xref: /netbsd-src/share/man/man7/hier.7 (revision 2a399c6883d870daece976daec6ffa7bb7f934ce)
1.\"	$NetBSD: hier.7,v 1.11 1997/11/15 22:58:39 hubertf Exp $
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34.\"	@(#)hier.7	8.5 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
35.\"
36.Dd June 1, 1994
37.Dt HIER 7
38.Os
39.Sh NAME
40.Nm hier
41.Nd layout of filesystems
42.Sh DESCRIPTION
43An outline of the filesystem hierarchy.
44.Bl -tag -width "/altroot/"
45.It Sy \&/
46root directory of the system
47.It Sy /COPYRIGHT
48system copyright notice
49.It Sy "/[a-z]"
50user filesystems
51.It Sy /altroot/
52alternate root filesystem, in case of disaster
53.It Sy /amd/
54home directories mount point; see
55.Xr amd 8
56.It Sy /bin/
57utilities used in both single and multi-user environments
58.It Sy /dev/
59block, character and other special device files
60.Pp
61.Bl -tag -width "MAKEDEV" -compact
62.It Sy MAKEDEV
63script for creating device files;
64see
65.Xr makedev 8
66.It Sy console
67the computer's console device
68.It Sy fd/
69file descriptor files;
70see
71.Xr \&fd 4
72.It Sy drum
73system swap space; see
74.Xr drum 4
75.It Sy klog
76kernel logging device; see
77.Xr syslog 3
78.It Sy kmem
79kernel virtual memory device; see
80.Xr mem 4
81.It Sy log
82UNIX domain datagram log socket; see
83.Xr syslogd 8
84.It Sy mem
85kernel physical memory device; see
86.Xr mem 4
87.It Sy stderr
88.It Sy stdin
89.It Sy stdout
90file descriptor files;
91see
92.Xr \&fd 4
93.It Sy null
94the null device; see
95.Xr null 4
96.It Sy tty
97process' controlling terminal device; see
98.Xr tty 4
99.El
100.It Sy /dump/
101online
102.Xr dump 8
103repository
104.It Sy /etc/
105system configuration files and scripts
106.Pp
107.Bl -tag -width "master.passwd" -compact
108.It Sy aliases*
109name alias files for
110.Xr sendmail 8
111.It Sy amd*
112configuration files for
113.Xr amd 8
114.It Sy changelist
115files backed up by the security script
116.It Sy crontab
117schedule used by the
118.Xr cron 8
119daemon
120.It Sy csh.cshrc
121.It Sy csh.login
122.It Sy csh.logout
123system-wide scripts for
124.Xr csh 1
125.It Sy daily
126script run each day by
127.Xr cron 8
128.It Sy disklabels/
129backup disklabels;
130see
131.Xr disklabel 8
132.It Sy disktab
133disk description file, see
134.Xr disktab 5
135.It Sy dm.conf
136dungeon master configuration; see
137.Xr dm.conf 5
138.It Sy dumpdates
139dump history; see
140.Xr dump 8
141.It Sy exports
142filesystem export information; see
143.Xr mountd 8
144.It Sy fstab
145filesystem information; see
146.Xr fstab 5
147and
148.Xr mount 8
149.It Sy ftpusers
150users denied
151.Xr ftp 1
152access; see
153.Xr ftpd 8
154.It Sy ftpwelcome
155.Xr ftp 1
156initial message; see
157.Xr ftpd 8
158.It Sy gettytab
159terminal configuration database; see
160.Xr gettytab 8
161.It Sy group
162group permissions file; see
163.Xr group 5
164.It Sy hosts
165host name database backup for
166.Xr named 8 ;
167see
168.Xr hosts 5
169.It Sy hosts.equiv
170trusted machines with equivalent user ID's
171.It Sy hosts.lpd
172trusted machines with printing privileges
173.It Sy inetd.conf
174Internet server configuration file; see
175.Xr inetd 8
176.It Sy kerberosIV/
177configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
178see
179.Xr kerberos 1
180.It Sy localtime
181local timezone information;
182see
183.Xr ctime 3
184.It Sy mail.rc
185system-wide initialization script for
186.Xr mail 1
187.It Sy man.conf
188configuration file for
189.Xr man 1 ;
190see
191.Xr man.conf 5
192.It Sy master.passwd
193.It Sy passwd
194.It Sy pwd.db
195.It Sy spwd.db
