /* Get start cluster from directory entry */
135 #define stclus(sz, de)  ((sz) != 32 ? (u_int)getushort((de)->deStartCluster) : \
136                          ((u_int)getushort((de)->deHighClust) << 16) |  \
137                          (u_int)getushort((de)->deStartCluster))
138 
139 static int dosunmount(DOS_FS *);
140 static int parsebs(DOS_FS *, DOS_BS *);
141 static int namede(DOS_FS *, const char *, const struct direntry **);
142 static int lookup(DOS_FS *, u_int, const char *, const struct direntry **);
143 static void cp_xdnm(u_char *, struct winentry *);
144 static void cp_sfn(u_char *, struct direntry *);
145 static off_t fsize(DOS_FS *, struct direntry *);
146 static int fatcnt(DOS_FS *, u_int);
147 static int fatget(DOS_FS *, u_int *);
148 static int fatend(u_int, u_int);
149 static int ioread(DOS_FS *, u_int, void *, u_int);
150 static int iobuf(DOS_FS *, u_int);
151 static int ioget(struct open_file *, u_int, void *, u_int);
152 
153 /*
154  * Mount DOS filesystem
155  */
156 static int
157 dos_mount(DOS_FS *fs, struct open_file *fd)
158 {
159 	int     err;
160 
161 	bzero(fs, sizeof(DOS_FS));
162 	fs->fd = fd;
163 	if ((err = !(fs->buf = alloc(SECSIZ)) ? errno : 0) ||
164 	    (err = ioget(fs->fd, 0, fs->buf, 1)) ||
165 	    (err = parsebs(fs, (DOS_BS *)fs->buf))) {
166 		(void) dosunmount(fs);
167 		return err;
168 	}
169 	return 0;
170 }
171 
172 #ifndef LIBSA_NO_FS_CLOSE
173 /*
174  * Unmount mounted filesystem
175  */
176 static int
177 dos_unmount(DOS_FS *fs)
178 {
179 	int     err;
180 
181 	if (fs->links)
182 		return EBUSY;
183 	if ((err = dosunmount(fs)))
184 		return err;
185 	return 0;
186 }
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190  * Common code shared by dos_mount() and dos_unmount()
191  */
192 static int
193 dosunmount(DOS_FS *fs)
194 {
195 	if (fs->buf)
196 		dealloc(fs->buf, SECSIZ);
197 	dealloc(fs, sizeof(DOS_FS));
198 	return 0;
199 }
200 
201 /*
202  * Open DOS file
203  */
204 int
205 dosfs_open(const char *path, struct open_file *fd)
206 {
207 	const struct direntry *de;
208 	DOS_FILE *f;
209 	DOS_FS *fs;
210 	u_int   size, clus;
211 	int     err = 0;
212 
213 	/* Allocate mount structure, associate with open */
214 	fs = alloc(sizeof(DOS_FS));
215 
216 	if ((err = dos_mount(fs, fd)))
217 		goto out;
218 
219 	if ((err = namede(fs, path, &de)))
220 		goto out;
221 
222 	clus = stclus(fs->fatsz, de);
223 	size = getulong(de->deFileSize);
224 
225 	if ((!(de->deAttributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY) && (!clus != !size)) ||
226 	    ((de->deAttributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY) && size) ||
227 	    (clus && !okclus(fs, clus))) {
228 		err = EINVAL;
229 		goto out;
230 	}
231 
232 	f = alloc(sizeof(DOS_FILE));
233 #ifdef BOOTXX
234 	/* due to __internal_memset_ causing all sorts of register spillage
235 	   (and being completely unoptimized for zeroing small amounts of
236 	   memory), if we hand-initialize the remaining members of f to zero,
237 	   the code size drops 68 bytes. This makes no sense, admittedly. */
