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9.\" $NetBSD: MAKEDEV.8,v 1.38 2010/03/23 19:22:41 jakllsch Exp $
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38.Dd March 23, 2010
39.Dt MAKEDEV 8
40.Os
41.Sh NAME
42.Nm MAKEDEV
43.Nd create system and device special files
44.Sh SYNOPSIS
45.\" Please keep this in sync with MAKEDEV.local.8
46.Nm
47.Op Fl fMs
48.Op Fl m Ar mknod
49.Op Fl p Ar pax
50.Op Fl t Ar mtree
51.Bro Ar special | device Brc Op Ar ...
52.Sh DESCRIPTION
53.Nm
54is used to create system and device special files.
55As arguments it takes the names of known devices, like
56.Ar sd0 ,
57or of special targets, like
58.Pa all
59or
60.Pa std ,
61which create a collection of device special files,
62or
63.Pa local ,
64which invokes
65.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
66with the
67.Pa all
68argument.
69.Pp
70The script is in
71.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV .
72Devices are created in the current working directory;
73in normal use,
74.Nm
75should be invoked with
76.Pa /dev
77as the current working directory.
78.Pp
79Supported options are:
80.Bl -tag -width XmXmknodXX
81.It Fl f
82Force permissions to be updated on existing devices.
83This works only if
84.Nm
85invokes
86.Xr mknod 8 ;
87it is not compatible with the
88.Fl p ,
89.Fl s ,
90or
91.Fl t
92options.
93.It Fl M
94Create a memory file system, union mounted over the current directory,
95to contain the device special files.
96The memory file system is created using
97.Xr mount_tmpfs 8
98or
99.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
100in that order of preference.
101.Pp
102If the
103.Fl M
104flag is specified more than once, then
105.Nm
106assumes that it is being invoked from
107.Xr init 8
108to populate a memory file system for
109.Pa /dev .
110In this case,
111.Nm
112will also redirect its output to the system console.
113.It Fl m Ar mknod
114Force the use of
115.Xr mknod 8 ,
116and specify the name or path to the
117.Xr mknod 8
118program.
119[Usually, $TOOL_MKNOD or mknod.]
120.It Fl p Ar pax
121Force the use of
122.Xr pax 1 ,
123and specify the name or path to the
124.Xr pax 1
125program.
126[Usually, $TOOL_PAX or pax.]
127.It Fl s
128Generate an
129.Xr mtree 8
130specfile instead of creating devices.
131.It Fl t Ar mtree
132Force the use of
133.Xr mtree 8 ,
134and specify the name or path to the
135.Xr mtree 8
136program.
137[Usually, $TOOL_MTREE or mtree.]
138.El
139.Pp
140.Nm
141has several possible methods of creating device nodes:
142.Bl -bullet
143.It
144By invoking the
145.Xr mknod 8
146command once for each device node.
147This is the traditional method, but it is slow because each device node
148is created using a new process.
149.Pp
150The
151.Fl m
152option forces
153.Nm
154to use the
155.Xr mknod 8
156method.
157.It
158By internally creating a specfile in a format usable by
159.Xr mtree 8 ,
160and providing the specfile on standard input to a
161.Xr pax 1
162or
163.Xr mtree 8
164command, invoked with options that request it to create the device nodes
165as well as any necessary subdirectories.
166This is much faster than creating device nodes with
167.Xr mknod 8 ,
168because it requires much fewer processes;
169however, it's not compatible with the
170.Fl f
171option.
172.Pp
173The
174.Fl p
175or
176.Fl t
177options force
178.Nm
179to use the
180.Xr pax 1
181or
182.Xr mtree 8
183methods.
184.It
185If the
186.Fl s
187option is specified, then
188.Nm
189will not create device nodes at all, but will output
190a specfile in a format usable by
191.Xr mtree 8 .
192.El
193.Pp
194The
195.Fl m , Fl p , Fl s ,
196and
197.Fl t
198flags are mutually exclusive.
199If none of these flags is specified, then
200.Nm
201will use
202.Xr mtree 8 ,
203.Xr pax 1 ,
204or
205.Xr mknod 8 ,
206in that order of preference, depending on which commands
207appear to be available and usable.
