xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/exec_elf.c (revision e89934bbf778a6d6d6894877c4da59d0c7835b0f)
1 /*	$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.88 2017/02/12 21:52:46 uwe Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2000, 2005, 2015 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Christos Zoulas and Maxime Villard.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1996 Christopher G. Demetriou
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
45  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
48  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
50  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
51  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
52  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
53  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
54  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
55  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
56  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
57  */
58 
59 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
60 __KERNEL_RCSID(1, "$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.88 2017/02/12 21:52:46 uwe Exp $");
61 
62 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
63 #include "opt_pax.h"
64 #endif /* _KERNEL_OPT */
65 
66 #include <sys/param.h>
67 #include <sys/proc.h>
68 #include <sys/kmem.h>
69 #include <sys/namei.h>
70 #include <sys/vnode.h>
71 #include <sys/exec.h>
72 #include <sys/exec_elf.h>
73 #include <sys/syscall.h>
74 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
75 #include <sys/mount.h>
76 #include <sys/stat.h>
77 #include <sys/kauth.h>
78 #include <sys/bitops.h>
79 
80 #include <sys/cpu.h>
81 #include <machine/reg.h>
82 
83 #include <compat/common/compat_util.h>
84 
85 #include <sys/pax.h>
86 #include <uvm/uvm_param.h>
87 
88 extern struct emul emul_netbsd;
89 
90 #define elf_check_header	ELFNAME(check_header)
91 #define elf_copyargs		ELFNAME(copyargs)
92 #define elf_load_interp		ELFNAME(load_interp)
93 #define elf_load_psection	ELFNAME(load_psection)
94 #define exec_elf_makecmds	ELFNAME2(exec,makecmds)
95 #define netbsd_elf_signature	ELFNAME2(netbsd,signature)
96 #define netbsd_elf_note       	ELFNAME2(netbsd,note)
97 #define netbsd_elf_probe	ELFNAME2(netbsd,probe)
98 #define	coredump		ELFNAMEEND(coredump)
99 #define	elf_free_emul_arg	ELFNAME(free_emul_arg)
100 
101 static int
102 elf_load_interp(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, char *,
103     struct exec_vmcmd_set *, u_long *, Elf_Addr *);
104 static void
105 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *, struct vnode *, const Elf_Phdr *,
106     Elf_Addr *, u_long *, int);
107 
108 int	netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, Elf_Ehdr *);
109 int	netbsd_elf_note(struct exec_package *, const Elf_Nhdr *, const char *,
110 	    const char *);
111 int	netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, void *, char *,
112 	    vaddr_t *);
113 
114 static void	elf_free_emul_arg(void *);
115 
116 #ifdef DEBUG_ELF
117 #define DPRINTF(a, ...)	printf("%s: " a "\n", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
118 #else
119 #define DPRINTF(a, ...)
120 #endif
121 
122 /* round up and down to page boundaries. */
123 #define	ELF_ROUND(a, b)		(((a) + (b) - 1) & ~((b) - 1))
124 #define	ELF_TRUNC(a, b)		((a) & ~((b) - 1))
125 
126 static void
127 elf_placedynexec(struct exec_package *epp, Elf_Ehdr *eh, Elf_Phdr *ph)
128 {
129 	Elf_Addr align, offset;
130 	int i;
131 
132 	for (align = i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
133 		if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD && ph[i].p_align > align)
134 			align = ph[i].p_align;
135 
136 	offset = (Elf_Addr)pax_aslr_exec_offset(epp, align);
137 	offset += epp->ep_vm_minaddr;
138 
139 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
140 		ph[i].p_vaddr += offset;
141 	epp->ep_entryoffset = offset;
142 	eh->e_entry += offset;
143 }
144 
145 /*
146  * Copy arguments onto the stack in the normal way, but add some
147  * extra information in case of dynamic binding.
