xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/exec_elf.c (revision 7e30e94394d0994ab9534f68a8f91665045c91ce)
1 /*	$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.89 2017/02/18 01:29:09 chs Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2000, 2005, 2015 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Christos Zoulas and Maxime Villard.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1996 Christopher G. Demetriou
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
45  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
48  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
50  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
51  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
52  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
53  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
54  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
55  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
56  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
57  */
58 
59 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
60 __KERNEL_RCSID(1, "$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.89 2017/02/18 01:29:09 chs Exp $");
61 
62 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
63 #include "opt_pax.h"
64 #endif /* _KERNEL_OPT */
65 
66 #include <sys/param.h>
67 #include <sys/proc.h>
68 #include <sys/kmem.h>
69 #include <sys/namei.h>
70 #include <sys/vnode.h>
71 #include <sys/exec.h>
72 #include <sys/exec_elf.h>
73 #include <sys/syscall.h>
74 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
75 #include <sys/mount.h>
76 #include <sys/stat.h>
77 #include <sys/kauth.h>
78 #include <sys/bitops.h>
79 
80 #include <sys/cpu.h>
81 #include <machine/reg.h>
82 
83 #include <compat/common/compat_util.h>
84 
85 #include <sys/pax.h>
86 #include <uvm/uvm_param.h>
87 
88 extern struct emul emul_netbsd;
89 
90 #define elf_check_header	ELFNAME(check_header)
91 #define elf_copyargs		ELFNAME(copyargs)
92 #define elf_load_interp		ELFNAME(load_interp)
93 #define elf_load_psection	ELFNAME(load_psection)
94 #define exec_elf_makecmds	ELFNAME2(exec,makecmds)
95 #define netbsd_elf_signature	ELFNAME2(netbsd,signature)
96 #define netbsd_elf_note       	ELFNAME2(netbsd,note)
97 #define netbsd_elf_probe	ELFNAME2(netbsd,probe)
98 #define	coredump		ELFNAMEEND(coredump)
99 #define	elf_free_emul_arg	ELFNAME(free_emul_arg)
100 
101 static int
102 elf_load_interp(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, char *,
103     struct exec_vmcmd_set *, u_long *, Elf_Addr *);
104 static void
105 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *, struct vnode *, const Elf_Phdr *,
106     Elf_Addr *, u_long *, int);
107 
108 int	netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, Elf_Ehdr *);
109 int	netbsd_elf_note(struct exec_package *, const Elf_Nhdr *, const char *,
110 	    const char *);
111 int	netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, void *, char *,
112 	    vaddr_t *);
113 
114 static void	elf_free_emul_arg(void *);
115 
116 #ifdef DEBUG_ELF
117 #define DPRINTF(a, ...)	printf("%s: " a "\n", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
118 #else
119 #define DPRINTF(a, ...)
120 #endif
121 
122 /* round up and down to page boundaries. */
123 #define	ELF_ROUND(a, b)		(((a) + (b) - 1) & ~((b) - 1))
124 #define	ELF_TRUNC(a, b)		((a) & ~((b) - 1))
125 
126 static void
127 elf_placedynexec(struct exec_package *epp, Elf_Ehdr *eh, Elf_Phdr *ph)
128 {
129 	Elf_Addr align, offset;
130 	int i;
131 
132 	for (align = i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
133 		if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD && ph[i].p_align > align)
134 			align = ph[i].p_align;
135 
136 	offset = (Elf_Addr)pax_aslr_exec_offset(epp, align);
137 	if (offset < epp->ep_vm_minaddr)
138 		offset = roundup(epp->ep_vm_minaddr, align);
139 	KASSERT((offset & (align - 1)) == 0);
140 
141 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
142 		ph[i].p_vaddr += offset;
143 	epp->ep_entryoffset = offset;
144 	eh->e_entry += offset;
145 }
146 
147 /*
148  * Copy arguments onto the stack in the normal way, but add some
149  * extra information in case of dynamic binding.
