xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/kern_ksyms.c (revision a6f3f22f245acb8ee3bbf6871d7dce989204fa97)
1 /*	$NetBSD: kern_ksyms.c,v 1.81 2015/08/30 01:46:02 uebayasi Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software developed for The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Doran.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 2001, 2003 Anders Magnusson (ragge@ludd.luth.se).
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
45  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
48  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
50  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
51  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
52  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
53  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
54  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
55  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
56  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
57  */
58 
59 /*
60  * Code to deal with in-kernel symbol table management + /dev/ksyms.
61  *
62  * For each loaded module the symbol table info is kept track of by a
63  * struct, placed in a circular list. The first entry is the kernel
64  * symbol table.
65  */
66 
67 /*
68  * TODO:
69  *
70  *	Add support for mmap, poll.
71  *	Constify tables.
72  *	Constify db_symtab and move it to .rodata.
73  */
74 
75 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
76 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: kern_ksyms.c,v 1.81 2015/08/30 01:46:02 uebayasi Exp $");
77 
78 #if defined(_KERNEL) && defined(_KERNEL_OPT)
79 #include "opt_copy_symtab.h"
80 #include "opt_ddb.h"
81 #include "opt_dtrace.h"
82 #endif
83 
84 #define _KSYMS_PRIVATE
85 
86 #include <sys/param.h>
87 #include <sys/queue.h>
88 #include <sys/exec.h>
89 #include <sys/systm.h>
90 #include <sys/conf.h>
91 #include <sys/kmem.h>
92 #include <sys/proc.h>
93 #include <sys/atomic.h>
94 #include <sys/ksyms.h>
95 
96 #ifdef DDB
97 #include <ddb/db_output.h>
98 #endif
99 
100 #include "ksyms.h"
101 #if NKSYMS > 0
102 #include "ioconf.h"
103 #endif
104 
105 #define KSYMS_MAX_ID	65536
106 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
107 static uint32_t ksyms_nmap[KSYMS_MAX_ID];	/* sorted symbol table map */
108 #else
109 static uint32_t *ksyms_nmap = NULL;
110 #endif
111 
112 static int ksyms_maxlen;
113 static bool ksyms_isopen;
114 static bool ksyms_initted;
115 static bool ksyms_loaded;
116 static kmutex_t ksyms_lock __cacheline_aligned;
117 static struct ksyms_symtab kernel_symtab;
118 
119 static void ksyms_hdr_init(const void *);
120 static void ksyms_sizes_calc(void);
121 
122 #ifdef KSYMS_DEBUG
123 #define	FOLLOW_CALLS		1
124 #define	FOLLOW_MORE_CALLS	2
125 #define	FOLLOW_DEVKSYMS		4
126 static int ksyms_debug;
127 #endif
128 
129 #define		SYMTAB_FILLER	"|This is the symbol table!"
130 
131 #ifdef makeoptions_COPY_SYMTAB
132 extern char db_symtab[];
133 extern int db_symtabsize;
134 #endif
135 
136 /*
137  * used by savecore(8) so non-static
138  */
139 struct ksyms_hdr ksyms_hdr;
140 int ksyms_symsz;
141 int ksyms_strsz;
142 int ksyms_ctfsz;	/* this is not currently used by savecore(8) */
143 TAILQ_HEAD(, ksyms_symtab) ksyms_symtabs =
144     TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ksyms_symtabs);
145 
146 static int
147 ksyms_verify(const void *symstart, const void *strstart)
148 {
149 #if defined(DIAGNOSTIC) || defined(DEBUG)
150 	if (symstart == NULL)
151 		printf("ksyms: Symbol table not found\n");
152 	if (strstart == NULL)
153 		printf("ksyms: String table not found\n");
154 	if (symstart == NULL || strstart == NULL)
155 		printf("ksyms: Perhaps the kernel is stripped?\n");
156 #endif
157 	if (symstart == NULL || strstart == NULL)
158 		return 0;
159 	return 1;
160 }
161 
162 /*
163  * Finds a certain symbol name in a certain symbol table.
164  */
165 static Elf_Sym *
166 findsym(const char *name, struct ksyms_symtab *table, int type)
167 {
168 	Elf_Sym *sym, *maxsym;
169 	int low, mid, high, nglob;
170 	char *str, *cmp;
171 
172 	sym = table->sd_symstart;
173 	str = table->sd_strstart - table->sd_usroffset;
174 	nglob = table->sd_nglob;
175 	low = 0;
176 	high = nglob;
177 
178 	/*
179 	 * Start with a binary search of all global symbols in this table.
180 	 * Global symbols must have unique names.
181 	 */
182 	while (low < high) {
183 		mid = (low + high) >> 1;
184 		cmp = sym[mid].st_name + str;
185 		if (cmp[0] < name[0] || strcmp(cmp, name) < 0) {
186 			low = mid + 1;
187 		} else {
188 			high = mid;
189 		}
190 	}
191 	KASSERT(low == high);
192 	if (__predict_true(low < nglob &&
193 	    strcmp(sym[low].st_name + str, name) == 0)) {
194 		KASSERT(ELF_ST_BIND(sym[low].st_info) == STB_GLOBAL);
195 		return &sym[low];
196 	}
197 
198 	/*
199 	 * Perform a linear search of local symbols (rare).  Many local
200 	 * symbols with the same name can exist so are not included in
201 	 * the binary search.