148  */
149 int
150 elf_copyargs(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *pack,
151     struct ps_strings *arginfo, char **stackp, void *argp)
152 {
153 	size_t len, vlen;
154 	AuxInfo ai[ELF_AUX_ENTRIES], *a, *execname;
155 	struct elf_args *ap;
156 	int error;
157 
158 	if ((error = copyargs(l, pack, arginfo, stackp, argp)) != 0)
159 		return error;
160 
161 	a = ai;
162 	execname = NULL;
163 
164 	memset(ai, 0, sizeof(ai));
165 
166 	/*
167 	 * Push extra arguments on the stack needed by dynamically
168 	 * linked binaries
169 	 */
170 	if ((ap = (struct elf_args *)pack->ep_emul_arg)) {
171 		struct vattr *vap = pack->ep_vap;
172 
173 		a->a_type = AT_PHDR;
174 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phaddr;
175 		a++;
176 
177 		a->a_type = AT_PHENT;
178 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phentsize;
179 		a++;
180 
181 		a->a_type = AT_PHNUM;
182 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phnum;
183 		a++;
184 
185 		a->a_type = AT_PAGESZ;
186 		a->a_v = PAGE_SIZE;
187 		a++;
188 
189 		a->a_type = AT_BASE;
190 		a->a_v = ap->arg_interp;
191 		a++;
192 
193 		a->a_type = AT_FLAGS;
194 		a->a_v = 0;
195 		a++;
196 
197 		a->a_type = AT_ENTRY;
198 		a->a_v = ap->arg_entry;
199 		a++;
200 
201 		a->a_type = AT_EUID;
202 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISUID)
203 			a->a_v = vap->va_uid;
204 		else
205 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_geteuid(l->l_cred);
206 		a++;
207 
208 		a->a_type = AT_RUID;
209 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getuid(l->l_cred);
210 		a++;
211 
212 		a->a_type = AT_EGID;
213 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID)
214 			a->a_v = vap->va_gid;
215 		else
216 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_getegid(l->l_cred);
217 		a++;
218 
219 		a->a_type = AT_RGID;
220 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getgid(l->l_cred);
221 		a++;
222 
223 		a->a_type = AT_STACKBASE;
224 		a->a_v = l->l_proc->p_stackbase;
225 		a++;
226 
227 		if (pack->ep_path) {
228 			execname = a;
229 			a->a_type = AT_SUN_EXECNAME;
230 			a++;
231 		}
232 
233 		exec_free_emul_arg(pack);
234 	}
235 
236 	a->a_type = AT_NULL;
237 	a->a_v = 0;
238 	a++;
239 
240 	vlen = (a - ai) * sizeof(ai[0]);
241 
242 	KASSERT(vlen <= sizeof(ai));
243 
244 	if (execname) {
245 		char *path = pack->ep_path;
246 		execname->a_v = (uintptr_t)(*stackp + vlen);
247 		len = strlen(path) + 1;
248 		if ((error = copyout(path, (*stackp + vlen), len)) != 0)
249 			return error;
250 		len = ALIGN(len);
251 	} else
252 		len = 0;
253 
254 	if ((error = copyout(ai, *stackp, vlen)) != 0)
255 		return error;
256 	*stackp += vlen + len;
257 
258 	return 0;
259 }
260 
261 /*
262  * elf_check_header():
263  *
264  * Check header for validity; return 0 if ok, ENOEXEC if error
265  */
266 int
267 elf_check_header(Elf_Ehdr *eh)
268 {
269 
270 	if (memcmp(eh->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0 ||
271 	    eh->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS) {
272 		DPRINTF("bad magic %#x%x%x", eh->e_ident[0], eh->e_ident[1],
273 		    eh->e_ident[2]);
274 		return ENOEXEC;
275 	}
276 
277 	switch (eh->e_machine) {
278 
279 	ELFDEFNNAME(MACHDEP_ID_CASES)
280 
281 	default:
282 		DPRINTF("bad machine %#x", eh->e_machine);
283 		return ENOEXEC;
284 	}
285 
286 	if (ELF_EHDR_FLAGS_OK(eh) == 0) {
287 		DPRINTF("bad flags %#x", eh->e_flags);
288 		return ENOEXEC;
289 	}
290 
291 	if (eh->e_shnum > ELF_MAXSHNUM || eh->e_phnum > ELF_MAXPHNUM) {
292 		DPRINTF("bad shnum/phnum %#x/%#x", eh->e_shnum, eh->e_phnum);
293 		return ENOEXEC;
294 	}
295 
296 	return 0;
297 }
298 
299 /*
300  * elf_load_psection():
301  *
302  * Load a psection at the appropriate address
303  */
304 static void
305 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, struct vnode *vp,
306     const Elf_Phdr *ph, Elf_Addr *addr, u_long *size, int flags)
307 {
308 	u_long msize, psize, rm, rf;
309 	long diff, offset;
310 	int vmprot = 0;
311 
312 	/*
313 	 * If the user specified an address, then we load there.
