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9.\" $NetBSD: MAKEDEV.8,v 1.33 2008/11/12 12:35:53 ad Exp $
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38.Dd September  6, 2008
39.Dt MAKEDEV 8
40.Os
41.Sh NAME
42.Nm MAKEDEV
43.Nd create system and device special files
44.Sh SYNOPSIS
45.\" Please keep this in sync with MAKEDEV.local.8
46.Nm
47.Op Fl fMs
48.Op Fl m Ar mknod
49.Op Fl p Ar pax
50.Op Fl t Ar mtree
51.Bro Ar special | device Brc Op Ar ...
52.Sh DESCRIPTION
53.Nm
54is used to create system and device special files.
55As arguments it takes the names of known devices, like
56.Ar sd0 ,
57or of special targets, like
58.Pa all
59or
60.Pa std ,
61which create a collection of device special files,
62or
63.Pa local ,
64which invokes
65.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
66with the
67.Pa all
68argument.
69.Pp
70The script is in
71.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV .
72Devices are created in the current working directory;
73in normal use,
74.Nm
75should be invoked with
76.Pa /dev
77as the current working directory.
78.Pp
79Supported options are:
80.Bl -tag -width XmXmknodXX
81.It Fl f
82Force permissions to be updated on existing devices.
83This works only if
84.Nm
85invokes
86.Xr mknod 8 ;
87it is not compatible with the
88.Fl p ,
89.Fl s ,
90or
91.Fl t
92options.
93.It Fl M
94Create a memory file system, union mounted over the current directory,
95to contain the device special files.
96The memory file system is created using
97.Xr mount_tmpfs 8
98or
99.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
100in that order of preference.
101.Pp
102If the
103.Fl M
104flag is specified more than once, then
105.Nm
106assumes that it is being invoked from
107.Xr init 1
108to populate a memory file system for
109.Pa /dev .
110In this case,
111.Nm
112will also redirect its output to the system console.
113.It Fl m Ar mknod
114Force the use of
115.Xr mknod 8 ,
116and specify the name or path to the
117.Xr mknod 8
118program.
119[Usually, $TOOL_MKNOD or mknod.]
120.It Fl p Ar pax
121Force the use of
122.Xr pax 1 ,
123and specify the name or path to the
124.Xr pax 1
125program.
126[Usually, $TOOL_PAX or pax.]
127.It Fl s
128Generate an
129.Xr mtree 8
130specfile instead of creating devices.
131.It Fl t Ar mtree
132Force the use of
133.Xr mtree 8 ,
134and specify the name or path to the
135.Xr mtree 8
136program.
137[Usually, $TOOL_MTREE or mtree.]
138.El
139.Pp
140.Nm
141has several possible methods of creating device nodes:
142.Bl -bullet
143.It
144By invoking the
145.Xr mknod 8
146command once for each device node.
147This is the traditional method, but it is slow because each device node
148is created using a new process.
149.Pp
150The
151.Fl m
152option forces
153.Nm
154to use the
155.Xr mknod 8
156method.
157.It
158By internally creating a specfile in a format usable by
159.Xr mtree 8 ,
160and providing the specfile on standard input to a
161.Xr pax 1
162or
163.Xr mtree 8
164command, invoked with options that request it to create the device nodes
165as well as any necessary subdirectories.
166This is much faster than creating device nodes with
167.Xr mknod 8 ,
168because it requires much fewer processes;
169however, it's not compatible with the
170.Fl f
171option.
172.Pp
173The
174.Fl p
175or
176.Fl t
177options force
178.Nm
179to use the
180.Xr pax 1
181or
182.Xr mtree 8
183methods.
184.It
185If the
186.Fl s
187option is specified, then
188.Nm
189will not create device nodes at all, but will output
190a specfile in a format usable by
191.Xr mtree 8 .
192.El
193.Pp
194The
195.Fl m , Fl p , Fl s ,
196and
197.Fl t
198flags are mutually exclusive.
199If none of these flags is specified, then
200.Nm
201will use
202.Xr mtree 8 ,
203.Xr pax 1 ,
204or
205.Xr mknod 8 ,
206in that order of preference, depending on which commands
207appear to be available and usable.
