1.\" $NetBSD: afterboot.8,v 1.53 2016/12/17 07:37:24 maya Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: afterboot.8,v 1.72 2002/02/22 02:02:33 miod Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Originally created by Marshall M. Midden -- 1997-10-20, m4@umn.edu 5.\" Adapted to NetBSD by Julio Merino -- 2002-05-10, jmmv@NetBSD.org 6.\" 7.\" 8.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 9.\" All rights reserved. 10.\" 11.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 12.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 13.\" are met: 14.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 15.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 16.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 17.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 18.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 21.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 22.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 23.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 24.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 25.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 26.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 27.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 28.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 29.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 30.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" 33.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Marshall M. Midden 34.\" All rights reserved. 35.\" 36.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 37.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 38.\" are met: 39.\" 40.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 41.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 42.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 43.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 44.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 45.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 46.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 47.\" This product includes software developed by Marshall M. Midden. 48.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 49.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 50.\" 51.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 52.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 53.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 54.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 55.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 56.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 57.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 58.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 59.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 60.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 61.\" 62.Dd December 17, 2016 63.Dt AFTERBOOT 8 64.Os 65.Sh NAME 66.Nm afterboot 67.Nd things to check after the first complete boot 68.Sh DESCRIPTION 69.Ss Starting Out 70This document attempts to list items for the system administrator 71to check and set up after the installation and first complete boot of the 72system. 73The idea is to create a list of items that can be checked off so that you have 74a warm fuzzy feeling that something obvious has not been missed. 75A basic knowledge of 76.Ux 77is assumed. 78.Pp 79Complete instructions for correcting and fixing items is not provided. 80There are manual pages and other methodologies available for doing that. 81For example, to view the man page for the 82.Xr ls 1 83command, type: 84.Bd -literal -offset indent 85.Ic man 1 ls 86.Ed 87.Pp 88Administrators will rapidly become more familiar with 89.Nx 90if they get used to using the manual pages. 91.Ss Security alerts 92By the time that you have installed your system, it is quite likely that 93bugs in the release have been found. 