314 	 */
315 	if (*addr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR))
316 		*addr = ph->p_vaddr;
317 
318 	if (ph->p_align > 1) {
319 		/*
320 		 * Make sure we are virtually aligned as we are supposed to be.
321 		 */
322 		diff = ph->p_vaddr - ELF_TRUNC(ph->p_vaddr, ph->p_align);
323 		KASSERT(*addr - diff == ELF_TRUNC(*addr, ph->p_align));
324 		/*
325 		 * But make sure to not map any pages before the start of the
326 		 * psection by limiting the difference to within a page.
327 		 */
328 		diff &= PAGE_MASK;
329 	} else
330 		diff = 0;
331 
332 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_R) ? VM_PROT_READ : 0;
333 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_W) ? VM_PROT_WRITE : 0;
334 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_X) ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : 0;
335 
336 	/*
337 	 * Adjust everything so it all starts on a page boundary.
338 	 */
339 	*addr -= diff;
340 	offset = ph->p_offset - diff;
341 	*size = ph->p_filesz + diff;
342 	msize = ph->p_memsz + diff;
343 
344 	if (ph->p_align >= PAGE_SIZE) {
345 		if ((ph->p_flags & PF_W) != 0) {
346 			/*
347 			 * Because the pagedvn pager can't handle zero fill
348 			 * of the last data page if it's not page aligned we
349 			 * map the last page readvn.
350 			 */
351 			psize = trunc_page(*size);
352 		} else {
353 			psize = round_page(*size);
354 		}
355 	} else {
356 		psize = *size;
357 	}
358 
359 	if (psize > 0) {
360 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, ph->p_align < PAGE_SIZE ?
361 		    vmcmd_map_readvn : vmcmd_map_pagedvn, psize, *addr, vp,
362 		    offset, vmprot, flags);
363 		flags &= VMCMD_RELATIVE;
364 	}
365 	if (psize < *size) {
366 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_readvn, *size - psize,
367 		    *addr + psize, vp, offset + psize, vmprot, flags);
368 	}
369 
370 	/*
371 	 * Check if we need to extend the size of the segment (does
372 	 * bss extend page the next page boundary)?
373 	 */
374 	rm = round_page(*addr + msize);
375 	rf = round_page(*addr + *size);
376 
377 	if (rm != rf) {
378 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero, rm - rf, rf, NULLVP,
379 		    0, vmprot, flags & VMCMD_RELATIVE);
380 		*size = msize;
381 	}
382 }
383 
384 /*
385  * elf_load_interp():
386  *
387  * Load an interpreter pointed to by path.
388  */
389 static int
390 elf_load_interp(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, char *path,
391     struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, u_long *entryoff, Elf_Addr *last)
392 {
393 	int error, i;
394 	struct vnode *vp;
395 	struct vattr attr;
396 	Elf_Ehdr eh;
397 	Elf_Phdr *ph = NULL;
398 	const Elf_Phdr *base_ph;
399 	const Elf_Phdr *last_ph;
400 	u_long phsize;
401 	Elf_Addr addr = *last;
402 	struct proc *p;
403 	bool use_topdown;
404 
405 	p = l->l_proc;
406 
407 	KASSERT(p->p_vmspace);
408 	KASSERT(p->p_vmspace != proc0.p_vmspace);
409 
410 #ifdef __USE_TOPDOWN_VM
411 	use_topdown = epp->ep_flags & EXEC_TOPDOWN_VM;
412 #else
413 	use_topdown = false;
414 #endif
415 
416 	/*
417 	 * 1. open file
418 	 * 2. read filehdr
419 	 * 3. map text, data, and bss out of it using VM_*
420 	 */
421 	vp = epp->ep_interp;
422 	if (vp == NULL) {
423 		error = emul_find_interp(l, epp, path);
424 		if (error != 0)
425 			return error;
426 		vp = epp->ep_interp;
427 	}
428 	/* We'll tidy this ourselves - otherwise we have locking issues */
429 	epp->ep_interp = NULL;
430 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
431 
432 	/*
433 	 * Similarly, if it's not marked as executable, or it's not a regular
434 	 * file, we don't allow it to be used.