208In normal use, it's expected that
209.Xr mtree 8
210will be available, so it will be chosen.
211If
212.Nm
213is invoked by
214.Xr init 8 ,
215it's expected that
216.Xr mtree 8
217will not be available, but
218.Xr pax 1
219may be available.
220.Pp
221The special targets supported on
222.Nx
223are:
224.Pp
225.\" @@@SPECIAL@@@
226.Bl -tag -width 01234567 -compact
227.It Ar all
228Makes all known devices, including local devices. Tries to make the 'standard' number of each type.
229.It Ar init
230A set of devices that is used for MFS /dev by init. May be equal to ``all''.
231.It Ar floppy
232Devices to be put on install floppies
233.It Ar ramdisk
234Devices to be put into INSTALL kernel ramdisks.
235.It Ar std
236Standard devices
237.It Ar local
238Configuration specific devices
239.It Ar wscons
240Make wscons devices
241.It Ar usbs
242Make USB devices
243.It Ar isdns
244Make ISDN devices
245.El
246.Pp
247Please note that any hash marks
248.Pq Dq #
249in the following list of supported device targets must be replaced by
250digits when calling
251.Nm :
252.Pp
253.\" @@@DEVICES@@@
254.Bl -tag -width 01
255.It Tapes :
256. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
257. It Ar st#
258SCSI tapes, see
259.Xr \&st 4
260. It Ar wt#
261QIC-interfaced (e.g. not SCSI) 3M cartridge tape, see
262.Xr \&wt 4
263. It Ar ht#
264MASSBUS TM03 and TU??, see
265.Xr \&vax/ht 4
266. It Ar mt#
267MSCP tapes (e.g. TU81, TK50), see
268.Xr \&vax/mt 4
269. It Ar tm#
270UNIBUS TM11 and TE10 emulations (e.g. Emulex TC-11), see
271.Xr \&vax/tm 4
272. It Ar ts#
273UNIBUS TS11, see
274.Xr \&vax/ts 4
275. It Ar ut#
276UNIBUS TU45 emulations (e.g. si 9700), see
277.Xr \&vax/ut 4
278. It Ar uu#
279TU58 cassettes on DL11 controller, see
280.Xr \&vax/uu 4
281. El
282.It Disks :
283. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
284. It Ar ccd#
285Concatenated disk devices, see
286.Xr \&ccd 4
287. It Ar cd#
288SCSI or ATAPI CD-ROM, see
289.Xr \&cd 4
290. It Ar cgd#
291Cryptographic disk devices, see
292.Xr \&cgd 4
293. It Ar raid#
294RAIDframe disk devices, see
295.Xr \&raid 4
296. It Ar sd#
297SCSI disks, see
298.Xr \&sd 4
299. It Ar wd#
300``winchester'' disk drives (ST506,IDE,ESDI,RLL,...), see
301.Xr \&wd 4
302. It Ar bmd#
303Nereid bank memory disks, see
304.Xr \&x68k/bmd 4
305. It Ar ed#
306IBM PS/2 ESDI disk devices, see
307.Xr \&edc 4
308. It Ar fd#
309``floppy'' disk drives (3 1/2", 5 1/4"), see
310.Xr \&amiga/fdc 4 ,
311.Xr \&i386/fdc 4 ,
312.Xr \&sparc64/fdc 4
313. It Ar fss#
314Files system snapshot devices, see
315.Xr \&fss 4
316. It Ar gdrom#
317Dreamcast ``gigadisc'' CD-ROM drive, see
318.Xr \&dreamcast/gdrom 4
319. It Ar hk#
320UNIBUS RK06 and RK07, see
321.Xr \&vax/hk 4
322. It Ar hp#
323MASSBUS RM??, see
324.Xr \&vax/hp 4
325. It Ar ld#
326Logical disk devices (e.g., hardware RAID), see
327.Xr \&ld 4
328. It Ar mcd#
329Mitsumi CD-ROM, see
330.Xr \&mcd 4
331. It Ar md#
332Memory pseudo-disk devices, see
333.Xr \&md 4
334. It Ar ofdisk#
335OpenFirmware disk devices
336. It Ar ra#
337MSCP disks (RA??, RD??)