202 	 */
203 	if (type != KSYMS_EXTERN) {
204 		maxsym = sym + table->sd_symsize / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
205 		for (sym += nglob; sym < maxsym; sym++) {
206 			if (strcmp(name, sym->st_name + str) == 0) {
207 				return sym;
208 			}
209 		}
210 	}
211 	return NULL;
212 }
213 
214 /*
215  * The "attach" is in reality done in ksyms_init().
216  */
217 #if NKSYMS > 0
218 /*
219  * ksyms can be loaded even if the kernel has a missing "pseudo-device ksyms"
220  * statement because ddb and modules require it. Fixing it properly requires
221  * fixing config to warn about required, but missing preudo-devices. For now,
222  * if we don't have the pseudo-device we don't need the attach function; this
223  * is fine, as it does nothing.
224  */
225 void
226 ksymsattach(int arg)
227 {
228 }
229 #endif
230 
231 void
232 ksyms_init(void)
233 {
234 
235 #ifdef makeoptions_COPY_SYMTAB
236 	if (!ksyms_loaded &&
237 	    strncmp(db_symtab, SYMTAB_FILLER, sizeof(SYMTAB_FILLER))) {
238 		ksyms_addsyms_elf(db_symtabsize, db_symtab,
239 		    db_symtab + db_symtabsize);
240 	}
241 #endif
242 
243 	if (!ksyms_initted) {
244 		mutex_init(&ksyms_lock, MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_NONE);
245 		ksyms_initted = true;
246 	}
247 }
248 
249 /*
250  * Add a symbol table.
251  * This is intended for use when the symbol table and its corresponding
252  * string table are easily available.  If they are embedded in an ELF
253  * image, use addsymtab_elf() instead.
254  *
255  * name - Symbol's table name.
256  * symstart, symsize - Address and size of the symbol table.
257  * strstart, strsize - Address and size of the string table.
258  * tab - Symbol table to be updated with this information.
259  * newstart - Address to which the symbol table has to be copied during
260  *            shrinking.  If NULL, it is not moved.
261  */
262 static const char *addsymtab_strstart;
263 
264 static int
265 addsymtab_compar(const void *a, const void *b)
266 {
267 	const Elf_Sym *sa, *sb;
268 
269 	sa = a;
270 	sb = b;
271 
272 	/*
273 	 * Split the symbol table into two, with globals at the start
274 	 * and locals at the end.
275 	 */
276 	if (ELF_ST_BIND(sa->st_info) != ELF_ST_BIND(sb->st_info)) {
277 		if (ELF_ST_BIND(sa->st_info) == STB_GLOBAL) {
278 			return -1;
279 		}
280 		if (ELF_ST_BIND(sb->st_info) == STB_GLOBAL) {
281 			return 1;
282 		}
283 	}
284 
285 	/* Within each band, sort by name. */
286 	return strcmp(sa->st_name + addsymtab_strstart,
287 	    sb->st_name + addsymtab_strstart);
288 }
289 
290 static void
291 addsymtab(const char *name, void *symstart, size_t symsize,
292 	  void *strstart, size_t strsize, struct ksyms_symtab *tab,
293 	  void *newstart, void *ctfstart, size_t ctfsize, uint32_t *nmap)
294 {
295 	Elf_Sym *sym, *nsym, ts;
296 	int i, j, n, nglob;
297 	char *str;
298 	int nsyms = symsize / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
299 
300 	/* Sanity check for pre-allocated map table used during startup. */
301 	if ((nmap == ksyms_nmap) && (nsyms >= KSYMS_MAX_ID)) {
302 		printf("kern_ksyms: ERROR %d > %d, increase KSYMS_MAX_ID\n",
303 		    nsyms, KSYMS_MAX_ID);
304 
305 		/* truncate for now */
306 		nsyms = KSYMS_MAX_ID - 1;
307 	}
308 
309 	tab->sd_symstart = symstart;
310 	tab->sd_symsize = symsize;
311 	tab->sd_strstart = strstart;
312 	tab->sd_strsize = strsize;
313 	tab->sd_name = name;
314 	tab->sd_minsym = UINTPTR_MAX;
315 	tab->sd_maxsym = 0;
316 	tab->sd_usroffset = 0;
317 	tab->sd_gone = false;
318 	tab->sd_ctfstart = ctfstart;
319 	tab->sd_ctfsize = ctfsize;
320 	tab->sd_nmap = nmap;
321 	tab->sd_nmapsize = nsyms;
322 #ifdef KSYMS_DEBUG
323 	printf("newstart %p sym %p ksyms_symsz %zu str %p strsz %zu send %p\n",
324 	    newstart, symstart, symsize, strstart, strsize,
325 	    tab->sd_strstart + tab->sd_strsize);
326 #endif
327 
328 	if (nmap) {
329 		memset(nmap, 0, nsyms * sizeof(uint32_t));
330 	}
331 
332 	/* Pack symbol table by removing all file name references. */
333 	sym = tab->sd_symstart;
334 	nsym = (Elf_Sym *)newstart;
335 	str = tab->sd_strstart;
336 	nglob = 0;
337 	for (i = n = 0; i < nsyms; i++) {
338 
339 	    	/* This breaks CTF mapping, so don't do it when
340 		 * DTrace is enabled
341 		 */
342 #ifndef KDTRACE_HOOKS
343 		/*
344 		 * Remove useless symbols.
