xref: /netbsd-src/sys/kern/exec_elf.c (revision 1897181a7231d5fc7ab48994d1447fcbc4e13a49)
1 /*	$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.33 2011/11/19 22:51:25 tls Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2000, 2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Christos Zoulas.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1996 Christopher G. Demetriou
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
45  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
48  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
49  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
50  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
51  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
52  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
53  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
54  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
55  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
56  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
57  */
58 
59 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
60 __KERNEL_RCSID(1, "$NetBSD: exec_elf.c,v 1.33 2011/11/19 22:51:25 tls Exp $");
61 
62 #ifdef _KERNEL_OPT
63 #include "opt_pax.h"
64 #endif /* _KERNEL_OPT */
65 
66 #include <sys/param.h>
67 #include <sys/proc.h>
68 #include <sys/malloc.h>
69 #include <sys/kmem.h>
70 #include <sys/namei.h>
71 #include <sys/vnode.h>
72 #include <sys/exec.h>
73 #include <sys/exec_elf.h>
74 #include <sys/syscall.h>
75 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
76 #include <sys/mount.h>
77 #include <sys/stat.h>
78 #include <sys/kauth.h>
79 #include <sys/bitops.h>
80 #include <sys/cprng.h>
81 
82 #include <sys/cpu.h>
83 #include <machine/reg.h>
84 
85 #include <compat/common/compat_util.h>
86 
87 #include <sys/pax.h>
88 
89 extern struct emul emul_netbsd;
90 
91 #define elf_check_header	ELFNAME(check_header)
92 #define elf_copyargs		ELFNAME(copyargs)
93 #define elf_load_file		ELFNAME(load_file)
94 #define elf_load_psection	ELFNAME(load_psection)
95 #define exec_elf_makecmds	ELFNAME2(exec,makecmds)
96 #define netbsd_elf_signature	ELFNAME2(netbsd,signature)
97 #define netbsd_elf_probe	ELFNAME2(netbsd,probe)
98 #define	coredump		ELFNAMEEND(coredump)
99 
100 int	elf_load_file(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, char *,
101 	    struct exec_vmcmd_set *, u_long *, struct elf_args *, Elf_Addr *);
102 void	elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *, struct vnode *,
103 	    const Elf_Phdr *, Elf_Addr *, u_long *, int *, int);
104 
105 int	netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, Elf_Ehdr *);
106 int	netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *, struct exec_package *, void *, char *,
107 	    vaddr_t *);
108 
109 /* round up and down to page boundaries. */
110 #define	ELF_ROUND(a, b)		(((a) + (b) - 1) & ~((b) - 1))
111 #define	ELF_TRUNC(a, b)		((a) & ~((b) - 1))
112 
113 /*
114  * Arbitrary limits to avoid DoS for excessive memory allocation.
115  */
116 #define MAXPHNUM	128
117 #define MAXSHNUM	32768
118 #define MAXNOTESIZE	1024
119 
120 static void
121 elf_placedynexec(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, Elf_Ehdr *eh,
122     Elf_Phdr *ph)
123 {
124 	Elf_Addr align, offset;
125 	int i;
126 
127 	for (align = i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
128 		if (ph[i].p_type == PT_LOAD && ph[i].p_align > align)
129 			align = ph[i].p_align;
130 
131 #ifdef PAX_ASLR
132 	if (pax_aslr_active(l)) {
133 		size_t pax_align, l2, delta;
134 		uint32_t r;
135 
136 		pax_align = align;
137 
138 		r = cprng_fast32();
139 
140 		if (pax_align == 0)
141 			pax_align = PGSHIFT;
142 		l2 = ilog2(pax_align);
143 		delta = PAX_ASLR_DELTA(r, l2, PAX_ASLR_DELTA_EXEC_LEN);
144 		offset = ELF_TRUNC(delta, pax_align) + PAGE_SIZE;
145 #ifdef PAX_ASLR_DEBUG
146 		uprintf("r=0x%x l2=0x%zx PGSHIFT=0x%x Delta=0x%zx\n", r, l2,
147 		    PGSHIFT, delta);
148 		uprintf("pax offset=0x%llx entry=0x%llx\n",
149 		    (unsigned long long)offset,
150 		    (unsigned long long)eh->e_entry);
151 #endif /* PAX_ASLR_DEBUG */
152 	} else
153 #endif /* PAX_ASLR */
154 		offset = MAX(align, PAGE_SIZE);
155 
156 	offset += epp->ep_vm_minaddr;
157 
158 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++)
159 		ph[i].p_vaddr += offset;
160 	eh->e_entry += offset;
161 }
162 
163 /*
164  * Copy arguments onto the stack in the normal way, but add some
165  * extra information in case of dynamic binding.
