1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | v 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | 147 | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4 | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | 149 | | | | | | 150 | | | | | OpenBSD 3.0 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | 152 | | | | | | 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 | | | | 154 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | 155 | v | | | | 156 | | | v | 157 | | | | 158FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 159 | | | | 160 v | v v 161 Mac OS X 162 10.1 163 164Time 165---------------- 166 167Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 168was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 169 170[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 171 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 172 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 173[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 174[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 175[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 176[U25] Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. 177[USE] Usenet announcement. 178[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 179 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 180 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 181[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 182 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 183[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 184 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 185[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 186[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 187[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 188[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 189[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 190[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 191 192Multics 1965 193UNIX Summer 1969 194 DEC PDP-7 195First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 196 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 197Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 198 10 UNIX installations 199Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 200 Pipes, 16 installations 201Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 202 rewriting in C effected, 203 above 30 installations 204Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 205 above 50 installations 206Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 207 port to DEC Vax 208Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 209 first portable UNIX 210Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 211 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 212 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 213 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 214 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 215 and networking part by the streams mechanism 216 217Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 218Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 219 2201BSD late 1977 221 1978-03-09 [QCU] 222 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 223 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 224 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2252BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 226 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2272.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2282.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 229 2302.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 231 set of performance improvements 2322.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2332.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2342.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2352.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2362.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2372.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2382.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 239 24032V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2413BSD late 1979 [QCU] 242 virtual memory, page replacement, 243 demand paging 2444.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2454.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2464.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 247 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2484.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2494.1cBSD late 1982 250 beta release, IPC [44B] 2514.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 252 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2534.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 254 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2554.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2564.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 257 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2584.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2594.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 260 261BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 262 first code released to people outside BSDI 263386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 264BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 265BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 266386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2674.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 268BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 269 first external gamma; G customers 270BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 271 would have been 1.0 except for request 272 for preliminary injunction 273BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 274 injunction denied; first official release 275NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2764.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 277NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 278FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 279BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2804.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 281FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 282FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 283 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 284NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 285386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 286FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 287BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 288FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 289BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2904.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 291 the true final distribution from the CSRG 292FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 293NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 294BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 295FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 296NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 297OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 298FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 299FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 300Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 301FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 302BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 303FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 304FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 305FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 306NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 307OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 308FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 309OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 310NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 311FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 312NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 313BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 314OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 315NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 316FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 317BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 318 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 319FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 320 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 321 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 322 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 323FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 324OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 325NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 326FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 327BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 328NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 329FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 330OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 331NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 332FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 333OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 334FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 335BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 336FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 337NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 338OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 339FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 340FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 341FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 342FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 343FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 344NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 345BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 346OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 347NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 348Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 349FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 350OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 351NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 352NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 353FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 354Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-xx [APL] 355OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 356FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 357FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-xx [FBD] 358NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 359 360 361Bibliography 362------------------------ 363 364Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 365Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 366System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 367 368Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 369Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 370 371McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 372Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 373System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 374 375Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 376 377Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 378Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 379Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 380 381Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 382URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 383 384Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 385Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 386 387BSD Release Announcements collection. 388URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 389 390BSD Hypertext Man Pages 391URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 392 393UNIX history graphing project 394URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 395 396UNIX history 397URL: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/levenez/unix/ 398 399James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 400URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 401("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 402 403 404Acknowledgments 405--------------- 406 407Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 408original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 409 410Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 411 412-- 413Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 414URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 415 416$FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.58 2002/03/10 19:00:37 wosch Exp $ 417