xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/exec_elf.c (revision 62a8debe1dc62962e18a1c918def78666141273b)
1 /*	$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.13 2010/02/22 19:46:18 drochner Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2000, 2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Christos Zoulas.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1996 Christopher G. Demetriou
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
45  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
48  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
50  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
51  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
52  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
53  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
54  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
55  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
56  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
57  */
58 
59 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
60 __KERNEL_RCSID(1, "$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.13 2010/02/22 19:46:18 drochner Exp $");
61 
62 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
63 #include "opt_pax.h"
64 #endif /* _KERNEL_OPT */
65 
66 #include <sys/param.h>
67 #include <sys/proc.h>
68 #include <sys/malloc.h>
69 #include <sys/kmem.h>
70 #include <sys/namei.h>
71 #include <sys/vnode.h>
72 #include <sys/exec.h>
73 #include <sys/exec_elf.h>
74 #include <sys/syscall.h>
75 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
76 #include <sys/mount.h>
77 #include <sys/stat.h>
78 #include <sys/kauth.h>
79 #include <sys/bitops.h>
80 
81 #include <sys/cpu.h>
82 #include <machine/reg.h>
83 
84 #include <compat/common/compat_util.h>
85 
86 #include <sys/pax.h>
87 
88 extern struct emul emul_netbsd;
89 
90 #define elf_check_header	ELFNAME(check_header)
91 #define elf_copyargs		ELFNAME(copyargs)
92 #define elf_load_file		ELFNAME(load_file)
93 #define elf_load_psection	ELFNAME(load_psection)
94 #define exec_elf_makecmds	ELFNAME2(exec,makecmds)
95 #define netbsd_elf_signature	ELFNAME2(netbsd,signature)
96 #define netbsd_elf_probe	ELFNAME2(netbsd,probe)
97 #define	coredump		ELFNAMEEND(coredump)
98 
99 int	elf_load_file(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, char *,
100 	    struct exec_vmcmd_set *, u_long *, struct elf_args *, Elf_Addr *);
101 void	elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *, struct vnode *,
102 	    const Elf_Phdr *, Elf_Addr *, u_long *, int *, int);
103 
104 int	netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, Elf_Ehdr *);
105 int	netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, void *, char *,
106 	    vaddr_t *);
107 
108 /* round up and down to page boundaries. */
109 #define	ELF_ROUND(a, b)		(((a) + (b) - 1) & ~((b) - 1))
110 #define	ELF_TRUNC(a, b)		((a) & ~((b) - 1))
111 
112 #define MAXPHNUM	50
113 
114 #ifdef PAX_ASLR
115 /*
116  * We don't move this code in kern_pax.c because it is compiled twice.
117  */
118 static void
119 pax_aslr_elf(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, Elf_Ehdr *eh,
120     Elf_Phdr *ph)
121 {
122 	size_t pax_align = 0, pax_offset, i;
123 	uint32_t r;
124 
125 	if (!pax_aslr_active(l))
126 		return;
127 
128 	/*
129 	 * find align XXX: not all sections might have the same
130 	 * alignment
131 	 */
132 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
133 		if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD) {
134 			pax_align = ph[i].p_align;
135 			break;
136 		}
137 
138 	r = arc4random();
139 
140 	if (pax_align == 0)
141 		pax_align = PGSHIFT;
142 #ifdef DEBUG_ASLR
143 	uprintf("r=0x%x a=0x%x p=0x%x Delta=0x%lx\n", r,
144 	    ilog2(pax_align), PGSHIFT, PAX_ASLR_DELTA(r,
145 		ilog2(pax_align), PAX_ASLR_DELTA_EXEC_LEN));
146 #endif
147 	pax_offset = ELF_TRUNC(PAX_ASLR_DELTA(r,
148 	    ilog2(pax_align), PAX_ASLR_DELTA_EXEC_LEN), pax_align);
149 
150 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
151 		ph[i].p_vaddr += pax_offset;
152 	eh->e_entry += pax_offset;
153 #ifdef DEBUG_ASLR
154 	uprintf("pax offset=0x%zx entry=0x%llx\n",
155 	    pax_offset, (unsigned long long)eh->e_entry);
156 #endif
157 }
158 #else
159 static void
160 elf_placedynexec(Elf_Ehdr *eh, Elf_Phdr *ph)
161 {
162 	int i;
163 
164 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
165 		ph[i].p_vaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
166 	eh->e_entry += PAGE_SIZE;
167 }
168 #endif /* PAX_ASLR */
169 
170 /*
171  * Copy arguments onto the stack in the normal way, but add some
172  * extra information in case of dynamic binding.