166  */
167 int
168 elf_copyargs(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *pack,
169     struct ps_strings *arginfo, char **stackp, void *argp)
170 {
171 	size_t len, vlen;
172 	AuxInfo ai[ELF_AUX_ENTRIES], *a, *execname;
173 	struct elf_args *ap;
174 	int error;
175 
176 	if ((error = copyargs(l, pack, arginfo, stackp, argp)) != 0)
177 		return error;
178 
179 	a = ai;
180 	execname = NULL;
181 
182 	/*
183 	 * Push extra arguments on the stack needed by dynamically
184 	 * linked binaries
185 	 */
186 	if ((ap = (struct elf_args *)pack->ep_emul_arg)) {
187 		struct vattr *vap = pack->ep_vap;
188 
189 		a->a_type = AT_PHDR;
190 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phaddr;
191 		a++;
192 
193 		a->a_type = AT_PHENT;
194 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phentsize;
195 		a++;
196 
197 		a->a_type = AT_PHNUM;
198 		a->a_v = ap->arg_phnum;
199 		a++;
200 
201 		a->a_type = AT_PAGESZ;
202 		a->a_v = PAGE_SIZE;
203 		a++;
204 
205 		a->a_type = AT_BASE;
206 		a->a_v = ap->arg_interp;
207 		a++;
208 
209 		a->a_type = AT_FLAGS;
210 		a->a_v = 0;
211 		a++;
212 
213 		a->a_type = AT_ENTRY;
214 		a->a_v = ap->arg_entry;
215 		a++;
216 
217 		a->a_type = AT_EUID;
218 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISUID)
219 			a->a_v = vap->va_uid;
220 		else
221 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_geteuid(l->l_cred);
222 		a++;
223 
224 		a->a_type = AT_RUID;
225 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getuid(l->l_cred);
226 		a++;
227 
228 		a->a_type = AT_EGID;
229 		if (vap->va_mode & S_ISGID)
230 			a->a_v = vap->va_gid;
231 		else
232 			a->a_v = kauth_cred_getegid(l->l_cred);
233 		a++;
234 
235 		a->a_type = AT_RGID;
236 		a->a_v = kauth_cred_getgid(l->l_cred);
237 		a++;
238 
239 		if (pack->ep_path) {
240 			execname = a;
241 			a->a_type = AT_SUN_EXECNAME;
242 			a++;
243 		}
244 
245 		free(ap, M_TEMP);
246 		pack->ep_emul_arg = NULL;
247 	}
248 
249 	a->a_type = AT_NULL;
250 	a->a_v = 0;
251 	a++;
252 
253 	vlen = (a - ai) * sizeof(AuxInfo);
254 
255 	if (execname) {
256 		char *path = pack->ep_path;
257 		execname->a_v = (uintptr_t)(*stackp + vlen);
258 		len = strlen(path) + 1;
259 		if ((error = copyout(path, (*stackp + vlen), len)) != 0)
260 			return error;
261 		len = ALIGN(len);
262 	} else
263 		len = 0;
264 
265 	if ((error = copyout(ai, *stackp, vlen)) != 0)
266 		return error;
267 	*stackp += vlen + len;
268 
269 	return 0;
270 }
271 
272 /*
273  * elf_check_header():
274  *
275  * Check header for validity; return 0 of ok ENOEXEC if error
276  */
277 int
278 elf_check_header(Elf_Ehdr *eh, int type)
279 {
280 
281 	if (memcmp(eh->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0 ||
282 	    eh->e_ident[EI_CLASS] != ELFCLASS)
283 		return ENOEXEC;
284 
285 	switch (eh->e_machine) {
286 
287 	ELFDEFNNAME(MACHDEP_ID_CASES)
288 
289 	default:
290 		return ENOEXEC;
291 	}
292 
293 	if (ELF_EHDR_FLAGS_OK(eh) == 0)
294 		return ENOEXEC;
295 