150  */
151 int
152 elf_copyargs(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *pack,
153     struct ps_strings *arginfo, char **stackp, void *argp)
154 {
155 	size_t len, vlen;
156 	AuxInfo ai[ELF_AUX_ENTRIES], *a, *execname;
157 	struct elf_args *ap;
158 	int error;
159 
160 	if ((error = copyargs(l, pack, arginfo, stackp, argp)) != 0)
161 		return error;
162 
163 	a = ai;
164 	execname = NULL;
165 
166 	memset(ai, 0, sizeof(ai));
167 
168 	/*
169 	 * Push extra arguments on the stack needed by dynamically
170 	 * linked binaries
171 	 */
172 	if ((ap = (struct elf_args *)pack->ep_emul_arg)) {
173 		struct vattr *vap = pack->ep_vap;
174 
175 		a->a_type = AT_PHDR;
176 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phaddr;
177 		a++;
178 
179 		a->a_type = AT_PHENT;
180 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phentsize;
181 		a++;
182 
183 		a->a_type = AT_PHNUM;
184 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phnum;
185 		a++;
186 
187 		a->a_type = AT_PAGESZ;
188 		a->a_v = PAGE_SIZE;
189 		a++;
190 
191 		a->a_type = AT_BASE;
192 		a->a_v = ap->arg_interp;
193 		a++;
194 
195 		a->a_type = AT_FLAGS;
196 		a->a_v = 0;
197 		a++;
198 
199 		a->a_type = AT_ENTRY;
200 		a->a_v = ap->arg_entry;
201 		a++;
202 
203 		a->a_type = AT_EUID;
204 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISUID)
205 			a->a_v = vap->va_uid;
206 		else
207 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_geteuid(l->l_cred);
208 		a++;
209 
210 		a->a_type = AT_RUID;
211 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getuid(l->l_cred);
212 		a++;
213 
214 		a->a_type = AT_EGID;
215 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID)
216 			a->a_v = vap->va_gid;
217 		else
218 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_getegid(l->l_cred);
219 		a++;
220 
221 		a->a_type = AT_RGID;
222 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getgid(l->l_cred);
223 		a++;
224 
225 		a->a_type = AT_STACKBASE;
226 		a->a_v = l->l_proc->p_stackbase;
227 		a++;
228 
229 		if (pack->ep_path) {
230 			execname = a;
231 			a->a_type = AT_SUN_EXECNAME;
232 			a++;
233 		}
234 
235 		exec_free_emul_arg(pack);
236 	}
237 
238 	a->a_type = AT_NULL;
239 	a->a_v = 0;
240 	a++;
241 
242 	vlen = (a - ai) * sizeof(ai[0]);
243 
244 	KASSERT(vlen <= sizeof(ai));
245 
246 	if (execname) {
247 		char *path = pack->ep_path;
248 		execname->a_v = (uintptr_t)(*stackp + vlen);
249 		len = strlen(path) + 1;
250 		if ((error = copyout(path, (*stackp + vlen), len)) != 0)
251 			return error;
252 		len = ALIGN(len);
253 	} else
254 		len = 0;
255 
256 	if ((error = copyout(ai, *stackp, vlen)) != 0)
257 		return error;
258 	*stackp += vlen + len;
259 
260 	return 0;
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * elf_check_header():
265  *
266  * Check header for validity; return 0 if ok, ENOEXEC if error
267  */
268 int
269 elf_check_header(Elf_Ehdr *eh)
270 {
271 
272 	if (memcmp(eh->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0 ||
273 	    eh->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS) {
274 		DPRINTF("bad magic %#x%x%x", eh->e_ident[0], eh->e_ident[1],
275 		    eh->e_ident[2]);
276 		return ENOEXEC;
277 	}
278 
279 	switch (eh->e_machine) {
280 
281 	ELFDEFNNAME(MACHDEP_ID_CASES)
282 
283 	default:
284 		DPRINTF("bad machine %#x", eh->e_machine);
285 		return ENOEXEC;
286 	}
287 
288 	if (ELF_EHDR_FLAGS_OK(eh) == 0) {
289 		DPRINTF("bad flags %#x", eh->e_flags);
290 		return ENOEXEC;
291 	}
292 
293 	if (eh->e_shnum > ELF_MAXSHNUM || eh->e_phnum > ELF_MAXPHNUM) {
294 		DPRINTF("bad shnum/phnum %#x/%#x", eh->e_shnum, eh->e_phnum);
295 		return ENOEXEC;
296 	}
297 
298 	return 0;
299 }
300 
301 /*
302  * elf_load_psection():
303  *
304  * Load a psection at the appropriate address
305  */
306 static void
307 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, struct vnode *vp,
308     const Elf_Phdr *ph, Elf_Addr *addr, u_long *size, int flags)
309 {
310 	u_long msize, psize, rm, rf;
311 	long diff, offset;
312 	int vmprot = 0;
313 
314 	/*
315 	 * If the user specified an address, then we load there.