173  */
174 int
175 elf_copyargs(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *pack,
176     struct ps_strings *arginfo, char **stackp, void *argp)
177 {
178 	size_t len, vlen;
179 	AuxInfo ai[ELF_AUX_ENTRIES], *a, *execname;
180 	struct elf_args *ap;
181 	int error;
182 
183 	if ((error = copyargs(l, pack, arginfo, stackp, argp)) != 0)
184 		return error;
185 
186 	a = ai;
187 	execname = NULL;
188 
189 	/*
190 	 * Push extra arguments on the stack needed by dynamically
191 	 * linked binaries
192 	 */
193 	if ((ap = (struct elf_args *)pack->ep_emul_arg)) {
194 		struct vattr *vap = pack->ep_vap;
195 
196 		a->a_type = AT_PHDR;
197 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phaddr;
198 		a++;
199 
200 		a->a_type = AT_PHENT;
201 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phentsize;
202 		a++;
203 
204 		a->a_type = AT_PHNUM;
205 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phnum;
206 		a++;
207 
208 		a->a_type = AT_PAGESZ;
209 		a->a_v = PAGE_SIZE;
210 		a++;
211 
212 		a->a_type = AT_BASE;
213 		a->a_v = ap->arg_interp;
214 		a++;
215 
216 		a->a_type = AT_FLAGS;
217 		a->a_v = 0;
218 		a++;
219 
220 		a->a_type = AT_ENTRY;
221 		a->a_v = ap->arg_entry;
222 		a++;
223 
224 		a->a_type = AT_EUID;
225 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISUID)
226 			a->a_v = vap->va_uid;
227 		else
228 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_geteuid(l->l_cred);
229 		a++;
230 
231 		a->a_type = AT_RUID;
232 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getuid(l->l_cred);
233 		a++;
234 
235 		a->a_type = AT_EGID;
236 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID)
237 			a->a_v = vap->va_gid;
238 		else
239 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_getegid(l->l_cred);
240 		a++;
241 
242 		a->a_type = AT_RGID;
243 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getgid(l->l_cred);
244 		a++;
245 
246 		if (pack->ep_path) {
247 			execname = a;
248 			a->a_type = AT_SUN_EXECNAME;
249 			a++;
250 		}
251 
252 		free(ap, M_TEMP);
253 		pack->ep_emul_arg = NULL;
254 	}
255 
256 	a->a_type = AT_NULL;
257 	a->a_v = 0;
258 	a++;
259 
260 	vlen = (a - ai) * sizeof(AuxInfo);
261 
262 	if (execname) {
263 		char *path = pack->ep_path;
264 		execname->a_v = (uintptr_t)(*stackp + vlen);
265 		len = strlen(path) + 1;
266 		if ((error = copyout(path, (*stackp + vlen), len)) != 0)
267 			return error;
268 		len = ALIGN(len);
269 	} else
270 		len = 0;
271 
272 	if ((error = copyout(ai, *stackp, vlen)) != 0)
273 		return error;
274 	*stackp += vlen + len;
275 
276 	return 0;
277 }
278 
279 /*
280  * elf_check_header():
281  *
282  * Check header for validity; return 0 of ok ENOEXEC if error
283  */
284 int
285 elf_check_header(Elf_Ehdr *eh, int type)
286 {
287 
288 	if (memcmp(eh->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0 ||
289 	    eh->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS)
290 		return ENOEXEC;
291 
292 	switch (eh->e_machine) {
293 
294 	ELFDEFNNAME(MACHDEP_ID_CASES)
295 
296 	default:
297 		return ENOEXEC;
298 	}
299 
300 	if (ELF_EHDR_FLAGS_OK(eh) == 0)
301 		return ENOEXEC;
302 
303 	if (eh->e_type != type)
304 		return ENOEXEC;
305 
306 	if (eh->e_shnum > 32768 || eh->e_phnum > 128)
307 		return ENOEXEC;
308 
309 	return 0;
310 }
311 
312 /*
313  * elf_load_psection():
314  *
315  * Load a psection at the appropriate address
316  */
317 void
318 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, struct vnode *vp,
319     const Elf_Phdr *ph, Elf_Addr *addr, u_long *size, int *prot, int flags)
320 {
321 	u_long msize, psize, rm, rf;
322 	long diff, offset;
323 
324 	/*
325 	 * If the user specified an address, then we load there.