94All significant and easily fixed problems will be reported at 95.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/ . 96It is recommended that you check this page regularly. 97.Pp 98Additionally, you should set 99.Dq fetch_pkg_vulnerabilities=YES 100in 101.Pa /etc/daily.conf 102to allow your system to automatically update the local database of known 103vulnerable packages to the latest version available on-line. 104The system will later check, on a daily basis, if any of your installed 105packages are vulnerable based on the contents of this database. 106See 107.Xr daily.conf 5 108and 109.Xr security.conf 5 110for more details. 111.Ss Login 112Login as 113.Dq Ic root . 114You can do so on the console, or over the network using 115.Xr ssh 1 . 116If you have enabled the SSH daemon (see 117.Xr sshd 8 ) 118and wish to allow root logins over the network, edit the 119.Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config 120file and set 121.Dq PermitRootLogin 122to 123.Dq yes 124(see 125.Xr sshd_config 5 ) . 126The default is to not permit root logins over the network 127after fresh install in 128.Nx . 129.Pp 130Upon successful login on the console, you may see the message 131.Dq We recommend creating a non-root account... . 132For security reasons, it is bad practice to login as root during 133regular use and maintenance of the system. 134In fact, the system will only let you login as root on a secure 135terminal. 136By default, only the console is considered to be a secure terminal. 137Instead, administrators are encouraged to add a 138.Dq regular 139user, add said user to the 140.Dq wheel 141group, then use the 142.Xr su 1 143command when root privileges are required. 144This process is described in more detail later. 145.Ss Root password 146Change the password for the root user. 147(Note that throughout the documentation, the term 148.Dq superuser 149is a synonym for the root user.) 150Choose a password that has numbers, digits, and special characters (not space) 151as well as from the upper and lower case alphabet. 152Do not choose any word in any language. 153It is common for an intruder to use dictionary attacks. 154Type the command 155.Ic /usr/bin/passwd 156to change it. 157.Pp 158It is a good idea to always specify the full path name for both the 159.Xr passwd 1 160and 161.Xr su 1 162commands as this inhibits the possibility of files placed in your execution 163.Ev PATH 164for most shells. 165Furthermore, the superuser's 166.Ev PATH 167should never contain the current directory 168.Po Dq \&. 169.Pc . 170.Ss System date 171Check the system date with the 172.Xr date 1 173command. 174If needed, change the date, and/or change the symbolic link of 175.Pa /etc/localtime 176to the correct time zone in the 177.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo 178directory. 179.Pp 180Examples: 181.Bl -tag -width date 182.It Cm date 200205101820 183Set the current date to May 10th, 2002 6:20pm. 184.It Cm ln -fs /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Helsinki /etc/localtime 185Set the time zone to Eastern Europe Summer Time. 186.El 187.Ss Console settings 188One of the first things you will likely need to do is to set up your 189keyboard map (and maybe some other aspects about the system console). 190To change your keyboard encoding, edit the 191.Dq Va encoding 192variable found in 193.Pa /etc/wscons.conf . 194.Pp 195.Xr wscons.conf 5 196contains more information about this file. 197.Ss Check hostname 198Use the 199.Ic hostname 200command to verify that the name of your machine is correct. 201See the man page for 202.Xr hostname 1 203if it needs to be changed. 204You will also need to change the contents of the 205.Dq Va hostname 206variable in 207.Pa /etc/rc.conf 208or edit the 209.Pa /etc/myname 210file to have it stick around for the next reboot. 