435 	 */
436 	if (vp->v_type != VREG) {
437 		error = EACCES;
438 		goto badunlock;
439 	}
440 	if ((error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, l->l_cred)) != 0)
441 		goto badunlock;
442 
443 	/* get attributes */
444 	if ((error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &attr, l->l_cred)) != 0)
445 		goto badunlock;
446 
447 	/*
448 	 * Check mount point.  Though we're not trying to exec this binary,
449 	 * we will be executing code from it, so if the mount point
450 	 * disallows execution or set-id-ness, we punt or kill the set-id.
451 	 */
452 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) {
453 		error = EACCES;
454 		goto badunlock;
455 	}
456 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID)
457 		epp->ep_vap->va_mode &= ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
458 
459 	error = vn_marktext(vp);
460 	if (error)
461 		goto badunlock;
462 
463 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
464 
465 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, 0, &eh, sizeof(eh))) != 0)
466 		goto bad;
467 
468 	if ((error = elf_check_header(&eh)) != 0)
469 		goto bad;
470 	if (eh.e_type != ET_DYN || eh.e_phnum == 0) {
471 		DPRINTF("bad interpreter type %#x", eh.e_type);
472 		error = ENOEXEC;
473 		goto bad;
474 	}
475 
476 	phsize = eh.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
477 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
478 
479 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, eh.e_phoff, ph, phsize)) != 0)
480 		goto bad;
481 
482 #ifdef ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE
483 	/*
484 	 * Evil hack:  Only MIPS should be non-relocatable, and the
485 	 * psections should have a high address (typically 0x5ffe0000).
486 	 * If it's now relocatable, it should be linked at 0 and the
487 	 * psections should have zeros in the upper part of the address.
488 	 * Otherwise, force the load at the linked address.
489 	 */
490 	if (*last == ELF_LINK_ADDR && (ph->p_vaddr & 0xffff0000) == 0)
491 		*last = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
492 #endif
493 
494 	/*
495 	 * If no position to load the interpreter was set by a probe
496 	 * function, pick the same address that a non-fixed mmap(0, ..)
497 	 * would (i.e. something safely out of the way).
498 	 */
499 	if (*last == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
500 		u_long limit = 0;
501 		/*
502 		 * Find the start and ending addresses of the psections to
503 		 * be loaded.  This will give us the size.
504 		 */
505 		for (i = 0, base_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum; i++) {
506 			if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD) {
507 				u_long psize = ph[i].p_vaddr + ph[i].p_memsz;
508 				if (base_ph == NULL)
509 					base_ph = &ph[i];
510 				if (psize > limit)
511 					limit = psize;
512 			}
513 		}
514 
515 		if (base_ph == NULL) {
516 			DPRINTF("no interpreter loadable sections");
517 			error = ENOEXEC;
518 			goto bad;
519 		}
520 
521 		/*
522 		 * Now compute the size and load address.
523 		 */
524 		addr = (*epp->ep_esch->es_emul->e_vm_default_addr)(p,
525 		    epp->ep_daddr,
526 		    round_page(limit) - trunc_page(base_ph->p_vaddr),
527 		    use_topdown);
528 		addr += (Elf_Addr)pax_aslr_rtld_offset(epp, base_ph->p_align,
529 		    use_topdown);
530 	} else {
531 		addr = *last; /* may be ELF_LINK_ADDR */
532 	}
533 
534 	/*
535 	 * Load all the necessary sections
536 	 */
537 	for (i = 0, base_ph = NULL, last_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum; i++) {
538 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
539 		case PT_LOAD: {
540 			u_long size;
541 			int flags;
542 
543 			if (base_ph == NULL) {
544 				/*
545 				 * First encountered psection is always the
546 				 * base psection.  Make sure it's aligned
547 				 * properly (align down for topdown and align
548 				 * upwards for not topdown).
