1.\" $NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.9 1997/10/06 23:36:59 hubertf Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 5, 1993 37.Dt HIER 7 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm hier 41.Nd layout of filesystems 42.Sh DESCRIPTION 43A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 44.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 45.It Li / 46root directory of the filesystem 47.It Li /bin/ 48user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 49.It Li /dev/ 50block and character device files 51.Pp 52.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 53.It Li MAKEDEV 54script for creating device files; 55see 56.Xr makedev 8 57.It Li fd/ 58file descriptor files; 59see 60.Xr \&fd 4 61.El 62.It Li /etc/ 63system configuration files and scripts 64.Pp 65.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 66.It Li localtime 67local timezone information; 68see 69.Xr ctime 3 70.It Li disklabels/ 71backup disklabels; 72see 73.Xr disklabel 8 74.It Li kerberosIV/ 75configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 76see 77.Xr kerberos 1 78.It Li mtree/ 79mtree configuration files; 80see 81.Xr mtree 1 82.It Li namedb/ 83named configuration files; 84see 85.Xr named 8 86.It Li uucp/ 87UUCP configuration files; 88.El 89.It Li /mnt/ 90empty directory commonly used by 91system administrators as a temporary mount point 92.It Li /netbsd 93pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 94at boot time). 95.It Li /sbin/ 96system programs and administration utilities 97fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 98.It Li /stand/ 99programs used in a standalone environment 100.It Li /tmp/ 101temporary files, usually a 102.Xr mfs 8 103memory-based filesystem (the contents 104of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 105.It Li /usr/ 106contains the majority of user utilities and applications 107.Pp 108.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 109.It Li bin/ 110common utilities, programming tools, and applications 111.It Li contrib/ 112large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 113.It Li games/ 114useful and semi-frivolous programs 115.It Li include/ 116standard C include files 117.Pp 118.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 119.It Li X11/ 120C include files for X11 window system 121.It Li arpa/ 122C include files for Internet service protocols 123.It Li kerberosIV/ 124C include files for kerberos authentication package; 125see 126.Xr kerberos 1 127.It Li machine/ 128machine specific C include files 129.It Li net/ 130misc network C include files 131.It Li netatalk/ 132C include files for AppleTalk protocols 133.It Li netccitt/ 134C include files for CCITT protocols (HDLC, X.25, ...) 135.It Li netinet/ 136C include files for Internet standard protocols; 137see 138.Xr inet 4 139.It Li netiso/ 140C include files for ISO standard protocols; 141see 142.Xr iso 4 143.It Li natm/ 144C include files for native mode ATM 145.It Li netns/ 146C include files for XNS standard protocols; 147see 148.Xr \&ns 4 149.It Li nfs/ 150C include files for NFS (Network File System) 151.It Li protocols/ 152C include files for Berkeley service protocols 153.It Li sys/ 154system C include files (kernel data structures) 155.It Li ufs/ 156C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 157.El 158.Pp 159.It Li lib/ 160archive libraries 161.It Li libdata/ 162misc. utility data files 163.It Li libexec/ 164system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 165.It Li local/ 166local executables, libraries, etc. 167.It Li mdec/ 168boot blocks, etc. 169.It Li obj/ 170architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 171.It Li old/ 172programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 173releases 174.It Li sbin/ 175system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 176.It Li share/ 177architecture-independent data files 178.Pp 179.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 180.It Li calendar/ 181a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 182see 183.Xr calendar 1 184.It Li dict/ 185word lists; 186see 187.Xr look 1 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 190.It Li words 191common words 192.It Li web2 193words from Webster's 2nd International 194.It Li papers/ 195reference databases; 196see 197.Xr refer 1 198.It Li special/ 199custom word lists; 200see 201.Xr spell 1 202.El 203.Pp 204.It Li doc/ 205misc documentation; 206src for most of the printed 207.Bx 4.3 208manuals (available 209from the 210.Tn USENIX 211association) 212.It Li games/ 213ascii text files used by various games 214.It Li lkm/ 215documentation on the loadable kernel modules interface 216.It Li man/ 217manual pages 218.It Li me/ 219macros for use with the me macro package 220.It Li misc/ 221misc system-wide ascii text files 222.Pp 223.