345 		 * Should actually remove all typeless symbols.
346 		 */
347 		if (sym[i].st_name == 0)
348 			continue; /* Skip nameless entries */
349 		if (sym[i].st_shndx == SHN_UNDEF)
350 			continue; /* Skip external references */
351 		if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym[i].st_info) == STT_FILE)
352 			continue; /* Skip filenames */
353 		if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym[i].st_info) == STT_NOTYPE &&
354 		    sym[i].st_value == 0 &&
355 		    strcmp(str + sym[i].st_name, "*ABS*") == 0)
356 			continue; /* XXX */
357 		if (ELF_ST_TYPE(sym[i].st_info) == STT_NOTYPE &&
358 		    strcmp(str + sym[i].st_name, "gcc2_compiled.") == 0)
359 			continue; /* XXX */
360 #endif
361 
362 		/* Save symbol. Set it as an absolute offset */
363 		nsym[n] = sym[i];
364 
365 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
366 		if (nmap != NULL) {
367 			/*
368 			 * Save the size, replace it with the symbol id so
369 			 * the mapping can be done after the cleanup and sort.
370 			 */
371 			nmap[i] = nsym[n].st_size;
372 			nsym[n].st_size = i + 1;	/* zero is reserved */
373 		}
374 #endif
375 
376 		nsym[n].st_shndx = SHBSS;
377 		j = strlen(nsym[n].st_name + str) + 1;
378 		if (j > ksyms_maxlen)
379 			ksyms_maxlen = j;
380 		nglob += (ELF_ST_BIND(nsym[n].st_info) == STB_GLOBAL);
381 
382 		/* Compute min and max symbols. */
383 		if (strcmp(str + sym[i].st_name, "*ABS*") != 0
384 		    && ELF_ST_TYPE(nsym[n].st_info) != STT_NOTYPE) {
385 			if (nsym[n].st_value < tab->sd_minsym) {
386 				tab->sd_minsym = nsym[n].st_value;
387 			}
388 			if (nsym[n].st_value > tab->sd_maxsym) {
389 				tab->sd_maxsym = nsym[n].st_value;
390 			}
391 		}
392 		n++;
393 	}
394 
395 	/* Fill the rest of the record, and sort the symbols. */
396 	tab->sd_symstart = nsym;
397 	tab->sd_symsize = n * sizeof(Elf_Sym);
398 	tab->sd_nglob = nglob;
399 	addsymtab_strstart = str;
400 	if (kheapsort(nsym, n, sizeof(Elf_Sym), addsymtab_compar, &ts) != 0)
401 		panic("addsymtab");
402 
403 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
404 	/*
405 	 * Build the mapping from original symbol id to new symbol table.
406 	 * Deleted symbols will have a zero map, indices will be one based
407 	 * instead of zero based.
408 	 * Resulting map is sd_nmap[original_index] = new_index + 1
409 	 */
410 	if (nmap != NULL) {
411 		int new;
412 		for (new = 0; new < n; new++) {
413 			uint32_t orig = nsym[new].st_size - 1;
414 			uint32_t size = nmap[orig];
415 
416 			nmap[orig] = new + 1;
417 
418 			/* restore the size */
419 			nsym[new].st_size = size;
420 		}
421 	}
422 #endif
423 
424 	/* ksymsread() is unlocked, so membar. */
425 	membar_producer();
426 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ksyms_symtabs, tab, sd_queue);
427 	ksyms_sizes_calc();
428 	ksyms_loaded = true;
429 }
430 
431 /*
432  * Setup the kernel symbol table stuff.
