1 /* $NetBSD: subr_prf.c,v 1.44 1997/09/19 13:56:41 leo Exp $ */ 2 3 /*- 4 * Copyright (c) 1986, 1988, 1991, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 7 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed 8 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph 9 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with 10 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 11 * 12 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 13 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 14 * are met: 15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 17 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 19 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 20 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 21 * must display the following acknowledgement: 22 * This product includes software developed by the University of 23 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 24 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 25 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 26 * without specific prior written permission. 27 * 28 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 29 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 30 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 31 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 32 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 33 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 34 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 35 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 36 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 37 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 38 * SUCH DAMAGE. 39 * 40 * @(#)subr_prf.c 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/21/94 41 */ 42 43 #include <sys/param.h> 44 #include <sys/systm.h> 45 #include <sys/buf.h> 46 #include <sys/conf.h> 47 #include <sys/reboot.h> 48 #include <sys/msgbuf.h> 49 #include <sys/proc.h> 50 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 51 #include <sys/vnode.h> 52 #include <sys/file.h> 53 #include <sys/tty.h> 54 #include <sys/tprintf.h> 55 #include <sys/syslog.h> 56 #include <sys/malloc.h> 57 58 #include <dev/cons.h> 59 60 /* 61 * Note that stdarg.h and the ANSI style va_start macro is used for both 62 * ANSI and traditional C compilers. 63 * XXX: This requires that stdarg.h defines: va_alist, va_dcl 64 */ 65 #include <machine/stdarg.h> 66 67 #include "ipkdb.h" 68 69 #ifdef KADB 70 #include <machine/kdbparam.h> 71 #endif 72 #ifdef KGDB 73 #include <sys/kgdb.h> 74 #include <machine/cpu.h> 75 #endif 76 77 #define TOCONS 0x01 78 #define TOTTY 0x02 79 #define TOLOG 0x04 80 81 /* 82 * This is the size of the buffer that should be passed to ksnprintn(). 83 * It's the length of a long in base 8, plus NULL. 84 */ 85 #define KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE (sizeof(quad_t) * NBBY / 3 + 2) 86 87 struct tty *constty; /* pointer to console "window" tty */ 88 89 void (*v_putc) __P((int)) = cnputc; /* routine to putc on virtual console */ 90 91 static void putchar __P((int, int, struct tty *)); 92 static char *ksnprintn __P((u_quad_t, int, int *, char *, size_t)); 93 void kprintf __P((const char *, int, struct tty *, va_list)); 94 95 int consintr = 1; /* Ok to handle console interrupts? */ 96 97 /* 98 * Variable panicstr contains argument to first call to panic; used as flag 99 * to indicate that the kernel has already called panic. 100 */ 101 const char *panicstr; 102 103 /* 104 * Panic is called on unresolvable fatal errors. It prints "panic: mesg", 105 * and then reboots. If we are called twice, then we avoid trying to sync 106 * the disks as this often leads to recursive panics. 107 */ 108 void 109 #ifdef __STDC__ 110 panic(const char *fmt, ...) 