549 				 */
550 				base_ph = &ph[i];
551 				flags = VMCMD_BASE;
552 				if (addr == ELF_LINK_ADDR)
553 					addr = ph[i].p_vaddr;
554 				if (use_topdown)
555 					addr = ELF_TRUNC(addr, ph[i].p_align);
556 				else
557 					addr = ELF_ROUND(addr, ph[i].p_align);
558 			} else {
559 				u_long limit = round_page(last_ph->p_vaddr
560 				    + last_ph->p_memsz);
561 				u_long base = trunc_page(ph[i].p_vaddr);
562 
563 				/*
564 				 * If there is a gap in between the psections,
565 				 * map it as inaccessible so nothing else
566 				 * mmap'ed will be placed there.
567 				 */
568 				if (limit != base) {
569 					NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero,
570 					    base - limit,
571 					    limit - base_ph->p_vaddr, NULLVP,
572 					    0, VM_PROT_NONE, VMCMD_RELATIVE);
573 				}
574 
575 				addr = ph[i].p_vaddr - base_ph->p_vaddr;
576 				flags = VMCMD_RELATIVE;
577 			}
578 			last_ph = &ph[i];
579 			elf_load_psection(vcset, vp, &ph[i], &addr,
580 			    &size, flags);
581 			/*
582 			 * If entry is within this psection then this
583 			 * must contain the .text section.  *entryoff is
584 			 * relative to the base psection.
585 			 */
586 			if (eh.e_entry >= ph[i].p_vaddr &&
587 			    eh.e_entry < (ph[i].p_vaddr + size)) {
588 				*entryoff = eh.e_entry - base_ph->p_vaddr;
589 			}
590 			addr += size;
591 			break;
592 		}
593 
594 		default:
595 			break;
596 		}
597 	}
598 
599 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
600 	/*
601 	 * This value is ignored if TOPDOWN.
602 	 */
603 	*last = addr;
604 	vrele(vp);
605 	return 0;
606 
607 badunlock:
608 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
609 
610 bad:
611 	if (ph != NULL)
612 		kmem_free(ph, phsize);
613 	vrele(vp);
614 	return error;
615 }
616 
617 /*
618  * exec_elf_makecmds(): Prepare an Elf binary's exec package
619  *
620  * First, set of the various offsets/lengths in the exec package.
621  *
622  * Then, mark the text image busy (so it can be demand paged) or error
623  * out if this is not possible.  Finally, set up vmcmds for the
624  * text, data, bss, and stack segments.
625  */
626 int
627 exec_elf_makecmds(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp)
628 {
629 	Elf_Ehdr *eh = epp->ep_hdr;
630 	Elf_Phdr *ph, *pp;
631 	Elf_Addr phdr = 0, computed_phdr = 0, pos = 0, end_text = 0;
632 	int error, i;
633 	char *interp = NULL;
634 	u_long phsize;
635 	struct elf_args *ap;
636 	bool is_dyn = false;
637 
638 	if (epp->ep_hdrvalid < sizeof(Elf_Ehdr)) {
639 		DPRINTF("small header %#x", epp->ep_hdrvalid);
640 		return ENOEXEC;
641 	}
642 	if ((error = elf_check_header(eh)) != 0)
643 		return error;
644 
645 	if (eh->e_type == ET_DYN)
646 		/* PIE, and some libs have an entry point */
647 		is_dyn = true;
648 	else if (eh->e_type != ET_EXEC) {
649 		DPRINTF("bad type %#x", eh->e_type);
650 		return ENOEXEC;
651 	}
652 
653 	if (eh->e_phnum == 0) {
654 		DPRINTF("no program headers");
655 		return ENOEXEC;
656 	}
657 
658 	error = vn_marktext(epp->ep_vp);
659 	if (error)
660 		return error;
661 
662 	/*
663 	 * Allocate space to hold all the program headers, and read them
664 	 * from the file
665 	 */
666 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
667 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
668 
669 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize)) !=
670 	    0)
671 		goto bad;
672 
673 	epp->ep_taddr = epp->ep_tsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
674 	epp->ep_daddr = epp->ep_dsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
675 
676 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
677 		pp = &ph[i];
678 		if (pp->p_type == PT_INTERP) {
679 			if (pp->p_filesz < 2 || pp->p_filesz > MAXPATHLEN) {
680 				DPRINTF("bad interpreter namelen %#jx",
681 				    (uintmax_t)pp->p_filesz);
682 				error = ENOEXEC;
683 				goto bad;
684 			}
685 			interp = PNBUF_GET();
686 			if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp,
687 			    pp->p_offset, interp, pp->p_filesz)) != 0)
688 				goto bad;
689 			/* Ensure interp is NUL-terminated and of the expected length */
690 			if (strnlen(interp, pp->p_filesz) != pp->p_filesz - 1) {
691 				DPRINTF("bad interpreter name");
692 				error = ENOEXEC;
693 				goto bad;
694 			}
695 			break;
696 		}
697 	}
698 
699 	/*
700 	 * On the same architecture, we may be emulating different systems.