208In normal use, it's expected that
209.Xr mtree 8
210will be available, so it will be chosen.
211If
212.Nm
213is invoked by
214.Xr init 8 ,
215it's expected that
216.Xr mtree 8
217will not be available, but
218.Xr pax 1
219may be available.
220.Pp
221The special targets supported on
222.Nx
223are:
224.Pp
225.\" @@@SPECIAL@@@
226.Bl -tag -width 01234567 -compact
227.It Ar all
228Makes all known devices, including local devices. Tries to make the 'standard' number of each type.
229.It Ar init
230A set of devices that is used for MFS /dev by init. May be equal to ``all''.
231.It Ar floppy
232Devices to be put on install floppies
233.It Ar ramdisk
234Devices to be put into INSTALL kernel ramdisks.
235.It Ar std
236Standard devices
237.It Ar local
238Configuration specific devices
239.It Ar wscons
240Make wscons devices
241.It Ar usbs
242Make USB devices
243.It Ar isdns
244Make ISDN devices
245.El
246.Pp
247Please note that any hash marks
248.Pq Dq #
249in the following list of supported device targets must be replaced by
250digits when calling
251.Nm :
252.Pp
253.\" @@@DEVICES@@@
254.Bl -tag -width 01
255.It Tapes :
256. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
257. It Ar st#
258SCSI tapes, see
259.Xr \&st 4
260. It Ar wt#
261QIC-interfaced (e.g. not SCSI) 3M cartridge tape, see
262.Xr \&wt 4
263. It Ar ht#
264MASSBUS TM03 and TU??, see
265.Xr \&vax/ht 4
266. It Ar mt#
267MSCP tapes (e.g. TU81, TK50), see
268.Xr \&vax/mt 4
269. It Ar tm#
270UNIBUS TM11 and TE10 emulations (e.g. Emulex TC-11), see
271.Xr \&vax/tm 4
272. It Ar ts#
273UNIBUS TS11, see
274.Xr \&vax/ts 4
275. It Ar ut#
276UNIBUS TU45 emulations (e.g. si 9700), see
277.Xr \&vax/ut 4
278. It Ar uu#
279TU58 cassettes on DL11 controller, see
280.Xr \&vax/uu 4
281. El
282.It Disks :
283. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
284. It Ar ccd#
285Concatenated disk devices, see
286.Xr \&ccd 4
287. It Ar cd#
288SCSI or ATAPI CD-ROM, see
289.Xr \&cd 4
290. It Ar cgd#
291Cryptographic disk devices, see
292.Xr \&cgd 4
293. It Ar raid#
294RAIDframe disk devices, see
295.Xr \&raid 4
296. It Ar sd#
297SCSI disks, see
298.Xr \&sd 4
299. It Ar wd#
300``winchester'' disk drives (ST506,IDE,ESDI,RLL,...), see
301.Xr \&wd 4
302. It Ar bmd#
303Nereid bank memory disks, see
304.Xr \&x68k/bmd 4
305. It Ar ed#
306IBM PS/2 ESDI disk devices, see
307.Xr \&edc 4
308. It Ar fd#
309``floppy'' disk drives (3 1/2", 5 1/4"), see
310.Xr \&amiga/fdc 4 ,
311.Xr \&i386/fdc 4 ,
312.Xr \&sparc64/fdc 4
313. It Ar fss#
314Files system snapshot devices, see
315.Xr \&fss 4
316. It Ar gdrom#
317Dreamcast ``gigadisc'' CD-ROM drive, see
318.Xr \&dreamcast/gdrom 4
319. It Ar hk#
320UNIBUS RK06 and RK07, see
321.Xr \&vax/hk 4
322. It Ar hp#
323MASSBUS RM??, see
324.Xr \&vax/hp 4
325. It Ar ld#
326Logical disk devices (e.g., hardware RAID), see
327.Xr \&ld 4
328. It Ar mcd#
329Mitsumi CD-ROM, see
330.Xr \&mcd 4
331. It Ar md#
332Memory pseudo-disk devices, see
333.Xr \&md 4
334. It Ar ofdisk#
335OpenFirmware disk devices
336. It Ar ra#
337MSCP disks (RA??, RD??)