111 #else 112 panic(fmt, va_alist) 113 char *fmt; 114 va_dcl 115 #endif 116 { 117 int bootopt; 118 va_list ap; 119 120 bootopt = RB_AUTOBOOT | RB_DUMP; 121 if (panicstr) 122 bootopt |= RB_NOSYNC; 123 else 124 panicstr = fmt; 125 126 va_start(ap, fmt); 127 #ifdef __powerpc__ /* XXX */ 128 printf("panic: "); /* XXX */ 129 vprintf(fmt, ap); /* XXX */ 130 printf("\n"); /* XXX */ 131 #else /* XXX */ 132 printf("panic: %:\n", fmt, ap); /* XXX */ 133 #endif /* XXX */ 134 va_end(ap); 135 136 #if NIPKDB > 0 137 ipkdb_panic(); 138 #endif 139 #ifdef KGDB 140 kgdb_panic(); 141 #endif 142 #ifdef KADB 143 if (boothowto & RB_KDB) 144 kdbpanic(); 145 #endif 146 #ifdef DDB 147 if (db_onpanic) 148 Debugger(); 149 #endif 150 cpu_reboot(bootopt, NULL); 151 } 152 153 /* 154 * Warn that a system table is full. 155 */ 156 void 157 tablefull(tab) 158 const char *tab; 159 { 160 161 log(LOG_ERR, "%s: table is full\n", tab); 162 } 163 164 /* 165 * Uprintf prints to the controlling terminal for the current process. 166 * It may block if the tty queue is overfull. No message is printed if 167 * the queue does not clear in a reasonable time. 168 */ 169 void 170 #ifdef __STDC__ 171 uprintf(const char *fmt, ...) 172 #else 173 uprintf(fmt, va_alist) 174 char *fmt; 175 va_dcl 176 #endif 177 { 178 register struct proc *p = curproc; 179 va_list ap; 180 181 if (p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) { 182 va_start(ap, fmt); 183 kprintf(fmt, TOTTY, p->p_session->s_ttyp, ap); 184 va_end(ap); 185 } 186 } 187 188 tpr_t 189 tprintf_open(p) 190 register struct proc *p; 191 { 192 193 if (p->p_flag & P_CONTROLT && p->p_session->s_ttyvp) { 194 SESSHOLD(p->p_session); 195 return ((tpr_t) p->p_session); 196 } 197 return ((tpr_t) NULL); 198 } 199 200 void 201 tprintf_close(sess) 202 tpr_t sess; 203 { 204 205 if (sess) 206 SESSRELE((struct session *) sess); 207 } 208 209 /* 210 * tprintf prints on the controlling terminal associated 211 * with the given session. 212 */ 213 void 214 #ifdef __STDC__ 215 tprintf(tpr_t tpr, const char *fmt, ...) 216 #else 217 tprintf(tpr, fmt, va_alist) 218 tpr_t tpr; 219 char *fmt; 220 va_dcl 221 #endif 222 { 223 register struct session *sess = (struct session *)tpr; 224 struct tty *tp = NULL; 225 int flags = TOLOG; 226 va_list ap; 227 228 logpri(LOG_INFO); 229 if (sess && sess->s_ttyvp && ttycheckoutq(sess->s_ttyp, 0)) { 230 flags |= TOTTY; 231 tp = sess->s_ttyp; 232 } 233 va_start(ap, fmt); 234 kprintf(fmt, flags, tp, ap); 235 va_end(ap); 236 logwakeup(); 237 } 238 239 /* 240 * Ttyprintf displays a message on a tty; it should be used only by 241 * the tty driver, or anything that knows the underlying tty will not 242 * be revoke(2)'d away. Other callers should use tprintf. 243 */ 244 void 245 #ifdef __STDC__ 246 ttyprintf(struct tty *tp, const char *fmt, ...) 247 #else 248 ttyprintf(tp, fmt, va_alist) 249 struct tty *tp; 250 char *fmt; 251 va_dcl 252 #endif 253 { 254 va_list ap; 255 256 va_start(ap, fmt); 257 kprintf(fmt, TOTTY, tp, ap); 258 va_end(ap); 259 } 260 261 extern int log_open; 262 263 /* 264 * Log writes to the log buffer, and guarantees not to sleep (so can be 265 * called by interrupt routines). If there is no process reading the 266 * log yet, it writes to the console also. 267 */ 268 void 269 #ifdef __STDC__ 270 log(int level, const char *fmt, ...) 271 #else 272 log(level, fmt, va_alist) 273 int level; 274 char *fmt; 275 va_dcl 276 #endif 277 { 278 register int s; 279 va_list ap; 280 281 s = splhigh(); 282 logpri(level); 283 va_start(ap, fmt); 284 kprintf(fmt, TOLOG, NULL, ap); 285 splx(s); 286 va_end(ap); 287 if (!log_open) { 288 va_start(ap, fmt); 289 kprintf(fmt, TOCONS, NULL, ap); 290 va_end(ap); 291 } 292 logwakeup(); 293 } 294 295 void 296 logpri(level) 297 int level; 298 { 299 register int ch; 300 register char *p; 301 char snbuf[KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE]; 302 303 putchar('<', TOLOG, NULL); 304 for (p = ksnprintn((u_long)level, 10, NULL, snbuf, sizeof(snbuf)); 305 (ch = *p--) != 0;) 306 putchar(ch, TOLOG, NULL); 307 putchar('>', TOLOG, NULL); 308 } 309 310 void 311 #ifdef __STDC__ 312 addlog(const char *fmt, ...) 