xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/init_main.c (revision 62a8debe1dc62962e18a1c918def78666141273b)
1 /*	$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.418 2010/02/05 11:06:36 cegger Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
17  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
18  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
19  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
20  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
21  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
22  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
23  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
24  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
25  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
26  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993
31  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
32  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
33  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
34  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
35  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
36  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
37  *
38  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
40  * are met:
41  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
48  *    without specific prior written permission.
49  *
50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
51  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
52  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
53  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
54  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
55  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
56  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
57  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
58  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
59  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
60  * SUCH DAMAGE.
61  *
62  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
63  */
64 
65 /*
66  * Copyright (c) 1995 Christopher G. Demetriou.  All rights reserved.
67  *
68  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
69  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
70  * are met:
71  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
72  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
73  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
74  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
75  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
76  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
77  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
78  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
79  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
80  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
81  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
82  *    without specific prior written permission.
83  *
84  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
85  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
86  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
87  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
88  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
89  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
90  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
91  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
92  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
93  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
94  * SUCH DAMAGE.
95  *
96  *	@(#)init_main.c	8.16 (Berkeley) 5/14/95
97  */
98 
99 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
100 __KERNEL_RCSID(0, "$NetBSD: init_main.c,v 1.418 2010/02/05 11:06:36 cegger Exp $");
101 
102 #include "opt_ddb.h"
103 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
104 #include "opt_modular.h"
105 #include "opt_ntp.h"
106 #include "opt_pipe.h"
107 #include "opt_sa.h"
108 #include "opt_syscall_debug.h"
109 #include "opt_sysv.h"
110 #include "opt_fileassoc.h"
111 #include "opt_ktrace.h"
112 #include "opt_pax.h"
113 #include "opt_compat_netbsd.h"
114 #include "opt_wapbl.h"
115 #include "opt_ptrace.h"
116 
117 #include "drvctl.h"
118 #include "ksyms.h"
119 #include "rnd.h"
120 #include "sysmon_envsys.h"
121 #include "sysmon_power.h"
122 #include "sysmon_taskq.h"
123 #include "sysmon_wdog.h"
124 #include "veriexec.h"
125 
126 #include <sys/param.h>
127 #include <sys/acct.h>
128 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
129 #include <sys/file.h>
130 #include <sys/errno.h>
131 #include <sys/callout.h>
132 #include <sys/cpu.h>
133 #include <sys/spldebug.h>
134 #include <sys/kernel.h>