433  */
434 void
435 ksyms_addsyms_elf(int symsize, void *start, void *end)
436 {
437 	int i, j;
438 	Elf_Shdr *shdr;
439 	char *symstart = NULL, *strstart = NULL;
440 	size_t strsize = 0;
441 	Elf_Ehdr *ehdr;
442 	char *ctfstart = NULL;
443 	size_t ctfsize = 0;
444 
445 	if (symsize <= 0) {
446 		printf("[ Kernel symbol table missing! ]\n");
447 		return;
448 	}
449 
450 	/* Sanity check */
451 	if (ALIGNED_POINTER(start, long) == 0) {
452 		printf("[ Kernel symbol table has bad start address %p ]\n",
453 		    start);
454 		return;
455 	}
456 
457 	ehdr = (Elf_Ehdr *)start;
458 
459 	/* check if this is a valid ELF header */
460 	/* No reason to verify arch type, the kernel is actually running! */
461 	if (memcmp(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) ||
462 	    ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS ||
463 	    ehdr->e_version > 1) {
464 		printf("[ Kernel symbol table invalid! ]\n");
465 		return; /* nothing to do */
466 	}
467 
468 	/* Loaded header will be scratched in addsymtab */
469 	ksyms_hdr_init(start);
470 
471 	/* Find the symbol table and the corresponding string table. */
472 	shdr = (Elf_Shdr *)((uint8_t *)start + ehdr->e_shoff);
473 	for (i = 1; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) {
474 		if (shdr[i].sh_type != SHT_SYMTAB)
475 			continue;
476 		if (shdr[i].sh_offset == 0)
477 			continue;
478 		symstart = (uint8_t *)start + shdr[i].sh_offset;
479 		symsize = shdr[i].sh_size;
480 		j = shdr[i].sh_link;
481 		if (shdr[j].sh_offset == 0)
482 			continue; /* Can this happen? */
483 		strstart = (uint8_t *)start + shdr[j].sh_offset;
484 		strsize = shdr[j].sh_size;
485 		break;
486 	}
487 
488 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
489 	/* Find the CTF section */
490 	shdr = (Elf_Shdr *)((uint8_t *)start + ehdr->e_shoff);
491 	if (ehdr->e_shstrndx != 0) {
492 		char *shstr = (uint8_t *)start +
493 		    shdr[ehdr->e_shstrndx].sh_offset;
494 		for (i = 1; i < ehdr->e_shnum; i++) {
495 #ifdef DEBUG
496 		    	printf("ksyms: checking %s\n", &shstr[shdr[i].sh_name]);
497 #endif
498 			if (shdr[i].sh_type != SHT_PROGBITS)
499 				continue;
500 			if (strncmp(".SUNW_ctf", &shstr[shdr[i].sh_name], 10)
501 			    != 0)
502 				continue;
503 			ctfstart = (uint8_t *)start + shdr[i].sh_offset;
504 			ctfsize = shdr[i].sh_size;
505 			ksyms_ctfsz = ctfsize;
506 #ifdef DEBUG
507 			aprint_normal("Found CTF at %p, size 0x%zx\n",
508 			    ctfstart, ctfsize);
509 #endif
510 			break;
511 		}
512 #ifdef DEBUG
513 	} else {
514 	    	printf("ksyms: e_shstrndx == 0\n");
515 #endif
516 	}
517 #endif
518 
519 	if (!ksyms_verify(symstart, strstart))
520 		return;
521 
522 	addsymtab("netbsd", symstart, symsize, strstart, strsize,
523 	    &kernel_symtab, symstart, ctfstart, ctfsize, ksyms_nmap);
524 
525 #ifdef DEBUG
526 	aprint_normal("Loaded initial symtab at %p, strtab at %p, # entries %ld\n",
527 	    kernel_symtab.sd_symstart, kernel_symtab.sd_strstart,
528 	    (long)kernel_symtab.sd_symsize/sizeof(Elf_Sym));
529 #endif
530 }
531 
532 /*
533  * Setup the kernel symbol table stuff.
534  * Use this when the address of the symbol and string tables are known;
535  * otherwise use ksyms_init with an ELF image.
536  * We need to pass a minimal ELF header which will later be completed by
537  * ksyms_hdr_init and handed off to userland through /dev/ksyms.  We use
538  * a void *rather than a pointer to avoid exposing the Elf_Ehdr type.
539  */
540 void
541 ksyms_addsyms_explicit(void *ehdr, void *symstart, size_t symsize,
542 		    void *strstart, size_t strsize)
543 {
544 
545 	if (!ksyms_verify(symstart, strstart))
546 		return;
547 
548 	ksyms_hdr_init(ehdr);
549 	addsymtab("netbsd", symstart, symsize, strstart, strsize,
550 	    &kernel_symtab, symstart, NULL, 0, ksyms_nmap);
551 }
552 
553 /*
554  * Get the value associated with a symbol.
555  * "mod" is the module name, or null if any module.
556  * "sym" is the symbol name.
557  * "val" is a pointer to the corresponding value, if call succeeded.
558  * Returns 0 if success or ENOENT if no such entry.
559  *
560  * Call with ksyms_lock, unless known that the symbol table can't change.
561  */
562 int
563 ksyms_getval_unlocked(const char *mod, const char *sym, unsigned long *val,
564 		      int type)
565 {
566 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
567 	Elf_Sym *es;
568 
569 #ifdef KSYMS_DEBUG
570 	if (ksyms_debug & FOLLOW_CALLS)
571 		printf("ksyms_getval_unlocked: mod %s sym %s valp %p\n",
572 		    mod, sym, val);
573 #endif
574 
575 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
576 		if (__predict_false(st->sd_gone))
577 			continue;
578 		if (mod != NULL && strcmp(st->sd_name, mod))
579 			continue;
580 		if ((es = findsym(sym, st, type)) != NULL) {
581 			*val = es->st_value;
582 			return 0;
583 		}
584 	}
585 	return ENOENT;
586 }
587 
588 int
589 ksyms_getval(const char *mod, const char *sym, unsigned long *val, int type)
590 {
591 	int rc;
592 
593 	if (!ksyms_loaded)
594 		return ENOENT;
595 
596 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
597 	rc = ksyms_getval_unlocked(mod, sym, val, type);
598 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
599 	return rc;
600 }
601 
602 struct ksyms_symtab *
603 ksyms_get_mod(const char *mod)
604 {
605 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
606 
607 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
608 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
609 		if (__predict_false(st->sd_gone))
610 			continue;
611 		if (mod != NULL && strcmp(st->sd_name, mod))
612 			continue;
613 		break;
614 	}
615 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
616 
617 	return st;
618 }
619 
620 
621 /*
622  * ksyms_mod_foreach()
623  *
624  * Iterate over the symbol table of the specified module, calling the callback
625  * handler for each symbol. Stop iterating if the handler return is non-zero.