296 	if (eh->e_type != type)
297 		return ENOEXEC;
298 
299 	if (eh->e_shnum > MAXSHNUM || eh->e_phnum > MAXPHNUM)
300 		return ENOEXEC;
301 
302 	return 0;
303 }
304 
305 /*
306  * elf_load_psection():
307  *
308  * Load a psection at the appropriate address
309  */
310 void
311 elf_load_psection(struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, struct vnode *vp,
312     const Elf_Phdr *ph, Elf_Addr *addr, u_long *size, int *prot, int flags)
313 {
314 	u_long msize, psize, rm, rf;
315 	long diff, offset;
316 
317 	/*
318 	 * If the user specified an address, then we load there.
319 	 */
320 	if (*addr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR))
321 		*addr = ph->p_vaddr;
322 
323 	if (ph->p_align > 1) {
324 		/*
325 		 * Make sure we are virtually aligned as we are supposed to be.
326 		 */
327 		diff = ph->p_vaddr - ELF_TRUNC(ph->p_vaddr, ph->p_align);
328 		KASSERT(*addr - diff == ELF_TRUNC(*addr, ph->p_align));
329 		/*
330 		 * But make sure to not map any pages before the start of the
331 		 * psection by limiting the difference to within a page.
332 		 */
333 		diff &= PAGE_MASK;
334 	} else
335 		diff = 0;
336 
337 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_R) ? VM_PROT_READ : 0;
338 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_W) ? VM_PROT_WRITE : 0;
339 	*prot |= (ph->p_flags & PF_X) ? VM_PROT_EXECUTE : 0;
340 
341 	/*
342 	 * Adjust everything so it all starts on a page boundary.
343 	 */
344 	*addr -= diff;
345 	offset = ph->p_offset - diff;
346 	*size = ph->p_filesz + diff;
347 	msize = ph->p_memsz + diff;
348 
349 	if (ph->p_align >= PAGE_SIZE) {
350 		if ((ph->p_flags & PF_W) != 0) {
351 			/*
352 			 * Because the pagedvn pager can't handle zero fill
353 			 * of the last data page if it's not page aligned we
354 			 * map the last page readvn.
355 			 */
356 			psize = trunc_page(*size);
357 		} else {
358 			psize = round_page(*size);
359 		}
360 	} else {
361 		psize = *size;
362 	}
363 
364 	if (psize > 0) {
365 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, ph->p_align < PAGE_SIZE ?
366 		    vmcmd_map_readvn : vmcmd_map_pagedvn, psize, *addr, vp,
367 		    offset, *prot, flags);
368 		flags &= VMCMD_RELATIVE;
369 	}
370 	if (psize < *size) {
371 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_readvn, *size - psize,
372 		    *addr + psize, vp, offset + psize, *prot, flags);
373 	}
374 
375 	/*
376 	 * Check if we need to extend the size of the segment (does
377 	 * bss extend page the next page boundary)?
378 	 */
379 	rm = round_page(*addr + msize);
380 	rf = round_page(*addr + *size);
381 
382 	if (rm != rf) {
383 		NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero, rm - rf, rf, NULLVP,
384 		    0, *prot, flags & VMCMD_RELATIVE);
385 		*size = msize;
386 	}
387 }
388 
389 /*
390  * elf_load_file():
391  *
392  * Load a file (interpreter/library) pointed to by path
393  * [stolen from coff_load_shlib()]. Made slightly generic
394  * so it might be used externally.