313 #else 314 addlog(fmt, va_alist) 315 char *fmt; 316 va_dcl 317 #endif 318 { 319 register int s; 320 va_list ap; 321 322 s = splhigh(); 323 va_start(ap, fmt); 324 kprintf(fmt, TOLOG, NULL, ap); 325 splx(s); 326 va_end(ap); 327 if (!log_open) { 328 va_start(ap, fmt); 329 kprintf(fmt, TOCONS, NULL, ap); 330 va_end(ap); 331 } 332 logwakeup(); 333 } 334 335 void 336 #ifdef __STDC__ 337 printf(const char *fmt, ...) 338 #else 339 printf(fmt, va_alist) 340 char *fmt; 341 va_dcl 342 #endif 343 { 344 va_list ap; 345 register int savintr; 346 347 savintr = consintr; /* disable interrupts */ 348 consintr = 0; 349 va_start(ap, fmt); 350 kprintf(fmt, TOCONS | TOLOG, NULL, ap); 351 va_end(ap); 352 if (!panicstr) 353 logwakeup(); 354 consintr = savintr; /* reenable interrupts */ 355 } 356 357 #ifdef __powerpc__ /* XXX XXX XXX */ 358 void 359 vprintf(fmt, ap) 360 const char *fmt; 361 va_list ap; 362 { 363 register int savintr; 364 365 savintr = consintr; /* disable interrupts */ 366 consintr = 0; 367 kprintf(fmt, TOCONS | TOLOG, NULL, ap); 368 if (!panicstr) 369 logwakeup(); 370 consintr = savintr; /* reenable interrupts */ 371 } 372 #endif /* __powerpc__ */ /* XXX XXX XXX */ 373 374 /* 375 * Scaled down version of printf(3). 376 * 377 * Two additional formats: 378 * 379 * The format %b is supported to decode error registers. 380 * Its usage is: 381 * 382 * printf("reg=%b\n", regval, "<base><arg>*"); 383 * 384 * where <base> is the output base expressed as a control character, e.g. 385 * \10 gives octal; \20 gives hex. Each arg is a sequence of characters, 386 * the first of which gives the bit number to be inspected (origin 1), and 387 * the next characters (up to a control character, i.e. a character <= 32), 388 * give the name of the register. Thus: 389 * 390 * kprintf("reg=%b\n", 3, "\10\2BITTWO\1BITONE\n"); 391 * 392 * would produce output: 393 * 394 * reg=3<BITTWO,BITONE> 395 * 396 * The format %: passes an additional format string and argument list 397 * recursively. Its usage is: 398 * 399 * fn(char *fmt, ...) 400 * { 401 * va_list ap; 402 * va_start(ap, fmt); 403 * printf("prefix: %: suffix\n", fmt, ap); 404 * va_end(ap); 405 * } 406 * 407 * Space or zero padding and a field width are supported for the numeric 408 * formats only. 409 */ 410 #define LONGINT 0x010 /* long integer */ 411 #define QUADINT 0x020 /* quad integer */ 412 #define SARG() \ 413 (flags&QUADINT ? va_arg(ap, quad_t) : \ 414 flags&LONGINT ? va_arg(ap, long) : \ 415 (long)va_arg(ap, int)) 416 #define UARG() \ 417 (flags&QUADINT ? va_arg(ap, u_quad_t) : \ 418 flags&LONGINT ? va_arg(ap, u_long) : \ 419 (u_long)va_arg(ap, u_int)) 420 void 421 kprintf(fmt, oflags, tp, ap) 422 register const char *fmt; 423 int oflags; 424 struct tty *tp; 425 va_list ap; 426 { 427 register char *p, *q; 428 register int ch, n; 429 u_quad_t ul; 430 int base, flags, tmp, width; 431 char padc, snbuf[KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE]; 432 433 for (;;) { 434 padc = ' '; 435 width = 0; 436 while ((ch = *(const u_char *)fmt++) != '%') { 437 if (ch == '\0') 438 return; 439 putchar(ch, oflags, tp); 440 } 441 flags = 0; 442 reswitch: switch (ch = *(const u_char *)fmt++) { 443 case '\0': 444 /* XXX Print the last format character? */ 445 return; 446 case '0': 447 case '.': 448 padc = '0'; 449 goto reswitch; 450 case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': 451 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': 452 for (width = 0;; ++fmt) { 453 width = width * 10 + ch - '0'; 454 ch = *fmt; 455 if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') 456 break; 457 } 458 goto reswitch; 459 case 'l': 460 flags |= LONGINT; 461 