211Note that 212.Dq Va hostname 213is supposed include a domainname, and that this should 214not be confused with YP (NIS) 215.Xr domainname 1 . 216If you are using 217.Xr dhcpcd 8 218to configure network interfaces, it might override these local hostname 219settings if your DHCP server specifies client's hostname with other network 220configurations. 221.Ss Verify network interface configuration 222The first thing to do is an 223.Ic ifconfig -a 224to see if the network interfaces are properly configured. 225Correct by editing 226.Pa /etc/ifconfig. Ns Ar interface 227or the corresponding 228.Dq Va ifconfig_ Ns Ar interface 229variable in 230.Xr rc.conf 5 231(where 232.Ar interface 233is the interface name, e.g., 234.Dq le0 ) 235and then using 236.Xr ifconfig 8 237to manually configure it 238if you do not wish to reboot. 239.Pp 240Alternatively, you can configure interfaces automatically via DHCP with 241.Xr dhcpcd 8 242if you have a DHCP server running somewhere on your network. 243To get 244.Xr dhcpcd 8 245to start automatically on boot, 246you will need to have this line in 247.Pa /etc/rc.conf : 248.Pp 249.Dl dhcpcd=YES 250.Pp 251See 252.Xr dhcpcd 8 253and 254.Xr dhcpcd.conf 5 255for more information on setting up a DHCP client. 256.Pp 257You can add new 258.Dq virtual interfaces 259by adding the required entries to 260.Pa /etc/ifconfig. Ns Ar interface . 261Read the 262.Xr ifconfig.if 5 263man page for more information on the format of 264.Pa /etc/ifconfig. Ns Ar interface 265files. 266The loopback interface will look something like: 267.Bd -literal -offset indent 268lo0: flags=8009\*[Lt]UP,LOOPBACK,MULTICAST\*[Gt] mtu 32972 269 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 270 inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x3 271 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 272.Ed 273.Pp 274an Ethernet interface something like: 275.Bd -literal -offset indent 276le0: flags=9863\*[Lt]UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST\*[Gt] 277 inet 192.168.4.52 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.4.255 278 inet6 fe80::5ef0:f0f0%le0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 279.Ed 280.Pp 281and a PPP interface something like: 282.Bd -literal -offset indent 283ppp0: flags=8051\*[Lt]UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST\*[Gt] 284 inet 203.3.131.108 --\*[Gt] 198.181.0.253 netmask 0xffff0000 285.Ed 286.Pp 287See 288.Xr mrouted 8 289for instructions on configuring multicast routing. 290.Ss Check routing tables 291Issue a 292.Ic netstat -rn 293command. 294The output will look something like: 295.Bd -literal -offset indent 296Routing tables 297 298Internet: 299Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface 300default 192.168.4.254 UGS 0 11098028 - le0 301127 127.0.0.1 UGRS 0 0 - lo0 302127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 24 - lo0 303192.168.4 link#1 UC 0 0 - le0 304192.168.4.52 8:0:20:73:b8:4a UHL 1 6707 - le0 305192.168.4.254 0:60:3e:99:67:ea UHL 1 0 - le0 306 307Internet6: 308Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mtu Interface 309::/96 ::1 UGRS 0 0 32972 lo0 =\*[Gt] 310::1 ::1 UH 4 0 32972 lo0 311::ffff:0.0.0.0/96 ::1 UGRS 0 0 32972 lo0 312fc80::/10 ::1 UGRS 0 0 32972 lo0 313fe80::/10 ::1 UGRS 0 0 32972 lo0 314fe80::%le0/64 link#1 UC 0 0 1500 le0 315fe80::%lo0/64 fe80::1%lo0 U 0 0 32972 lo0 316ff01::/32 ::1 U 0 0 32972 lo0 317ff02::%le0/32 link#1 UC 0 0 1500 le0 318ff02::%lo0/32 fe80::1%lo0 UC 0 0 32972 lo0 319.Ed 320.Pp 321The default gateway address is stored in the 322.Dq Va defaultroute 323variable in 324.Pa /etc/rc.conf , 325or in the file 326.Pa /etc/mygate . 