338. It Ar rb#
339730 IDC w/ RB80 and/or RB02
340. It Ar rd#
341HDC9224 RD disks on VS2000, see
342.Xr \&hp300/rd 4
343. It Ar rl#
344UNIBUS RL02, see
345.Xr \&vax/rl 4
346. It Ar rx#
347MSCP floppy disk (RX33/50/...)
348. It Ar up#
349Other UNIBUS devices (e.g. on Emulex SC-21V controller), see
350.Xr \&vax/up 4
351. It Ar vnd#
352``file'' pseudo-disks, see
353.Xr \&vnd 4
354. It Ar xbd#
355Xen virtual disks
356. It Ar xd#
357Xylogic 753/7053 disks, see
358.Xr \&sparc/xd 4
359. It Ar xy#
360Xylogic 450/451 disks, see
361.Xr \&sparc/xy 4
362. El
363.It Pointing devices :
364. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
365. It Ar wsmouse#
366wscons mouse events, see
367.Xr \&wsmouse 4
368. It Ar lms#
369Logitech bus mouse, see
370.Xr \&i386/lms 4
371. It Ar mms#
372Microsoft bus mouse, see
373.Xr \&dreamcast/mms 4 ,
374.Xr \&i386/mms 4
375. It Ar qms#
376``quadrature mouse'', see
377.Xr \&acorn32/qms 4
378. It Ar pms#
379PS/2 mouse
380. It Ar mouse
381Mouse (provides events, for X11)
382. El
383.It Keyboard devices :
384. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
385. It Ar wskbd#
386wscons keyboard events, see
387.Xr \&wskbd 4
388. It Ar kbd
389Raw keyboard (provides events, for X11), see
390.Xr \&sparc/kbd 4 ,
391.Xr \&sun2/kbd 4 ,
392.Xr \&sun3/kbd 4
393. It Ar kbdctl
394Keyboard control
395. El
396.It Terminals/Console ports :
397. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
398. It Ar tty[01]#
399Standard serial ports, see
400.Xr \&tty 4
401. It Ar tty0#
402SB1250 (``sbscn'') serial ports (sbmips), see
403.Xr \&tty 4
404. It Ar ttyE#
405wscons - Workstation console (``wscons'') glass-tty emulators
406. It Ar ttyCZ?
407Cyclades-Z multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes 64 ports., see
408.Xr \&cz 4
409. It Ar ttyCY?
410Cyclom-Y multiport serial boards. Each ``unit'' makes 32 ports., see
411.Xr \&cy 4
412. It Ar ttye#
413ITE bitmapped consoles, see
414.Xr \&amiga/ite 4 ,
415.Xr \&hp300/ite 4
416. It Ar ttyv0
417pccons
418. It Ar ttyC?
419NS16550 (``com'') serial ports
420. It Ar ttyS#
421SA1110 serial port (hpcarm)
422. It Ar ttyTX?
423TX39 internal serial ports (hpcmips)
424. It Ar ttyB?
425DEC 3000 ZS8530 (``scc'') serial ports (alpha), see
426.Xr \&scc 4
427. It Ar ttyA#
428Mfc serial ports (amiga)
429. It Ar ttyB#
430Msc serial ports (amiga)
431. It Ar ttyC#
432Com style serial ports (DraCo, HyperCom) (amiga) On the DraCo, units 0 and 1 are the built-in ``modem'' and ``mouse'' ports, if configured.
433. It Ar ttyA0
4348530 Channel A (formerly ser02) (atari)
435. It Ar ttyA1
4368530 Channel B (formerly mdm02) (atari)
437. It Ar ttyB0
438UART on first 68901 (formerly mdm01) (atari)