395  */
396 int
397 elf_load_file(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, char *path,
398     struct exec_vmcmd_set *vcset, u_long *entryoff, struct elf_args *ap,
399     Elf_Addr *last)
400 {
401 	int error, i;
402 	struct vnode *vp;
403 	struct vattr attr;
404 	Elf_Ehdr eh;
405 	Elf_Phdr *ph = NULL;
406 	const Elf_Phdr *ph0;
407 	const Elf_Phdr *base_ph;
408 	const Elf_Phdr *last_ph;
409 	u_long phsize;
410 	Elf_Addr addr = *last;
411 	struct proc *p;
412 
413 	p = l->l_proc;
414 
415 	/*
416 	 * 1. open file
417 	 * 2. read filehdr
418 	 * 3. map text, data, and bss out of it using VM_*
419 	 */
420 	vp = epp->ep_interp;
421 	if (vp == NULL) {
422 		error = emul_find_interp(l, epp, path);
423 		if (error != 0)
424 			return error;
425 		vp = epp->ep_interp;
426 	}
427 	/* We'll tidy this ourselves - otherwise we have locking issues */
428 	epp->ep_interp = NULL;
429 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
430 
431 	/*
432 	 * Similarly, if it's not marked as executable, or it's not a regular
433 	 * file, we don't allow it to be used.
434 	 */
435 	if (vp->v_type != VREG) {
436 		error = EACCES;
437 		goto badunlock;
438 	}
439 	if ((error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, l->l_cred)) != 0)
440 		goto badunlock;
441 
442 	/* get attributes */
443 	if ((error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &attr, l->l_cred)) != 0)
444 		goto badunlock;
445 
446 	/*
447 	 * Check mount point.  Though we're not trying to exec this binary,
448 	 * we will be executing code from it, so if the mount point
449 	 * disallows execution or set-id-ness, we punt or kill the set-id.
450 	 */
451 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) {
452 		error = EACCES;
453 		goto badunlock;
454 	}
455 	if (vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID)
456 		epp->ep_vap->va_mode &= ~(S_ISUID | S_ISGID);
457 
458 #ifdef notyet /* XXX cgd 960926 */
459 	XXX cgd 960926: (maybe) VOP_OPEN it (and VOP_CLOSE in copyargs?)
460 
461 	XXXps: this problem will make it impossible to use an interpreter
462 	from a file system which actually does something in VOP_OPEN
463 #endif
464 
465 	error = vn_marktext(vp);
466 	if (error)
467 		goto badunlock;
468 
469 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
470 
471 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, 0, &eh, sizeof(eh))) != 0)
472 		goto bad;
473 
474 	if ((error = elf_check_header(&eh, ET_DYN)) != 0)
475 		goto bad;
476 
477 	if (eh.e_phnum > MAXPHNUM || eh.e_phnum == 0) {
478 		error = ENOEXEC;
479 		goto bad;
480 	}
481 
482 	phsize = eh.e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
483 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
484 
485 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, vp, eh.e_phoff, ph, phsize)) != 0)
486 		goto bad;
487 
488 #ifdef ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE
489 	/*
490 	 * Evil hack:  Only MIPS should be non-relocatable, and the
491 	 * psections should have a high address (typically 0x5ffe0000).
492 	 * If it's now relocatable, it should be linked at 0 and the
493 	 * psections should have zeros in the upper part of the address.
494 	 * Otherwise, force the load at the linked address.
495 	 */
496 	if (*last == ELF_LINK_ADDR && (ph->p_vaddr & 0xffff0000) == 0)
497 		*last = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
498 #endif
499 
500 	/*
501 	 * If no position to load the interpreter was set by a probe
502 	 * function, pick the same address that a non-fixed mmap(0, ..)
503 	 * would (i.e. something safely out of the way).