316 	 */
317 	if (*addr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR))
318 		*addr = ph->p_vaddr;
319 
320 	if (ph->p_align > 1) {
321 		/*
322 		 * Make sure we are virtually aligned as we are supposed to be.
323 		 */
324 		diff = ph->p_vaddr - ELF_TRUNC(ph->p_vaddr, ph->p_align);
325 		KASSERT(*addr - diff == ELF_TRUNC(*addr, ph->p_align));
326 		/*
327 		 * But make sure to not map any pages before the start of the
328 		 * psection by limiting the difference to within a page.
329 		 */
330 		diff &= PAGE_MASK;
331 	} else
332 		diff = 0;
333 
334 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_R) ? VM_PROT_READ : 0;
335 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_W) ? VM_PROT_WRITE : 0;
336 	vmprot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_X) ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : 0;
337 
338 	/*
339 	 * Adjust everything so it all starts on a page boundary.
340 	 */
341 	*addr -= diff;
342 	offset = ph->p_offset - diff;
343 	*size = ph->p_filesz + diff;
344 	msize = ph->p_memsz + diff;
345 
346 	if (ph->p_align >= PAGE_SIZE) {
347 		if ((ph->p_flags & PF_W) != 0) {
348 			/*
349 			 * Because the pagedvn pager can't handle zero fill
350 			 * of the last data page if it's not page aligned we
351 			 * map the last page readvn.
352 			 */
353 			psize = trunc_page(*size);
354 		} else {
355 			psize = round_page(*size);
356 		}
357 	} else {
358 		psize = *size;
359 	}
360 
361 	if (psize > 0) {
362 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, ph->p_align < PAGE_SIZE ?
363 		    vmcmd_map_readvn : vmcmd_map_pagedvn, psize, *addr, vp,
364 		    offset, vmprot, flags);
365 		flags &= VMCMD_RELATIVE;
366 	}
367 	if (psize < *size) {
368 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_readvn, *size - psize,
369 		    *addr + psize, vp, offset + psize, vmprot, flags);
370 	}
371 
372 	/*
373 	 * Check if we need to extend the size of the segment (does
374 	 * bss extend page the next page boundary)?
375 	 */
376 	rm = round_page(*addr + msize);
377 	rf = round_page(*addr + *size);
378 
379 	if (rm != rf) {
380 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero, rm - rf, rf, NULLVP,
381 		    0, vmprot, flags & VMCMD_RELATIVE);
382 		*size = msize;
383 	}
384 }
385 
386 /*
387  * elf_load_interp():
388  *
389  * Load an interpreter pointed to by path.
390  */
391 static int
392 elf_load_interp(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, char *path,
393     struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, u_long *entryoff, Elf_Addr *last)
394 {
395 	int error, i;
396 	struct vnode *vp;
397 	struct vattr attr;
398 	Elf_Ehdr eh;
399 	Elf_Phdr *ph = NULL;
400 	const Elf_Phdr *base_ph;
401 	const Elf_Phdr *last_ph;
402 	u_long phsize;
403 	Elf_Addr addr = *last;
404 	struct proc *p;
405 	bool use_topdown;
406 
407 	p = l->l_proc;
408 
409 	KASSERT(p->p_vmspace);
410 	KASSERT(p->p_vmspace != proc0.p_vmspace);
411 
412 #ifdef __USE_TOPDOWN_VM
413 	use_topdown = epp->ep_flags & EXEC_TOPDOWN_VM;
414 #else
415 	use_topdown = false;
416 #endif
417 
418 	/*
419 	 * 1. open file
420 	 * 2. read filehdr
421 	 * 3. map text, data, and bss out of it using VM_*
422 	 */
423 	vp = epp->ep_interp;
424 	if (vp == NULL) {
425 		error = emul_find_interp(l, epp, path);
426 		if (error != 0)
427 			return error;
428 		vp = epp->ep_interp;
429 	}
430 	/* We'll tidy this ourselves - otherwise we have locking issues */
431 	epp->ep_interp = NULL;
432 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
433 
434 	/*
435 	 * Similarly, if it's not marked as executable, or it's not a regular
436 	 * file, we don't allow it to be used.