135 #include <sys/mount.h>
136 #include <sys/proc.h>
137 #include <sys/kthread.h>
138 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
139 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
140 #include <sys/systm.h>
141 #include <sys/vnode.h>
142 #include <sys/fstrans.h>
143 #include <sys/tty.h>
144 #include <sys/conf.h>
145 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
146 #include <sys/buf.h>
147 #include <sys/device.h>
148 #include <sys/exec.h>
149 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
150 #include <sys/protosw.h>
151 #include <sys/percpu.h>
152 #include <sys/pset.h>
153 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
154 #include <sys/reboot.h>
155 #include <sys/event.h>
156 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
157 #include <sys/sched.h>
158 #include <sys/sleepq.h>
159 #include <sys/iostat.h>
160 #include <sys/vmem.h>
161 #include <sys/uuid.h>
162 #include <sys/extent.h>
163 #include <sys/disk.h>
164 #include <sys/msgbuf.h>
165 #include <sys/module.h>
166 #include <sys/event.h>
167 #include <sys/lockf.h>
168 #include <sys/once.h>
169 #include <sys/ksyms.h>
170 #include <sys/uidinfo.h>
171 #include <sys/kprintf.h>
172 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
173 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
174 #endif
175 #ifdef SYSVSHM
176 #include <sys/shm.h>
177 #endif
178 #ifdef SYSVSEM
179 #include <sys/sem.h>
180 #endif
181 #ifdef SYSVMSG
182 #include <sys/msg.h>
183 #endif
184 #include <sys/domain.h>
185 #include <sys/namei.h>
186 #if NRND > 0
187 #include <sys/rnd.h>
188 #endif
189 #include <sys/pipe.h>
190 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
191 #include <sys/verified_exec.h>
192 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
193 #ifdef KTRACE
194 #include <sys/ktrace.h>
195 #endif
196 #include <sys/kauth.h>
197 #ifdef WAPBL
198 #include <sys/wapbl.h>
199 #endif
200 #ifdef KERN_SA
201 #include <sys/savar.h>
202 #endif
203 #include <net80211/ieee80211_netbsd.h>
204 #ifdef PTRACE
205 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
206 #endif /* PTRACE */
207 
208 #include <sys/syscall.h>
209 #include <sys/syscallargs.h>
210 
211 #if defined(PAX_MPROTECT) || defined(PAX_SEGVGUARD) || defined(PAX_ASLR)
212 #include <sys/pax.h>
213 #endif /* PAX_MPROTECT || PAX_SEGVGUARD || PAX_ASLR */
214 
215 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
216 
217 #include <miscfs/genfs/genfs.h>
218 #include <miscfs/syncfs/syncfs.h>
219 #include <miscfs/specfs/specdev.h>
220 
221 #include <sys/cpu.h>
222 
223 #include <uvm/uvm.h>
224 
225 #if NSYSMON_TASKQ > 0
226 #include <dev/sysmon/sysmon_taskq.h>
227 #endif
228 
229 #include <dev/cons.h>
230 
231 #if NSYSMON_ENVSYS > 0 || NSYSMON_POWER > 0 || NSYSMON_WDOG > 0
232 #include <dev/sysmon/sysmonvar.h>
233 #endif
234 
235 #include <net/bpf.h>
236 #include <net/if.h>
237 #include <net/raw_cb.h>
238 
239 #include <prop/proplib.h>
240 
241 #ifdef COMPAT_50
242 #include <compat/sys/time.h>
243 struct timeval50 boottime50;
244 #endif
245 
246 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
247 #include "opt_userconf.h"
248 #endif
249 #ifdef USERCONF
250 #include <sys/userconf.h>
251 #endif
252 
253 extern struct proc proc0;
254 extern struct lwp lwp0;
255 extern time_t rootfstime;
256 
257 #ifndef curlwp
258 struct	lwp *curlwp = &lwp0;
259 #endif
260 struct	proc *initproc;
261 
262 struct	vnode *rootvp, *swapdev_vp;
263 int	boothowto;
264 int	cold = 1;			/* still working on startup */
265 struct timespec boottime;	        /* time at system startup - will only follow settime deltas */
266 
267 int	start_init_exec;		/* semaphore for start_init() */
268 
269 static void check_console(struct lwp *l);
270 static void start_init(void *);
271 static void configure(void);
272 static void configure2(void);
273 void main(void);
274 
275 /*
276  * System startup; initialize the world, create process 0, mount root
277  * filesystem, and fork to create init and pagedaemon.  Most of the
278  * hard work is done in the lower-level initialization routines including
279  * startup(), which does memory initialization and autoconfiguration.
280  */
281 void
282 main(void)
283 {
284 	struct timespec time;
285 	struct lwp *l;
286 	struct proc *p;
287 	int s, error;
288 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
289 	int usevnodes;
290 #endif
291 	CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii;
292 	struct cpu_info *ci;
293 
294 	l = &lwp0;
295 #ifndef LWP0_CPU_INFO
296 	l->l_cpu = curcpu();
297 #endif
298 	l->l_pflag |= LP_RUNNING;
299 
300 	/*
301 	 * Attempt to find console and initialize
302 	 * in case of early panic or other messages.
