1ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 2ba7cbe76Scherry# Thelp DDisplay command help 3ba7cbe76Scherry 4ba7cbe76Scherry help [topic [subtopic]] 5ba7cbe76Scherry help index 6ba7cbe76Scherry 7ba7cbe76Scherry The help command displays help on commands and their usage. 8ba7cbe76Scherry 9ba7cbe76Scherry In command help, a term enclosed with <...> indicates a value as 10ba7cbe76Scherry described by the term. A term enclosed with [...] is optional, 11ba7cbe76Scherry and may not be required by all forms of the command. 12ba7cbe76Scherry 13ba7cbe76Scherry Some commands may not be available. Use the '?' command to list 14ba7cbe76Scherry most available commands. 15ba7cbe76Scherry 16ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 17ba7cbe76Scherry# T? DList available commands 18ba7cbe76Scherry 19ba7cbe76Scherry ? 20ba7cbe76Scherry 21ba7cbe76Scherry Lists all available commands. 22ba7cbe76Scherry 23ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 24ba7cbe76Scherry# Tautoboot DBoot after a delay 25ba7cbe76Scherry 26ba7cbe76Scherry autoboot [<delay> [<prompt>]] 27ba7cbe76Scherry 28ba7cbe76Scherry Displays <prompt> or a default prompt, and counts down <delay> seconds 29ba7cbe76Scherry before attempting to boot. If <delay> is not specified, the default 30ba7cbe76Scherry value is 10. 31ba7cbe76Scherry 32ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 33ba7cbe76Scherry# Tboot DBoot immediately 34ba7cbe76Scherry 35ba7cbe76Scherry boot [<kernelname>] [-<arg> ...] 36ba7cbe76Scherry 37ba7cbe76Scherry Boot the system. If arguments are specified, they are added to the 38ba7cbe76Scherry arguments for the kernel. If <kernelname> is specified, and a kernel 39ba7cbe76Scherry has not already been loaded, it will be booted instead of the default 40ba7cbe76Scherry kernel. 41ba7cbe76Scherry 42ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 43ba7cbe76Scherry# Tbcachestat DGet disk block cache stats 44ba7cbe76Scherry 45ba7cbe76Scherry bcachestat 46ba7cbe76Scherry 47ba7cbe76Scherry Displays statistics about disk cache usage. For depuration only. 48ba7cbe76Scherry 49ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 50ba7cbe76Scherry# Techo DEcho arguments 51ba7cbe76Scherry 52ba7cbe76Scherry echo [-n] [<message>] 53ba7cbe76Scherry 54ba7cbe76Scherry Emits <message>, with no trailing newline if -n is specified. This is 55ba7cbe76Scherry most useful in conjunction with scripts and the '@' line prefix. 56ba7cbe76Scherry 57ba7cbe76Scherry Variables are substituted by prefixing them with $, eg. 58ba7cbe76Scherry 59ba7cbe76Scherry echo Current device is $currdev 60ba7cbe76Scherry 61ba7cbe76Scherry will print the current device. 62ba7cbe76Scherry 63ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 64ba7cbe76Scherry# Tload DLoad a kernel or module 65ba7cbe76Scherry 66ba7cbe76Scherry load [-t <type>] <filename> 67ba7cbe76Scherry 68ba7cbe76Scherry Loads the module contained in <filename> into memory. If no other 69ba7cbe76Scherry modules are loaded, <filename> must be a kernel or the command will 70ba7cbe76Scherry fail. 71ba7cbe76Scherry 72ba7cbe76Scherry If -t is specified, the module is loaded as raw data of <type>, for 73ba7cbe76Scherry later use by the kernel or other modules. <type> may be any string. 74ba7cbe76Scherry 75ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 76ba7cbe76Scherry# Tls DList files 77ba7cbe76Scherry 78ba7cbe76Scherry ls [-l] [<path>] 79ba7cbe76Scherry 80ba7cbe76Scherry Displays a listing of files in the directory <path>, or the root 81ba7cbe76Scherry directory of the current device if <path> is not specified. 82ba7cbe76Scherry 83ba7cbe76Scherry The -l argument displays file sizes as well; the process of obtaining 84ba7cbe76Scherry file sizes on some media may be very slow. 85ba7cbe76Scherry 86ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 87ba7cbe76Scherry# Tlsdev DList devices 88ba7cbe76Scherry 89ba7cbe76Scherry lsdev [-v] 90ba7cbe76Scherry 91ba7cbe76Scherry List all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. 92ba7cbe76Scherry If -v is specified, print more details. 93ba7cbe76Scherry 94ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 95ba7cbe76Scherry# Tlsmod DList modules 96ba7cbe76Scherry 97ba7cbe76Scherry lsmod [-v] 98ba7cbe76Scherry 99ba7cbe76Scherry List loaded modules. If [-v] is specified, print more details. 100ba7cbe76Scherry 101ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 102ba7cbe76Scherry# Tmore DPage files 103ba7cbe76Scherry 104ba7cbe76Scherry more <filename> [<filename> ...] 105ba7cbe76Scherry 106ba7cbe76Scherry Show contents of text files. When displaying the contents of more, 107ba7cbe76Scherry than one file, if the user elects to quit displaying a file, the 108ba7cbe76Scherry remaining files will not be shown. 