437 	 */
438 	if (vp->v_type != VREG) {
439 		error = EACCES;
440 		goto badunlock;
441 	}
442 	if ((error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, l->l_cred)) != 0)
443 		goto badunlock;
444 
445 	/* get attributes */
446 	if ((error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &attr, l->l_cred)) != 0)
447 		goto badunlock;
448 
449 	/*
450 	 * Check mount point.  Though we're not trying to exec this binary,
451 	 * we will be executing code from it, so if the mount point
452 	 * disallows execution or set-id-ness, we punt or kill the set-id.
453 	 */
454 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) {
455 		error = EACCES;
456 		goto badunlock;
457 	}
458 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID)
459 		epp->ep_vap->va_mode &= ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
460 
461 	error = vn_marktext(vp);
462 	if (error)
463 		goto badunlock;
464 
465 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
466 
467 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, 0, &eh, sizeof(eh))) != 0)
468 		goto bad;
469 
470 	if ((error = elf_check_header(&eh)) != 0)
471 		goto bad;
472 	if (eh.e_type != ET_DYN || eh.e_phnum == 0) {
473 		DPRINTF("bad interpreter type %#x", eh.e_type);
474 		error = ENOEXEC;
475 		goto bad;
476 	}
477 
478 	phsize = eh.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
479 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
480 
481 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, eh.e_phoff, ph, phsize)) != 0)
482 		goto bad;
483 
484 #ifdef ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE
485 	/*
486 	 * Evil hack:  Only MIPS should be non-relocatable, and the
487 	 * psections should have a high address (typically 0x5ffe0000).
488 	 * If it's now relocatable, it should be linked at 0 and the
489 	 * psections should have zeros in the upper part of the address.
490 	 * Otherwise, force the load at the linked address.
491 	 */
492 	if (*last == ELF_LINK_ADDR && (ph->p_vaddr & 0xffff0000) == 0)
493 		*last = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
494 #endif
495 
496 	/*
497 	 * If no position to load the interpreter was set by a probe
498 	 * function, pick the same address that a non-fixed mmap(0, ..)
499 	 * would (i.e. something safely out of the way).
500 	 */
501 	if (*last == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
502 		u_long limit = 0;
503 		/*
504 		 * Find the start and ending addresses of the psections to
505 		 * be loaded.  This will give us the size.
506 		 */
507 		for (i = 0, base_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum; i++) {
508 			if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD) {
509 				u_long psize = ph[i].p_vaddr + ph[i].p_memsz;
510 				if (base_ph == NULL)
511 					base_ph = &ph[i];
512 				if (psize > limit)
513 					limit = psize;
514 			}
515 		}
516 
517 		if (base_ph == NULL) {
518 			DPRINTF("no interpreter loadable sections");
519 			error = ENOEXEC;
520 			goto bad;
521 		}
522 
523 		/*
524 		 * Now compute the size and load address.
525 		 */
526 		addr = (*epp->ep_esch->es_emul->e_vm_default_addr)(p,
527 		    epp->ep_daddr,
528 		    round_page(limit) - trunc_page(base_ph->p_vaddr),
529 		    use_topdown);
530 		addr += (Elf_Addr)pax_aslr_rtld_offset(epp, base_ph->p_align,
531 		    use_topdown);
532 	} else {
533 		addr = *last; /* may be ELF_LINK_ADDR */
534 	}
535 
536 	/*
537 	 * Load all the necessary sections
538 	 */
539 	for (i = 0, base_ph = NULL, last_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum; i++) {
540 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
541 		case PT_LOAD: {
542 			u_long size;
543 			int flags;
544 
545 			if (base_ph == NULL) {
546 				/*
547 				 * First encountered psection is always the
548 				 * base psection.  Make sure it's aligned
549 				 * properly (align down for topdown and align
550 				 * upwards for not topdown).