439. It Ar ixpcom
440IXP12x0 COM ports
441. It Ar epcom
442EP93xx COM ports
443. It Ar ttyM?
444HP200/300 4 port serial mux interface (hp300)
445. It Ar ttya
446``ttya'' system console (luna68k)
447. It Ar ttyb
448Second system serial port (luna68k)
449. It Ar tty#
450Onboard serial ports (mvme68k) On the mvme147 these are: ttyZ1, ttyZ2 and ttyZ3. On the mvme167, and '177: ttyC1, ttyC2 and ttyC3. Note that tty[CZ]0 is grabbed by the console device so is not created by default, see
451.Xr \&tty 4
452. It Ar dc#
453PMAX 4 channel serial interface (kbd, mouse, modem, printer)
454. It Ar scc#
45582530 serial interface (pmax), see
456.Xr \&scc 4
457. It Ar ttyZ#
458Zilog 8530 (``zstty'') serial ports, see
459.Xr \&zstty 4
460. It Ar tty[abcd]
461Built-in serial ports (sparc)
462. It Ar tty#
463Z88530 serial controllers (sparc64), see
464.Xr \&tty 4
465. It Ar ttyh#
466SAB82532 serial controllers (sparc64), see
467.Xr \&sparc64/sab 4
468. It Ar tty[a-j]
469Built-in serial ports (sun2, sun3)
470. It Ar ttyC?
471pccons (arc)
472. It Ar dz#
473UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32 (vax), see
474.Xr \&vax/dz 4
475. It Ar dh#
476UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex CS-11) (vax), see
477.Xr \&vax/dh 4
478. It Ar dmf#
479UNIBUS DMF32 (vax), see
480.Xr \&vax/dmf 4
481. It Ar dhu#
482UNIBUS DHU11 (vax), see
483.Xr \&vax/dhu 4
484. It Ar dmz#
485UNIBUS DMZ32 (vax), see
486.Xr \&vax/dmz 4
487. It Ar dl#
488UNIBUS DL11 (vax), see
489.Xr \&vax/dl 4
490. It Ar xencons
491Xen virtual console
492. El
493.It Terminal multiplexors :
494. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
495. It Ar dc#
4964 channel serial interface (keyboard, mouse, modem, printer)
497. It Ar dh#
498UNIBUS DH11 and emulations (e.g. Able DMAX, Emulex CS-11), see
499.Xr \&vax/dh 4
500. It Ar dhu#
501UNIBUS DHU11, see
502.Xr \&vax/dhu 4
503. It Ar dl#
504UNIBUS DL11, see
505.Xr \&vax/dl 4
506. It Ar dmf#
507UNIBUS DMF32, see
508.Xr \&vax/dmf 4
509. It Ar dmz#
510UNIBUS DMZ32, see
511.Xr \&vax/dmz 4
512. It Ar dz#
513UNIBUS DZ11 and DZ32, see
514.Xr \&vax/dz 4
515. It Ar scc#
51682530 serial interface, see
517.Xr \&scc 4
518. El
519.It Call units :
520. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
521. It Ar dn#
522UNIBUS DN11 and emulations (e.g. Able Quadracall), see
523.Xr \&vax/dn 4
524. El
525.It Pseudo terminals :
526. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
527. It Ar ptm
528Pty multiplexor device, and pts directory, see
529.Xr \&ptm 4
530. It Ar pty#
531Set of 16 master and slave pseudo terminals, see
532.Xr \&pty 4
533. It Ar opty
534First 16 ptys, to save inodes on install media
535. It Ar ipty
536First 2 ptys, for install media use only
537. El
538.It Printers :
539. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
540. It Ar arcpp#
541Archimedes parallel port
542. It Ar lpt#
543Stock lp, see
544.Xr \&lpt 4 ,
545.Xr \&acorn32/lpt 4 ,
546.Xr \&i386/lpt 4 ,
547.Xr \&mvme68k/lpt 4
548. It Ar lpa#
549Interruptless lp
550. It Ar par#
551Amiga motherboard parallel port
552. It Ar cpi#
553Macintosh Nubus CSI parallel printer card, see
554.Xr \&mac68k/cpi 4
555. El
556.It USB devices :
557. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
558. It Ar usb#
559USB control devices, see
560.Xr \&usb 4
561. It Ar uhid#
562USB generic HID devices, see
563.Xr \&uhid 4
564. It Ar ulpt#
565USB printer devices, see
566.Xr \&ulpt 4
567. It Ar ugen#
568USB generic devices, see
569.Xr \&ugen 4
570. It Ar urio#
571USB Diamond Rio 500 devices, see
572.Xr \&urio 4
573. It Ar uscanner#