196password files and their databases; see
197.Xr pwd_mkdb 8
198.It Sy monthly
199script run each month by
200.Xr cron 8
201.It Sy motd
202system message of the day
203.It Sy mtree/
204mtree configuration files;
205see
206.Xr mtree 1
207.It Sy named.*
208.It Sy namedb/
209named configuration files and databases;
210see
211.Xr named 8
212.It Sy netgroup
213network groups; see
214.Xr netgroup 5
215.It Sy netstart
216network startup script
217.It Sy networks
218network name data base; see
219.Xr networks 5
220.It Sy phones
221remote host phone number data base; see
222.Xr phones 5
223.It Sy printcap
224system printer configuration; see
225.Xr printcap 5
226.It Sy protocols
227protocol name database; see
228.Xr protocols 5
229.It Sy rc
230.It Sy rc.local
231system startup files; see
232.Xr rc 8
233.It Sy remote
234remote host description file; see
235.Xr remote 5
236.It Sy security
237daily (in)security script run by
238.Xr cron 8
239.It Sy sendmail.*
240.Xr sendmail 8
241configuration information
242.It Sy services
243service name data base; see
244.Xr services 5
245.It Sy shells
246list of permitted shells; see
247.Xr shells 5
248.It Sy sliphome
249slip login/logout scripts; see
250.Xr slattach 8
251.It Sy syslog.conf
252.Xr syslogd 8
253configuration file; see
254.Xr syslog.conf 5
255.It Sy termcap
256terminal type database; see
257.Xr termcap 3
258.It Sy ttys
259terminal initialization information; see
260.Xr ttys 5
261.It Sy uucp/
262UUCP configuration files; see
263.Xr uucp 1
264and
265.Xr uucico 8 .
266.It Sy weekly
267script run each week by
268.Xr cron 8
269.El
270.It Sy /home/
271mount point for the automounter; see
272.Xr amd 8
273.It Sy /mnt/
274empty directory commonly used by
275system administrators as a temporary mount point
276.It Sy /netbsd
277pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
278at boot time).
279.It Sy /root/
280home directory for the super-user
281.Pp
282.Bl -tag -width ".profile" -compact
283.It Sy \&.rhosts
284super-user id mapping between machines
285.It Sy \&.cshrc
286super-user start-up file
287.It Sy \&.login
288super-user start-up file
289.It Sy \&.profile
290super-user start-up file
291.El
292.ne 1i
293.It Sy /sbin/
294system programs and administration utilities
295used in both single-user and multi-user environments
296.It Sy /stand/
297programs used in a standalone environment
298.It Sy /sys
299symbolic link to the operating system source
300.It Sy /tmp/
301temporary files, usually a
302.Xr mfs 8
303memory-based filesystem (the contents
304of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
305.It Sy /usr/
306contains the majority of the system utilities and files
307.Pp
308.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
309.It Sy X11R6/
310X11 files
311.Pp
312.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
313.It Sy bin/
314X11 binaries
315.It Sy include/
316X11 include files
317.It Sy lib/
318X11 libraries
319.El
320.Pp
321.It Sy bin/
322common utilities, programming tools, and applications
323.It Sy contrib/
324packages maintained by groups other than Berkeley
325.Pp
326.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
327.It Sy bin/
328contributed binaries
329.It Sy include/
330contributed include files
331.It Sy libexec/
332contributed daemons
333.It Sy libdata/
334contributed data files
335.El
336.Pp
337.It Sy games/
338the important stuff
339.It Sy include/
340standard C include files
341.Pp
342.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
343.It Sy arpa/
344include files for Internet service protocols
345.It Sy g++/
346include files for the C++ compiler
347.It Sy kerberosIV/
