1.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" from: @(#)hier.7 6.3 (Berkeley) 7/23/91 33.\" $Id: hier.7,v 1.6 1994/07/09 05:51:13 mycroft Exp $ 34.\" 35.Dd July 23, 1991 36.Dt HIER 7 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm hier 40.Nd layout of filesystems 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 43.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 44.It Li / 45root directory of the filesystem 46.It Li /bin/ 47user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 48.It Li /dev/ 49block and character device files 50.Pp 51.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 52.It Li MAKEDEV 53script for creating device files; 54see 55.Xr makedev 8 56.It Li fd/ 57file descriptor files; 58see 59.Xr \&fd 4 60.El 61.It Li /etc/ 62system configuration files and scripts 63.Pp 64.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 65.It Li localtime 66local timezone information; 67see 68.Xr ctime 3 69.It Li disklabels/ 70backup disklabels; 71see 72.Xr disklabel 8 73.It Li kerberosIV/ 74configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 75see 76.Xr kerberos 1 77.It Li mtree/ 78mtree configuration files; 79see 80.Xr mtree 1 81.It Li namedb/ 82named configuration files; 83see 84.Xr named 8 85.It Li uucp/ 86UUCP configuration files; 87.El 88.It Li /mnt/ 89empty directory commonly used by 90system administrators as a temporary mount point 91.It Li /netbsd 92pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 93at boot time). 94.It Li /sbin/ 95system programs and administration utilities 96fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 97.It Li /stand/ 98programs used in a standalone environment 99.It Li /tmp/ 100temporary files, usually a 101.Xr mfs 8 102memory-based filesystem (the contents 103of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 104.It Li /usr/ 105contains the majority of user utilities and applications 106.Pp 107.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 108.It Li bin/ 109common utilities, programming tools, and applications 110.It Li contrib/ 111large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 112.It Li games/ 113useful and semi-frivolous programs 114.It Li include/ 115standard C include files 116.Pp 117.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 118.It Li X11/ 119C include files for X11 window system 120.It Li arpa/ 121C include files for Internet service protocols 122.It Li kerberosIV/ 123C include files for kerberos authentication package; 124see 125.Xr kerberos 1 126.It Li machine/ 127machine specific C include files 128.It Li net/ 129misc network C include files 130.It Li netimp/ 131C include files for IMP protocols; 132see 133.Xr imp 4 134.It Li netinet/ 135C include files for Internet standard protocols; 136see 137.Xr inet 4 138.It Li netiso/ 139C include files for ISO standard protocols; 140see 141.Xr iso 4 142.It Li netns/ 143C include files for XNS standard protocols; 144see 145.Xr \&ns 4 146.It Li nfs/ 147C include files for NFS (Network File System) 148.It Li pascal/ 149include files for pc 1 150.It Li protocols/ 151C include files for Berkeley service protocols 152.It Li sys/ 153system C include files (kernel data structures) 154.It Li ufs/ 155C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 156.El 157.Pp 158.It Li lib/ 159archive libraries 160.It Li libdata/ 161misc. utility data files 162.It Li libexec/ 163system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 164.It Li local/ 165local executables, libraries, etc. 166.It Li obj/ 167architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 168.It Li old/ 169programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 170releases 171.It Li sbin/ 172system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 173.It Li share/ 174architecture-independent data files 175.Pp 176.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 177.It Li calendar/ 178a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 179see 180.Xr calendar 1 181.It Li dict/ 182word lists; 183see 184.Xr look 1 185.Pp 186.