574USB scanners, see
575.Xr \&uscanner 4
576. It Ar ttyU#
577USB modems, see
578.Xr \&ucom 4
579. It Ar ttyY#
580USB serial adapters
581. El
582.It ISDN devices :
583. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
584. It Ar isdn
585Communication between userland isdnd and kernel, see
586.Xr \&isdn 4
587. It Ar isdnctl
588Control device, see
589.Xr \&isdnctl 4
590. It Ar isdnbchan#
591Raw b-channel access, see
592.Xr \&isdnbchan 4
593. It Ar isdntel#
594Telephony device, see
595.Xr \&isdntel 4
596. It Ar isdnteld#
597Telephony dialout device
598. It Ar isdntrc#
599Trace device, see
600.Xr \&isdntrc 4
601. El
602.It Video devices :
603. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
604. It Ar bwtwo#
605Monochromatic frame buffer, see
606.Xr \&sparc/bwtwo 4 ,
607.Xr \&sun2/bwtwo 4 ,
608.Xr \&sun3/bwtwo 4
609. It Ar cgtwo#
6108-bit color frame buffer, see
611.Xr \&sparc/cgtwo 4 ,
612.Xr \&sun3/cgtwo 4
613. It Ar cgthree#
6148-bit color frame buffer, see
615.Xr \&sparc/cgthree 4
616. It Ar cgfour#
6178-bit color frame buffer, see
618.Xr \&sparc/cgfour 4 ,
619.Xr \&sun3/cgfour 4
620. It Ar cgsix#
621Accelerated 8-bit color frame buffer, see
622.Xr \&sparc/cgsix 4
623. It Ar cgeight#
62424-bit color frame buffer, see
625.Xr \&sparc/cgeight 4
626. It Ar etvme
627Tseng et-compatible cards on VME (atari)
628. It Ar ik#
629UNIBUS interface to Ikonas frame buffer, see
630.Xr \&vax/ik 4
631. It Ar leo
632Circad Leonardo VME-bus true color (atari)
633. It Ar ps#
634UNIBUS interface to Picture System 2, see
635.Xr \&vax/ps 4
636. It Ar qv#
637QVSS (MicroVAX) display
638. It Ar tcx#
639Accelerated 8/24-bit color frame buffer, see
640.Xr \&sparc/tcx 4
641. El
642.It Maple bus devices :
643. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
644. It Ar maple
645Maple bus control devices, see
646.Xr \&dreamcast/maple 4
647. It Ar mlcd#
648Maple bus LCD devices, see
649.Xr \&dreamcast/mlcd 4
650. It Ar mmem#
651Maple bus storage devices, see
652.Xr \&dreamcast/mmem 4
653. El
654.It IEEE1394 bus devices :
655. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
656. It Ar fw#
657IEEE1394 bus generic node access devices
658. It Ar fwmem#
659IEEE1394 bus physical memory of the remote node access devices
660. El
661.It Special purpose devices :
662. Bl -tag -width 0123456789 -compact
663. It Ar ad#
664UNIBUS interface to Data Translation A/D converter, see
665.Xr \&vax/ad 4
666. It Ar agp#
667AGP GART devices, see
668.Xr \&agp 4
669. It Ar altq
670ALTQ control interface
671. It Ar amr#
672AMI MegaRaid control device, see
673.Xr \&amr 4
674. It Ar apm
675Power management device, see
676.Xr \&i386/apm 4
677. It Ar audio#
678Audio devices, see
679.Xr \&audio 4
680. It Ar bell#
681OPM bell device (x68k)
682. It Ar bktr
683Brooktree 848/849/878/879 based TV cards, see
684.Xr \&bktr 4
685. It Ar bpf
686Packet filter, see
687.Xr \&bpf 4
688. It Ar bthub
689Bluetooth Device Hub control interface, see
690.Xr \&bthub 4
691. It Ar cfs#
692Coda file system device
693. It Ar ch#
694SCSI media changer, see
695.Xr \&ch 4
696. It Ar cir#
697Consumer IR, see
698.Xr \&cir 4
699. It Ar clockctl
700Clock control for non root users, see
701.Xr \&clockctl 4
702. It Ar cpuctl
703CPU control
704. It Ar crypto
705Hardware crypto access driver, see
706.Xr \&crypto 4
707. It Ar dmoverio
708Hardware-assisted data movers, see
709.Xr \&dmoverio 4
710. It Ar dpt#
711DPT/Adaptec EATA RAID management interface, see
712.Xr \&dpt 4
713. It Ar dpti#
714DPT/Adaptec I2O RAID management interface, see
715.Xr \&dpti 4
716. It Ar fb#