327If you need to edit this file, a painless way to reconfigure the network 328afterwards is to issue 329.Bd -literal -offset indent 330.Ic /etc/rc.d/network restart 331.Ed 332.Pp 333Or, you may prefer to manually configure using a series of 334.Ic route add 335and 336.Ic route delete 337commands (see 338.Xr route 8 ) . 339If you run 340.Xr dhcpcd 8 341you will have to kill it by running 342.Bd -literal -offset indent 343.Ic /etc/rc.d/dhcpcd stop 344.Ed 345.Pp 346before you flush the routes. 347.Pp 348If you wish to route packets between interfaces, add one or both 349of the following directives (depending on whether IPv4 or IPv6 routing 350is required) to 351.Pa /etc/sysctl.conf : 352.Pp 353.Dl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 354.Dl net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 355.Pp 356As an alternative, compile a new kernel with the 357.Dq GATEWAY 358option. 359Packets are not forwarded by default, due to RFC requirements. 360.Ss Secure Shell (SSH) 361By default, all services are disabled in a fresh 362.Nx 363installation, and SSH is no exception. 364You may wish to enable it so you can remotely control your system. 365Set 366.Dq Va sshd=YES 367in 368.Pa /etc/rc.conf 369and then starting the server with the command 370.Bd -literal -offset indent 371.Ic /etc/rc.d/sshd start 372.Ed 373.Pp 374The first time the server is started, it will generate a new keypair, 375which will be stored inside the directory 376.Pa /etc/ssh . 377.Ss Host names and DNS 378The system resolves host names according the rules for hosts in the 379name service switch configuration at 380.Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf . 381By default, it will query 382.Pa /etc/hosts 383first, and then the DNS resolver specified in 384.Pa /etc/resolv.conf . 385.Pp 386If your network does not have a usable DNS resolver, e.g. one provided 387by DHCP, you can run a local caching recursive resolver by setting 388.Dq named=YES 389in 390.Pa /etc/rc.conf 391and either rebooting or running the following command: 392.Bd -literal -offset indent 393.Ic /etc/rc.d/named start 394.Ed 395.Pp 396.Xr named 8 397is configured in 398.Pa /etc/named.conf 399by default to run as a local caching recursive resolver. 400Then, to make the system use it, put the following in 401.Pa /etc/resolv.conf : 402.Bd -literal -offset indent 403nameserver 127.0.0.1 404.Ed 405.Ss RPC-based network services 406Several services depend on the RPC portmapper 407.Xr rpcbind 8 408- formerly known as 409.Ic portmap 410- being running for proper operation. 411This includes YP (NIS) and NFS exports, among other services. 412To get the RPC portmapper to start automatically on boot, 413you will need to have this line in 414.Pa /etc/rc.conf : 415.Pp 416.Dl rpcbind=YES 417.Ss YP (NIS) Setup 418Check the YP domain name with the 419.Xr domainname 1 420command. 421If necessary, correct it by editing the 422.Pa /etc/defaultdomain 423file or by setting the 424.Dq Va domainname 425variable in 426.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 427The 428.Pa /etc/rc.d/network 429script reads this file on bootup to determine and set the domain name. 430You may also set the running system's domain name with the 431.Xr domainname 1 432command. 433To start YP client services, simply run 434.Ic ypbind , 435then perform the remaining 436YP activation as described in 437.Xr passwd 5 438and 439.Xr group 5 . 440.Pp 441In particular, to enable YP passwd support, you'll need to update 442.Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf 443to include 444.Dq nis 445for the 446.Dq passwd 447and 448.Dq group 449entries. 450A traditional way to accomplish the same thing is to 451add following entry to local passwd database via 452.Xr vipw 8 : 453.Bd -literal -offset indent 454.Li +:*:::::::: 455.Ed 456.Pp 457Note this entry has to be the very last one. 458This traditional way works with the default 459.Xr nsswitch.conf 5 460setting of 461.Dq passwd , 462which is 463.Dq compat . 