303 	 */
304 	consinit();
305 
306 	kernel_lock_init();
307 	once_init();
308 	mutex_init(&cpu_lock, MUTEX_DEFAULT, IPL_NONE);
309 
310 	/* Initialize the device switch tables. */
311 	devsw_init();
312 
313 	uvm_init();
314 
315 	prop_kern_init();
316 
317 #if ((NKSYMS > 0) || (NDDB > 0) || (NMODULAR > 0))
318 	ksyms_init();
319 #endif
320 	kprintf_init();
321 
322 	percpu_init();
323 
324 	/* Initialize lock caches. */
325 	mutex_obj_init();
326 	rw_obj_init();
327 
328 	/* Initialize the extent manager. */
329 	extent_init();
330 
331 	/* Do machine-dependent initialization. */
332 	cpu_startup();
333 
334 	/* Initialize the sysctl subsystem. */
335 	sysctl_init();
336 
337 	/* Initialize callouts, part 1. */
338 	callout_startup();
339 
340 	/* Initialize the kernel authorization subsystem. */
341 	kauth_init();
342 
343 	spec_init();
344 
345 	/*
346 	 * Set BPF op vector.  Can't do this in bpf attach, since
347 	 * network drivers attach before bpf.
348 	 */
349 	bpf_setops();
350 
351 	/* Start module system. */
352 	module_init();
353 
354 	/*
355 	 * Initialize the kernel authorization subsystem and start the
356 	 * default security model, if any. We need to do this early
357 	 * enough so that subsystems relying on any of the aforementioned
358 	 * can work properly. Since the security model may dictate the
359 	 * credential inheritance policy, it is needed at least before
360 	 * any process is created, specifically proc0.
361 	 */
362 	module_init_class(MODULE_CLASS_SECMODEL);
363 
364 	/* Initialize the buffer cache */
365 	bufinit();
366 
367 	/* Initialize sockets. */
368 	soinit();
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * The following things must be done before autoconfiguration.
372 	 */
373 	evcnt_init();		/* initialize event counters */
374 #if NRND > 0
375 	rnd_init();		/* initialize random number generator */
376 #endif
377 
378 	/* Initialize process and pgrp structures. */
379 #ifdef KERN_SA
380 	sa_init();
381 #endif
382 	procinit();
383 	lwpinit();
384 
385 	/* Initialize signal-related data structures. */
386 	signal_init();
387 
388 	/* Initialize resource management. */
389 	resource_init();
390 
391 	/* Create process 0. */
392 	proc0_init();
393 
394 	/* Disable preemption during boot. */
395 	kpreempt_disable();
396 
397 	/* Initialize the UID hash table. */
398 	uid_init();
399 
400 	/* Charge root for one process. */
401 	(void)chgproccnt(0, 1);
402 
403 	/* Initialize timekeeping. */
404 	time_init();
405 
406 	/* Initialize the run queues, turnstiles and sleep queues. */
407 	sched_rqinit();
408 	turnstile_init();
409 	sleeptab_init(&sleeptab);
410 
411 	sched_init();
412 
413 	/* Initialize processor-sets */
414 	psets_init();
415 
416 	/* MI initialization of the boot cpu */
417 	error = mi_cpu_attach(curcpu());
418 	KASSERT(error == 0);
419 
420 	/* Initialize timekeeping, part 2. */
421 	time_init2();
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Initialize mbuf's.  Do this now because we might attempt to
425 	 * allocate mbufs or mbuf clusters during autoconfiguration.
426 	 */
427 	mbinit();
428 
429 	/* Initialize I/O statistics. */
430 	iostat_init();
431 
432 	/* Initialize the log device. */
433 	loginit();
434 
435 	/* Second part of module system initialization. */
436 	module_init2();
437 
438 	/* Initialize the file systems. */
439 #ifdef NVNODE_IMPLICIT
440 	/*
441 	 * If maximum number of vnodes in namei vnode cache is not explicitly
442 	 * defined in kernel config, adjust the number such as we use roughly
443 	 * 10% of memory for vnodes and associated data structures in the
444 	 * assumed worst case.  Do not provide fewer than NVNODE vnodes.