717PMAX generic framebuffer pseudo-device
718. It Ar fd
719File descriptors
720. It Ar grf#
721Graphics frame buffer device, see
722.Xr \&amiga/grf 4 ,
723.Xr \&hp300/grf 4
724. It Ar hil
725HP300 HIL input devices, see
726.Xr \&hp300/hil 4
727. It Ar icp
728ICP-Vortex/Intel RAID control interface, see
729.Xr \&icp 4
730. It Ar iic#
731IIC bus device
732. It Ar io
733X86 IOPL access for COMPAT_10, COMPAT_FREEBSD, see
734.Xr \&hp700/io 4 ,
735.Xr \&i386/io 4
736. It Ar iop#
737I2O IOP control interface, see
738.Xr \&iop 4
739. It Ar ipl
740IP Filter
741. It Ar irframe#
742IrDA physical frame, see
743.Xr \&irframe 4
744. It Ar ite#
745Terminal emulator interface to HP300 graphics devices, see
746.Xr \&amiga/ite 4 ,
747.Xr \&hp300/ite 4
748. It Ar joy#
749Joystick device, see
750.Xr \&joy 4
751. It Ar kttcp
752Kernel ttcp helper device, see
753.Xr \&kttcp 4
754. It Ar lockstat
755Kernel locking statistics
756. It Ar magma#
757Magma multiport serial/parallel cards, see
758.Xr \&sparc/magma 4
759. It Ar midi#
760MIDI, see
761.Xr \&midi 4
762. It Ar mlx#
763Mylex DAC960 control interface, see
764.Xr \&mlx 4
765. It Ar mly#
766Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID control interface, see
767.Xr \&mly 4
768. It Ar np#
769UNIBUS Ethernet co-processor interface, for downloading., see
770.Xr \&vax/np 4
771. It Ar nsmb#
772SMB requester, see
773.Xr \&nsmb 4
774. It Ar openfirm
775OpenFirmware accessor
776. It Ar pad#
777Pseudo-audio device driver, see
778.Xr \&pad 4
779. It Ar pci#
780PCI bus access devices, see
781.Xr \&pci 4
782. It Ar pf
783PF packet filter
784. It Ar pow#
785Power management device (x68k), see
786.Xr \&x68k/pow 4
787. It Ar putter
788Pass-to-Userspace Transporter
789. It Ar px#
790PixelStamp Xserver access, see
791.Xr \&px 4
792. It Ar radio#
793Radio devices, see
794.Xr \&radio 4
795. It Ar random
796Random number generator, see
797.Xr \&rnd 4
798. It Ar rtc#
799RealTimeClock, see
800.Xr \&atari/rtc 4 ,
801.Xr \&evbppc/rtc 4 ,
802.Xr \&hp300/rtc 4
803. It Ar satlink#
804PlanetConnect satellite receiver driver
805. It Ar scsibus#
806SCSI busses, see
807.Xr \&scsi 4
808. It Ar se#
809SCSI Ethernet, see
810.Xr \&se 4
811. It Ar ses#
812SES/SAF-TE SCSI Devices, see
813.Xr \&ses 4
814. It Ar speaker
815PC speaker, see
816.Xr \&speaker 4
817. It Ar sram
818Battery backuped memory (x68k)
819. It Ar ss#
820SCSI scanner, see
821.Xr \&ss 4
822. It Ar stic#
823PixelStamp interface chip
824. It Ar sysmon
825System Monitoring hardware, see
826.Xr \&envsys 4
827. It Ar tap#
828Virtual Ethernet device, see
829.Xr \&tap 4
830. It Ar tun#
831Network tunnel driver, see
832.Xr \&tun 4
833. It Ar twa
8343ware Apache control interface, see
835.Xr \&twa 4
836. It Ar twe
8373ware Escalade control interface, see
838.Xr \&twe 4
839. It Ar uk#
840Unknown SCSI device, see
841.Xr \&uk 4
842. It Ar veriexec
843Verified executable fingerprint loader, see
844.Xr \&veriexec 4
845. It Ar video#
846Video capture devices, see
847.Xr \&video 4
848. It Ar view#
849Generic interface to graphic displays (Amiga)
850. It Ar vmegen#
851Generic VME access
852. It Ar wsfont#
853Console font control, see
854.Xr \&wsfont 4
855. It Ar wsmux#
856wscons event multiplexor, see
857.Xr \&wsmux 4
858. It Ar xenevt
859Xen event interface
860. El
861.El
862.Sh ENVIRONMENT
863The following environment variables affect the execution of
864.Nm :
865.Pp
866.Bl -tag -width indent
867.It Ev MAKEDEV_AS_LIBRARY
868If this is set, then
869.Nm
870will define several shell functions and then return,
871ignoring all its command line options and arguments.