626  *
627  */
628 
629 int
630 ksyms_mod_foreach(const char *mod, ksyms_callback_t callback, void *opaque)
631 {
632 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
633 	Elf_Sym *sym, *maxsym;
634 	char *str;
635 	int symindx;
636 
637 	if (!ksyms_loaded)
638 		return ENOENT;
639 
640 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
641 
642 	/* find the module */
643 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
644 		if (__predict_false(st->sd_gone))
645 			continue;
646 		if (mod != NULL && strcmp(st->sd_name, mod))
647 			continue;
648 
649 		sym = st->sd_symstart;
650 		str = st->sd_strstart - st->sd_usroffset;
651 
652 		/* now iterate through the symbols */
653 		maxsym = sym + st->sd_symsize / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
654 		for (symindx = 0; sym < maxsym; sym++, symindx++) {
655 			if (callback(str + sym->st_name, symindx,
656 			    (void *)sym->st_value,
657 			    sym->st_size,
658 			    sym->st_info,
659 			    opaque) != 0) {
660 				break;
661 			}
662 		}
663 	}
664 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
665 
666 	return 0;
667 }
668 
669 /*
670  * Get "mod" and "symbol" associated with an address.
671  * Returns 0 if success or ENOENT if no such entry.
672  *
673  * Call with ksyms_lock, unless known that the symbol table can't change.
674  */
675 int
676 ksyms_getname(const char **mod, const char **sym, vaddr_t v, int f)
677 {
678 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
679 	Elf_Sym *les, *es = NULL;
680 	vaddr_t laddr = 0;
681 	const char *lmod = NULL;
682 	char *stable = NULL;
683 	int type, i, sz;
684 
685 	if (!ksyms_loaded)
686 		return ENOENT;
687 
688 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
689 		if (st->sd_gone)
690 			continue;
691 		if (v < st->sd_minsym || v > st->sd_maxsym)
692 			continue;
693 		sz = st->sd_symsize/sizeof(Elf_Sym);
694 		for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
695 			les = st->sd_symstart + i;
696 			type = ELF_ST_TYPE(les->st_info);
697 
698 			if ((f & KSYMS_PROC) && (type != STT_FUNC))
699 				continue;
700 
701 			if (type == STT_NOTYPE)
702 				continue;
703 
704 			if (((f & KSYMS_ANY) == 0) &&
705 			    (type != STT_FUNC) && (type != STT_OBJECT))
706 				continue;
707 
708 			if ((les->st_value <= v) && (les->st_value > laddr)) {
709 				laddr = les->st_value;
710 				es = les;
711 				lmod = st->sd_name;
712 				stable = st->sd_strstart - st->sd_usroffset;
713 			}
714 		}
715 	}
716 	if (es == NULL)
717 		return ENOENT;
718 	if ((f & KSYMS_EXACT) && (v != es->st_value))
719 		return ENOENT;
720 	if (mod)
721 		*mod = lmod;
722 	if (sym)
723 		*sym = stable + es->st_name;
724 	return 0;
725 }
726 
727 /*
728  * Add a symbol table from a loadable module.
729  */
730 void
731 ksyms_modload(const char *name, void *symstart, vsize_t symsize,
732 	      char *strstart, vsize_t strsize)
733 {
734 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
735 
736 	st = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(*st), KM_SLEEP);
737 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
738 	addsymtab(name, symstart, symsize, strstart, strsize, st, symstart,
739 	    NULL, 0, NULL);
740 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
741 }
742 
743 /*
744  * Remove a symbol table from a loadable module.
745  */
746 void
747 ksyms_modunload(const char *name)
748 {
749 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
750 
751 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
752 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
753 		if (st->sd_gone)
754 			continue;
755 		if (strcmp(name, st->sd_name) != 0)
756 			continue;
757 		st->sd_gone = true;
758 		if (!ksyms_isopen) {
759 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ksyms_symtabs, st, sd_queue);
760 			ksyms_sizes_calc();
761 			kmem_free(st, sizeof(*st));
762 		}
763 		break;
764 	}
765 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
766 	KASSERT(st != NULL);
767 }
768 
769 #ifdef DDB
770 /*
771  * Keep sifting stuff here, to avoid export of ksyms internals.
772  *
773  * Systems is expected to be quiescent, so no locking done.