701 	 * See which one will accept this executable.
702 	 *
703 	 * Probe functions would normally see if the interpreter (if any)
704 	 * exists. Emulation packages may possibly replace the interpreter in
705 	 * interp with a changed path (/emul/xxx/<path>).
706 	 */
707 	pos = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
708 	if (epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func) {
709 		vaddr_t startp = (vaddr_t)pos;
710 
711 		error = (*epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func)(l, epp, eh, interp,
712 							  &startp);
713 		if (error)
714 			goto bad;
715 		pos = (Elf_Addr)startp;
716 	}
717 
718 	if (is_dyn)
719 		elf_placedynexec(epp, eh, ph);
720 
721 	/*
722 	 * Load all the necessary sections
723 	 */
724 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
725 		Elf_Addr addr = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
726 		u_long size = 0;
727 
728 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
729 		case PT_LOAD:
730 			elf_load_psection(&epp->ep_vmcmds, epp->ep_vp,
731 			    &ph[i], &addr, &size, VMCMD_FIXED);
732 
733 			/*
734 			 * Consider this as text segment, if it is executable.
735 			 * If there is more than one text segment, pick the
736 			 * largest.
737 			 */
738 			if (ph[i].p_flags & PF_X) {
739 				if (epp->ep_taddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR) ||
740 				    size > epp->ep_tsize) {
741 					epp->ep_taddr = addr;
742 					epp->ep_tsize = size;
743 				}
744 				end_text = addr + size;
745 			} else {
746 				epp->ep_daddr = addr;
747 				epp->ep_dsize = size;
748 			}
749 			if (ph[i].p_offset == 0) {
750 				computed_phdr = ph[i].p_vaddr + eh->e_phoff;
751 			}
752 			break;
753 
754 		case PT_SHLIB:
755 			/* SCO has these sections. */
756 		case PT_INTERP:
757 			/* Already did this one. */
758 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
759 		case PT_NOTE:
760 			break;
761 		case PT_PHDR:
762 			/* Note address of program headers (in text segment) */
763 			phdr = ph[i].p_vaddr;
764 			break;
765 
766 		default:
767 			/*
768 			 * Not fatal; we don't need to understand everything.
769 			 */
770 			break;
771 		}
772 	}
773 
774 	if (epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used == 0) {
775 		/* No VMCMD; there was no PT_LOAD section, or those
776 		 * sections were empty */
777 		DPRINTF("no vmcommands");
778 		error = ENOEXEC;
779 		goto bad;
780 	}
781 
782 	if (epp->ep_daddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
783 		epp->ep_daddr = round_page(end_text);
784 		epp->ep_dsize = 0;
785 	}
786 
787 	/*
788 	 * Check if we found a dynamically linked binary and arrange to load
789 	 * its interpreter
790 	 */
791 	if (interp) {
792 		u_int nused = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used;
793 		u_long interp_offset = 0;
794 
795 		if ((error = elf_load_interp(l, epp, interp,
796 		    &epp->ep_vmcmds, &interp_offset, &pos)) != 0) {
797 			goto bad;
798 		}
799 		if (epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used == nused) {
800 			/* elf_load_interp() has not set up any new VMCMD */
801 			DPRINTF("no vmcommands for interpreter");
802 			error = ENOEXEC;
803 			goto bad;
804 		}
805 
806 		ap = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*ap), KM_SLEEP);
807 		ap->arg_interp = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_cmds[nused].ev_addr;
808 		epp->ep_entryoffset = interp_offset;
809 		epp->ep_entry = ap->arg_interp + interp_offset;
810 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
811 		interp = NULL;
812 	} else {
813 		epp->ep_entry = eh->e_entry;
814 		if (epp->ep_flags & EXEC_FORCEAUX) {
815 			ap = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*ap), KM_SLEEP);
816 			ap->arg_interp = (vaddr_t)NULL;
817 		} else
818 			ap = NULL;
819 	}
820 
821 	if (ap) {
822 		ap->arg_phaddr = phdr ? phdr : computed_phdr;