326 	 */
327 	if (*addr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR))
328 		*addr = ph->p_vaddr;
329 
330 	if (ph->p_align > 1) {
331 		/*
332 		 * Make sure we are virtually aligned as we are supposed to be.
333 		 */
334 		diff = ph->p_vaddr - ELF_TRUNC(ph->p_vaddr, ph->p_align);
335 		KASSERT(*addr - diff == ELF_TRUNC(*addr, ph->p_align));
336 		/*
337 		 * But make sure to not map any pages before the start of the
338 		 * psection by limiting the difference to within a page.
339 		 */
340 		diff &= PAGE_MASK;
341 	} else
342 		diff = 0;
343 
344 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_R) ? VM_PROT_READ : 0;
345 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_W) ? VM_PROT_WRITE : 0;
346 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_X) ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : 0;
347 
348 	/*
349 	 * Adjust everything so it all starts on a page boundary.
350 	 */
351 	*addr -= diff;
352 	offset = ph->p_offset - diff;
353 	*size = ph->p_filesz + diff;
354 	msize = ph->p_memsz + diff;
355 
356 	if (ph->p_align >= PAGE_SIZE) {
357 		if ((ph->p_flags & PF_W) != 0) {
358 			/*
359 			 * Because the pagedvn pager can't handle zero fill
360 			 * of the last data page if it's not page aligned we
361 			 * map the last page readvn.
362 			 */
363 			psize = trunc_page(*size);
364 		} else {
365 			psize = round_page(*size);
366 		}
367 	} else {
368 		psize = *size;
369 	}
370 
371 	if (psize > 0) {
372 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, ph->p_align < PAGE_SIZE ?
373 		    vmcmd_map_readvn : vmcmd_map_pagedvn, psize, *addr, vp,
374 		    offset, *prot, flags);
375 		flags &= VMCMD_RELATIVE;
376 	}
377 	if (psize < *size) {
378 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_readvn, *size - psize,
379 		    *addr + psize, vp, offset + psize, *prot, flags);
380 	}
381 
382 	/*
383 	 * Check if we need to extend the size of the segment (does
384 	 * bss extend page the next page boundary)?
385 	 */
386 	rm = round_page(*addr + msize);
387 	rf = round_page(*addr + *size);
388 
389 	if (rm != rf) {
390 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero, rm - rf, rf, NULLVP,
391 		    0, *prot, flags & VMCMD_RELATIVE);
392 		*size = msize;
393 	}
394 }
395 
396 /*
397  * elf_load_file():
398  *
399  * Load a file (interpreter/library) pointed to by path
400  * [stolen from coff_load_shlib()]. Made slightly generic
401  * so it might be used externally.
402  */
403 int
404 elf_load_file(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, char *path,
405     struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, u_long *entryoff, struct elf_args *ap,
406     Elf_Addr *last)
407 {
408 	int error, i;
409 	struct vnode *vp;
410 	struct vattr attr;
411 	Elf_Ehdr eh;
412 	Elf_Phdr *ph = NULL;
413 	const Elf_Phdr *ph0;
414 	const Elf_Phdr *base_ph;
415 	const Elf_Phdr *last_ph;
416 	u_long phsize;
417 	Elf_Addr addr = *last;
418 	struct proc *p;
419 
420 	p = l->l_proc;
421 
422 	/*
423 	 * 1. open file
424 	 * 2. read filehdr
425 	 * 3. map text, data, and bss out of it using VM_*
426 	 */
427 	vp = epp->ep_interp;
428 	if (vp == NULL) {
429 		error = emul_find_interp(l, epp, path);
430 		if (error != 0)
431 			return error;
432 		vp = epp->ep_interp;
433 	}
434 	/* We'll tidy this ourselves - otherwise we have locking issues */
435 	epp->ep_interp = NULL;
436 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
437 
438 	/*
439 	 * Similarly, if it's not marked as executable, or it's not a regular
440 	 * file, we don't allow it to be used.