238 	f->offset = 0;
239 	f->c = 0;
240 #else
241 	bzero(f, sizeof(DOS_FILE));
242 #endif
243 	f->fs = fs;
244 	fs->links++;
245 	f->de = *de;
246 	fd->f_fsdata = (void *)f;
247 
248 out:
249 	return err;
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * Read from file
254  */
255 int
256 dosfs_read(struct open_file *fd, void *vbuf, size_t nbyte, size_t *resid)
257 {
258 	off_t   size;
259 	u_int8_t *buf = vbuf;
260 	u_int   nb, off, clus, c, cnt, n;
261 	DOS_FILE *f = (DOS_FILE *)fd->f_fsdata;
262 	int     err = 0;
263 
264 	nb = (u_int) nbyte;
265 	if ((size = fsize(f->fs, &f->de)) == -1)
266 		return EINVAL;
267 	if (nb > (n = size - f->offset))
268 		nb = n;
269 	off = f->offset;
270 	if ((clus = stclus(f->fs->fatsz, &f->de)))
271 		off &= f->fs->bsize - 1;
272 	c = f->c;
273 	cnt = nb;
274 	while (cnt) {
275 		n = 0;
276 		if (!c) {
277 			if ((c = clus))
278 				n = bytblk(f->fs, f->offset);
279 		} else if (!off) {
280 			n++;
281 		}
282 		while (n--) {
283 			if ((err = fatget(f->fs, &c)))
284 				goto out;
285 			if (!okclus(f->fs, c)) {
286 				err = EINVAL;
287 				goto out;
288 			}
289 		}
290 		if (!clus || (n = f->fs->bsize - off) > cnt)
291 			n = cnt;
292 		if ((err = ioread(f->fs, (c ? blkoff(f->fs, c) :
293 				secbyt(f->fs->lsndir)) + off,
294 			    buf, n)))
295 			goto out;
296 		f->offset += n;
297 		f->c = c;
298 		off = 0;
299 		buf += n;
300 		cnt -= n;
301 	}
302 out:
303 	if (resid)
304 		*resid = nbyte - nb + cnt;
305 	return err;
306 }
307 
308 #ifndef LIBSA_NO_FS_WRITE
309 /*
310  * Not implemented.
311  */
312 int
313 dosfs_write(struct open_file *fd, void *start, size_t size, size_t *resid)
314 {
315 
316 	return EROFS;
317 }
318 #endif /* !LIBSA_NO_FS_WRITE */
319 
320 #ifndef LIBSA_NO_FS_SEEK
321 /*
322  * Reposition within file
323  */
324 off_t
325 dosfs_seek(struct open_file *fd, off_t offset, int whence)
326 {
327 	off_t   off;
328 	u_int   size;
329 	DOS_FILE *f = (DOS_FILE *)fd->f_fsdata;
330 
331 	size = getulong(f->de.deFileSize);
332 	switch (whence) {
333 	case SEEK_SET:
334 		off = 0;
335 		break;
336 	case SEEK_CUR:
337 		off = f->offset;
338 		break;
339 	case SEEK_END:
340 		off = size;
341 		break;
342 	default:
343 		return -1;
344 	}
345 	off += offset;
346 	if (off < 0 || off > size)
347 		return -1;
348 	f->offset = (u_int) off;
349 	f->c = 0;
350 	return off;
351 }
352 #endif /* !LIBSA_NO_FS_SEEK */
353 
354 #ifndef LIBSA_NO_FS_CLOSE
355 /*
356  * Close open file
357  */
358 int
359 dosfs_close(struct open_file *fd)
360 {
361 	DOS_FILE *f = (DOS_FILE *)fd->f_fsdata;
362 	DOS_FS *fs = f->fs;
363 
364 	f->fs->links--;
365 	dealloc(f, sizeof(DOS_FILE));
366 	dos_unmount(fs);
367 	return 0;
368 }
369 #endif /* !LIBSA_NO_FS_CLOSE */
370 
371 /*
372  * Return some stat information on a file.
373  */
374 int
375 dosfs_stat(struct open_file *fd, struct stat *sb)
376 {
377 	DOS_FILE *f = (DOS_FILE *)fd->f_fsdata;
378 
379 	/* only important stuff */
380 	sb->st_mode = (f->de.deAttributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY) ?