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 224.It Li termcap 225terminal characteristics database; 226see 227.Xr termcap 5 228.El 229.Pp 230.It Li mk/ 231templates for make; 232see 233.Xr make 1 234.Pp 235.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 236.It Li bsd.README 237description of the BSD Makefile framework 238.El 239.Pp 240.It Li ms/ 241macros for use with the ms macro package 242.It Li nls/ 243native language support files for libc 244.It Li sendmail/ 245documentation and files for sendmail-configuration 246.It Li skel/ 247example . (dot) files for new accounts 248.It Li tabset/ 249tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 250the termcap file; 251see 252.Xr termcap 5 253.It Li tmac/ 254text processing macros; 255see 256.Xr nroff 1 257and 258.Xr troff 1 259.It Li zoneinfo/ 260timezone configuration information; 261see 262.Xr tzfile 5 263.El 264.Pp 265.It Li src/ 266BSD and/or local source files 267.Pp 268.Bl -tag -width "usr.sbin/" -compact 269.It Li bin/ 270src for files in /bin 271.It Li contrib/ 272src for files in /usr/contrib 273.It Li distrib/ 274tools and data-files for making distributions 275.It Li domestic/ 276source covered by US ITAR export restrictions 277.It Li etc/ 278src for files in /etc 279.It Li games/ 280src for files in /usr/games 281.It Li include/ 282src for files in /usr/include 283.It Li lib/ 284src for files in /usr/lib 285.It Li libexec/ 286src for files in /usr/libexec 287.It Li local/ 288src for files in /usr/local 289.It Li old/ 290src for files in /usr/old 291.It Li pgrm/ 292src for programming tools in /usr/bin 293.It Li sbin/ 294src for files in /sbin 295.It Li share/ 296src for files in /usr/share 297.It Li sys/ 298kernel src files 299.It Li usr.bin/ 300src for files in /usr/bin 301.It Li usr.sbin/ 302src for files in /usr/sbin 303.El 304.El 305.It Li /var/ 306multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 307.Pp 308.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 309.It Li account/ 310system accounting files 311.Pp 312.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 313.It Li acct 314execution accounting file; 315see 316.Xr acct 5 317.El 318.Pp 319.It Li at/ 320timed command scheduling files; 321see 322.Xr \&at 1 323.It Li backups/ 324misc. backup files 325.It Li db/ 326misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 327.It Li games/ 328misc. game status and log files 329.It Li log/ 330misc. system log files 331.Pp 332.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 333.It Li wtmp 334login/logout log; 335see 336.Xr wtmp 5 337.El 338.Pp 339.It Li mail/ 340user mailbox files 341.It Li preserve/ 342temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 343of an editor; 344see 345.Xr \&ex 1 346.It Li quotas/ 347filesystem quota information files 348.It Li run/ 349system information files describing various info about 350system since it was booted 351.Pp 352.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 353.It Li utmp 354database of current users; 355see 356.Xr utmp 5 357.El 358.Pp 359.It Li rwho/ 360rwho data files; 361see 362.Xr rwhod 8 , 363.Xr rwho 1 , 364and 365.Xr ruptime 1 366.It Li spool/ 367misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 368.Pp 369.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 370.It Li ftp/ 371commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory; 372see 373.Xr ftpd 8 374.It Li mqueue/ 375undelivered mail queue; 376see 377.Xr sendmail 8 378.It Li output/ 379line printer spooling directories 380.It Li secretmail/ 381secretmail spool directory; 382see 383.Xr xget 1 384.It Li uucp/ 385uucp spool directory 386.It Li uucppublic/ 387commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 388.El 389.Pp 390.It Li tmp/ 391temporary files that are kept between system reboots 392.El 393.El 394.Sh SEE ALSO 395.Xr \&ls 1 , 396.Xr apropos 1 , 397.Xr whatis 1 , 398.Xr whereis 1 , 399.Xr finger 1 , 400.Xr which 1 , 401.Xr find 1 , 402.Xr grep 1 , 403.Xr fsck 8 404.Sh HISTORY 405A 406.Nm hier 407manual page appeared in 408.At v7 . 409