823 		ap->arg_phentsize = eh->e_phentsize;
824 		ap->arg_phnum = eh->e_phnum;
825 		ap->arg_entry = eh->e_entry;
826 		epp->ep_emul_arg = ap;
827 		epp->ep_emul_arg_free = elf_free_emul_arg;
828 	}
829 
830 #ifdef ELF_MAP_PAGE_ZERO
831 	/* Dell SVR4 maps page zero, yeuch! */
832 	NEW_VMCMD(&epp->ep_vmcmds, vmcmd_map_readvn, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
833 	    epp->ep_vp, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
834 #endif
835 
836 	error = (*epp->ep_esch->es_setup_stack)(l, epp);
837 	if (error)
838 		goto bad;
839 
840 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
841 	return 0;
842 
843 bad:
844 	if (interp)
845 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
846 	exec_free_emul_arg(epp);
847 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
848 	kill_vmcmds(&epp->ep_vmcmds);
849 	return error;
850 }
851 
852 int
853 netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp,
854     Elf_Ehdr *eh)
855 {
856 	size_t i;
857 	Elf_Phdr *ph;
858 	size_t phsize;
859 	char *nbuf;
860 	int error;
861 	int isnetbsd = 0;
862 
863 	epp->ep_pax_flags = 0;
864 
865 	if (eh->e_phnum > ELF_MAXPHNUM || eh->e_phnum == 0) {
866 		DPRINTF("no signature %#x", eh->e_phnum);
867 		return ENOEXEC;
868 	}
869 
870 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
871 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
872 	error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize);
873 	if (error)
874 		goto out;
875 
876 	nbuf = kmem_alloc(ELF_MAXNOTESIZE, KM_SLEEP);
877 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
878 		const char *nptr;
879 		size_t nlen;
880 
881 		if (ph[i].p_type != PT_NOTE ||
882 		    ph[i].p_filesz > ELF_MAXNOTESIZE)
883 			continue;
884 
885 		nlen = ph[i].p_filesz;
886 		error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, ph[i].p_offset,
887 				       nbuf, nlen);
888 		if (error)
889 			continue;
890 
891 		nptr = nbuf;
892 		while (nlen > 0) {
893 			const Elf_Nhdr *np;
894 			const char *ndata, *ndesc;
895 
896 			/* note header */
897 			np = (const Elf_Nhdr *)nptr;
898 			if (nlen < sizeof(*np)) {
899 				break;
900 			}
901 			nptr += sizeof(*np);
902 			nlen -= sizeof(*np);
903 
904 			/* note name */
905 			ndata = nptr;
906 			if (nlen < roundup(np->n_namesz, 4)) {
907 				break;
908 			}
909 			nptr += roundup(np->n_namesz, 4);
910 			nlen -= roundup(np->n_namesz, 4);
911 
912 			/* note description */
913 			ndesc = nptr;
914 			if (nlen < roundup(np->n_descsz, 4)) {
915 				break;
916 			}
917 			nptr += roundup(np->n_descsz, 4);
918 			nlen -= roundup(np->n_descsz, 4);
919 
920 			isnetbsd |= netbsd_elf_note(epp, np, ndata, ndesc);
921 		}
922 	}
923 	kmem_free(nbuf, ELF_MAXNOTESIZE);
924 
925 	error = isnetbsd ? 0 : ENOEXEC;
926 #ifdef DEBUG_ELF
927 	if (error)
928 		DPRINTF("not netbsd");
929 #endif
930 out:
931 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
932 	return error;
933 }
934 
935 int
936 netbsd_elf_note(struct exec_package *epp,
937 		const Elf_Nhdr *np, const char *ndata, const char *ndesc)
938 {
939 	int isnetbsd = 0;
940 
941 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
942 	const char *badnote;
943 #define BADNOTE(n) badnote = (n)
944 #else
945 #define BADNOTE(n)
946 #endif
947 
948 	switch (np->n_type) {
949 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_NETBSD_TAG:
950 		/* It is us */
951 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ &&
952 		    np->n_descsz == ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ &&
953 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAME,
954 		    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ) == 0) {
955 			memcpy(&epp->ep_osversion, ndesc,
956 			    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ);
957 			isnetbsd = 1;
958 			break;
959 		}
960 
961 		/*
962 		 * Ignore SuSE tags; SuSE's n_type is the same the
963 		 * NetBSD one.