381 	    (S_IFDIR | 0555) : (S_IFREG | 0444);
382 	sb->st_nlink = 1;
383 	sb->st_uid = 0;
384 	sb->st_gid = 0;
385 	if ((sb->st_size = fsize(f->fs, &f->de)) == -1)
386 		return EINVAL;
387 	return 0;
388 }
389 
390 /*
391  * Parse DOS boot sector
392  */
393 static int
394 parsebs(DOS_FS *fs, DOS_BS *bs)
395 {
396 	u_int   sc;
397 
398 	if ((bs->jmp[0] != 0x69 &&
399 		bs->jmp[0] != 0xe9 &&
400 		(bs->jmp[0] != 0xeb || bs->jmp[2] != 0x90)) ||
401 	    bs->bpb.bpbMedia < 0xf0)
402 		return EINVAL;
403 	if (getushort(bs->bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) != SECSIZ)
404 		return EINVAL;
405 	if (!(fs->spc = bs->bpb.bpbSecPerClust) || fs->spc & (fs->spc - 1))
406 		return EINVAL;
407 	fs->bsize = secbyt(fs->spc);
408 	fs->bshift = ffs(fs->bsize) - 1;
409 	if ((fs->spf = getushort(bs->bpb.bpbFATsecs))) {
410 		if (bs->bpb.bpbFATs != 2)
411 			return EINVAL;
412 		if (!(fs->dirents = getushort(bs->bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)))
413 			return EINVAL;
414 	} else {
415 		if (!(fs->spf = getulong(bs->bpb.bpbBigFATsecs)))
416 			return EINVAL;
417 		if (!bs->bpb.bpbFATs || bs->bpb.bpbFATs > 16)
418 			return EINVAL;
419 		if ((fs->rdcl = getulong(bs->bpb.bpbRootClust)) < LOCLUS)
420 			return EINVAL;
421 	}
422 	if (!(fs->lsnfat = getushort(bs->bpb.bpbResSectors)))
423 		return EINVAL;
424 	fs->lsndir = fs->lsnfat + fs->spf * bs->bpb.bpbFATs;
425 	fs->lsndta = fs->lsndir + entsec(fs->dirents);
426 	if (!(sc = getushort(bs->bpb.bpbSectors)) &&
427 	    !(sc = getulong(bs->bpb.bpbHugeSectors)))
428 		return EINVAL;
429 	if (fs->lsndta > sc)
430 		return EINVAL;
431 	if ((fs->xclus = secblk(fs, sc - fs->lsndta) + 1) < LOCLUS)
432 		return EINVAL;
433 	fs->fatsz = fs->dirents ? fs->xclus < 0xff6 ? 12 : 16 : 32;
434 	sc = (secbyt(fs->spf) << 1) / (fs->fatsz >> 2) - 1;
435 	if (fs->xclus > sc)
436 		fs->xclus = sc;
437 	return 0;
438 }
439 
440 /*
441  * Return directory entry from path
442  */
443 static int
444 namede(DOS_FS *fs, const char *path, const struct direntry **dep)
445 {
446 	char    name[256];
447 	const struct direntry *de;
448 	char   *s;
449 	size_t  n;
450 	int     err;
451 
452 	err = 0;
453 	de = dot;
454 	if (*path == '/')
455 		path++;
456 	while (*path) {
457 		if (!(s = strchr(path, '/')))
458 			s = strchr(path, 0);
459 		if ((n = s - path) > 255)
460 			return ENAMETOOLONG;
461 		memcpy(name, path, n);
462 		name[n] = 0;
463 		path = s;
464 		if (!(de->deAttributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY))
465 			return ENOTDIR;
466 		if ((err = lookup(fs, stclus(fs->fatsz, de), name, &de)))
467 			return err;
468 		if (*path == '/')
469 			path++;
470 	}
471 	*dep = de;
472 	return 0;
473 }
474 
475 /*
476  * Lookup path segment
477  */
478 static int
479 lookup(DOS_FS *fs, u_int clus, const char *name, const struct direntry **dep)
480 {
481 	static DOS_DIR *dir = NULL;
482 	u_char  lfn[261];
483 	u_char  sfn[13];
484 	u_int   nsec, lsec, xdn, chk, sec, ent, x;
485 	int     err = 0, ok, i;
486 
487 	if (!clus)
488 		for (ent = 0; ent < 2; ent++)
489 			if (!strcasecmp(name, dotstr[ent])) {
490 				*dep = dot + ent;
491 				return 0;
492 			}
493 
494 	if (dir == NULL) {