464.Pp 465There are many more YP man pages available to help you. 466You can find more information by starting with 467.Xr nis 8 . 468.Ss Check disk mounts 469Check that the disks are mounted correctly by 470comparing the 471.Pa /etc/fstab 472file against the output of the 473.Xr mount 8 474and 475.Xr df 1 476commands. 477Example: 478.Bd -literal -offset indent 479.Li # Ic cat /etc/fstab 480/dev/sd0a / ffs rw 1 1 481/dev/sd0b none swap sw 482/dev/sd0e /usr ffs rw 1 2 483/dev/sd0f /var ffs rw 1 3 484/dev/sd0g /tmp ffs rw 1 4 485/dev/sd0h /home ffs rw 1 5 486 487.Li # Ic mount 488/dev/sd0a on / type ffs (local) 489/dev/sd0e on /usr type ffs (local) 490/dev/sd0f on /var type ffs (local) 491/dev/sd0g on /tmp type ffs (local) 492/dev/sd0h on /home type ffs (local) 493 494.Li # Ic df 495Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on 496/dev/sd0a 22311 14589 6606 69% / 497/dev/sd0e 203399 150221 43008 78% /usr 498/dev/sd0f 10447 682 9242 7% /var 499/dev/sd0g 18823 2 17879 0% /tmp 500/dev/sd0h 7519 5255 1888 74% /home 501 502.Li # Ic pstat -s 503Device 512-blocks Used Avail Capacity Priority 504/dev/sd0b 131072 84656 46416 65% 0 505.Ed 506.Pp 507Edit 508.Pa /etc/fstab 509and use the 510.Xr mount 8 511and 512.Xr umount 8 513commands as appropriate. 514Refer to the above example and 515.Xr fstab 5 516for information on the format of this file. 517.Pp 518You may wish to do NFS mounts now too, or you can do them later. 519.Ss Concatenated disks (ccd) 520If you are using 521.Xr ccd 4 522concatenated disks, edit 523.Pa /etc/ccd.conf . 524You may wish to take a look to 525.Xr ccdconfig 8 526for more information about this file. 527Use the 528.Ic ccdconfig -U 529command to unload and the 530.Ic ccdconfig -C 531command to create tables internal to the kernel for the concatenated disks. 532You then 533.Xr mount 8 , 534.Xr umount 8 , 535and edit 536.Pa /etc/fstab 537as needed. 538.Ss Automounter daemon (AMD) 539To use the 540.Xr amd 8 541automounter, create the 542.Pa /etc/amd 543directory, copy example config files from 544.Pa /usr/share/examples/amd 545to 546.Pa /etc/amd 547and customize them as needed. 548Alternatively, you can get your maps with YP. 549.Ss Clock synchronization 550In order to make sure the system clock is synchronized 551to that of a publicly accessible NTP server, 552make sure that 553.Pa /etc/rc.conf 554contains the following: 555.Pp 556.Dl ntpdate=YES 557.Dl ntpd=YES 558.Pp 559See 560.Xr date 1 , 561.Xr ntpdate 8 , 562.Xr ntpd 8 , 563.Xr rdate 8 , 564and 565.Xr timed 8 566for more information on setting the system's date. 567.Sh CHANGING /etc FILES 568The system should be usable now, but you may wish to do more customizing, 569such as adding users, etc. 570Many of the following sections may be skipped 571if you are not using that package (for example, skip the 572.Sx Kerberos 573section if you won't be using Kerberos). 574We suggest that you 575.Ic cd /etc 576and edit most of the files in that directory. 577.Pp 578Note that the 579.Pa /etc/motd 580file is modified by 581.Pa /etc/rc.d/motd 582whenever the system is booted. 583To keep any custom message intact, ensure that you leave two blank lines 584at the top, or your message will be overwritten. 585.Ss Add new users 586To add new users and groups, there are 587.Xr useradd 8 588and 589.Xr groupadd 8 ; 590see also 591.Xr user 8 592for further programs for user and group manipulation. 593You may use 594.Xr vipw 8 595to add users to the 596.Pa /etc/passwd 597file 598and edit 599.Pa /etc/group 600by hand to add new groups. 601The manual page for 602.Xr su 1 , 603tells you to make sure to put people in 604the 605.Sq wheel 606group if they need root access (non-Kerberos). 607For example: 608.Bd -literal -offset indent 609wheel:*:0:root,myself 610.Ed 611.Pp 612Follow instructions for 613.Xr kerberos 8 614if using 615Kerberos 616for authentication. 