441 	 */
442 	if (vp->v_type != VREG) {
443 		error = EACCES;
444 		goto badunlock;
445 	}
446 	if ((error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, l->l_cred)) != 0)
447 		goto badunlock;
448 
449 	/* get attributes */
450 	if ((error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &attr, l->l_cred)) != 0)
451 		goto badunlock;
452 
453 	/*
454 	 * Check mount point.  Though we're not trying to exec this binary,
455 	 * we will be executing code from it, so if the mount point
456 	 * disallows execution or set-id-ness, we punt or kill the set-id.
457 	 */
458 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) {
459 		error = EACCES;
460 		goto badunlock;
461 	}
462 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID)
463 		epp->ep_vap->va_mode &= ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
464 
465 #ifdef notyet /* XXX cgd 960926 */
466 	XXX cgd 960926: (maybe) VOP_OPEN it (and VOP_CLOSE in copyargs?)
467 #endif
468 
469 	error = vn_marktext(vp);
470 	if (error)
471 		goto badunlock;
472 
473 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
474 
475 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, 0, &eh, sizeof(eh))) != 0)
476 		goto bad;
477 
478 	if ((error = elf_check_header(&eh, ET_DYN)) != 0)
479 		goto bad;
480 
481 	if (eh.e_phnum > MAXPHNUM || eh.e_phnum == 0) {
482 		error = ENOEXEC;
483 		goto bad;
484 	}
485 
486 	phsize = eh.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
487 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
488 
489 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, eh.e_phoff, ph, phsize)) != 0)
490 		goto bad;
491 
492 #ifdef ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE
493 	/*
494 	 * Evil hack:  Only MIPS should be non-relocatable, and the
495 	 * psections should have a high address (typically 0x5ffe0000).
496 	 * If it's now relocatable, it should be linked at 0 and the
497 	 * psections should have zeros in the upper part of the address.
498 	 * Otherwise, force the load at the linked address.
499 	 */
500 	if (*last == ELF_LINK_ADDR && (ph->p_vaddr & 0xffff0000) == 0)
501 		*last = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
502 #endif
503 
504 	/*
505 	 * If no position to load the interpreter was set by a probe
506 	 * function, pick the same address that a non-fixed mmap(0, ..)
507 	 * would (i.e. something safely out of the way).
508 	 */
509 	if (*last == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
510 		u_long limit = 0;
511 		/*
512 		 * Find the start and ending addresses of the psections to
513 		 * be loaded.  This will give us the size.
514 		 */
515 		for (i = 0, ph0 = ph, base_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum;
516 		     i++, ph0++) {
517 			if (ph0->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
518 				u_long psize = ph0->p_vaddr + ph0->p_memsz;
519 				if (base_ph == NULL)
520 					base_ph = ph0;
521 				if (psize > limit)
522 					limit = psize;
523 			}
524 		}
525 
526 		if (base_ph == NULL) {
527 			error = ENOEXEC;
528 			goto bad;
529 		}
530 
531 		/*
532 		 * Now compute the size and load address.
533 		 */
534 		addr = (*epp->ep_esch->es_emul->e_vm_default_addr)(p,
535 		    epp->ep_daddr,
536 		    round_page(limit) - trunc_page(base_ph->p_vaddr));
537 	} else
538 		addr = *last; /* may be ELF_LINK_ADDR */
539 
540 	/*
541 	 * Load all the necessary sections
542 	 */
543 	for (i = 0, ph0 = ph, base_ph = NULL, last_ph = NULL;
544 	     i < eh.e_phnum; i++, ph0++) {
545 		switch (ph0->p_type) {
546 		case PT_LOAD: {
547 			u_long size;
548 			int prot = 0;
549 			int flags;
550 
551 			if (base_ph == NULL) {
552 				/*
553 				 * First encountered psection is always the
554 				 * base psection.  Make sure it's aligned
555 				 * properly (align down for topdown and align
556 				 * upwards for not topdown).