872This is used to enable
873.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8
874to use the shell functions defined in
875.Nm .
876.El
877.Sh FILES
878.Bl -tag -width "/dev/MAKEDEV.local" -compact
879.It Pa /dev
880special device files directory
881.It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV
882script described in this man page
883.It Pa /dev/MAKEDEV.local
884script for site-specific devices
885.El
886.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
887If the script reports an error that is difficult to understand,
888you can get more debugging output by using
889.Dl Ic sh Fl x Ar MAKEDEV Ar argument .
890.Sh SEE ALSO
891.Xr config 1 ,
892.Xr init 1 ,
893.Xr pax 1 ,
894.Xr intro 4 ,
895.Xr MAKEDEV.local 8 ,
896.Xr diskless 8 ,
897.Xr mknod 8 ,
898.Xr mount_mfs 8 ,
899.Xr mount_tmpfs 8 ,
900.Xr mtree 8
901.Sh HISTORY
902The
903.Nm
904command appeared in
905.Bx 4.2 .
906The
907.Fl f ,
908.Fl m ,
909and
910.Fl s
911options were added in
912.Nx 2.0 .
913The
914.Fl p ,
915.Fl t ,
916and
917.Fl M
918options were added in
919.Nx 5.0 .
920The ability to be used as a function library was added in
921.Nx 5.0 .
922.Sh BUGS
923The
924.Fl f
925option is not compatible with the use of
926.Xr mtree 8
927or
928.Xr pax 1 .
929.Sh NOTES
930Not all devices listed in this manpage are supported on all platforms.
931.Pp
932This man page is generated automatically from the same sources
933as
934.Pa /dev/MAKEDEV ,
935in which the device files are not always sorted, which may result
936in an unusual (non-alphabetical) order.
937.Pp
938In order to allow a diskless
939.Nx
940client to obtain its
941.Pa /dev
942directory from a file server running a foreign operating system,
943one of the following techniques may be useful to populate
944a directory of device nodes on the foreign server:
945.Bl -bullet
946.It
947If the foreign server is sufficiently similar to
948.Nx ,
949run
950.Nm
951in an appropriate directory of the foreign server,
952using the
953.Fl m
954flag to refer to a script that converts from command line
955arguments that would be usable with the
956.Nx
957.Xr mknod 8
958command to the equivalent commands for the foreign server.
959.It
960Run
961.Nm
962with the
963.Fl s
964flag to generate an
965.Xr mtree 8
966specification file; this can be done on any host with a
967POSIX-compliant shell and a few widely-available utilities.
968Use the
969.Xr pax 1
970command with the
971.Fl w Fl M
972flags to convert the
973.Xr mtree 8
974specification file into an archive
975in a format that supports device nodes
976(such as
977.Ar ustar
978format);
979this can be done on a
980.Nx
981host, or can be done in a cross-build environment using
982.Sy TOOLDIR Ns Pa /bin/nbpax .
983Finally, use apropriate tools on the foreign server
984to unpack the archive and create the device nodes.
985.El
986