goto reswitch; 462 case 'q': 463 flags |= QUADINT; 464 goto reswitch; 465 case 'b': 466 ul = va_arg(ap, int); 467 p = va_arg(ap, char *); 468 for (q = ksnprintn(ul, *p++, NULL, snbuf, 469 sizeof(snbuf)); (ch = *q--) != 0;) 470 putchar(ch, oflags, tp); 471 472 if (!ul) 473 break; 474 475 for (tmp = 0; (n = *p++) != 0;) { 476 if (ul & (1 << (n - 1))) { 477 putchar(tmp ? ',' : '<', oflags, tp); 478 for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p) 479 putchar(n, oflags, tp); 480 tmp = 1; 481 } else 482 for (; *p > ' '; ++p) 483 continue; 484 } 485 if (tmp) 486 putchar('>', oflags, tp); 487 break; 488 case 'c': 489 putchar(va_arg(ap, int), oflags, tp); 490 break; 491 #ifndef __powerpc__ /* XXX XXX XXX */ 492 case ':': 493 p = va_arg(ap, char *); 494 kprintf(p, oflags, tp, va_arg(ap, va_list)); 495 break; 496 #endif /* __powerpc__ */ /* XXX XXX XXX */ 497 case 's': 498 if ((p = va_arg(ap, char *)) == NULL) 499 p = "(null)"; 500 while ((ch = *p++) != 0) 501 putchar(ch, oflags, tp); 502 break; 503 case 'd': 504 ul = SARG(); 505 if ((quad_t)ul < 0) { 506 putchar('-', oflags, tp); 507 ul = -ul; 508 } 509 base = 10; 510 goto number; 511 case 'o': 512 ul = UARG(); 513 base = 8; 514 goto number; 515 case 'u': 516 ul = UARG(); 517 base = 10; 518 goto number; 519 case 'p': 520 putchar('0', oflags, tp); 521 putchar('x', oflags, tp); 522 ul = (u_long)va_arg(ap, void *); 523 base = 16; 524 goto number; 525 case 'x': 526 ul = UARG(); 527 base = 16; 528 number: p = ksnprintn(ul, base, &tmp, snbuf, sizeof(snbuf)); 529 if (width && (width -= tmp) > 0) 530 while (width--) 531 putchar(padc, oflags, tp); 532 while ((ch = *p--) != 0) 533 putchar(ch, oflags, tp); 534 break; 535 default: 536 putchar('%', oflags, tp); 537 /* flags??? */ 538 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 539 case '%': 540 putchar(ch, oflags, tp); 541 } 542 } 543 } 544 545 /* 546 * Print a character on console or users terminal. If destination is 547 * the console then the last MSGBUFS characters are saved in msgbuf for 548 * inspection later. 549 */ 550 static void 551 putchar(c, flags, tp) 552 register int c; 553 int flags; 554 struct tty *tp; 555 { 556 register struct kern_msgbuf *mbp; 557 558 if (panicstr) 559 constty = NULL; 560 if ((flags & TOCONS) && tp == NULL && constty) { 561 tp = constty; 562 flags |= TOTTY; 563 } 564 if ((flags & TOTTY) && tp && tputchar(c, tp) < 0 && 565 (flags & TOCONS) && tp == constty) 566 constty = NULL; 567 if ((flags & TOLOG) && 568 c != '\0' && c != '\r' && c != 0177 && msgbufenabled) { 569 mbp = msgbufp; 570 if (mbp->msg_magic != MSG_MAGIC) { 571 /* 572 * Arguably should panic or somehow notify the 573 * user... but how? Panic may be too drastic, 574 * and would obliterate the message being kicked 575 * out (maybe a panic itself), and printf 576 * would invoke us recursively. Silently punt 577 * for now. If syslog is running, it should 578 * notice. 579 */ 580 msgbufenabled = 0; 581 } else { 582 mbp->msg_bufc[mbp->msg_bufx++] = c; 583 if (mbp->msg_bufx < 0 || mbp->msg_bufx >= mbp->msg_bufs) 584 mbp->msg_bufx = 0; 585 } 586 } 587 if ((flags & TOCONS) && constty == NULL && c != '\0') 588 (*v_putc)(c); 589 } 590 591 /* 592 * Scaled down version of sprintf(3). 593 */ 594 int 595 #ifdef __STDC__ 596 sprintf(char *buf, const char *cfmt, ...) 