774  */
775 int
776 ksyms_sift(char *mod, char *sym, int mode)
777 {
778 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
779 	char *sb;
780 	int i, sz;
781 
782 	if (!ksyms_loaded)
783 		return ENOENT;
784 
785 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
786 		if (st->sd_gone)
787 			continue;
788 		if (mod && strcmp(mod, st->sd_name))
789 			continue;
790 		sb = st->sd_strstart - st->sd_usroffset;
791 
792 		sz = st->sd_symsize/sizeof(Elf_Sym);
793 		for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
794 			Elf_Sym *les = st->sd_symstart + i;
795 			char c;
796 
797 			if (strstr(sb + les->st_name, sym) == NULL)
798 				continue;
799 
800 			if (mode == 'F') {
801 				switch (ELF_ST_TYPE(les->st_info)) {
802 				case STT_OBJECT:
803 					c = '+';
804 					break;
805 				case STT_FUNC:
806 					c = '*';
807 					break;
808 				case STT_SECTION:
809 					c = '&';
810 					break;
811 				case STT_FILE:
812 					c = '/';
813 					break;
814 				default:
815 					c = ' ';
816 					break;
817 				}
818 				db_printf("%s%c ", sb + les->st_name, c);
819 			} else
820 				db_printf("%s ", sb + les->st_name);
821 		}
822 	}
823 	return ENOENT;
824 }
825 #endif /* DDB */
826 
827 /*
828  * In case we exposing the symbol table to the userland using the pseudo-
829  * device /dev/ksyms, it is easier to provide all the tables as one.
830  * However, it means we have to change all the st_name fields for the
831  * symbols so they match the ELF image that the userland will read
832  * through the device.
833  *
834  * The actual (correct) value of st_name is preserved through a global
835  * offset stored in the symbol table structure.
836  *
837  * Call with ksyms_lock held.
838  */
839 static void
840 ksyms_sizes_calc(void)
841 {
842         struct ksyms_symtab *st;
843 	int i, delta;
844 
845         ksyms_symsz = ksyms_strsz = 0;
846         TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
847 		delta = ksyms_strsz - st->sd_usroffset;
848 		if (delta != 0) {
849 			for (i = 0; i < st->sd_symsize/sizeof(Elf_Sym); i++)
850 				st->sd_symstart[i].st_name += delta;
851 			st->sd_usroffset = ksyms_strsz;
852 		}
853                 ksyms_symsz += st->sd_symsize;
854                 ksyms_strsz += st->sd_strsize;
855         }
856 }
857 
858 static void
859 ksyms_fill_note(void)
860 {
861 	int32_t *note = ksyms_hdr.kh_note;
862 	note[0] = ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ;
863 	note[1] = ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ;
864 	note[2] = ELF_NOTE_TYPE_NETBSD_TAG;
865 	memcpy(&note[3],  "NetBSD\0", 8);
866 	note[5] = __NetBSD_Version__;
867 }
868 
869 static void
870 ksyms_hdr_init(const void *hdraddr)
871 {
872 	/* Copy the loaded elf exec header */
873 	memcpy(&ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr, hdraddr, sizeof(Elf_Ehdr));
874 
875 	/* Set correct program/section header sizes, offsets and numbers */
876 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_phoff = offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_phdr[0]);
877 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
878 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_phnum = NPRGHDR;
879 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_shoff = offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_shdr[0]);
880 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
881 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_shnum = NSECHDR;
882 	ksyms_hdr.kh_ehdr.e_shstrndx = SHSTRTAB;
883 
884 	/* Text/data - fake */
885 	ksyms_hdr.kh_phdr[0].p_type = PT_LOAD;
886 	ksyms_hdr.kh_phdr[0].p_memsz = (unsigned long)-1L;
887 	ksyms_hdr.kh_phdr[0].p_flags = PF_R | PF_X | PF_W;
888 
889 #define SHTCOPY(name)  strlcpy(&ksyms_hdr.kh_strtab[offs], (name), \
890     sizeof(ksyms_hdr.kh_strtab) - offs), offs += sizeof(name)
891 
892 	uint32_t offs = 1;
893 	/* First section header ".note.netbsd.ident" */
894 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHNOTE].sh_name = offs;
895 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHNOTE].sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
896 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHNOTE].sh_offset =
897 	    offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_note[0]);
898 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHNOTE].sh_size = sizeof(ksyms_hdr.kh_note);
899 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHNOTE].sh_addralign = sizeof(int);
900 	SHTCOPY(".note.netbsd.ident");
901 	ksyms_fill_note();
902 
903 	/* Second section header; ".symtab" */
904 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_name = offs;
905 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_type = SHT_SYMTAB;
906 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_offset = sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr);
907 /*	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_size = filled in at open */
908 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_link = STRTAB; /* Corresponding strtab */
909 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_addralign = sizeof(long);
910 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_entsize = sizeof(Elf_Sym);
911 	SHTCOPY(".symtab");
912 
913 	/* Third section header; ".strtab" */
914 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_name = offs;
915 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
916 /*	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_offset = filled in at open */
917 /*	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_size = filled in at open */
918 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_addralign = sizeof(char);
919 	SHTCOPY(".strtab");
920 
921 	/* Fourth section, ".shstrtab" */
922 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHSTRTAB].sh_name = offs;
923 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHSTRTAB].sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
924 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHSTRTAB].sh_offset =
925 	    offsetof(struct ksyms_hdr, kh_strtab);
926 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHSTRTAB].sh_size = SHSTRSIZ;
927 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHSTRTAB].sh_addralign = sizeof(char);
928 	SHTCOPY(".shstrtab");
929 
930 	/* Fifth section, ".bss". All symbols reside here. */
931 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_name = offs;
932 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_type = SHT_NOBITS;
933 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_offset = 0;
934 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_size = (unsigned long)-1L;
935 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_addralign = PAGE_SIZE;
936 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHBSS].sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC | SHF_EXECINSTR;
937 	SHTCOPY(".bss");
938 
939 	/* Sixth section header; ".SUNW_ctf" */
940 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_name = offs;
941 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
942 /*	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_offset = filled in at open */
943 /*	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_size = filled in at open */
944 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_link = SYMTAB; /* Corresponding symtab */
945 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_addralign = sizeof(char);
946 	SHTCOPY(".SUNW_ctf");
947 }
948 
949 static int
950 ksymsopen(dev_t dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct lwp *l)
951 {
952 
953 	if (minor(dev) != 0 || !ksyms_loaded)
954 		return ENXIO;
955 
956 	/*
957 	 * Create a "snapshot" of the kernel symbol table.  Setting
958 	 * ksyms_isopen will prevent symbol tables from being freed.