557 				 */
558 				base_ph = ph0;
559 				flags = VMCMD_BASE;
560 				if (addr == ELF_LINK_ADDR)
561 					addr = ph0->p_vaddr;
562 				if (p->p_vmspace->vm_map.flags & VM_MAP_TOPDOWN)
563 					addr = ELF_TRUNC(addr, ph0->p_align);
564 				else
565 					addr = ELF_ROUND(addr, ph0->p_align);
566 			} else {
567 				u_long limit = round_page(last_ph->p_vaddr
568 				    + last_ph->p_memsz);
569 				u_long base = trunc_page(ph0->p_vaddr);
570 
571 				/*
572 				 * If there is a gap in between the psections,
573 				 * map it as inaccessible so nothing else
574 				 * mmap'ed will be placed there.
575 				 */
576 				if (limit != base) {
577 					NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero,
578 					    base - limit,
579 					    limit - base_ph->p_vaddr, NULLVP,
580 					    0, VM_PROT_NONE, VMCMD_RELATIVE);
581 				}
582 
583 				addr = ph0->p_vaddr - base_ph->p_vaddr;
584 				flags = VMCMD_RELATIVE;
585 			}
586 			last_ph = ph0;
587 			elf_load_psection(vcset, vp, &ph[i], &addr,
588 			    &size, &prot, flags);
589 			/*
590 			 * If entry is within this psection then this
591 			 * must contain the .text section.  *entryoff is
592 			 * relative to the base psection.
593 			 */
594 			if (eh.e_entry >= ph0->p_vaddr &&
595 			    eh.e_entry < (ph0->p_vaddr + size)) {
596 				*entryoff = eh.e_entry - base_ph->p_vaddr;
597 			}
598 			addr += size;
599 			break;
600 		}
601 
602 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
603 		case PT_PHDR:
604 			break;
605 
606 		case PT_NOTE:
607 			break;
608 
609 		default:
610 			break;
611 		}
612 	}
613 
614 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
615 	/*
616 	 * This value is ignored if TOPDOWN.
617 	 */
618 	*last = addr;
619 	vrele(vp);
620 	return 0;
621 
622 badunlock:
623 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
624 
625 bad:
626 	if (ph != NULL)
627 		kmem_free(ph, phsize);
628 #ifdef notyet /* XXX cgd 960926 */
629 	(maybe) VOP_CLOSE it
630 #endif
631 	vrele(vp);
632 	return error;
633 }
634 
635 /*
636  * exec_elf_makecmds(): Prepare an Elf binary's exec package
637  *
638  * First, set of the various offsets/lengths in the exec package.
639  *
640  * Then, mark the text image busy (so it can be demand paged) or error
641  * out if this is not possible.  Finally, set up vmcmds for the
642  * text, data, bss, and stack segments.
643  */
644 int
645 exec_elf_makecmds(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp)
646 {
647 	Elf_Ehdr *eh = epp->ep_hdr;
648 	Elf_Phdr *ph, *pp;
649 	Elf_Addr phdr = 0, pos = 0;
650 	int error, i, nload;
651 	char *interp = NULL;
652 	u_long phsize;
653 	struct proc *p;
654 	bool is_dyn;
655 
656 	if (epp->ep_hdrvalid < sizeof(Elf_Ehdr))
657 		return ENOEXEC;
658 
659 	is_dyn = elf_check_header(eh, ET_DYN) == 0;
660 	/*
661 	 * XXX allow for executing shared objects. It seems silly
662 	 * but other ELF-based systems allow it as well.