445 	 */
446 	usevnodes =
447 	    calc_cache_size(kernel_map, 10, VNODE_VA_MAXPCT) / VNODE_COST;
448 	if (usevnodes > desiredvnodes)
449 		desiredvnodes = usevnodes;
450 #endif
451 	vfsinit();
452 	lf_init();
453 
454 	/* Initialize fstrans. */
455 	fstrans_init();
456 
457 	/* Initialize the file descriptor system. */
458 	fd_sys_init();
459 
460 	/* Initialize cwd structures */
461 	cwd_sys_init();
462 
463 	/* Initialize kqueue. */
464 	kqueue_init();
465 
466 	/* Initialize the system monitor subsystems. */
467 #if NSYSMON_TASKQ > 0
468 	sysmon_task_queue_preinit();
469 #endif
470 
471 #if NSYSMON_ENVSYS > 0
472 	sysmon_envsys_init();
473 #endif
474 
475 #if NSYSMON_POWER > 0
476 	sysmon_power_init();
477 #endif
478 
479 #if NSYSMON_WDOG > 0
480 	sysmon_wdog_init();
481 #endif
482 
483 	inittimecounter();
484 	ntp_init();
485 
486 	/* Initialize tty subsystem. */
487 	tty_init();
488 	ttyldisc_init();
489 
490 	/* Initialize the buffer cache, part 2. */
491 	bufinit2();
492 
493 	/* Initialize the disk wedge subsystem. */
494 	dkwedge_init();
495 
496 	/* Initialize interfaces. */
497 	ifinit1();
498 
499 	spldebug_start();
500 
501 	/* Configure the system hardware.  This will enable interrupts. */
502 	configure();
503 
504 	ssp_init();
505 
506 	configure2();
507 	/* Now timer is working.  Enable preemption. */
508 	kpreempt_enable();
509 
510 	ubc_init();		/* must be after autoconfig */
511 
512 #ifdef SYSVSHM
513 	/* Initialize System V style shared memory. */
514 	shminit();
515 #endif
516 
517 	vmem_rehash_start();	/* must be before exec_init */
518 
519 	/* Initialize exec structures */
520 	exec_init(1);		/* seminit calls exithook_establish() */
521 
522 #ifdef SYSVSEM
523 	/* Initialize System V style semaphores. */
524 	seminit();
525 #endif
526 
527 #ifdef SYSVMSG
528 	/* Initialize System V style message queues. */
529 	msginit();
530 #endif
531 
532 #if NVERIEXEC > 0
533 	/*
534 	 * Initialise the Veriexec subsystem.
535 	 */
536 	veriexec_init();
537 #endif /* NVERIEXEC > 0 */
538 
539 #if defined(PAX_MPROTECT) || defined(PAX_SEGVGUARD) || defined(PAX_ASLR)
540 	pax_init();
541 #endif /* PAX_MPROTECT || PAX_SEGVGUARD || PAX_ASLR */
542 
543 #ifdef	FAST_IPSEC
544 	/* Attach network crypto subsystem */
545 	ipsec_attach();
546 #endif
547 
548 	/*
549 	 * Initialize protocols.  Block reception of incoming packets
550 	 * until everything is ready.
551 	 */
552 	s = splnet();
553 	ifinit();
554 	domaininit(true);
555 	if_attachdomain();
556 	splx(s);
557 
558 #ifdef GPROF
559 	/* Initialize kernel profiling. */
560 	kmstartup();
561 #endif
562 
563 	/* Initialize system accounting. */
564 	acct_init();
565 
566 #ifndef PIPE_SOCKETPAIR
567 	/* Initialize pipes. */
568 	pipe_init();
569 #endif
570 
571 #ifdef KTRACE
572 	/* Initialize ktrace. */
573 	ktrinit();
574 #endif
575 
576 #ifdef PTRACE
577 	/* Initialize ptrace. */
578 	ptrace_init();
579 #endif /* PTRACE */
580 
581 	/* Initialize the UUID system calls. */
582 	uuid_init();
583 
584 #ifdef WAPBL
585 	/* Initialize write-ahead physical block logging. */
586 	wapbl_init();
587 #endif
588 
589 	machdep_init();
590 
591 	/*
592 	 * Create process 1 (init(8)).  We do this now, as Unix has
593 	 * historically had init be process 1, and changing this would
594 	 * probably upset a lot of people.
595 	 *
596 	 * Note that process 1 won't immediately exec init(8), but will
597 	 * wait for us to inform it that the root file system has been
598 	 * mounted.