551 				 */
552 				base_ph = &ph[i];
553 				flags = VMCMD_BASE;
554 				if (addr == ELF_LINK_ADDR)
555 					addr = ph[i].p_vaddr;
556 				if (use_topdown)
557 					addr = ELF_TRUNC(addr, ph[i].p_align);
558 				else
559 					addr = ELF_ROUND(addr, ph[i].p_align);
560 			} else {
561 				u_long limit = round_page(last_ph->p_vaddr
562 				    + last_ph->p_memsz);
563 				u_long base = trunc_page(ph[i].p_vaddr);
564 
565 				/*
566 				 * If there is a gap in between the psections,
567 				 * map it as inaccessible so nothing else
568 				 * mmap'ed will be placed there.
569 				 */
570 				if (limit != base) {
571 					NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero,
572 					    base - limit,
573 					    limit - base_ph->p_vaddr, NULLVP,
574 					    0, VM_PROT_NONE, VMCMD_RELATIVE);
575 				}
576 
577 				addr = ph[i].p_vaddr - base_ph->p_vaddr;
578 				flags = VMCMD_RELATIVE;
579 			}
580 			last_ph = &ph[i];
581 			elf_load_psection(vcset, vp, &ph[i], &addr,
582 			    &size, flags);
583 			/*
584 			 * If entry is within this psection then this
585 			 * must contain the .text section.  *entryoff is
586 			 * relative to the base psection.
587 			 */
588 			if (eh.e_entry >= ph[i].p_vaddr &&
589 			    eh.e_entry < (ph[i].p_vaddr + size)) {
590 				*entryoff = eh.e_entry - base_ph->p_vaddr;
591 			}
592 			addr += size;
593 			break;
594 		}
595 
596 		default:
597 			break;
598 		}
599 	}
600 
601 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
602 	/*
603 	 * This value is ignored if TOPDOWN.
604 	 */
605 	*last = addr;
606 	vrele(vp);
607 	return 0;
608 
609 badunlock:
610 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
611 
612 bad:
613 	if (ph != NULL)
614 		kmem_free(ph, phsize);
615 	vrele(vp);
616 	return error;
617 }
618 
619 /*
620  * exec_elf_makecmds(): Prepare an Elf binary's exec package
621  *
622  * First, set of the various offsets/lengths in the exec package.
623  *
624  * Then, mark the text image busy (so it can be demand paged) or error
625  * out if this is not possible.  Finally, set up vmcmds for the
626  * text, data, bss, and stack segments.
627  */
628 int
629 exec_elf_makecmds(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp)
630 {
631 	Elf_Ehdr *eh = epp->ep_hdr;
632 	Elf_Phdr *ph, *pp;
633 	Elf_Addr phdr = 0, computed_phdr = 0, pos = 0, end_text = 0;
634 	int error, i;
635 	char *interp = NULL;
636 	u_long phsize;
637 	struct elf_args *ap;
638 	bool is_dyn = false;
639 
640 	if (epp->ep_hdrvalid < sizeof(Elf_Ehdr)) {
641 		DPRINTF("small header %#x", epp->ep_hdrvalid);
642 		return ENOEXEC;
643 	}
644 	if ((error = elf_check_header(eh)) != 0)
645 		return error;
646 
647 	if (eh->e_type == ET_DYN)
648 		/* PIE, and some libs have an entry point */
649 		is_dyn = true;
650 	else if (eh->e_type != ET_EXEC) {
651 		DPRINTF("bad type %#x", eh->e_type);
652 		return ENOEXEC;
653 	}
654 
655 	if (eh->e_phnum == 0) {
656 		DPRINTF("no program headers");
657 		return ENOEXEC;
658 	}
659 
660 	error = vn_marktext(epp->ep_vp);
661 	if (error)
662 		return error;
663 
664 	/*
665 	 * Allocate space to hold all the program headers, and read them
666 	 * from the file
667 	 */
668 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
669 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
670 
671 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize)) !=
672 	    0)
673 		goto bad;
674 
675 	epp->ep_taddr = epp->ep_tsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
676 	epp->ep_daddr = epp->ep_dsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
677 
678 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
679 		pp = &ph[i];
680 		if (pp->p_type == PT_INTERP) {
681 			if (pp->p_filesz < 2 || pp->p_filesz > MAXPATHLEN) {
682 				DPRINTF("bad interpreter namelen %#jx",
683 				    (uintmax_t)pp->p_filesz);
684 				error = ENOEXEC;
685 				goto bad;
686 			}
687 			interp = PNBUF_GET();
688 			if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp,
689 			    pp->p_offset, interp, pp->p_filesz)) != 0)
690 				goto bad;
691 			/* Ensure interp is NUL-terminated and of the expected length */
692 			if (strnlen(interp, pp->p_filesz) != pp->p_filesz - 1) {
693 				DPRINTF("bad interpreter name");
694 				error = ENOEXEC;
695 				goto bad;
696 			}
697 			break;
698 		}
699 	}
700 
701 	/*
702 	 * On the same architecture, we may be emulating different systems.
