1.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)hier.7 6.3 (Berkeley) 7/23/91 33.\" 34.Dd July 23, 1991 35.Dt HIER 7 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm hier 39.Nd layout of filesystems 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 42.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 43.It Li / 44root directory of the filesystem 45.It Li /bin/ 46user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 47.It Li /dev/ 48block and character device files 49.Pp 50.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 51.It Li MAKEDEV 52script for creating device files; 53see 54.Xr makedev 8 55.It Li fd/ 56file descriptor files; 57see 58.Xr \&fd 4 59.El 60.It Li /etc/ 61system configuration files and scripts 62.Pp 63.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 64.It Li localtime 65local timezone information; 66see 67.Xr ctime 3 68.It Li disklabels/ 69backup disklabels; 70see 71.Xr disklabel 8 72.It Li kerberosIV/ 73configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 74see 75.Xr kerberos 1 76.It Li mtree/ 77mtree configuration files; 78see 79.Xr mtree 1 80.It Li namedb/ 81named configuration files; 82see 83.Xr named 8 84.El 85.It Li /mnt/ 86empty directory commonly used by 87system administrators as a temporary mount point 88.It Li /netbsd 89pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 90at boot time). 91.It Li /sbin/ 92system programs and administration utilities 93fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 94.It Li /stand/ 95programs used in a standalone environment 96.It Li /tmp/ 97temporary files, usually a 98.Xr mfs 8 99memory-based filesystem (the contents 100of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 101.It Li /usr/ 102contains the majority of user utilities and applications 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 105.It Li bin/ 106common utilities, programming tools, and applications 107.It Li contrib/ 108large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 109.It Li games/ 110useful and semi-frivolous programs 111.It Li include/ 112standard C include files 113.Pp 114.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 115.It Li X11/ 116C include files for X11 window system 117.It Li arpa/ 118C include files for Internet service protocols 119.It Li kerberosIV/ 120C include files for kerberos authentication package; 121see 122.Xr kerberos 1 123.It Li machine/ 124machine specific C include files 125.It Li net/ 126misc network C include files 127.It Li netimp/ 128C include files for IMP protocols; 129see 130.Xr imp 4 131.It Li netinet/ 132C include files for Internet standard protocols; 133see 134.Xr inet 4 135.It Li netiso/ 136C include files for ISO standard protocols; 137see 138.Xr iso 4 139.It Li netns/ 140C include files for XNS standard protocols; 141see 142.Xr \&ns 4 143.It Li nfs/ 144C include files for NFS (Network File System) 145.It Li pascal/ 146include files for pc 1 147.It Li protocols/ 148C include files for Berkeley service protocols 149.It Li sys/ 150system C include files (kernel data structures) 151.It Li ufs/ 152C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 153.El 154.Pp 155.It Li lib/ 156archive libraries 157.Pp 158.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 159.It Li uucp/ 160UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 161.El 162.It Li libdata/ 163misc. utility data files 164.It Li libexec/ 165system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 166.It Li local/ 167local executables, libraries, etc. 168.It Li obj/ 169architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 170.It Li old/ 171programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 172releases 173.It Li sbin/ 174system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 175.It Li share/ 176architecture-independent ascii text files 177.Pp 178.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 179.It Li calendar/ 180a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 181see 182.Xr calendar 1 183.It Li dict/ 184word lists; 185see 186.Xr look 1 187.Pp 188.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 189.It Li words 190common words 191.It Li web2 192words from Webster's 2nd International 193.It Li papers/ 194reference databases; 195see 196.Xr refer 1 197.It Li special/ 198custom word lists; 199see 200.Xr spell 1 201.El 202.Pp 203.It Li doc/ 204misc documentation; 205src for most of the printed 206.Bx BSD 207manuals (available 208from the 209.Tn USENIX 210association) 211.It Li games/ 212ascii text files used by various games 213.It Li man/ 214manual pages 215.It Li me/ 216macros for use with the me macro package 217.It Li misc/ 218misc system-wide ascii text files 219.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 220.It Li termcap 221terminal characteristics database; 222see 223.Xr termcap 5 224.El 225.It Li mk/ 226templates for make; 227see 228.Xr make 1 229.It Li ms/ 230macros for use with the ms macro package 231.It Li skel/ 232example . (dot) files for new accounts 233.It Li tabset/ 234tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 235the termcap file; 236see 237.Xr termcap 5 238.It Li tmac/ 239text processing macros; 240see 241.Xr nroff 1 242and 243.Xr troff 1 244.It Li zoneinfo/ 245timezone configuration information; 246see 247.Xr tzfile 5 248.El 249.Pp 250.It Li src/ 251BSD and/or local source files 252.Pp 253.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 254.It Li bin/ 255src for files in /bin 256.It Li contrib/ 257src for files in /usr/contrib 258.It Li etc/ 259src for files in /etc 260.It Li games/ 261src for files in /usr/games 262.It Li include/ 263src for files in /usr/include 264.It Li kerberosIV/ 265src for kerberos version IV 266.It Li lib/ 267src for files in /usr/lib 268.It Li libexec/ 269src for files in /usr/libexec 270.It Li local/ 271src for files in /usr/local 272.It Li old/ 273src for files in /usr/old 274.It Li pgrm/ 275src for programming tools in /usr/bin 276.It Li sbin/ 277src for files in /sbin 278.It Li share/ 279src for files in /usr/share 280.It Li sys/ 281kernel src files 282.It Li usr.bin/ 283src for files in /usr/bin 284.It Li usr.sbin/ 285src for files in /usr/sbin 286.El 287.El 288.It Li /var/ 289multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 290.Pp 291.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 292.It Li account/ 293system accounting files 294.Pp 295.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 296.It Li acct 297execution accounting file; 298see 299.Xr acct 5 300.El 301.Pp 302.It Li at/ 303timed command scheduling files; 304see 305.Xr \&at 1 306.It Li backups/ 307misc. backup files 308.It Li db/ 309misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 310.It Li games/ 311misc. game status and log files 312.It Li log/ 313misc. system log files 314.Pp 315.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 316.It Li wtmp 317login/logout log; 318see 319.Xr wtmp 5 320.El 321.Pp 322.It Li mail/ 323user mailbox files 324.It Li preserve/ 325temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 326of an editor; 327see 328.Xr \&ex 1 329.It Li quotas/ 330filesystem quota information files 331.It Li run/ 332system information files describing various info about 333system since it was booted 334.Pp 335.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 336.It Li utmp 337database of current users; 338see 339.Xr utmp 5 340.El 341.Pp 342.It Li rwho/ 343rwho data files; 344see 345.Xr rwhod 8 , 346.Xr rwho 1 , 347and 348.Xr ruptime 1 349.It Li spool/ 350misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 351.Pp 352.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 353.It Li ftp/ 354commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 355.It Li mqueue/ 356undelivered mail queue; 357see 358.Xr sendmail 8 359.It Li output/ 360line printer spooling directories 361.It Li secretmail/ 362secretmail spool directory; 363see 364.Xr xget 1 365.It Li uucp/ 366uucp spool directory 367.It Li uucppublic/ 368commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 369.El 370.Pp 371.It Li tmp/ 372temporary files that are kept between system reboots 373.El 374.El 375.Sh SEE ALSO 376.Xr \&ls 1 , 377.Xr apropos 1 , 378.Xr whatis 1 , 379.Xr whereis 1 , 380.Xr finger 1 , 381.Xr which 1 , 382.Xr find 1 , 383.Xr grep 1 , 384.Xr fsck 8 385.Sh HISTORY 386A 387.Nm hier 388manual page appeared in 389.At v7 . 390