599 	 */
600 	if (fork1(l, 0, SIGCHLD, NULL, 0, start_init, NULL, NULL, &initproc))
601 		panic("fork init");
602 
603 	/*
604 	 * Load any remaining builtin modules, and hand back temporary
605 	 * storage to the VM system.
606 	 */
607 	module_init_class(MODULE_CLASS_ANY);
608 
609 	/*
610 	 * Finalize configuration now that all real devices have been
611 	 * found.  This needs to be done before the root device is
612 	 * selected, since finalization may create the root device.
613 	 */
614 	config_finalize();
615 
616 	sysctl_finalize();
617 
618 	/*
619 	 * Now that autoconfiguration has completed, we can determine
620 	 * the root and dump devices.
621 	 */
622 	cpu_rootconf();
623 	cpu_dumpconf();
624 
625 	/* Mount the root file system. */
626 	do {
627 		domountroothook(root_device);
628 		if ((error = vfs_mountroot())) {
629 			printf("cannot mount root, error = %d\n", error);
630 			boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
631 			setroot(root_device,
632 			    (rootdev != NODEV) ? DISKPART(rootdev) : 0);
633 		}
634 	} while (error != 0);
635 	mountroothook_destroy();
636 
637 	/*
638 	 * Initialise the time-of-day clock, passing the time recorded
639 	 * in the root filesystem (if any) for use by systems that
640 	 * don't have a non-volatile time-of-day device.
641 	 */
642 	inittodr(rootfstime);
643 
644 	/*
645 	 * Now can look at time, having had a chance to verify the time
646 	 * from the file system.  Reset l->l_rtime as it may have been
647 	 * munched in mi_switch() after the time got set.
648 	 */
649 	getnanotime(&time);
650 	boottime = time;
651 #ifdef COMPAT_50
652 	{
653 		struct timeval tv;
654 		TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL(&tv, &time);
655 		timeval_to_timeval50(&tv, &boottime50);
656 	}
657 #endif
658 	mutex_enter(proc_lock);
659 	LIST_FOREACH(p, &allproc, p_list) {
660 		KASSERT((p->p_flag & PK_MARKER) == 0);
661 		mutex_enter(p->p_lock);
662 		TIMESPEC_TO_TIMEVAL(&p->p_stats->p_start, &time);
663 		LIST_FOREACH(l, &p->p_lwps, l_sibling) {
664 			lwp_lock(l);
665 			memset(&l->l_rtime, 0, sizeof(l->l_rtime));
666 			lwp_unlock(l);
667 		}
668 		mutex_exit(p->p_lock);
669 	}
670 	mutex_exit(proc_lock);
671 	binuptime(&curlwp->l_stime);
672 
673 	for (CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci)) {
674 		ci->ci_schedstate.spc_lastmod = time_second;
675 	}
676 
677 	/* Create the pageout daemon kernel thread. */
678 	uvm_swap_init();
679 	if (kthread_create(PRI_PGDAEMON, KTHREAD_MPSAFE, NULL, uvm_pageout,
680 	    NULL, NULL, "pgdaemon"))
681 		panic("fork pagedaemon");
682 
683 	/* Create the filesystem syncer kernel thread. */
684 	if (kthread_create(PRI_IOFLUSH, KTHREAD_MPSAFE, NULL, sched_sync,
685 	    NULL, NULL, "ioflush"))
686 		panic("fork syncer");
687 
688 	/* Create the aiodone daemon kernel thread. */
689 	if (workqueue_create(&uvm.aiodone_queue, "aiodoned",
690 	    uvm_aiodone_worker, NULL, PRI_VM, IPL_NONE, WQ_MPSAFE))
691 		panic("fork aiodoned");
692 
693 	/*
694 	 * Okay, now we can let init(8) exec!  It's off to userland!
695 	 */
696 	mutex_enter(proc_lock);
697 	start_init_exec = 1;
698 	cv_broadcast(&lbolt);
699 	mutex_exit(proc_lock);
700 
701 	/* The scheduler is an infinite loop. */
702 	uvm_scheduler();
703 	/* NOTREACHED */
704 }
705 
706 /*
707  * Configure the system's hardware.