338. It Ar rb#
339730 IDC w/ RB80 and/or RB02
340. It Ar rd#
341HDC9224 RD disks on VS2000, see
342.Xr \&hp300/rd 4
343. It Ar rl#
344UNIBUS RL02, see
345.Xr \&vax/rl 4
346. It Ar rx#
347MSCP floppy disk (RX33/50/...)
348. It Ar up#
349Other UNIBUS devices (e.g. on Emulex SC-21V controller), see
350.Xr \&vax/up 4
351. It Ar vnd#
352``file'' pseudo-disks, see
353.Xr \&vnd 4
354. It Ar xbd#
355Xen virtual disks
356. It Ar xd#
357Xylogic 753/7053 disks, see
358.Xr \&sparc/xd 4
359. It Ar xy#
360Xylogic 450/451 disks, see
361.Xr \&sparc/xy 4
362. El
363.It Pointing devices :
364. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
365. It Ar wsmouse#
366wscons mouse events, see
367.Xr \&wsmouse 4
368. It Ar lms#
369Logitech bus mouse, see
370.Xr \&i386/lms 4
371. It Ar mms#
372Microsoft bus mouse, see
373.Xr \&dreamcast/mms 4 ,
374.Xr \&i386/mms 4
375. It Ar qms#
376``quadrature mouse'', see
377.Xr \&acorn32/qms 4
378. It Ar pms#
379PS/2 mouse
380. It Ar mouse
381Mouse (provides events, for X11)
382. El
383.It Keyboard devices :
384. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
385. It Ar wskbd#
386wscons keyboard events, see
387.Xr \&wskbd 4
388. It Ar kbd
389Raw keyboard (provides events, for X11), see
390.Xr \&sparc/kbd 4 ,
391.Xr \&sun2/kbd 4 ,
392.Xr \&sun3/kbd 4
393. It Ar kbdctl
394Keyboard control
395. El
396.It Terminals/Console ports :
397. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
398. It Ar tty[01]#
399Standard serial ports, see
400.Xr \&tty 4
401. It Ar tty0#
402SB1250 (``sbscn'') serial ports (sbmips), see
403.Xr \&tty 4
404. It Ar ttyE#
405wscons - Workstation console (``wscons'') glass-tty emulators
406. It Ar ttyCZ?
407Cyclades-Z multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes 64 ports., see
408.Xr \&cz 4
409. It Ar ttyCY?
410Cyclom-Y multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes 32 ports., see
411.Xr \&cy 4
412. It Ar ttye#
413ITE bitmapped consoles, see
414.Xr \&amiga/ite 4 ,
415.Xr \&hp300/ite 4
416. It Ar ttyv0
417pccons
418. It Ar ttyC?
419NS16550 (``com'') serial ports
420. It Ar ttyS#
421SA1110 serial port (hpcarm)
422. It Ar ttyTX?
423TX39 internal serial ports (hpcmips)
424. It Ar ttyB?
425DEC 3000 ZS8530 (``scc'') serial ports (alpha), see
426.Xr \&scc 4
427. It Ar ttyA#
428Mfc serial ports (amiga)
429. It Ar ttyB#
430Msc serial ports (amiga)
431. It Ar ttyC#
432Com style serial ports (DraCo, HyperCom) (amiga) On the DraCo, units 0 and 1 are the built-in ``modem'' and ``mouse'' ports, if configured.
433. It Ar ttyA0
4348530 Channel A (formerly ser02) (atari)
435. It Ar ttyA1
4368530 Channel B (formerly mdm02) (atari)
437. It Ar ttyB0
438UART on first 68901 (formerly mdm01) (atari)