617.Ss System boot scripts and /etc/rc.local 618.Pa /etc/rc 619and the 620.Pa /etc/rc.d/* 621scripts are invoked at boot time after single user mode has exited, 622and at shutdown. 623The whole process is controlled by the master script 624.Pa /etc/rc . 625This script should not be changed by administrators. 626.Pp 627The directory 628.Pa /etc/rc.d 629contains a series of scripts used at startup/shutdown, called by 630.Pa /etc/rc . 631.Pa /etc/rc 632is in turn influenced by the configuration variables present in 633.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 634.Pp 635The script 636.Pa /etc/rc.local 637is run as the last thing during multiuser boot, and is provided 638to allow any other local hooks necessary for the system. 639.Ss rc.conf 640To enable or disable various services on system startup, 641corresponding entries can be made in 642.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 643You can take a look at 644.Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf 645to see a list of default system variables, which you can override in 646.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 647Note you are 648.Em not 649supposed to change 650.Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf 651directly, edit only 652.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 653See 654.Xr rc.conf 5 655for further information. 656.Ss X Display Manager 657If you've installed X, you may want to turn on 658.Xr xdm 1 , 659the X Display Manager. 660To do this, set 661.Dq xdm=YES 662in 663.Pa /etc/rc.conf . 664.Ss Printers 665Edit 666.Pa /etc/printcap 667and 668.Pa /etc/hosts.lpd 669to get any printers set up. 670Consult 671.Xr lpd 8 672and 673.Xr printcap 5 674if needed. 675.Ss Tighten up security 676In 677.Pa /etc/inetd.conf 678comment out any extra entries you do not need, and only add things 679that are really needed. 680Note that by default all services are disabled for security reasons. 681.Ss Kerberos 682If you are going to use Kerberos for authentication, 683see 684.Xr kerberos 8 685and 686.Dq info heimdal 687for more information. 688If you already have a Kerberos master, change directory to 689.Pa /etc/kerberosV 690and configure. 691Remember to get a 692.Pa srvtab 693from the master so that the remote commands work. 694.Ss Mail Aliases 695Check 696.Pa /etc/mail/aliases 697and update appropriately if you want e-mail to be routed 698to non-local addresses or to different users. 699.Pp 700Run 701.Xr newaliases 1 702after changes. 703.Ss Postfix 704.Nx 705uses Postfix as its MTA. 706Postfix is started by default, but its initial configuration does not 707cause it to listen on the network for incoming connections. 708To configure Postfix, see 709.Pa /etc/postfix/main.cf 710and 711.Pa /etc/postfix/master.cf . 712If you wish to use a different MTA (e.g., sendmail), install your MTA of 713choice and edit 714.Pa /etc/mailer.conf 715to point to the proper binaries. 716.Ss DHCP server 717If this is a 718DHCP 719server, edit 720.Pa /etc/dhcpd.conf 721and 722.Pa /etc/dhcpd.interfaces 723as needed. 724You will have to make sure 725.Pa /etc/rc.conf 726has 727.Dq dhcpd=YES 728or run 729.Xr dhcpd 8 730manually. 731.Ss Bootparam server 732If this is a 733Bootparam 734server, edit 735.Pa /etc/bootparams 736as needed. 737You will have to turn it on in 738.Pa /etc/rc.conf 739by adding 740.Dq bootparamd=YES . 741.Ss NFS server 742If this is an NFS server, make sure 743.Pa /etc/rc.conf 744has: 745.Bd -literal -offset indent 746nfs_server=YES 747mountd=YES 748rpcbind=YES 749.Ed 750.Pp 751Edit 752.Pa /etc/exports 753and get it correct. 754After this, you can start the server by issuing: 755.Bd -literal -offset indent 756.Ic /etc/rc.d/rpcbind start 757.Ic /etc/rc.d/mountd start 758.Ic /etc/rc.d/nfsd start 759.Ed 760which will also start dependencies. 