703 	 * See which one will accept this executable.
704 	 *
705 	 * Probe functions would normally see if the interpreter (if any)
706 	 * exists. Emulation packages may possibly replace the interpreter in
707 	 * interp with a changed path (/emul/xxx/<path>).
708 	 */
709 	pos = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
710 	if (epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func) {
711 		vaddr_t startp = (vaddr_t)pos;
712 
713 		error = (*epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func)(l, epp, eh, interp,
714 							  &startp);
715 		if (error)
716 			goto bad;
717 		pos = (Elf_Addr)startp;
718 	}
719 
720 	if (is_dyn)
721 		elf_placedynexec(epp, eh, ph);
722 
723 	/*
724 	 * Load all the necessary sections
725 	 */
726 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
727 		Elf_Addr addr = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
728 		u_long size = 0;
729 
730 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
731 		case PT_LOAD:
732 			elf_load_psection(&epp->ep_vmcmds, epp->ep_vp,
733 			    &ph[i], &addr, &size, VMCMD_FIXED);
734 
735 			/*
736 			 * Consider this as text segment, if it is executable.
737 			 * If there is more than one text segment, pick the
738 			 * largest.
739 			 */
740 			if (ph[i].p_flags & PF_X) {
741 				if (epp->ep_taddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR) ||
742 				    size > epp->ep_tsize) {
743 					epp->ep_taddr = addr;
744 					epp->ep_tsize = size;
745 				}
746 				end_text = addr + size;
747 			} else {
748 				epp->ep_daddr = addr;
749 				epp->ep_dsize = size;
750 			}
751 			if (ph[i].p_offset == 0) {
752 				computed_phdr = ph[i].p_vaddr + eh->e_phoff;
753 			}
754 			break;
755 
756 		case PT_SHLIB:
757 			/* SCO has these sections. */
758 		case PT_INTERP:
759 			/* Already did this one. */
760 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
761 		case PT_NOTE:
762 			break;
763 		case PT_PHDR:
764 			/* Note address of program headers (in text segment) */
765 			phdr = ph[i].p_vaddr;
766 			break;
767 
768 		default:
769 			/*
770 			 * Not fatal; we don't need to understand everything.
771 			 */
772 			break;
773 		}
774 	}
775 
776 	if (epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used == 0) {
777 		/* No VMCMD; there was no PT_LOAD section, or those
778 		 * sections were empty */
779 		DPRINTF("no vmcommands");
780 		error = ENOEXEC;
781 		goto bad;
782 	}
783 
784 	if (epp->ep_daddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
785 		epp->ep_daddr = round_page(end_text);
786 		epp->ep_dsize = 0;
787 	}
788 
789 	/*
790 	 * Check if we found a dynamically linked binary and arrange to load
791 	 * its interpreter
792 	 */
793 	if (interp) {
794 		u_int nused = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used;
795 		u_long interp_offset = 0;
796 
797 		if ((error = elf_load_interp(l, epp, interp,
798 		    &epp->ep_vmcmds, &interp_offset, &pos)) != 0) {
799 			goto bad;
800 		}
801 		if (epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used == nused) {
802 			/* elf_load_interp() has not set up any new VMCMD */
803 			DPRINTF("no vmcommands for interpreter");
804 			error = ENOEXEC;
805 			goto bad;
806 		}
807 
808 		ap = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*ap), KM_SLEEP);
809 		ap->arg_interp = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_cmds[nused].ev_addr;
810 		epp->ep_entryoffset = interp_offset;
811 		epp->ep_entry = ap->arg_interp + interp_offset;
812 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
813 		interp = NULL;
814 	} else {
815 		epp->ep_entry = eh->e_entry;
816 		if (epp->ep_flags & EXEC_FORCEAUX) {
817 			ap = kmem_alloc(sizeof(*ap), KM_SLEEP);
818 			ap->arg_interp = (vaddr_t)NULL;
819 		} else
820 			ap = NULL;
821 	}
822 
823 	if (ap) {
824 		ap->arg_phaddr = phdr ? phdr : computed_phdr;
825 		ap->arg_phentsize = eh->e_phentsize;