439. It Ar ixpcom
440IXP12x0 COM ports
441. It Ar epcom
442EP93xx COM ports
443. It Ar ttyM?
444HP200/300 4 port serial mux interface (hp300)
445. It Ar ttya
446``ttya'' system console (luna68k)
447. It Ar ttyb
448Second system serial port (luna68k)
449. It Ar tty#
450Onboard serial ports (mvme68k) On the mvme147 these are: ttyZ1, ttyZ2 and ttyZ3. On the mvme167, and '177: ttyC1, ttyC2 and ttyC3. Note that tty[CZ]0 is grabbed by the console device so is not created by default, see
451.Xr \&tty 4
452. It Ar dc#
453PMAX 4 channel serial interface (kbd, mouse, modem, printer)
454. It Ar scc#
45582530 serial interface (pmax), see
456.Xr \&scc 4
457. It Ar ttyZ#
458Zilog 8530 (``zstty'') serial ports, see
459.Xr \&zstty 4
460. It Ar tty[abcd]
461Built-in serial ports (sparc)
462. It Ar tty#
463Z88530 serial controllers (sparc64), see
464.Xr \&tty 4
465. It Ar ttyh#
466SAB82532 serial controllers (sparc64), see
467.Xr \&sparc64/sab 4
468. It Ar tty[a-j]
469Built-in serial ports (sun2, sun3)
470. It Ar ttyC?
471pccons (arc)
472. It Ar dz#
473UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32 (vax), see
474.Xr \&vax/dz 4
475. It Ar dh#
476UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex CS-11) (vax), see
477.Xr \&vax/dh 4
478. It Ar dmf#
479UNIBUS DMF32 (vax), see
480.Xr \&vax/dmf 4
481. It Ar dhu#
482UNIBUS DHU11 (vax), see
483.Xr \&vax/dhu 4
484. It Ar dmz#
485UNIBUS DMZ32 (vax), see
486.Xr \&vax/dmz 4
487. It Ar dl#
488UNIBUS DL11 (vax), see
489.Xr \&vax/dl 4
490. It Ar xencons
491Xen virtual console
492. El
493.It Terminal multiplexors :
494. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
495. It Ar dc#
4964 channel serial interface (keyboard, mouse, modem, printer)
497. It Ar dh#
498UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex CS-11), see
499.Xr \&vax/dh 4
500. It Ar dhu#
501UNIBUS DHU11, see
502.Xr \&vax/dhu 4
503. It Ar dl#
504UNIBUS DL11, see
505.Xr \&vax/dl 4
506. It Ar dmf#
507UNIBUS DMF32, see
508.Xr \&vax/dmf 4
509. It Ar dmz#
510UNIBUS DMZ32, see
511.Xr \&vax/dmz 4
512. It Ar dz#
513UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32, see
514.Xr \&vax/dz 4
515. It Ar scc#
51682530 serial interface, see
517.Xr \&scc 4
518. El
519.It Call units :
520. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
521. It Ar dn#
522UNIBUS DN11 and emulations (e.g. Able Quadracall), see
523.Xr \&vax/dn 4
524. El
525.It Pseudo terminals :
526. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
527. It Ar ptm
528Pty multiplexor device, and pts directory, see
529.Xr \&ptm 4
530. It Ar pty#
531Set of 16 master and slave pseudo terminals, see
532.Xr \&pty 4
533. It Ar opty
534First 16 ptys, to save inodes on install media
535. It Ar ipty
536First 2 ptys, for install media use only
537. El
538.It Printers :
539. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
540. It Ar arcpp#
541Archimedes parallel port
542. It Ar lpt#
543Stock lp, see
544.Xr \&lpt 4 ,
545.Xr \&acorn32/lpt 4 ,
546.Xr \&i386/lpt 4 ,
547.Xr \&mvme68k/lpt 4
548. It Ar lpa#
549Interruptless lp
550. It Ar par#
551Amiga motherboard parallel port
552. It Ar cpi#
553Macintosh Nubus CSI parallel printer card, see
554.Xr \&mac68k/cpi 4
555. El
556.It USB devices :
557. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
558. It Ar usb#
559USB control devices, see
560.Xr \&usb 4
561. It Ar uhid#
562USB generic HID devices, see
563.Xr \&uhid 4
564. It Ar ulpt#
565USB printer devices, see
566.Xr \&ulpt 4
567. It Ar ugen#
568USB generic devices, see