109ba7cbe76Scherry 110ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 111ba7cbe76Scherry# Tpnpscan DScan for PnP devices 112ba7cbe76Scherry 113ba7cbe76Scherry pnpscan [-v] 114ba7cbe76Scherry 115ba7cbe76Scherry Scan for Plug-and-Play devices. This command is normally automatically 116ba7cbe76Scherry run as part of the boot process, in order to dynamically load modules 117ba7cbe76Scherry required for system operation. 118ba7cbe76Scherry 119ba7cbe76Scherry If the -v argument is specified, details on the devices found will 120ba7cbe76Scherry be printed. 121ba7cbe76Scherry 122ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 123ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset DSet a variable 124ba7cbe76Scherry 125ba7cbe76Scherry set <variable name> 126ba7cbe76Scherry set <variable name>=<value> 127ba7cbe76Scherry 128ba7cbe76Scherry The set command is used to set variables. 129ba7cbe76Scherry 130ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 131ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sautoboot_delay DSet the default autoboot delay 132ba7cbe76Scherry 133ba7cbe76Scherry set autoboot_delay=<value> 134ba7cbe76Scherry 135ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the default delay for the autoboot command to <value> seconds. 136ba7cbe76Scherry 137ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 138ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sbootfile DSet the default boot file set 139ba7cbe76Scherry 140ba7cbe76Scherry set bootfile=<filename>[;<filename>...] 141ba7cbe76Scherry 142ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the default set of kernel boot filename(s). It may be overridden 143ba7cbe76Scherry by setting the bootfile variable to a semicolon-separated list of 144ba7cbe76Scherry filenames, each of which will be searched for in the module_path 145ba7cbe76Scherry directories. The default bootfile set is "kernel". 146ba7cbe76Scherry 147ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 148ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_askname DPrompt for root device 149ba7cbe76Scherry 150ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_askname 151ba7cbe76Scherry 152ba7cbe76Scherry Instructs the kernel to prompt the user for the name of the root device 153ba7cbe76Scherry when the kernel is booted. 154ba7cbe76Scherry 155ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 156ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_cdrom DMount root file system from CD-ROM 157ba7cbe76Scherry 158ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_cdrom 159ba7cbe76Scherry 160ba7cbe76Scherry Instructs the kernel to try to mount the root file system from CD-ROM. 161ba7cbe76Scherry 162ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 163ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_ddb DDrop to the kernel debugger (DDB) 164ba7cbe76Scherry 165ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_ddb 166ba7cbe76Scherry 167ba7cbe76Scherry Instructs the kernel to start in the DDB debugger, rather than 168ba7cbe76Scherry proceeding to initialize when booted. 169ba7cbe76Scherry 170ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 171ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_gdb DSelect gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger 172ba7cbe76Scherry 173ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_gdb 174ba7cbe76Scherry 175ba7cbe76Scherry Selects gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger by default. 176ba7cbe76Scherry 177ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 178ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_multicons DUse multiple consoles 179ba7cbe76Scherry 180ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_multicons 181ba7cbe76Scherry 182ba7cbe76Scherry Enables multiple console support in the kernel early on boot. 183ba7cbe76Scherry In a running system, console configuration can be manipulated 184ba7cbe76Scherry by the conscontrol(8) utility. 185ba7cbe76Scherry 186ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 187ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_serial DUse serial console 188ba7cbe76Scherry 189ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_serial 190ba7cbe76Scherry 191ba7cbe76Scherry Force the use of a serial console even when an internal console 192ba7cbe76Scherry is present. 