959 	 */
960 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
961 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_size = ksyms_symsz;
962 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_info = ksyms_symsz / sizeof(Elf_Sym);
963 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_offset = ksyms_symsz +
964 	    ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_offset;
965 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_size = ksyms_strsz;
966 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_offset = ksyms_strsz +
967 	    ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[STRTAB].sh_offset;
968 	ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SHCTF].sh_size = ksyms_ctfsz;
969 	ksyms_isopen = true;
970 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
971 
972 	return 0;
973 }
974 
975 static int
976 ksymsclose(dev_t dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct lwp *l)
977 {
978 	struct ksyms_symtab *st, *next;
979 	bool resize;
980 
981 	/* Discard refernces to symbol tables. */
982 	mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
983 	ksyms_isopen = false;
984 	resize = false;
985 	for (st = TAILQ_FIRST(&ksyms_symtabs); st != NULL; st = next) {
986 		next = TAILQ_NEXT(st, sd_queue);
987 		if (st->sd_gone) {
988 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&ksyms_symtabs, st, sd_queue);
989 			kmem_free(st, sizeof(*st));
990 			resize = true;
991 		}
992 	}
993 	if (resize)
994 		ksyms_sizes_calc();
995 	mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
996 
997 	return 0;
998 }
999 
1000 static int
1001 ksymsread(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
1002 {
1003 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
1004 	size_t filepos, inpos, off;
1005 	int error;
1006 
1007 	/*
1008 	 * First: Copy out the ELF header.   XXX Lose if ksymsopen()
1009 	 * occurs during read of the header.
1010 	 */
1011 	off = uio->uio_offset;
1012 	if (off < sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr)) {
1013 		error = uiomove((char *)&ksyms_hdr + off,
1014 		    sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr) - off, uio);
1015 		if (error != 0)
1016 			return error;
1017 	}
1018 
1019 	/*
1020 	 * Copy out the symbol table.
1021 	 */
1022 	filepos = sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr);
1023 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
1024 		if (uio->uio_resid == 0)
1025 			return 0;
1026 		if (uio->uio_offset <= st->sd_symsize + filepos) {
1027 			inpos = uio->uio_offset - filepos;
1028 			error = uiomove((char *)st->sd_symstart + inpos,
1029 			   st->sd_symsize - inpos, uio);
1030 			if (error != 0)
1031 				return error;
1032 		}
1033 		filepos += st->sd_symsize;
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	/*
1037 	 * Copy out the string table
1038 	 */
1039 	KASSERT(filepos == sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr) +
1040 	    ksyms_hdr.kh_shdr[SYMTAB].sh_size);
1041 	TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
1042 		if (uio->uio_resid == 0)
1043 			return 0;
1044 		if (uio->uio_offset <= st->sd_strsize + filepos) {
1045 			inpos = uio->uio_offset - filepos;
1046 			error = uiomove((char *)st->sd_strstart + inpos,
1047 			   st->sd_strsize - inpos, uio);
1048 			if (error != 0)
1049 				return error;
1050 		}
1051 		filepos += st->sd_strsize;
1052 	}
1053 
1054 	/*
1055 	 * Copy out the CTF table.