826 		ap->arg_phnum = eh->e_phnum;
827 		ap->arg_entry = eh->e_entry;
828 		epp->ep_emul_arg = ap;
829 		epp->ep_emul_arg_free = elf_free_emul_arg;
830 	}
831 
832 #ifdef ELF_MAP_PAGE_ZERO
833 	/* Dell SVR4 maps page zero, yeuch! */
834 	NEW_VMCMD(&epp->ep_vmcmds, vmcmd_map_readvn, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
835 	    epp->ep_vp, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
836 #endif
837 
838 	error = (*epp->ep_esch->es_setup_stack)(l, epp);
839 	if (error)
840 		goto bad;
841 
842 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
843 	return 0;
844 
845 bad:
846 	if (interp)
847 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
848 	exec_free_emul_arg(epp);
849 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
850 	kill_vmcmds(&epp->ep_vmcmds);
851 	return error;
852 }
853 
854 int
855 netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp,
856     Elf_Ehdr *eh)
857 {
858 	size_t i;
859 	Elf_Phdr *ph;
860 	size_t phsize;
861 	char *nbuf;
862 	int error;
863 	int isnetbsd = 0;
864 
865 	epp->ep_pax_flags = 0;
866 
867 	if (eh->e_phnum > ELF_MAXPHNUM || eh->e_phnum == 0) {
868 		DPRINTF("no signature %#x", eh->e_phnum);
869 		return ENOEXEC;
870 	}
871 
872 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
873 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
874 	error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize);
875 	if (error)
876 		goto out;
877 
878 	nbuf = kmem_alloc(ELF_MAXNOTESIZE, KM_SLEEP);
879 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
880 		const char *nptr;
881 		size_t nlen;
882 
883 		if (ph[i].p_type != PT_NOTE ||
884 		    ph[i].p_filesz > ELF_MAXNOTESIZE)
885 			continue;
886 
887 		nlen = ph[i].p_filesz;
888 		error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, ph[i].p_offset,
889 				       nbuf, nlen);
890 		if (error)
891 			continue;
892 
893 		nptr = nbuf;
894 		while (nlen > 0) {
895 			const Elf_Nhdr *np;
896 			const char *ndata, *ndesc;
897 
898 			/* note header */
899 			np = (const Elf_Nhdr *)nptr;
900 			if (nlen < sizeof(*np)) {
901 				break;
902 			}
903 			nptr += sizeof(*np);
904 			nlen -= sizeof(*np);
905 
906 			/* note name */
907 			ndata = nptr;
908 			if (nlen < roundup(np->n_namesz, 4)) {
909 				break;
910 			}
911 			nptr += roundup(np->n_namesz, 4);
912 			nlen -= roundup(np->n_namesz, 4);
913 
914 			/* note description */
915 			ndesc = nptr;
916 			if (nlen < roundup(np->n_descsz, 4)) {
917 				break;
918 			}
919 			nptr += roundup(np->n_descsz, 4);
920 			nlen -= roundup(np->n_descsz, 4);
921 
922 			isnetbsd |= netbsd_elf_note(epp, np, ndata, ndesc);
923 		}
924 	}
925 	kmem_free(nbuf, ELF_MAXNOTESIZE);
926 
927 	error = isnetbsd ? 0 : ENOEXEC;
928 #ifdef DEBUG_ELF
929 	if (error)
930 		DPRINTF("not netbsd");
931 #endif
932 out:
933 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
934 	return error;
935 }
936 
937 int
938 netbsd_elf_note(struct exec_package *epp,
939 		const Elf_Nhdr *np, const char *ndata, const char *ndesc)
940 {
941 	int isnetbsd = 0;
942 
943 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
944 	const char *badnote;
945 #define BADNOTE(n) badnote = (n)
946 #else
947 #define BADNOTE(n)
948 #endif
949 
950 	switch (np->n_type) {
951 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_NETBSD_TAG:
952 		/* It is us */
953 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ &&
954 		    np->n_descsz == ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ &&
955 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAME,
956 		    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ) == 0) {
957 			memcpy(&epp->ep_osversion, ndesc,
958 			    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ);
959 			isnetbsd = 1;
960 			break;
961 		}
962 
963 		/*
964 		 * Ignore SuSE tags; SuSE's n_type is the same the
965 		 * NetBSD one.