193ba7cbe76Scherry 194ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 195ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_single DStart system in single-user mode 196ba7cbe76Scherry 197ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_single 198ba7cbe76Scherry 199ba7cbe76Scherry Prevents the kernel from initiating a multi-user startup; instead, 200ba7cbe76Scherry a single-user mode will be entered when the kernel has finished 201ba7cbe76Scherry device probes. 202ba7cbe76Scherry 203ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 204ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sboot_verbose DVerbose boot messages 205ba7cbe76Scherry 206ba7cbe76Scherry set boot_verbose 207ba7cbe76Scherry 208ba7cbe76Scherry Setting this variable causes extra debugging information to be printed 209ba7cbe76Scherry by the kernel during the boot phase. 210ba7cbe76Scherry 211ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 212ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sconsole DSet the current console 213ba7cbe76Scherry 214ba7cbe76Scherry set console[=<value>] 215ba7cbe76Scherry 216ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the current console. If <value> is omitted, a list of valid 217ba7cbe76Scherry consoles will be displayed. 218ba7cbe76Scherry 219ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 220ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Scurrdev DSet the current device 221ba7cbe76Scherry 222ba7cbe76Scherry set currdev=<device> 223ba7cbe76Scherry 224ba7cbe76Scherry Selects the default device. Syntax for devices is odd. 225ba7cbe76Scherry 226ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 227ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sinit_path DSet the list of init candidates 228ba7cbe76Scherry 229ba7cbe76Scherry set init_path=<path>[:<path>...] 230ba7cbe76Scherry 231ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the list of binaries which the kernel will try to run as initial 232ba7cbe76Scherry process. 233ba7cbe76Scherry 234ba7cbe76Scherry 235ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 236ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Smodule_path DSet the module search path 237ba7cbe76Scherry 238ba7cbe76Scherry set module_path=<path>[;<path>...] 239ba7cbe76Scherry 240ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the list of directories which will be searched in for modules 241ba7cbe76Scherry named in a load command or implicitly required by a dependency. The 242ba7cbe76Scherry default module_path is "/boot/modules" with the kernel directory 243ba7cbe76Scherry prepended. 244ba7cbe76Scherry 245ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 246ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Sprompt DSet the command prompt 247ba7cbe76Scherry 248ba7cbe76Scherry set prompt=<value> 249ba7cbe76Scherry 250ba7cbe76Scherry The command prompt is displayed when the loader is waiting for input. 251ba7cbe76Scherry Variable substitution is performed on the prompt. The default 252ba7cbe76Scherry prompt can be set with: 253ba7cbe76Scherry 254ba7cbe76Scherry set prompt=\${interpret} 255ba7cbe76Scherry 256ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 257ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Srootdev DSet the root filesystem 258ba7cbe76Scherry 259ba7cbe76Scherry set rootdev=<path> 260ba7cbe76Scherry 261ba7cbe76Scherry By default the value of $currdev is used to set the root filesystem 262ba7cbe76Scherry when the kernel is booted. This can be overridden by setting 263ba7cbe76Scherry $rootdev explicitly. 264ba7cbe76Scherry 265ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 266ba7cbe76Scherry# Tset Stunables DSet kernel tunable values 267ba7cbe76Scherry 268ba7cbe76Scherry Various kernel tunable parameters can be overridden by specifying new 269ba7cbe76Scherry values in the environment. 270ba7cbe76Scherry 271*d621e29eSjoerg set kern.ipc.nmbclusters=<value> 272ba7cbe76Scherry 273ba7cbe76Scherry Set the number of mbuf clusters to be allocated. The value 274ba7cbe76Scherry cannot be set below the default determined when the kernel 275ba7cbe76Scherry was compiled. 276ba7cbe76Scherry 277ba7cbe76Scherry set kern.ipc.nsfbufs=<value> NSFBUFS 278ba7cbe76Scherry 279ba7cbe76Scherry Set the number of sendfile buffers to be allocated. This 280ba7cbe76Scherry overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled. 281ba7cbe76Scherry 282ba7cbe76Scherry set vm.kmem_size=<value> VM_KMEM_SIZE 283ba7cbe76Scherry 284ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the size of kernel memory (bytes). This overrides 285ba7cbe76Scherry the value determined when the kernel was compiled. 