569.Xr \&ugen 4
570. It Ar urio#
571USB Diamond Rio 500 devices, see
572.Xr \&urio 4
573. It Ar uscanner#
574USB scanners, see
575.Xr \&uscanner 4
576. It Ar ttyHS#
577USB Option N.V. modems
578. It Ar ttyU#
579USB modems, see
580.Xr \&ucom 4
581. It Ar ttyY#
582USB serial adapters
583. El
584.It ISDN devices :
585. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
586. It Ar isdn
587Communication between userland isdnd and kernel, see
588.Xr \&isdn 4
589. It Ar isdnctl
590Control device, see
591.Xr \&isdnctl 4
592. It Ar isdnbchan#
593Raw b-channel access, see
594.Xr \&isdnbchan 4
595. It Ar isdntel#
596Telephony device, see
597.Xr \&isdntel 4
598. It Ar isdnteld#
599Telephony dialout device
600. It Ar isdntrc#
601Trace device, see
602.Xr \&isdntrc 4
603. El
604.It Video devices :
605. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
606. It Ar bwtwo#
607Monochromatic frame buffer, see
608.Xr \&sparc/bwtwo 4 ,
609.Xr \&sun2/bwtwo 4 ,
610.Xr \&sun3/bwtwo 4
611. It Ar cgtwo#
6128-bit color frame buffer, see
613.Xr \&sparc/cgtwo 4 ,
614.Xr \&sun3/cgtwo 4
615. It Ar cgthree#
6168-bit color frame buffer, see
617.Xr \&sparc/cgthree 4
618. It Ar cgfour#
6198-bit color frame buffer, see
620.Xr \&sparc/cgfour 4 ,
621.Xr \&sun3/cgfour 4
622. It Ar cgsix#
623Accelerated 8-bit color frame buffer, see
624.Xr \&sparc/cgsix 4
625. It Ar cgeight#
62624-bit color frame buffer, see
627.Xr \&sparc/cgeight 4
628. It Ar etvme
629Tseng et-compatible cards on VME (atari)
630. It Ar ik#
631UNIBUS interface to Ikonas frame buffer, see
632.Xr \&vax/ik 4
633. It Ar leo
634Circad Leonardo VME-bus true color (atari)
635. It Ar ps#
636UNIBUS interface to Picture System 2, see
637.Xr \&vax/ps 4
638. It Ar qv#
639QVSS (MicroVAX) display
640. It Ar tcx#
641Accelerated 8/24-bit color frame buffer, see
642.Xr \&sparc/tcx 4
643. El
644.It Maple bus devices :
645. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
646. It Ar maple
647Maple bus control devices, see
648.Xr \&dreamcast/maple 4
649. It Ar mlcd#
650Maple bus LCD devices, see
651.Xr \&dreamcast/mlcd 4
652. It Ar mmem#
653Maple bus storage devices, see
654.Xr \&dreamcast/mmem 4
655. El
656.It IEEE1394 bus devices :
657. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
658. It Ar fw#
659IEEE1394 bus generic node access devices
660. It Ar fwmem#
661IEEE1394 bus physical memory of the remote node access devices
662. El
663.It Special purpose devices :
664. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
665. It Ar ad#
666UNIBUS interface to Data Translation A/D converter, see
667.Xr \&vax/ad 4
668. It Ar agp#
669AGP GART devices, see
670.Xr \&agp 4
671. It Ar altq
672ALTQ control interface
673. It Ar amr#
674AMI MegaRaid control device, see
675.Xr \&amr 4
676. It Ar apm
677Power management device, see
678.Xr \&i386/apm 4
679. It Ar audio#
680Audio devices, see
681.Xr \&audio 4
682. It Ar bell#
683OPM bell device (x68k)
684. It Ar bktr
685Brooktree 848/849/878/879 based TV cards, see
686.Xr \&bktr 4
687. It Ar bpf
688Packet filter, see
689.Xr \&bpf 4
690. It Ar bthub
691Bluetooth Device Hub control interface, see
692.Xr \&bthub 4
693. It Ar cfs#
694Coda file system device
695. It Ar ch#
696SCSI media changer, see
697.Xr \&ch 4
698. It Ar cir#
699Consumer IR, see
700.Xr \&cir 4
701. It Ar clockctl
702Clock control for non root users, see
703.Xr \&clockctl 4
704. It Ar cpuctl
705CPU control
706. It Ar crypto
707Hardware crypto access driver, see
708.Xr \&crypto 4
709. It Ar dmoverio