708  */
709 static void
710 configure(void)
711 {
712 
713 	/* Initialize autoconf data structures. */
714 	config_init_mi();
715 	/*
716 	 * XXX
717 	 * callout_setfunc() requires mutex(9) so it can't be in config_init()
718 	 * on amiga and atari which use config_init() and autoconf(9) fucntions
719 	 * to initialize console devices.
720 	 */
721 	config_twiddle_init();
722 
723 	pmf_init();
724 #if NDRVCTL > 0
725 	drvctl_init();
726 #endif
727 
728 #ifdef USERCONF
729 	if (boothowto & RB_USERCONF)
730 		user_config();
731 #endif
732 
733 	if ((boothowto & (AB_SILENT|AB_VERBOSE)) == AB_SILENT) {
734 		printf_nolog("Detecting hardware...");
735 	}
736 
737 	/*
738 	 * Do the machine-dependent portion of autoconfiguration.  This
739 	 * sets the configuration machinery here in motion by "finding"
740 	 * the root bus.  When this function returns, we expect interrupts
741 	 * to be enabled.
742 	 */
743 	cpu_configure();
744 }
745 
746 static void
747 configure2(void)
748 {
749 	CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii;
750 	struct cpu_info *ci;
751 	int s;
752 
753 	/*
754 	 * Now that we've found all the hardware, start the real time
755 	 * and statistics clocks.
756 	 */
757 	initclocks();
758 
759 	cold = 0;	/* clocks are running, we're warm now! */
760 	s = splsched();
761 	curcpu()->ci_schedstate.spc_flags |= SPCF_RUNNING;
762 	splx(s);
763 
764 	/* Boot the secondary processors. */
765 	for (CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci)) {
766 		uvm_cpu_attach(ci);
767 	}
768 	mp_online = true;
769 #if defined(MULTIPROCESSOR)
770 	cpu_boot_secondary_processors();
771 #endif
772 
773 	/* Setup the runqueues and scheduler. */
774 	runq_init();
775 	synch_init();
776 
777 	/*
778 	 * Bus scans can make it appear as if the system has paused, so
779 	 * twiddle constantly while config_interrupts() jobs are running.
780 	 */
781 	config_twiddle_fn(NULL);
782 
783 	/*
784 	 * Create threads to call back and finish configuration for
785 	 * devices that want interrupts enabled.
786 	 */
787 	config_create_interruptthreads();
788 
789 	/* Get the threads going and into any sleeps before continuing. */
790 	yield();
791 }
792 
793 static void
794 check_console(struct lwp *l)
795 {
796 	struct vnode *vp;
797 	int error;
798 
799 	error = namei_simple_kernel("/dev/console",
800 				NSM_FOLLOW_NOEMULROOT, &vp);
801 	if (error == 0)
802 		vrele(vp);
803 	else if (error == ENOENT)
804 		printf("warning: no /dev/console\n");
805 	else
806 		printf("warning: lookup /dev/console: error %d\n", error);
807 }
808 
809 /*
810  * List of paths to try when searching for "init".
811  */
812 static const char * const initpaths[] = {
813 	"/sbin/init",
814 	"/sbin/oinit",
815 	"/sbin/init.bak",
816 	NULL,
817 };
818 
819 /*
820  * Start the initial user process; try exec'ing each pathname in "initpaths".
821  * The program is invoked with one argument containing the boot flags.
822  */
823 static void
824 start_init(void *arg)
825 {
826 	struct lwp *l = arg;
827 	struct proc *p = l->l_proc;
828 	vaddr_t addr;
829 	struct sys_execve_args /* {
830 		syscallarg(const char *) path;
831 		syscallarg(char * const *) argp;
832 		syscallarg(char * const *) envp;
833 	} */ args;
834 	int options, i, error;
835 	register_t retval[2];
836 	char flags[4], *flagsp;
837 	const char *path, *slash;
838 	char *ucp, **uap, *arg0, *arg1 = NULL;
839 	char ipath[129];
840 	int ipx, len;
841 
842 	/*
843 	 * Now in process 1.