966 		 */
967 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAMESZ &&
968 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAME,
969 		    ELF_NOTE_SUSE_NAMESZ) == 0)
970 			break;
971 		/*
972 		 * Ignore old GCC
973 		 */
974 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAMESZ &&
975 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAME,
976 		    ELF_NOTE_OGCC_NAMESZ) == 0)
977 			break;
978 		BADNOTE("NetBSD tag");
979 		goto bad;
980 
981 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_PAX_TAG:
982 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ &&
983 		    np->n_descsz == ELF_NOTE_PAX_DESCSZ &&
984 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAME,
985 		    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ) == 0) {
986 			uint32_t flags;
987 			memcpy(&flags, ndesc, sizeof(flags));
988 			/* Convert the flags and insert them into
989 			 * the exec package. */
990 			pax_setup_elf_flags(epp, flags);
991 			break;
992 		}
993 		BADNOTE("PaX tag");
994 		goto bad;
995 
996 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_MARCH_TAG:
997 		/* Copy the machine arch into the package. */
998 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAMESZ
999 		    && memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAME,
1000 			    ELF_NOTE_MARCH_NAMESZ) == 0) {
1001 			/* Do not truncate the buffer */
1002 			if (np->n_descsz > sizeof(epp->ep_machine_arch)) {
1003 				BADNOTE("description size limit");
1004 				goto bad;
1005 			}
1006 			/*
1007 			 * Ensure ndesc is NUL-terminated and of the
1008 			 * expected length.
1009 			 */
1010 			if (strnlen(ndesc, np->n_descsz) + 1 !=
1011 			    np->n_descsz) {
1012 				BADNOTE("description size");
1013 				goto bad;
1014 			}
1015 			strlcpy(epp->ep_machine_arch, ndesc,
1016 			    sizeof(epp->ep_machine_arch));
1017 			break;
1018 		}
1019 		BADNOTE("march tag");
1020 		goto bad;
1021 
1022 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_MCMODEL_TAG:
1023 		/* arch specific check for code model */
1024 #ifdef ELF_MD_MCMODEL_CHECK
1025 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAMESZ
1026 		    && memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAME,
1027 			    ELF_NOTE_MCMODEL_NAMESZ) == 0) {
1028 			ELF_MD_MCMODEL_CHECK(epp, ndesc, np->n_descsz);
1029 			break;
1030 		}
1031 		BADNOTE("mcmodel tag");
1032 		goto bad;
1033 #endif
1034 		break;
1035 
1036 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_SUSE_VERSION_TAG:
1037 		break;
1038 
1039 	case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_GO_BUILDID_TAG:
1040 		break;
1041 
1042 	default:
1043 		BADNOTE("unknown tag");
1044 bad:
1045 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1046 		/* Ignore GNU tags */
1047 		if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ &&
1048 		    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAME,
1049 		    ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ) == 0)
1050 		    break;
1051 
1052 		int ns = (int)np->n_namesz;
1053 		printf("%s: Unknown elf note type %d (%s): "
1054 		    "[namesz=%d, descsz=%d name=%-*.*s]\n",
1055 		    epp->ep_kname, np->n_type, badnote, np->n_namesz,
1056 		    np->n_descsz, ns, ns, ndata);
1057 #endif
1058 		break;
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	return isnetbsd;
1062 }
1063 
1064 int
1065 netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, void *eh, char *itp,
1066     vaddr_t *pos)
1067 {
1068 	int error;
1069 
1070 	if ((error = netbsd_elf_signature(l, epp, eh)) != 0)
1071 		return error;
1072 #ifdef ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC
1073 	if ((error = ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC(l, epp, eh, itp, pos)) != 0)
1074 		return error;
1075 #elif defined(ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE)
1076 	*pos = ELF_LINK_ADDR;
1077 #endif
1078 	epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_FORCEAUX;
1079 	return 0;
1080 }
1081 
1082 void
1083 elf_free_emul_arg(void *arg)
1084 {
1085 	struct elf_args *ap = arg;
1086 	KASSERT(ap != NULL);
1087 	kmem_free(ap, sizeof(*ap));
1088 }
1089