710Hardware-assisted data movers, see
711.Xr \&dmoverio 4
712. It Ar dpt#
713DPT/Adaptec EATA RAID management interface, see
714.Xr \&dpt 4
715. It Ar dpti#
716DPT/Adaptec I2O RAID management interface, see
717.Xr \&dpti 4
718. It Ar drm#
719Direct Rendering Manager interface, see
720.Xr \&drm 4
721. It Ar fb#
722PMAX generic framebuffer pseudo-device
723. It Ar fd
724File descriptors
725. It Ar grf#
726Graphics frame buffer device, see
727.Xr \&amiga/grf 4 ,
728.Xr \&hp300/grf 4
729. It Ar hdaudio#
730High Definition audio control device, see
731.Xr \&hdaudio 4
732. It Ar hil
733HP300 HIL input devices, see
734.Xr \&hp300/hil 4
735. It Ar icp
736ICP-Vortex/Intel RAID control interface, see
737.Xr \&icp 4
738. It Ar iic#
739IIC bus device, see
740.Xr \&iic 4
741. It Ar io
742X86 IOPL access for COMPAT_10, COMPAT_FREEBSD, see
743.Xr \&hp700/io 4 ,
744.Xr \&i386/io 4
745. It Ar iop#
746I2O IOP control interface, see
747.Xr \&iop 4
748. It Ar ipl
749IP Filter
750. It Ar irframe#
751IrDA physical frame, see
752.Xr \&irframe 4
753. It Ar ite#
754Terminal emulator interface to HP300 graphics devices, see
755.Xr \&amiga/ite 4 ,
756.Xr \&hp300/ite 4
757. It Ar joy#
758Joystick device, see
759.Xr \&joy 4
760. It Ar kttcp
761Kernel ttcp helper device, see
762.Xr \&kttcp 4
763. It Ar lockstat
764Kernel locking statistics
765. It Ar magma#
766Magma multiport serial/parallel cards, see
767.Xr \&sparc/magma 4
768. It Ar midi#
769MIDI, see
770.Xr \&midi 4
771. It Ar mlx#
772Mylex DAC960 control interface, see
773.Xr \&mlx 4
774. It Ar mly#
775Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID control interface, see
776.Xr \&mly 4
777. It Ar np#
778UNIBUS Ethernet co-processor interface, for downloading., see
779.Xr \&vax/np 4
780. It Ar nsmb#
781SMB requester, see
782.Xr \&nsmb 4
783. It Ar openfirm
784OpenFirmware accessor
785. It Ar pad#
786Pseudo-audio device driver, see
787.Xr \&pad 4
788. It Ar pci#
789PCI bus access devices, see
790.Xr \&pci 4
791. It Ar pf
792PF packet filter
793. It Ar pow#
794Power management device (x68k), see
795.Xr \&x68k/pow 4
796. It Ar putter
797Pass-to-Userspace Transporter
798. It Ar px#
799PixelStamp Xserver access, see
800.Xr \&px 4
801. It Ar radio#
802Radio devices, see
803.Xr \&radio 4
804. It Ar random
805Random number generator, see
806.Xr \&rnd 4
807. It Ar rtc#
808RealTimeClock, see
809.Xr \&atari/rtc 4 ,
810.Xr \&evbppc/rtc 4 ,
811.Xr \&hp300/rtc 4
812. It Ar satlink#
813PlanetConnect satellite receiver driver
814. It Ar scsibus#
815SCSI busses, see
816.Xr \&scsi 4
817. It Ar se#
818SCSI Ethernet, see
819.Xr \&se 4
820. It Ar ses#
821SES/SAF-TE SCSI Devices, see
822.Xr \&ses 4
823. It Ar speaker
824PC speaker, see
825.Xr \&speaker 4
826. It Ar sram
827Battery backuped memory (x68k)
828. It Ar ss#
829SCSI scanner, see
830.Xr \&ss 4
831. It Ar stic#
832PixelStamp interface chip
833. It Ar sysmon
834System Monitoring hardware, see
835.Xr \&envsys 4
836. It Ar tap#
837Virtual Ethernet device, see
838.Xr \&tap 4
839. It Ar tun#
840Network tunnel driver, see
841.Xr \&tun 4
842. It Ar twa
8433ware Apache control interface, see
844.Xr \&twa 4
845. It Ar twe
8463ware Escalade control interface, see
847.Xr \&twe 4
848. It Ar uk#
849Unknown SCSI device, see
850.Xr \&uk 4
851. It Ar veriexec
852Veriexec fingerprint loader, see
853.Xr \&veriexec 4
854. It Ar video#
855Video capture devices, see
856.Xr \&video 4
857. It Ar view#
858Generic interface to graphic displays (Amiga)
859. It Ar vmegen#