761.Ss HP remote boot server 762Edit 763.Pa /etc/rbootd.conf 764if needed for remote booting. 765If you do not have HP computers doing remote booting, do not enable this. 766.Ss Daily, weekly, monthly scripts 767Look at and possibly edit the 768.Pa /etc/daily.conf , /etc/weekly.conf , 769and 770.Pa /etc/monthly.conf 771configuration files. 772You can check which values you can set by looking 773to their matching files in 774.Pa /etc/defaults . 775Your site specific things should go into 776.Pa /etc/daily.local , /etc/weekly.local , 777and 778.Pa /etc/monthly.local . 779.Pp 780These scripts have been limited so as to keep the system running without 781filling up disk space from normal running processes and database updates. 782(You probably do not need to understand them.) 783.Ss Other files in /etc 784Look at the other files in 785.Pa /etc 786and edit them as needed. 787(Do not edit files ending in 788.Pa .db 789\(em like 790.Pa pwd.db , spwd.db , 791nor 792.Pa localtime , 793nor 794.Pa rmt , 795nor any directories.) 796.Ss Crontab (background running processes) 797Check what is running by typing 798.Ic crontab -l 799as root 800and see if anything unexpected is present. 801Do you need anything else? 802Do you wish to change things? 803For example, if you do not 804like root getting standard output of the daily scripts, and want only 805the security scripts that are mailed internally, you can type 806.Ic crontab -e 807and change some of the lines to read: 808.Bd -literal -offset indent 80930 1 * * * /bin/sh /etc/daily 2\*[Gt]\*[Am]1 \*[Gt] /var/log/daily.out 81030 3 * * 6 /bin/sh /etc/weekly 2\*[Gt]\*[Am]1 \*[Gt] /var/log/weekly.out 81130 5 1 * * /bin/sh /etc/monthly 2\*[Gt]\*[Am]1 \*[Gt] /var/log/monthly.out 812.Ed 813.Pp 814See 815.Xr crontab 5 . 816.Ss Next day cleanup 817After the first night's security run, change ownerships and permissions 818on files, directories, and devices; root should have received mail 819with subject: "\*[Lt]hostname\*[Gt] daily insecurity output.". 820This mail contains 821a set of security recommendations, presented as a list looking like this: 822.Bd -literal -offset indent 823var/mail: 824 permissions (0755, 0775) 825etc/daily: 826 user (0, 3) 827.Ed 828.Pp 829The best bet is to follow the advice in that list. 830The recommended setting is the first item in parentheses, while 831the current setting is the second one. 832This list is generated by 833.Xr mtree 8 834using 835.Pa /etc/mtree/special . 836Use 837.Xr chmod 1 , 838.Xr chgrp 1 , 839and 840.Xr chown 8 841as needed. 842.Ss Packages 843Install your own packages. 844The 845.Nx 846packages collection, pkgsrc, includes a large set of third-party software. 847A lot of it is available as binary packages that you can download from 848.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/packages/ 849or a mirror, and install using 850.Xr pkg_add 1 . 851See 852.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/ 853and 854.Pa pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt 855for more details. 856.Pp 857Copy vendor binaries and install them. 858You will need to install any shared libraries, etc. 859(Hint: 860.Ic man -k compat 861to find out how to install and use compatibility mode.) 862.Pp 863There is also other third-party software that is available 864in source form only, either because it has not been ported to 865.Nx 866yet, because licensing restrictions make binary redistribution 867impossible, or simply because you want to build your own binaries. 868Sometimes checking the mailing lists for 869past problems that people have encountered will result in a fix posted. 870.Ss Check the running system 871You can use 872.Xr ps 1 , 873.Xr netstat 1 , 874and 875.Xr fstat 1 876to check on running processes, network connections, and opened files, 877respectively. 