286ba7cbe76Scherry 287ba7cbe76Scherry set machdep.disable_mtrrs=1 288ba7cbe76Scherry 289ba7cbe76Scherry Disable the use of i686 MTRRs (i386 only) 290ba7cbe76Scherry 291ba7cbe76Scherry set net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize=<value> TCBHASHSIZE 292ba7cbe76Scherry 293ba7cbe76Scherry Overrides the compile-time set value of TCBHASHSIZE or 294ba7cbe76Scherry the preset default of 512. Must be a power of 2. 295ba7cbe76Scherry 296ba7cbe76Scherry hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch=<value> 297ba7cbe76Scherry 298ba7cbe76Scherry Disable VT switching on suspend. 299ba7cbe76Scherry 300ba7cbe76Scherry value is 0 (default) or non-zero to enable. 301ba7cbe76Scherry 302ba7cbe76Scherry set hw.physmem=<value> MAXMEM (i386 only) 303ba7cbe76Scherry 304ba7cbe76Scherry Limits the amount of physical memory space available to 305ba7cbe76Scherry the system to <value> bytes. <value> may have a k, M or G 306ba7cbe76Scherry suffix to indicate kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes 307ba7cbe76Scherry respectively. Note that the current i386 architecture 308ba7cbe76Scherry limits this value to 4GB. 309ba7cbe76Scherry 310ba7cbe76Scherry On systems where memory cannot be accurately probed, 311ba7cbe76Scherry this option provides a hint as to the actual size of 312ba7cbe76Scherry system memory (which will be tested before use). 313ba7cbe76Scherry 314ba7cbe76Scherry set hw.{acpi,pci}.host_start_mem=<value> 315ba7cbe76Scherry 316ba7cbe76Scherry Sets the lowest address that the pci code will assign 317ba7cbe76Scherry when it doesn't have other information about the address 318ba7cbe76Scherry to assign (like from a pci bridge). This is only useful 319ba7cbe76Scherry in older systems without a pci bridge. Also, it only 320ba7cbe76Scherry impacts devices that the BIOS doesn't assign to, typically 321ba7cbe76Scherry CardBus bridges. The default <value> is 0x80000000, but 322ba7cbe76Scherry some systems need values like 0xf0000000, 0xfc000000 or 323ba7cbe76Scherry 0xfe000000 may be suitable for older systems (the older 324ba7cbe76Scherry the system, the higher the number typically should be). 325ba7cbe76Scherry 326ba7cbe76Scherry set hw.pci.enable_io_modes=<value> 327ba7cbe76Scherry 328ba7cbe76Scherry Enable PCI resources which are left off by some BIOSes 329ba7cbe76Scherry or are not enabled correctly by the device driver. 330ba7cbe76Scherry 331ba7cbe76Scherry value is 1 (default), but this may cause problems with 332ba7cbe76Scherry some peripherals. Set to 0 to disable. 333ba7cbe76Scherry 334ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 335ba7cbe76Scherry# Tshow DShow the values of variables 336ba7cbe76Scherry 337ba7cbe76Scherry show [<variable>] 338ba7cbe76Scherry 339ba7cbe76Scherry Displays the value of <variable>, or all variables if not specified. 340ba7cbe76Scherry Multiple paths can be separated with a semicolon. 341ba7cbe76Scherry 342ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 343ba7cbe76Scherry# Tinclude DRead commands from a script file 344ba7cbe76Scherry 345ba7cbe76Scherry include <filename> [<filename> ...] 346ba7cbe76Scherry 347ba7cbe76Scherry The entire contents of <filename> are read into memory before executing 348ba7cbe76Scherry commands, so it is safe to source a file from removable media. 349ba7cbe76Scherry 350ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 351ba7cbe76Scherry# Tread DRead input from the terminal 352ba7cbe76Scherry 353ba7cbe76Scherry read [-t <value>] [-p <prompt>] [<variable name>] 354ba7cbe76Scherry 355ba7cbe76Scherry The read command reads a line of input from the terminal. If the 356ba7cbe76Scherry -t argument is specified, it will return nothing if no input has been 357ba7cbe76Scherry received after <value> seconds. (Any keypress will cancel the 358ba7cbe76Scherry timeout). 359ba7cbe76Scherry 360ba7cbe76Scherry If -p is specified, <prompt> is printed before reading input. No 361ba7cbe76Scherry newline is emitted after the prompt. 362ba7cbe76Scherry 363ba7cbe76Scherry If a variable name is supplied, the variable is set to the value read, 364ba7cbe76Scherry less any terminating newline. 365ba7cbe76Scherry 366ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 367ba7cbe76Scherry# Tunload DRemove all modules from memory 368ba7cbe76Scherry 369ba7cbe76Scherry unload 370ba7cbe76Scherry 371ba7cbe76Scherry This command removes any kernel and all loaded modules from memory. 372ba7cbe76Scherry 373ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 374ba7cbe76Scherry# Tunset DUnset a variable 375ba7cbe76Scherry 376ba7cbe76Scherry unset <variable name> 377ba7cbe76Scherry 378ba7cbe76Scherry If allowed, the named variable's value is discarded and the variable 379ba7cbe76Scherry is removed. 380ba7cbe76Scherry 381ba7cbe76Scherry################################################################################ 382