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 187.It Li words 188common words 189.It Li web2 190words from Webster's 2nd International 191.It Li papers/ 192reference databases; 193see 194.Xr refer 1 195.It Li special/ 196custom word lists; 197see 198.Xr spell 1 199.El 200.Pp 201.It Li doc/ 202misc documentation; 203src for most of the printed 204.Bx 4.3 205manuals (available 206from the 207.Tn USENIX 208association) 209.It Li games/ 210ascii text files used by various games 211.It Li man/ 212manual pages 213.It Li me/ 214macros for use with the me macro package 215.It Li misc/ 216misc system-wide ascii text files 217.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 218.It Li termcap 219terminal characteristics database; 220see 221.Xr termcap 5 222.El 223.It Li mk/ 224templates for make; 225see 226.Xr make 1 227.It Li ms/ 228macros for use with the ms macro package 229.It Li skel/ 230example . (dot) files for new accounts 231.It Li tabset/ 232tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 233the termcap file; 234see 235.Xr termcap 5 236.It Li tmac/ 237text processing macros; 238see 239.Xr nroff 1 240and 241.Xr troff 1 242.It Li zoneinfo/ 243timezone configuration information; 244see 245.Xr tzfile 5 246.El 247.Pp 248.It Li src/ 249BSD and/or local source files 250.Pp 251.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 252.It Li bin/ 253src for files in /bin 254.It Li contrib/ 255src for files in /usr/contrib 256.It Li etc/ 257src for files in /etc 258.It Li games/ 259src for files in /usr/games 260.It Li include/ 261src for files in /usr/include 262.It Li kerberosIV/ 263src for kerberos version IV 264.It Li lib/ 265src for files in /usr/lib 266.It Li libexec/ 267src for files in /usr/libexec 268.It Li local/ 269src for files in /usr/local 270.It Li old/ 271src for files in /usr/old 272.It Li pgrm/ 273src for programming tools in /usr/bin 274.It Li sbin/ 275src for files in /sbin 276.It Li share/ 277src for files in /usr/share 278.It Li sys/ 279kernel src files 280.It Li usr.bin/ 281src for files in /usr/bin 282.It Li usr.sbin/ 283src for files in /usr/sbin 284.El 285.El 286.It Li /var/ 287multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 288.Pp 289.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 290.It Li account/ 291system accounting files 292.Pp 293.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 294.It Li acct 295execution accounting file; 296see 297.Xr acct 5 298.El 299.Pp 300.It Li at/ 301timed command scheduling files; 302see 303.Xr \&at 1 304.It Li backups/ 305misc. backup files 306.It Li db/ 307misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 308.It Li games/ 309misc. game status and log files 310.It Li log/ 311misc. system log files 312.Pp 313.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 314.It Li wtmp 315login/logout log; 316see 317.Xr wtmp 5 318.El 319.Pp 320.It Li mail/ 321user mailbox files 322.It Li preserve/ 323temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 324of an editor; 325see 326.Xr \&ex 1 327.It Li quotas/ 328filesystem quota information files 329.It Li run/ 330system information files describing various info about 331system since it was booted 332.Pp 333.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 334.It Li utmp 335database of current users; 336see 337.Xr utmp 5 338.El 339.Pp 340.It Li rwho/ 341rwho data files; 342see 343.Xr rwhod 8 , 344.Xr rwho 1 , 345and 346.Xr ruptime 1 347.It Li spool/ 348misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 349.Pp 350.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 351.It Li ftp/ 352commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 353.It Li mqueue/ 354undelivered mail queue; 355see 356.Xr sendmail 8 357.It Li output/ 358line printer spooling directories 359.It Li secretmail/ 360secretmail spool directory; 361see 362.Xr xget 1 363.It Li uucp/ 364uucp spool directory 365.It Li uucppublic/ 366commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 367.El 368.Pp 369.It Li tmp/ 370temporary files that are kept between system reboots 371.El 372.El 373.Sh SEE ALSO 374.Xr \&ls 1 , 375.Xr apropos 1 , 376.Xr whatis 1 , 377.Xr whereis 1 , 378.Xr finger 1 , 379.Xr which 1 , 380.Xr find 1 , 381.Xr grep 1 , 382.Xr fsck 8 383.Sh HISTORY 384A 385.Nm hier 386manual page appeared in 387.At v7 . 388