844 	 */
845 	strncpy(p->p_comm, "init", MAXCOMLEN);
846 
847 	/*
848 	 * Wait for main() to tell us that it's safe to exec.
849 	 */
850 	mutex_enter(proc_lock);
851 	while (start_init_exec == 0)
852 		cv_wait(&lbolt, proc_lock);
853 	mutex_exit(proc_lock);
854 
855 	/*
856 	 * This is not the right way to do this.  We really should
857 	 * hand-craft a descriptor onto /dev/console to hand to init,
858 	 * but that's a _lot_ more work, and the benefit from this easy
859 	 * hack makes up for the "good is the enemy of the best" effect.
860 	 */
861 	check_console(l);
862 
863 	/*
864 	 * Need just enough stack to hold the faked-up "execve()" arguments.
865 	 */
866 	addr = (vaddr_t)STACK_ALLOC(USRSTACK, PAGE_SIZE);
867 	if (uvm_map(&p->p_vmspace->vm_map, &addr, PAGE_SIZE,
868                     NULL, UVM_UNKNOWN_OFFSET, 0,
869                     UVM_MAPFLAG(UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_PROT_ALL, UVM_INH_COPY,
870 		    UVM_ADV_NORMAL,
871                     UVM_FLAG_FIXED|UVM_FLAG_OVERLAY|UVM_FLAG_COPYONW)) != 0)
872 		panic("init: couldn't allocate argument space");
873 	p->p_vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (void *)STACK_MAX(addr, PAGE_SIZE);
874 
875 	ipx = 0;
876 	while (1) {
877 		if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME) {
878 			printf("init path");
879 			if (initpaths[ipx])
880 				printf(" (default %s)", initpaths[ipx]);
881 			printf(": ");
882 			len = cngetsn(ipath, sizeof(ipath)-1);
883 			if (len == 4 && strcmp(ipath, "halt") == 0) {
884 				cpu_reboot(RB_HALT, NULL);
885 			} else if (len == 6 && strcmp(ipath, "reboot") == 0) {
886 				cpu_reboot(0, NULL);
887 #if defined(DDB)
888 			} else if (len == 3 && strcmp(ipath, "ddb") == 0) {
889 				console_debugger();
890 				continue;
891 #endif
892 			} else if (len > 0 && ipath[0] == '/') {
893 				ipath[len] = '\0';
894 				path = ipath;
895 			} else if (len == 0 && initpaths[ipx] != NULL) {
896 				path = initpaths[ipx++];
897 			} else {
898 				printf("use absolute path, ");
899 #if defined(DDB)
900 				printf("\"ddb\", ");
901 #endif
902 				printf("\"halt\", or \"reboot\"\n");
903 				continue;
904 			}
905 		} else {
906 			if ((path = initpaths[ipx++]) == NULL) {
907 				ipx = 0;
908 				boothowto |= RB_ASKNAME;
909 				continue;
910 			}
911 		}
912 
913 		ucp = (char *)USRSTACK;
914 
915 		/*
916 		 * Construct the boot flag argument.
917 		 */
918 		flagsp = flags;
919 		*flagsp++ = '-';
920 		options = 0;
921 
922 		if (boothowto & RB_SINGLE) {
923 			*flagsp++ = 's';
924 			options = 1;
925 		}
926 #ifdef notyet
927 		if (boothowto & RB_FASTBOOT) {
928 			*flagsp++ = 'f';
929 			options = 1;
930 		}
931 #endif
932 
933 		/*
934 		 * Move out the flags (arg 1), if necessary.
935 		 */
936 		if (options != 0) {
937 			*flagsp++ = '\0';
938 			i = flagsp - flags;
939 #ifdef DEBUG
940 			aprint_normal("init: copying out flags `%s' %d\n", flags, i);
941 #endif
942 			arg1 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
943 			ucp = STACK_MAX(arg1, i);
944 			(void)copyout((void *)flags, arg1, i);
945 		}
946 
947 		/*
948 		 * Move out the file name (also arg 0).