597 #else 598 sprintf(buf, cfmt, va_alist) 599 char *buf; 600 const char *cfmt; 601 va_dcl 602 #endif 603 { 604 register const char *fmt = cfmt; 605 register char *p, *bp; 606 register int ch, base; 607 u_quad_t ul; 608 int flags, tmp, width; 609 va_list ap; 610 char padc, snbuf[KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE]; 611 612 va_start(ap, cfmt); 613 for (bp = buf; ; ) { 614 padc = ' '; 615 width = 0; 616 while ((ch = *(const u_char *)fmt++) != '%') 617 if ((*bp++ = ch) == '\0') 618 return ((bp - buf) - 1); 619 620 flags = 0; 621 reswitch: switch (ch = *(const u_char *)fmt++) { 622 case '\0': 623 /* XXX Store the last format character? */ 624 *bp++ = '\0'; 625 return ((bp - buf) - 1); 626 case '0': 627 padc = '0'; 628 goto reswitch; 629 case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': 630 case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': 631 for (width = 0;; ++fmt) { 632 width = width * 10 + ch - '0'; 633 ch = *fmt; 634 if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') 635 break; 636 } 637 goto reswitch; 638 case 'l': 639 flags |= LONGINT; 640 goto reswitch; 641 case 'q': 642 flags |= QUADINT; 643 goto reswitch; 644 /* case 'b': ... break; XXX */ 645 case 'c': 646 *bp++ = va_arg(ap, int); 647 break; 648 /* case 'r': ... break; XXX */ 649 case 's': 650 p = va_arg(ap, char *); 651 while ((*bp++ = *p++) != 0) 652 continue; 653 --bp; 654 break; 655 case 'd': 656 ul = SARG(); 657 if ((quad_t)ul < 0) { 658 *bp++ = '-'; 659 ul = -ul; 660 } 661 base = 10; 662 goto number; 663 case 'o': 664 ul = UARG(); 665 base = 8; 666 goto number; 667 case 'u': 668 ul = UARG(); 669 base = 10; 670 goto number; 671 case 'p': 672 *bp++ = '0'; 673 *bp++ = 'x'; 674 ul = (u_long)va_arg(ap, void *); 675 base = 16; 676 goto number; 677 case 'x': 678 ul = UARG(); 679 base = 16; 680 number: p = ksnprintn(ul, base, &tmp, snbuf, sizeof(snbuf)); 681 if (width && (width -= tmp) > 0) 682 while (width--) 683 *bp++ = padc; 684 while ((ch = *p--) != 0) 685 *bp++ = ch; 686 break; 687 default: 688 *bp++ = '%'; 689 /* flags??? */ 690 /* FALLTHROUGH */ 691 case '%': 692 *bp++ = ch; 693 } 694 } 695 va_end(ap); 696 } 697 698 /* 699 * Put a number (base <= 16) in a buffer in reverse order; return an 700 * optional length and a pointer to the NULL terminated (preceded?) 701 * buffer. 702 */ 703 static char * 704 ksnprintn(ul, base, lenp, buf, buflen) 705 register u_quad_t ul; 706 register int base, *lenp; 707 char *buf; 708 size_t buflen; 709 { 710 register char *p; 711 712 p = buf; 713 *p = '\0'; /* ensure NULL `termination' */ 714 715 /* 716 * Don't even bother of the buffer's not big enough. No 717 * value at all is better than a wrong value, and we 718 * have a lot of control over the buffer that's passed 719 * to this function, since it's not exported. 720 */ 721 if (buflen < KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE) 722 return (p); 723 724 do { 725 *++p = "0123456789abcdef"[ul % base]; 726 } while (ul /= base); 727 if (lenp) 728 *lenp = p - buf; 729 return (p); 730 } 731 732 /* 733 * Print a bitmask into the provided buffer, and return a pointer 734 * to that buffer. 735 */ 736 char * 737 bitmask_snprintf(ul, p, buf, buflen) 738 u_long ul; 739 const char *p; 740 char *buf; 741 size_t buflen; 742 { 743 char *bp, *q; 744 size_t left; 745 register int n; 746 int ch, tmp; 747 char snbuf[KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE]; 748 749 bp = buf; 750 bzero(buf, buflen); 751 752 /* 753 * Always leave room for the trailing NULL. 754 */ 755 left = buflen - 1; 756 757 /* 758 * Print the value into the buffer. Abort if there's not 759 * enough room. 760 */ 761 if (buflen < KSNPRINTN_BUFSIZE) 762 return (buf); 763 764 for (q = ksnprintn(ul, *p++, NULL, snbuf, sizeof(snbuf)); 765 (ch = *q--) != 0;) { 766 *bp++ = ch; 767 left--; 768 } 769 770 /* 771 * If the value we printed was 0, or if we don't have room for 772 * "<x>", we're done. 773 */ 774 if (ul == 0 || left < 3) 775 return (buf); 776 777 #define PUTBYTE(b, c, l) \ 778 *(b)++ = (c); \ 779 if (--(l) == 0) \ 780 goto out; 781 782 for (tmp = 0; (n = *p++) != 0;) { 783 if (ul & (1 << (n - 1))) { 784 PUTBYTE(bp, tmp ? ',' : '<', left); 785 for (; (n = *p) > ' '; ++p) { 786 PUTBYTE(bp, n, left); 787 } 788 tmp = 1; 789 } else 790 for (; *p > ' '; ++p) 791 continue; 792 } 793 if (tmp) 794 *bp = '>'; 795 796 #undef PUTBYTE 797 798 out: 799 return (buf); 800 } 801