860Generic VME access
861. It Ar wsfont#
862Console font control, see
863.Xr \&wsfont 4
864. It Ar wsmux#
865wscons event multiplexor, see
866.Xr \&wsmux 4
867. It Ar xenevt
868Xen event interface
869. El
870.El
871.Sh ENVIRONMENT
872The following environment variables affect the execution of
873.Nm :
874.Pp
875.Bl -tag -width indent
876.It Ev MAKEDEV_AS_LIBRARY
877If this is set, then
878.Nm
879will define several shell functions and then return,
880ignoring all its command line options and arguments.
881This is used to enable
882.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
883to use the shell functions defined in
884.Nm .
885.El
886.Sh FILES
887.Bl -tag -width "/dev/MAKEDEV.local" -compact
888.It Pa /dev
889special device files directory
890.It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV
891script described in this man page
892.It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV.local
893script for site-specific devices
894.El
895.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
896If the script reports an error that is difficult to understand,
897you can get more debugging output by using
898.Dl Ic sh Fl x Ar MAKEDEV Ar argument .
899.Sh SEE ALSO
900.Xr config 1 ,
901.Xr pax 1 ,
902.Xr intro 4 ,
903.Xr diskless 8 ,
904.Xr init 8 ,
905.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8 ,
906.Xr mknod 8 ,
907.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
908.Xr mount_tmpfs 8 ,
909.Xr mtree 8
910.Sh HISTORY
911The
912.Nm
913command appeared in
914.Bx 4.2 .
915The
916.Fl f ,
917.Fl m ,
918and
919.Fl s
920options were added in
921.Nx 2.0 .
922The
923.Fl p ,
924.Fl t ,
925and
926.Fl M
927options were added in
928.Nx 5.0 .
929The ability to be used as a function library was added in
930.Nx 5.0 .
931.Sh BUGS
932The
933.Fl f
934option is not compatible with the use of
935.Xr mtree 8
936or
937.Xr pax 1 .
938.Sh NOTES
939Not all devices listed in this manpage are supported on all platforms.
940.Pp
941This man page is generated automatically from the same sources
942as
943.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV ,
944in which the device files are not always sorted, which may result
945in an unusual (non-alphabetical) order.
946.Pp
947In order to allow a diskless
948.Nx
949client to obtain its
950.Pa /dev
951directory from a file server running a foreign operating system,
952one of the following techniques may be useful to populate
953a directory of device nodes on the foreign server:
954.Bl -bullet
955.It
956If the foreign server is sufficiently similar to
957.Nx ,
958run
959.Nm
960in an appropriate directory of the foreign server,
961using the
962.Fl m
963flag to refer to a script that converts from command line
964arguments that would be usable with the
965.Nx
966.Xr mknod 8
967command to the equivalent commands for the foreign server.
968.It
969Run
970.Nm
971with the
972.Fl s
973flag to generate an
974.Xr mtree 8
975specification file; this can be done on any host with a
976POSIX-compliant shell and a few widely-available utilities.
977Use the
978.Xr pax 1
979command with the
980.Fl w Fl M
981flags to convert the
982.Xr mtree 8
983specification file into an archive
984in a format that supports device nodes
985(such as
986.Ar ustar
987format);
988this can be done on a
989.Nx
990host, or can be done in a cross-build environment using
991.Sy TOOLDIR Ns Pa /bin/nbpax .
992Finally, use apropriate tools on the foreign server
993to unpack the archive and create the device nodes.
994.El
995