495 		dir = alloc(sizeof(DOS_DIR) * DEPSEC);
496 		if (dir == NULL)
497 			return ENOMEM;
498 	}
499 
500 	if (!clus && fs->fatsz == 32)
501 		clus = fs->rdcl;
502 	nsec = !clus ? entsec(fs->dirents) : fs->spc;
503 	lsec = 0;
504 	xdn = chk = 0;
505 	for (;;) {
506 		if (!clus && !lsec)
507 			lsec = fs->lsndir;
508 		else if (okclus(fs, clus))
509 			lsec = blklsn(fs, clus);
510 		else {
511 			err = EINVAL;
512 			goto out;
513 		}
514 		for (sec = 0; sec < nsec; sec++) {
515 			if ((err = ioget(fs->fd, lsec + sec, dir, 1)))
516 				goto out;
517 			for (ent = 0; ent < DEPSEC; ent++) {
518 				if (!*dir[ent].de.deName) {
519 					err = ENOENT;
520 					goto out;
521 				}
522 				if (*dir[ent].de.deName != 0xe5) {
523 					if (dir[ent].de.deAttributes ==
524 					    ATTR_WIN95) {
525 						x = dir[ent].xde.weCnt;
526 						if (x & WIN_LAST ||
527 						    (x + 1 == xdn &&
528 						     dir[ent].xde.weChksum ==
529 						     chk)) {
530 							if (x & WIN_LAST) {
531 								chk = dir[ent].xde.weChksum;
532 								x &= WIN_CNT;
533 							}
534 							if (x >= 1 && x <= 20) {
535 								cp_xdnm(lfn, &dir[ent].xde);
536 								xdn = x;
537 								continue;
538 							}
539 						}
540 					} else if (!(dir[ent].de.deAttributes &
541 						     ATTR_VOLUME)) {
542 						if ((ok = xdn == 1)) {
543 							for (x = 0, i = 0;
544 							     i < 11; i++)
545 								x = ((((x & 1) << 7) | (x >> 1)) +
546 								    dir[ent].de.deName[i]) & 0xff;
547 							ok = chk == x &&
548 							    !strcasecmp(name, (const char *)lfn);
549 						}
550 						if (!ok) {
551 							cp_sfn(sfn, &dir[ent].de);
552 							ok = !strcasecmp(name, (const char *)sfn);
553 						}
554 						if (ok) {
555 							*dep = &dir[ent].de;
556 							goto out2;
557 						}
558 					}
559 				}
560 				xdn = 0;
561 			}
562 		}
563 		if (!clus)
564 			break;
565 		if ((err = fatget(fs, &clus)))
566 			goto out;
567 		if (fatend(fs->fatsz, clus))
568 			break;
569 	}
570 	err = ENOENT;
571  out:
572 	dealloc(dir, sizeof(DOS_DIR) * DEPSEC);
573 	dir = NULL;
574  out2:
575 	return err;
576 }
577 
578 /*
579  * Copy name from extended directory entry
580  */
581 static void
582 cp_xdnm(u_char *lfn, struct winentry *xde)
583 {
584 	static const struct {
585 		u_int   off;
586 		u_int   dim;
587 	} ix[3] = {
588 		{ offsetof(struct winentry, wePart1),
589 		    sizeof(xde->wePart1) / 2 },
590 		{ offsetof(struct winentry, wePart2),
591 		    sizeof(xde->wePart2) / 2 },
592 		{ offsetof(struct winentry, wePart3),
593 		    sizeof(xde->wePart3) / 2 }
594 	};
595 	u_char *p;
596 	u_int   n, x, c;
597 
598 	lfn += 13 * ((xde->weCnt & WIN_CNT) - 1);
599 	for (n = 0; n < 3; n++)
600 		for (p = (u_char *)xde + ix[n].off, x = ix[n].dim; x;
601 		    p += 2, x--) {
602 			if ((c = getushort(p)) && (c < 32 || c > 127))
603 				c = '?';
604 			if (!(*lfn++ = c))
605 				return;
606 		}
607 	if (xde->weCnt & WIN_LAST)
608 		*lfn = 0;
609 }
610 
611 /*
612  * Copy short filename
613  */
614 static void
615 cp_sfn(u_char *sfn, struct direntry *de)
616 {
617 	u_char *p;
618 	int     j, i;
619 
620 	p = sfn;
621 	if (*de->deName != ' ') {
622 		for (j = 7; de->deName[j] == ' '; j--);
623 		for (i = 0; i <= j; i++)