1056 	 */
1057 	st = TAILQ_FIRST(&ksyms_symtabs);
1058 	if (st->sd_ctfstart != NULL) {
1059 		if (uio->uio_resid == 0)
1060 			return 0;
1061 		if (uio->uio_offset <= st->sd_ctfsize + filepos) {
1062 			inpos = uio->uio_offset - filepos;
1063 			error = uiomove((char *)st->sd_ctfstart + inpos,
1064 			    st->sd_ctfsize - inpos, uio);
1065 			if (error != 0)
1066 				return error;
1067 		}
1068 		filepos += st->sd_ctfsize;
1069 	}
1070 
1071 	return 0;
1072 }
1073 
1074 static int
1075 ksymswrite(dev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int ioflag)
1076 {
1077 
1078 	return EROFS;
1079 }
1080 
1081 __CTASSERT(offsetof(struct ksyms_ogsymbol, kg_name) == offsetof(struct ksyms_gsymbol, kg_name));
1082 __CTASSERT(offsetof(struct ksyms_gvalue, kv_name) == offsetof(struct ksyms_gsymbol, kg_name));
1083 
1084 static int
1085 ksymsioctl(dev_t dev, u_long cmd, void *data, int fflag, struct lwp *l)
1086 {
1087 	struct ksyms_ogsymbol *okg = (struct ksyms_ogsymbol *)data;
1088 	struct ksyms_gsymbol *kg = (struct ksyms_gsymbol *)data;
1089 	struct ksyms_gvalue *kv = (struct ksyms_gvalue *)data;
1090 	struct ksyms_symtab *st;
1091 	Elf_Sym *sym = NULL, copy;
1092 	unsigned long val;
1093 	int error = 0;
1094 	char *str = NULL;
1095 	int len;
1096 
1097 	/* Read ksyms_maxlen only once while not holding the lock. */
1098 	len = ksyms_maxlen;
1099 
1100 	if (cmd == OKIOCGVALUE || cmd == OKIOCGSYMBOL
1101 	    || cmd == KIOCGVALUE || cmd == KIOCGSYMBOL) {
1102 		str = kmem_alloc(len, KM_SLEEP);
1103 		if ((error = copyinstr(kg->kg_name, str, len, NULL)) != 0) {
1104 			kmem_free(str, len);
1105 			return error;
1106 		}
1107 	}
1108 
1109 	switch (cmd) {
1110 	case OKIOCGVALUE:
1111 		/*
1112 		 * Use the in-kernel symbol lookup code for fast
1113 		 * retreival of a value.
1114 		 */
1115 		error = ksyms_getval(NULL, str, &val, KSYMS_EXTERN);
1116 		if (error == 0)
1117 			error = copyout(&val, okg->kg_value, sizeof(long));
1118 		kmem_free(str, len);
1119 		break;
1120 
1121 	case OKIOCGSYMBOL:
1122 		/*
1123 		 * Use the in-kernel symbol lookup code for fast
1124 		 * retreival of a symbol.
1125 		 */
1126 		mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
1127 		TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
1128 			if (st->sd_gone)
1129 				continue;
1130 			if ((sym = findsym(str, st, KSYMS_ANY)) == NULL)
1131 				continue;
1132 #ifdef notdef
1133 			/* Skip if bad binding */
1134 			if (ELF_ST_BIND(sym->st_info) != STB_GLOBAL) {
1135 				sym = NULL;
1136 				continue;
1137 			}
1138 #endif
1139 			break;
1140 		}
1141 		if (sym != NULL) {
1142 			memcpy(&copy, sym, sizeof(copy));
1143 			mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
1144 			error = copyout(&copy, okg->kg_sym, sizeof(Elf_Sym));
1145 		} else {
1146 			mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
1147 			error = ENOENT;
1148 		}
1149 		kmem_free(str, len);
1150 		break;
1151 
1152 	case KIOCGVALUE:
1153 		/*
1154 		 * Use the in-kernel symbol lookup code for fast
1155 		 * retreival of a value.
1156 		 */
1157 		error = ksyms_getval(NULL, str, &val, KSYMS_EXTERN);
1158 		if (error == 0)
1159 			kv->kv_value = val;
1160 		kmem_free(str, len);
1161 		break;
1162 
1163 	case KIOCGSYMBOL:
1164 		/*
1165 		 * Use the in-kernel symbol lookup code for fast
1166 		 * retreival of a symbol.
1167 		 */
1168 		mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
1169 		TAILQ_FOREACH(st, &ksyms_symtabs, sd_queue) {
1170 			if (st->sd_gone)
1171 				continue;
1172 			if ((sym = findsym(str, st, KSYMS_ANY)) == NULL)
1173 				continue;
1174 #ifdef notdef
1175 			/* Skip if bad binding */
1176 			if (ELF_ST_BIND(sym->st_info) != STB_GLOBAL) {
1177 				sym = NULL;
1178 				continue;
1179 			}
1180 #endif
1181 			break;
1182 		}
1183 		if (sym != NULL) {
1184 			kg->kg_sym = *sym;
1185 		} else {
1186 			error = ENOENT;
1187 		}
1188 		mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
1189 		kmem_free(str, len);
1190 		break;
1191 
1192 	case KIOCGSIZE:
1193 		/*
1194 		 * Get total size of symbol table.
1195 		 */
1196 		mutex_enter(&ksyms_lock);
1197 		*(int *)data = ksyms_strsz + ksyms_symsz +
1198 		    sizeof(struct ksyms_hdr);
1199 		mutex_exit(&ksyms_lock);
1200 		break;
1201 
1202 	default:
1203 		error = ENOTTY;
1204 		break;
1205 	}
1206 
1207 	return error;
1208 }
1209 
1210 const struct cdevsw ksyms_cdevsw = {
1211 	.d_open = ksymsopen,
1212 	.d_close = ksymsclose,
1213 	.d_read = ksymsread,
1214 	.d_write = ksymswrite,
1215 	.d_ioctl = ksymsioctl,
1216 	.d_stop = nullstop,
1217 	.d_tty = notty,
1218 	.d_poll = nopoll,
1219 	.d_mmap = nommap,
1220 	.d_kqfilter = nullkqfilter,
1221 	.d_discard = nodiscard,
1222 	.d_flag = D_OTHER | D_MPSAFE
1223 };
1224