964 		 */
965 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAMESZ &&
966 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAME,
967 		    ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAMESZ) == 0)
968 			break;
969 		/*
970 		 * Ignore old GCC
971 		 */
972 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAMESZ &&
973 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAME,
974 		    ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAMESZ) == 0)
975 			break;
976 		BADNOTE("NetBSD tag");
977 		goto bad;
978 
979 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_PAX_TAG:
980 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ &&
981 		    np->n_descsz == ELF_NOTE_PAX_DESCSZ &&
982 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAME,
983 		    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ) == 0) {
984 			uint32_t flags;
985 			memcpy(&flags, ndesc, sizeof(flags));
986 			/* Convert the flags and insert them into
987 			 * the exec package. */
988 			pax_setup_elf_flags(epp, flags);
989 			break;
990 		}
991 		BADNOTE("PaX tag");
992 		goto bad;
993 
994 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_MARCH_TAG:
995 		/* Copy the machine arch into the package. */
996 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAMESZ
997 		    && memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAME,
998 			    ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAMESZ) == 0) {
999 			/* Do not truncate the buffer */
1000 			if (np->n_descsz > sizeof(epp->ep_machine_arch)) {
1001 				BADNOTE("description size limit");
1002 				goto bad;
1003 			}
1004 			/*
1005 			 * Ensure ndesc is NUL-terminated and of the
1006 			 * expected length.
1007 			 */
1008 			if (strnlen(ndesc, np->n_descsz) + 1 !=
1009 			    np->n_descsz) {
1010 				BADNOTE("description size");
1011 				goto bad;
1012 			}
1013 			strlcpy(epp->ep_machine_arch, ndesc,
1014 			    sizeof(epp->ep_machine_arch));
1015 			break;
1016 		}
1017 		BADNOTE("march tag");
1018 		goto bad;
1019 
1020 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_MCMODEL_TAG:
1021 		/* arch specific check for code model */
1022 #ifdef ELF_MD_MCMODEL_CHECK
1023 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAMESZ
1024 		    && memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAME,
1025 			    ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAMESZ) == 0) {
1026 			ELF_MD_MCMODEL_CHECK(epp, ndesc, np->n_descsz);
1027 			break;
1028 		}
1029 		BADNOTE("mcmodel tag");
1030 		goto bad;
1031 #endif
1032 		break;
1033 
1034 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_SUSE_VERSION_TAG:
1035 		break;
1036 
1037 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_GO_BUILDID_TAG:
1038 		break;
1039 
1040 	default:
1041 		BADNOTE("unknown tag");
1042 bad:
1043 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1044 		/* Ignore GNU tags */
1045 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ &&
1046 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAME,
1047 		    ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ) == 0)
1048 		    break;
1049 
1050 		int ns = (int)np->n_namesz;
1051 		printf("%s: Unknown elf note type %d (%s): "
1052 		    "[namesz=%d, descsz=%d name=%-*.*s]\n",
1053 		    epp->ep_kname, np->n_type, badnote, np->n_namesz,
1054 		    np->n_descsz, ns, ns, ndata);
1055 #endif
1056 		break;
1057 	}
1058 
1059 	return isnetbsd;
1060 }
1061 
1062 int
1063 netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, void *eh, char *itp,
1064     vaddr_t *pos)
1065 {
1066 	int error;
1067 
1068 	if ((error = netbsd_elf_signature(l, epp, eh)) != 0)
1069 		return error;
1070 #ifdef ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC
1071 	if ((error = ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC(l, epp, eh, itp, pos)) != 0)
1072 		return error;
1073 #elif defined(ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE)
1074 	*pos = ELF_LINK_ADDR;
1075 #endif
1076 	epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_FORCEAUX;
1077 	return 0;
1078 }
1079 
1080 void
1081 elf_free_emul_arg(void *arg)
1082 {
1083 	struct elf_args *ap = arg;
1084 	KASSERT(ap != NULL);
1085 	kmem_free(ap, sizeof(*ap));
1086 }
1087