624 			*p++ = de->deName[i];
625 		if (*de->deExtension != ' ') {
626 			*p++ = '.';
627 			for (j = 2; de->deExtension[j] == ' '; j--);
628 			for (i = 0; i <= j; i++)
629 				*p++ = de->deExtension[i];
630 		}
631 	}
632 	*p = 0;
633 	if (*sfn == 5)
634 		*sfn = 0xe5;
635 }
636 
637 /*
638  * Return size of file in bytes
639  */
640 static  off_t
641 fsize(DOS_FS *fs, struct direntry *de)
642 {
643 	u_long  size;
644 	u_int   c;
645 	int     n;
646 
647 	if (!(size = getulong(de->deFileSize)) &&
648 	    de->deAttributes & ATTR_DIRECTORY) {
649 		if (!(c = getushort(de->deStartCluster))) {
650 			size = fs->dirents * sizeof(struct direntry);
651 		} else {
652 			if ((n = fatcnt(fs, c)) == -1)
653 				return n;
654 			size = blkbyt(fs, n);
655 		}
656 	}
657 	return size;
658 }
659 
660 /*
661  * Count number of clusters in chain
662  */
663 static int
664 fatcnt(DOS_FS *fs, u_int c)
665 {
666 	int     n;
667 
668 	for (n = 0; okclus(fs, c); n++)
669 		if (fatget(fs, &c))
670 			return -1;
671 	return fatend(fs->fatsz, c) ? n : -1;
672 }
673 
674 /*
675  * Get next cluster in cluster chain
676  */
677 static int
678 fatget(DOS_FS *fs, u_int *c)
679 {
680 	u_char  buf[4];
681 	u_int   x;
682 	int     err;
683 
684 	err = ioread(fs, secbyt(fs->lsnfat) + fatoff(fs->fatsz, *c), buf,
685 	    fs->fatsz != 32 ? 2 : 4);
686 	if (err)
687 		return err;
688 	x = fs->fatsz != 32 ? getushort(buf) : getulong(buf);
689 	*c = fs->fatsz == 12 ? *c & 1 ? x >> 4 : x & 0xfff : x;
690 	return 0;
691 }
692 
693 /*
694  * Is cluster an end-of-chain marker?
695  */
696 static int
697 fatend(u_int sz, u_int c)
698 {
699 	return c > (sz == 12 ? 0xff7U : sz == 16 ? 0xfff7U : 0xffffff7);
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * Offset-based I/O primitive
704  */
705 static int
706 ioread(DOS_FS *fs, u_int offset, void *buf, u_int nbyte)
707 {
708 	char   *s;
709 	u_int   off, n;
710 	int     err;
711 
712 	s = buf;
713 	if ((off = offset & (SECSIZ - 1))) {
714 		offset -= off;
715 		if ((err = iobuf(fs, bytsec(offset))))
716 			return err;
717 		offset += SECSIZ;
718 		if ((n = SECSIZ - off) > nbyte)
719 			n = nbyte;
720 		memcpy(s, fs->buf + off, n);
721 		s += n;
722 		nbyte -= n;
723 	}
724 	n = nbyte & (SECSIZ - 1);
725 	if (nbyte -= n) {
726 		if ((err = ioget(fs->fd, bytsec(offset), s, bytsec(nbyte))))
727 			return err;
728 		offset += nbyte;
729 		s += nbyte;
730 	}
731 	if (n) {
732 		if ((err = iobuf(fs, bytsec(offset))))
733 			return err;
734 		memcpy(s, fs->buf, n);
735 	}
736 	return 0;
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  * Buffered sector-based I/O primitive
741  */
742 static int
743 iobuf(DOS_FS *fs, u_int lsec)
744 {
745 	int     err;
746 
747 	if (fs->bufsec != lsec) {
748 		if ((err = ioget(fs->fd, lsec, fs->buf, 1)))
749 			return err;
750 		fs->bufsec = lsec;
751 	}
752 	return 0;
753 }
754 
755 /*
756  * Sector-based I/O primitive
757  */
758 static int
759 ioget(struct open_file *fd, u_int lsec, void *buf, u_int nsec)
760 {
761 	size_t rsize;
762 	int err;
763 
764 #ifndef LIBSA_NO_TWIDDLE
765 	twiddle();
766 #endif
767 	err = DEV_STRATEGY(fd->f_dev)(fd->f_devdata, F_READ, lsec,
768 	    secbyt(nsec), buf, &rsize);
769 	return err;
770 }
771