504 	 */
505 	if (*last == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
506 		u_long limit = 0;
507 		/*
508 		 * Find the start and ending addresses of the psections to
509 		 * be loaded.  This will give us the size.
510 		 */
511 		for (i = 0, ph0 = ph, base_ph = NULL; i < eh.e_phnum;
512 		     i++, ph0++) {
513 			if (ph0->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
514 				u_long psize = ph0->p_vaddr + ph0->p_memsz;
515 				if (base_ph == NULL)
516 					base_ph = ph0;
517 				if (psize > limit)
518 					limit = psize;
519 			}
520 		}
521 
522 		if (base_ph == NULL) {
523 			error = ENOEXEC;
524 			goto bad;
525 		}
526 
527 		/*
528 		 * Now compute the size and load address.
529 		 */
530 		addr = (*epp->ep_esch->es_emul->e_vm_default_addr)(p,
531 		    epp->ep_daddr,
532 		    round_page(limit) - trunc_page(base_ph->p_vaddr));
533 	} else
534 		addr = *last; /* may be ELF_LINK_ADDR */
535 
536 	/*
537 	 * Load all the necessary sections
538 	 */
539 	for (i = 0, ph0 = ph, base_ph = NULL, last_ph = NULL;
540 	     i < eh.e_phnum; i++, ph0++) {
541 		switch (ph0->p_type) {
542 		case PT_LOAD: {
543 			u_long size;
544 			int prot = 0;
545 			int flags;
546 
547 			if (base_ph == NULL) {
548 				/*
549 				 * First encountered psection is always the
550 				 * base psection.  Make sure it's aligned
551 				 * properly (align down for topdown and align
552 				 * upwards for not topdown).
553 				 */
554 				base_ph = ph0;
555 				flags = VMCMD_BASE;
556 				if (addr == ELF_LINK_ADDR)
557 					addr = ph0->p_vaddr;
558 				if (p->p_vmspace->vm_map.flags & VM_MAP_TOPDOWN)
559 					addr = ELF_TRUNC(addr, ph0->p_align);
560 				else
561 					addr = ELF_ROUND(addr, ph0->p_align);
562 			} else {
563 				u_long limit = round_page(last_ph->p_vaddr
564 				    + last_ph->p_memsz);
565 				u_long base = trunc_page(ph0->p_vaddr);
566 
567 				/*
568 				 * If there is a gap in between the psections,
569 				 * map it as inaccessible so nothing else
570 				 * mmap'ed will be placed there.
571 				 */
572 				if (limit != base) {
573 					NEW_VMCMD2(vcset, vmcmd_map_zero,
574 					    base - limit,
575 					    limit - base_ph->p_vaddr, NULLVP,
576 					    0, VM_PROT_NONE, VMCMD_RELATIVE);
577 				}
578 
579 				addr = ph0->p_vaddr - base_ph->p_vaddr;
580 				flags = VMCMD_RELATIVE;
581 			}
582 			last_ph = ph0;
583 			elf_load_psection(vcset, vp, &ph[i], &addr,
584 			    &size, &prot, flags);
585 			/*
586 			 * If entry is within this psection then this
587 			 * must contain the .text section.  *entryoff is
588 			 * relative to the base psection.
589 			 */
590 			if (eh.e_entry >= ph0->p_vaddr &&
591 			    eh.e_entry < (ph0->p_vaddr + size)) {
592 				*entryoff = eh.e_entry - base_ph->p_vaddr;
593 			}
594 			addr += size;
595 			break;
596 		}
597 
598 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
599 		case PT_PHDR:
600 			break;
601 
602 		case PT_NOTE:
603 			break;
604 
605 		default:
606 			break;
607 		}
608 	}
609 
610 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
611 	/*
612 	 * This value is ignored if TOPDOWN.