663 	 */
664 	if (elf_check_header(eh, ET_EXEC) != 0 && !is_dyn)
665 		return ENOEXEC;
666 
667 	if (eh->e_phnum > MAXPHNUM || eh->e_phnum == 0)
668 		return ENOEXEC;
669 
670 	error = vn_marktext(epp->ep_vp);
671 	if (error)
672 		return error;
673 
674 	/*
675 	 * Allocate space to hold all the program headers, and read them
676 	 * from the file
677 	 */
678 	p = l->l_proc;
679 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
680 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
681 
682 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize)) !=
683 	    0)
684 		goto bad;
685 
686 	epp->ep_taddr = epp->ep_tsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
687 	epp->ep_daddr = epp->ep_dsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
688 
689 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
690 		pp = &ph[i];
691 		if (pp->p_type == PT_INTERP) {
692 			if (pp->p_filesz >= MAXPATHLEN) {
693 				error = ENOEXEC;
694 				goto bad;
695 			}
696 			interp = PNBUF_GET();
697 			interp[0] = '\0';
698 			if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp,
699 			    pp->p_offset, interp, pp->p_filesz)) != 0)
700 				goto bad;
701 			break;
702 		}
703 	}
704 
705 	/*
706 	 * On the same architecture, we may be emulating different systems.
707 	 * See which one will accept this executable.
708 	 *
709 	 * Probe functions would normally see if the interpreter (if any)
710 	 * exists. Emulation packages may possibly replace the interpreter in
711 	 * interp[] with a changed path (/emul/xxx/<path>).
712 	 */
713 	pos = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
714 	if (epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func) {
715 		vaddr_t startp = (vaddr_t)pos;
716 
717 		error = (*epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func)(l, epp, eh, interp,
718 							  &startp);
719 		if (error)
720 			goto bad;
721 		pos = (Elf_Addr)startp;
722 	}
723 
724 #if defined(PAX_MPROTECT) || defined(PAX_SEGVGUARD) || defined(PAX_ASLR)
725 	p->p_pax = epp->ep_pax_flags;
726 #endif /* PAX_MPROTECT || PAX_SEGVGUARD || PAX_ASLR */
727 
728 	if (is_dyn)
729 #ifdef PAX_ASLR
730 		pax_aslr_elf(l, epp, eh, ph);
731 #else
732 		elf_placedynexec(eh, ph);
733 #endif /* PAX_ASLR */
734 
735 	/*
736 	 * Load all the necessary sections
737 	 */
738 	for (i = nload = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
739 		Elf_Addr  addr = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
740 		u_long size = 0;
741 		int prot = 0;
742 
743 		pp = &ph[i];
744 
745 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
746 		case PT_LOAD:
747 			/*
748 			 * XXX
749 			 * Can handle only 2 sections: text and data
750 			 */
751 			if (nload++ == 2) {
752 				error = ENOEXEC;
753 				goto bad;
754 			}
755 			elf_load_psection(&epp->ep_vmcmds, epp->ep_vp,
756 			    &ph[i], &addr, &size, &prot, VMCMD_FIXED);
757 
758 			/*
759 			 * Decide whether it's text or data by looking
760 			 * at the entry point.
761 			 */
762 			if (eh->e_entry >= addr &&
763 			    eh->e_entry < (addr + size)) {
764 				epp->ep_taddr = addr;
765 				epp->ep_tsize = size;
766 				if (epp->ep_daddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
767 					epp->ep_daddr = addr;
768 					epp->ep_dsize = size;
769 				}
770 			} else {
771 				epp->ep_daddr = addr;
772 				epp->ep_dsize = size;
773 			}
774 			break;
775 
776 		case PT_SHLIB:
777 			/* SCO has these sections. */
778 		case PT_INTERP:
779 			/* Already did this one. */
780 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
781 			break;
782 		case PT_NOTE:
783 			break;
784 		case PT_PHDR:
785 			/* Note address of program headers (in text segment) */
786 			phdr = pp->p_vaddr;
787 			break;
788 
789 		default:
790 			/*
791 			 * Not fatal; we don't need to understand everything.