949 		 */
950 		i = strlen(path) + 1;
951 #ifdef DEBUG
952 		aprint_normal("init: copying out path `%s' %d\n", path, i);
953 #else
954 		if (boothowto & RB_ASKNAME || path != initpaths[0])
955 			printf("init: trying %s\n", path);
956 #endif
957 		arg0 = STACK_ALLOC(ucp, i);
958 		ucp = STACK_MAX(arg0, i);
959 		(void)copyout(path, arg0, i);
960 
961 		/*
962 		 * Move out the arg pointers.
963 		 */
964 		ucp = (void *)STACK_ALIGN(ucp, ALIGNBYTES);
965 		uap = (char **)STACK_ALLOC(ucp, sizeof(char *) * 3);
966 		SCARG(&args, path) = arg0;
967 		SCARG(&args, argp) = uap;
968 		SCARG(&args, envp) = NULL;
969 		slash = strrchr(path, '/');
970 		if (slash)
971 			(void)suword((void *)uap++,
972 			    (long)arg0 + (slash + 1 - path));
973 		else
974 			(void)suword((void *)uap++, (long)arg0);
975 		if (options != 0)
976 			(void)suword((void *)uap++, (long)arg1);
977 		(void)suword((void *)uap++, 0);	/* terminator */
978 
979 		/*
980 		 * Now try to exec the program.  If can't for any reason
981 		 * other than it doesn't exist, complain.
982 		 */
983 		error = sys_execve(l, &args, retval);
984 		if (error == 0 || error == EJUSTRETURN) {
985 			KERNEL_UNLOCK_LAST(l);
986 			return;
987 		}
988 		printf("exec %s: error %d\n", path, error);
989 	}
990 	printf("init: not found\n");
991 	panic("no init");
992 }
993 
994 /*
995  * calculate cache size from physmem and vm_map size.
996  */
997 vaddr_t
998 calc_cache_size(struct vm_map *map, int pct, int va_pct)
999 {
1000 	paddr_t t;
1001 
1002 	/* XXX should consider competing cache if any */
1003 	/* XXX should consider submaps */
1004 	t = (uintmax_t)physmem * pct / 100 * PAGE_SIZE;
1005 	if (map != NULL) {
1006 		vsize_t vsize;
1007 
1008 		vsize = vm_map_max(map) - vm_map_min(map);
1009 		vsize = (uintmax_t)vsize * va_pct / 100;
1010 		if (t > vsize) {
1011 			t = vsize;
1012 		}
1013 	}
1014 	return t;
1015 }
1016 
1017 /*
1018  * Print the system start up banner.
1019  *
1020  * - Print a limited banner if AB_SILENT.
1021  * - Always send normal banner to the log.
1022  */
1023 #define MEM_PBUFSIZE	sizeof("99999 MB")
1024 
1025 void
1026 banner(void)
1027 {
1028 	static char notice[] = " Notice: this software is "
1029 	    "protected by copyright";
1030 	char pbuf[81];
1031 	void (*pr)(const char *, ...);
1032 	int i;
1033 
1034 	if ((boothowto & AB_SILENT) != 0) {
1035 		snprintf(pbuf, sizeof(pbuf), "%s %s (%s)",
1036 		    ostype, osrelease, kernel_ident);
1037 		printf_nolog("%s", pbuf);
1038 		for (i = 80 - strlen(pbuf) - sizeof(notice); i > 0; i--)
1039 			printf(" ");
1040 		printf_nolog("%s\n", notice);
1041 		pr = aprint_normal;
1042 	} else {
1043 		pr = printf;
1044 	}
1045 
1046 	memset(pbuf, 0, sizeof(pbuf));
1047 	(*pr)("%s%s", copyright, version);
1048 	format_bytes(pbuf, MEM_PBUFSIZE, ctob((uint64_t)physmem));
1049 	(*pr)("total memory = %s\n", pbuf);
1050 	format_bytes(pbuf, MEM_PBUFSIZE, ctob((uint64_t)uvmexp.free));
1051 	(*pr)("avail memory = %s\n", pbuf);
1052 }
1053