613 	 */
614 	*last = addr;
615 	vrele(vp);
616 	return 0;
617 
618 badunlock:
619 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp);
620 
621 bad:
622 	if (ph != NULL)
623 		kmem_free(ph, phsize);
624 #ifdef notyet /* XXX cgd 960926 */
625 	(maybe) VOP_CLOSE it
626 #endif
627 	vrele(vp);
628 	return error;
629 }
630 
631 /*
632  * exec_elf_makecmds(): Prepare an Elf binary's exec package
633  *
634  * First, set of the various offsets/lengths in the exec package.
635  *
636  * Then, mark the text image busy (so it can be demand paged) or error
637  * out if this is not possible.  Finally, set up vmcmds for the
638  * text, data, bss, and stack segments.
639  */
640 int
641 exec_elf_makecmds(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp)
642 {
643 	Elf_Ehdr *eh = epp->ep_hdr;
644 	Elf_Phdr *ph, *pp;
645 	Elf_Addr phdr = 0, computed_phdr = 0, pos = 0, end_text = 0;
646 	int error, i, nload;
647 	char *interp = NULL;
648 	u_long phsize;
649 	struct proc *p;
650 	struct elf_args *ap = NULL;
651 	bool is_dyn;
652 
653 	if (epp->ep_hdrvalid < sizeof(Elf_Ehdr))
654 		return ENOEXEC;
655 
656 	is_dyn = elf_check_header(eh, ET_DYN) == 0;
657 	/*
658 	 * XXX allow for executing shared objects. It seems silly
659 	 * but other ELF-based systems allow it as well.
660 	 */
661 	if (elf_check_header(eh, ET_EXEC) != 0 && !is_dyn)
662 		return ENOEXEC;
663 
664 	if (eh->e_phnum > MAXPHNUM || eh->e_phnum == 0)
665 		return ENOEXEC;
666 
667 	error = vn_marktext(epp->ep_vp);
668 	if (error)
669 		return error;
670 
671 	/*
672 	 * Allocate space to hold all the program headers, and read them
673 	 * from the file
674 	 */
675 	p = l->l_proc;
676 	phsize = eh->e_phnum * sizeof(Elf_Phdr);
677 	ph = kmem_alloc(phsize, KM_SLEEP);
678 
679 	if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_phoff, ph, phsize)) !=
680 	    0)
681 		goto bad;
682 
683 	epp->ep_taddr = epp->ep_tsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
684 	epp->ep_daddr = epp->ep_dsize = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
685 
686 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
687 		pp = &ph[i];
688 		if (pp->p_type == PT_INTERP) {
689 			if (pp->p_filesz >= MAXPATHLEN) {
690 				error = ENOEXEC;
691 				goto bad;
692 			}
693 			interp = PNBUF_GET();
694 			interp[0] = '\0';
695 			if ((error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp,
696 			    pp->p_offset, interp, pp->p_filesz)) != 0)
697 				goto bad;
698 			break;
699 		}
700 	}
701 
702 	/*
703 	 * On the same architecture, we may be emulating different systems.
704 	 * See which one will accept this executable.
705 	 *
706 	 * Probe functions would normally see if the interpreter (if any)
707 	 * exists. Emulation packages may possibly replace the interpreter in
708 	 * interp[] with a changed path (/emul/xxx/<path>).
709 	 */
710 	pos = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
711 	if (epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func) {
712 		vaddr_t startp = (vaddr_t)pos;
713 
714 		error = (*epp->ep_esch->u.elf_probe_func)(l, epp, eh, interp,
715 							  &startp);
716 		if (error)
717 			goto bad;
718 		pos = (Elf_Addr)startp;
719 	}
720 
721 #if defined(PAX_MPROTECT) || defined(PAX_SEGVGUARD) || defined(PAX_ASLR)
722 	p->p_pax = epp->ep_pax_flags;
723 #endif /* PAX_MPROTECT || PAX_SEGVGUARD || PAX_ASLR */
724 
725 	if (is_dyn)
726 		elf_placedynexec(l, epp, eh, ph);
727 
728 	/*
729 	 * Load all the necessary sections
730 	 */
731 	for (i = nload = 0; i < eh->e_phnum; i++) {
732 		Elf_Addr  addr = ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR);
733 		u_long size = 0;
734 		int prot = 0;
735 
736 		pp = &ph[i];
737 
738 		switch (ph[i].p_type) {
739 		case PT_LOAD:
740 			elf_load_psection(&epp->ep_vmcmds, epp->ep_vp,
741 			    &ph[i], &addr, &size, &prot, VMCMD_FIXED);
742 
743 			/*
744 			 * Consider this as text segment, if it is executable.