792 			 */
793 			break;
794 		}
795 	}
796 
797 	/*
798 	 * Check if we found a dynamically linked binary and arrange to load
799 	 * its interpreter
800 	 */
801 	if (interp) {
802 		struct elf_args *ap;
803 		int j = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used;
804 		u_long interp_offset;
805 
806 		ap = (struct elf_args *)malloc(sizeof(struct elf_args),
807 		    M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
808 		if ((error = elf_load_file(l, epp, interp,
809 		    &epp->ep_vmcmds, &interp_offset, ap, &pos)) != 0) {
810 			free(ap, M_TEMP);
811 			goto bad;
812 		}
813 		ap->arg_interp = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_cmds[j].ev_addr;
814 		epp->ep_entry = ap->arg_interp + interp_offset;
815 		ap->arg_phaddr = phdr;
816 
817 		ap->arg_phentsize = eh->e_phentsize;
818 		ap->arg_phnum = eh->e_phnum;
819 		ap->arg_entry = eh->e_entry;
820 
821 		epp->ep_emul_arg = ap;
822 
823 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
824 	} else
825 		epp->ep_entry = eh->e_entry;
826 
827 #ifdef ELF_MAP_PAGE_ZERO
828 	/* Dell SVR4 maps page zero, yeuch! */
829 	NEW_VMCMD(&epp->ep_vmcmds, vmcmd_map_readvn, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
830 	    epp->ep_vp, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
831 #endif
832 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
833 	return (*epp->ep_esch->es_setup_stack)(l, epp);
834 
835 bad:
836 	if (interp)
837 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
838 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
839 	kill_vmcmds(&epp->ep_vmcmds);
840 	return error;
841 }
842 
843 int
844 netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp,
845     Elf_Ehdr *eh)
846 {
847 	size_t i;
848 	Elf_Phdr *ph;
849 	size_t phsize;
850 	int error;
851 	int isnetbsd = 0;
852 	char *ndata;
853 
854 	epp->ep_pax_flags = 0;
855 	if (eh->e_phnum > MAXPHNUM || eh->e_phnum == 0)
856 		return ENOEXEC;
857 
858 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
859 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
860 	error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize);
861 	if (error)
862 		goto out;
863 
864 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
865 		Elf_Phdr *ephp = &ph[i];
866 		Elf_Nhdr *np;
867 
868 		if (ephp->p_type != PT_NOTE ||
869 		    ephp->p_filesz > 1024 ||
870 		    ephp->p_filesz < sizeof(Elf_Nhdr) + ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ)
871 			continue;
872 
873 		np = kmem_alloc(ephp->p_filesz, KM_SLEEP);
874 		error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, ephp->p_offset, np,
875 		    ephp->p_filesz);
876 		if (error)
877 			goto next;
878 
879 		ndata = (char *)(np + 1);
880 		switch (np->n_type) {
881 		case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_NETBSD_TAG:
882 			if (np->n_namesz != ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ ||
883 			    np->n_descsz != ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ ||
884 			    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAME,
885 			    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ))
886 				goto next;
887 			isnetbsd = 1;
888 			break;
889 
890 		case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_PAX_TAG:
891 			if (np->n_namesz != ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ ||
892 			    np->n_descsz != ELF_NOTE_PAX_DESCSZ ||
893 			    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAME,
894 			    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ))
895 				goto next;
896 			(void)memcpy(&epp->ep_pax_flags,
897 			    ndata + ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
898 			    sizeof(epp->ep_pax_flags));
899 			break;
900 
901 		default:
902 			break;
903 		}
904 
905 next:
906 		kmem_free(np, ephp->p_filesz);
907 		continue;
908 	}
909 
910 	error = isnetbsd ? 0 : ENOEXEC;
911 out:
912 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
913 	return error;
914 }
915 
916 int
917 netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, void *eh, char *itp,
918     vaddr_t *pos)
919 {
920 	int error;
921 
922 	if ((error = netbsd_elf_signature(l, epp, eh)) != 0)
923 		return error;
924 #ifdef ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC
925 	if ((error = ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC(l, epp, eh, itp, pos)) != 0)
926 		return error;
927 #elif defined(ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE)
928 	*pos = ELF_LINK_ADDR;
929 #endif
930 	return 0;
931 }
932