878Other tools you may find useful are 879.Xr systat 1 880and 881.Xr top 1 . 882.Sh COMPILING A KERNEL 883Note: 884The standard 885.Nx 886kernel configuration (GENERIC) is suitable for most purposes. 887.Pp 888First, review the system message buffer in 889.Pa /var/run/dmesg.boot 890and by using the 891.Xr dmesg 8 892command to find out information on your system's devices as probed by the 893kernel at boot. 894In particular, note which devices were not configured. 895This information will prove useful when editing kernel configuration files. 896.Pp 897To compile a kernel inside a writable source tree, do the following: 898.Bd -literal -offset indent 899$ cd /usr/src/sys/arch/SOMEARCH/conf 900$ cp GENERIC SOMEFILE (only the first time) 901$ vi SOMEFILE (adapt to your needs) 902$ config SOMEFILE 903$ cd ../compile/SOMEFILE 904$ make depend 905$ make 906.Ed 907.Pp 908where 909.Ar SOMEARCH 910is the architecture (e.g., i386), and 911.Ar SOMEFILE 912should be a name indicative of a particular configuration (often 913that of the hostname). 914.Pp 915If you are building your kernel again, before you do a 916.Ic make 917you should do a 918.Ic make clean 919after making changes to your kernel options. 920.Pp 921After either of these two methods, you can place the new kernel (called 922.Pa netbsd ) 923in 924.Pa / 925(i.e., 926.Pa /netbsd ) 927by issuing 928.Ic make install 929and the system will boot it next time. 930The old kernel is stored as 931.Pa /onetbsd 932so you can boot it in case of failure. 933.Pp 934If you are using toolchain to build your kernel, you will also need to 935build a new set of toolchain binaries. 936You can do it by changing into 937.Pa /usr/src 938and issuing: 939.Bd -literal -offset indent 940$ cd /usr/src 941$ K=sys/arch/`uname -m`/conf 942$ cp $K/GENERIC $K/SOMEFILE 943$ vi $K/SOMEFILE (adapt to your needs) 944$ ./build.sh tools 945$ ./build.sh kernel=SOMEFILE 946.Ed 947.Sh SYSTEM TESTING 948At this point, the system should be fully configured to your liking. 949It is now a good time to ensure that the system behaves according to 950its specifications and that it is stable on your hardware. 951Please refer to 952.Xr tests 7 953for details on how to do so. 954.Sh SEE ALSO 955.Xr chgrp 1 , 956.Xr chmod 1 , 957.Xr config 1 , 958.Xr crontab 1 , 959.Xr date 1 , 960.Xr df 1 , 961.Xr domainname 1 , 962.Xr fstat 1 , 963.Xr hostname 1 , 964.Xr make 1 , 965.Xr man 1 , 966.Xr netstat 1 , 967.Xr newaliases 1 , 968.Xr passwd 1 , 969.Xr pkg_add 1 , 970.Xr ps 1 , 971.Xr ssh 1 , 972.Xr su 1 , 973.Xr systat 1 , 974.Xr top 1 , 975.Xr xdm 1 , 976.Xr ccd 4 , 977.Xr aliases 5 , 978.Xr crontab 5 , 979.Xr dhcpcd.conf 5 , 980.Xr exports 5 , 981.Xr fstab 5 , 982.Xr group 5 , 983.Xr hosts 5 , 984.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 985.Xr mailer.conf 5 , 986.Xr named.conf 5 , 987.Xr nsswitch.conf 5 , 988.Xr passwd 5 , 989.Xr printcap 5 , 990.Xr rc.conf 5 , 991.Xr resolv.conf 5 , 992.Xr sshd_config 5 , 993.Xr wscons.conf 5 , 994.Xr hier 7 , 995.Xr hostname 7 , 996.Xr pkgsrc 7 , 997.Xr tests 7 , 998.Xr amd 8 , 999.Xr ccdconfig 8 , 1000.Xr chown 8 , 1001.Xr dhcpcd 8 , 1002.Xr dhcpd 8 , 1003.Xr dmesg 8 , 1004.Xr groupadd 8 , 1005.Xr ifconfig 8 , 1006.Xr inetd 8 , 1007.Xr kerberos 8 , 1008.Xr lpd 8 , 1009.Xr mount 8 , 1010.Xr mrouted 8 , 1011.Xr mtree 8 , 1012.Xr named 8 , 1013.Xr nis 8 , 1014.Xr ntpd 8 , 1015.Xr ntpdate 8 , 1016.Xr rbootd 8 , 1017.Xr rc 8 , 1018.Xr rdate 8 , 1019.Xr rmt 8 , 1020.Xr route 8 , 1021.Xr rpc.bootparamd 8 , 1022.Xr rpcbind 8 , 1023.Xr sshd 8 , 1024.Xr timed 8 , 1025.Xr umount 8 , 1026.Xr useradd 8 , 1027.Xr vipw 8 , 1028.Xr yp 8 , 1029.Xr ypbind 8 1030.Sh HISTORY 1031This document first appeared in 1032.Ox 2.2 . 1033It has been adapted to 1034.Nx 1035and first appeared in 1036.Nx 2.0 . 1037