745 			 * If there is more than one text segment, pick the
746 			 * largest.
747 			 */
748 			if (ph[i].p_flags & PF_X) {
749 				if (epp->ep_taddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR) ||
750 				    size > epp->ep_tsize) {
751 					epp->ep_taddr = addr;
752 					epp->ep_tsize = size;
753 				}
754 				end_text = addr + size;
755 			} else {
756 				epp->ep_daddr = addr;
757 				epp->ep_dsize = size;
758 			}
759 			if (ph[i].p_offset == 0) {
760 				computed_phdr = ph[i].p_vaddr + eh->e_phoff;
761 			}
762 			break;
763 
764 		case PT_SHLIB:
765 			/* SCO has these sections. */
766 		case PT_INTERP:
767 			/* Already did this one. */
768 		case PT_DYNAMIC:
769 			break;
770 		case PT_NOTE:
771 			break;
772 		case PT_PHDR:
773 			/* Note address of program headers (in text segment) */
774 			phdr = pp->p_vaddr;
775 			break;
776 
777 		default:
778 			/*
779 			 * Not fatal; we don't need to understand everything.
780 			 */
781 			break;
782 		}
783 	}
784 	if (interp || (epp->ep_flags & EXEC_FORCEAUX) != 0) {
785 		ap = malloc(sizeof(struct elf_args), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
786 		ap->arg_interp = (vaddr_t)NULL;
787 	}
788 
789 	if (epp->ep_daddr == ELFDEFNNAME(NO_ADDR)) {
790 		epp->ep_daddr = round_page(end_text);
791 		epp->ep_dsize = 0;
792 	}
793 
794 	/*
795 	 * Check if we found a dynamically linked binary and arrange to load
796 	 * its interpreter
797 	 */
798 	if (interp) {
799 		int j = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_used;
800 		u_long interp_offset;
801 
802 		if ((error = elf_load_file(l, epp, interp,
803 		    &epp->ep_vmcmds, &interp_offset, ap, &pos)) != 0) {
804 			goto bad;
805 		}
806 		ap->arg_interp = epp->ep_vmcmds.evs_cmds[j].ev_addr;
807 		epp->ep_entry = ap->arg_interp + interp_offset;
808 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
809 	} else
810 		epp->ep_entry = eh->e_entry;
811 
812 	if (ap) {
813 		ap->arg_phaddr = phdr ? phdr : computed_phdr;
814 		ap->arg_phentsize = eh->e_phentsize;
815 		ap->arg_phnum = eh->e_phnum;
816 		ap->arg_entry = eh->e_entry;
817 		epp->ep_emul_arg = ap;
818 	}
819 
820 #ifdef ELF_MAP_PAGE_ZERO
821 	/* Dell SVR4 maps page zero, yeuch! */
822 	NEW_VMCMD(&epp->ep_vmcmds, vmcmd_map_readvn, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
823 	    epp->ep_vp, 0, VM_PROT_READ);
824 #endif
825 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
826 	return (*epp->ep_esch->es_setup_stack)(l, epp);
827 
828 bad:
829 	if (interp)
830 		PNBUF_PUT(interp);
831 	if (ap)
832 		free(ap, M_TEMP);
833 	kmem_free(ph, phsize);
834 	kill_vmcmds(&epp->ep_vmcmds);
835 	return error;
836 }
837 
838 int
839 netbsd_elf_signature(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp,
840     Elf_Ehdr *eh)
841 {
842 	size_t i;
843 	Elf_Shdr *sh;
844 	Elf_Nhdr *np;
845 	size_t shsize;
846 	int error;
847 	int isnetbsd = 0;
848 	char *ndata;
849 
850 	epp->ep_pax_flags = 0;
851 	if (eh->e_shnum > MAXSHNUM || eh->e_shnum == 0)
852 		return ENOEXEC;
853 
854 	shsize = eh->e_shnum * sizeof(Elf_Shdr);
855 	sh = kmem_alloc(shsize, KM_SLEEP);
856 	error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, eh->e_shoff, sh, shsize);
857 	if (error)
858 		goto out;
859 
860 	np = kmem_alloc(MAXNOTESIZE, KM_SLEEP);
861 	for (i = 0; i < eh->e_shnum; i++) {
862 		Elf_Shdr *shp = &sh[i];
863 
864 		if (shp->sh_type != SHT_NOTE ||
865 		    shp->sh_size > MAXNOTESIZE ||
866 		    shp->sh_size < sizeof(Elf_Nhdr) + ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ)
867 			continue;
868 
869 		error = exec_read_from(l, epp->ep_vp, shp->sh_offset, np,
870 		    shp->sh_size);
871 		if (error)
872 			continue;
873 
874 		ndata = (char *)(np + 1);
875 		switch (np->n_type) {
876 		case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_NETBSD_TAG:
877 			if (np->n_namesz != ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ ||
878 			    np->n_descsz != ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_DESCSZ ||
879 			    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAME,
880 			    ELF_NOTE_NETBSD_NAMESZ))
881 				goto bad;
882 			isnetbsd = 1;
883 			break;
884 
885 		case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_PAX_TAG:
886 			if (np->n_namesz != ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ ||
887 			    np->n_descsz != ELF_NOTE_PAX_DESCSZ ||
888 			    memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAME,
889 			    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ)) {
890 bad:
891 			    /*
892 			     * Ignore GNU tags
893 			     */
894 			    if (np->n_namesz == ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ &&
895 				memcmp(ndata, ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAME,
896 				ELF_NOTE_GNU_NAMESZ) == 0)
897 					break;
898 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
899 				printf("%s: bad tag %d: "
900 				    "[%d %d, %d %d, %*.*s %*.*s]\n",
901 				    epp->ep_kname,
902 				    np->n_type,
903 				    np->n_namesz, ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
904 				    np->n_descsz, ELF_NOTE_PAX_DESCSZ,
905 				    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
906 				    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
907 				    ndata,
908 				    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
909 				    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
910 				    ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAME);
911 #endif
912 				continue;
913 			}
914 			(void)memcpy(&epp->ep_pax_flags,
915 			    ndata + ELF_NOTE_PAX_NAMESZ,
916 			    sizeof(epp->ep_pax_flags));
917 			break;
918 
919 		case ELF_NOTE_TYPE_SUSE_TAG:
920 			break;
921 
922 		default:
923 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
924 			printf("%s: unknown note type %d\n", epp->ep_kname,
925 			    np->n_type);
926 #endif
927 			break;
928 		}
929 	}
930 	kmem_free(np, MAXNOTESIZE);
931 
932 	error = isnetbsd ? 0 : ENOEXEC;
933 out:
934 	kmem_free(sh, shsize);
935 	return error;
936 }
937 
938 int
939 netbsd_elf_probe(struct lwp *l, struct exec_package *epp, void *eh, char *itp,
940     vaddr_t *pos)
941 {
942 	int error;
943 
944 	if ((error = netbsd_elf_signature(l, epp, eh)) != 0)
945 		return error;
946 #ifdef ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC
947 	if ((error = ELF_MD_PROBE_FUNC(l, epp, eh, itp, pos)) != 0)
948 		return error;
949 #elif defined(ELF_INTERP_NON_RELOCATABLE)
950 	*pos = ELF_LINK_ADDR;
951 #endif
952 	epp->ep_flags |= EXEC_FORCEAUX;
953 	return 0;
954 }
955