348include files for kerberos authentication package;
349see
350.Xr kerberos 1
351.It Sy machine/
352machine specific include files
353.It Sy net/
354.It Sy netatalk/
355C include files for AppleTalk protocols
356miscellaneous network include files;
357see
358.Xr atalk 4
359.It Sy netccitt/
360CCITT networking include files
361.It Sy netinet/
362include files for Internet standard protocols; see
363.Xr inet 4
364.It Sy netiso/
365include files for ISO standard protocols; see
366.Xr iso 4
367.It Sy natm/
368C include files for native mode ATM
369.It Sy netns/
370C include files for XNS standard protocols; see
371.Xr \&ns 4
372.It Sy nfs/
373C include files for NFS (Network File System)
374.It Sy protocols/
375C include files for Berkeley service protocols
376.It Sy sys/
377system C include files (kernel data structures)
378.It Sy ufs/
379C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
380.El
381.Pp
382.It Sy lib/
383archive, profiled, position independant archive, and shared libraries
384.It Sy libdata/
385miscellaneous utility data files
386.It Sy libexec/
387system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
388.Pp
389.Bl -tag -width "uucp/" -compact
390.It Sy uucp/
391UUCP binaries and scripts (historically placed; to be moved)
392.El
393.Pp
394.It Sy local/
395local executables, libraries, etc.
396.Pp
397.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
398.It Sy bin/
399local binaries
400.It Sy include/
401local include files
402.It Sy libexec/
403local daemons
404.It Sy libdata/
405local data files
406.El
407.Pp
408.It Sy mdec/
409boot blocks, etc.
410.It Sy obj/
411architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
412.Pa /usr/src
413tree; normally a symbolic link or mounted filesystem
414.It Sy sbin/
415system daemons and system utilities (normally executed by the super-user)
416.It Sy share/
417architecture-independent text files
418.Pp
419.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
420.It Sy calendar/
421a variety of calendar files; see
422.Xr calendar 1
423.It Sy dict/
424word lists;
425see
426.Xr look 1
427and
428.Xr spell 1
429.Pp
430.Bl -tag -width "special/" -compact
431.It Sy words
432common words
433.It Sy web2
434words of Webster's 2nd International
435.It Sy papers/
436reference databases;
437see
438.Xr refer 1
439.It Sy special/
440custom word lists;
441see
442.Xr spell 1
443.El
444.Pp
445.It Sy doc/
446miscellaneous documentation; source for most of the printed
447.Bx 4.3
448manuals (available
449from the
450.Tn USENIX
451association)
452.It Sy games/
453text files used by various games
454.It Sy lkm/
455documentation on the loadable kernel modules interface
456.It Sy man/
457formatted manual pages
458.It Sy me/
459macros for use with the
460.Xr me 7
461macro package
462.It Sy misc/
463miscellaneous system-wide text files
464.Pp
465.Bl -tag -width "termcap" -compact
466.It Sy termcap
467terminal characteristics database;
468see
469.Xr termcap 5
470.El
471.Pp
472.It Sy mk/
473include files for
474.Xr make 1
475.It Sy ms/
476macros for use with the
477.Xr ms 7
478macro package
479.It Sy skel/
480sample initialization files for new user accounts
481.It Sy tabset/
482tab description files for a variety of terminals, used in
483the termcap file;
484see
485.Xr termcap 5
486.It Sy tmac/
487text processing macros;
488see
489.Xr nroff 1
490and
491.Xr troff 1
492.It Sy zoneinfo/
493timezone configuration information;
494see
495.Xr tzfile 5
496.El
497.Pp
498.El
499.Pp
500.It Sy /usr/src/
501.Bx 4
502and local source files
503.Pp
504.Bl -tag -width "domestic/" -compact
505.It Sy bin/
506source for utilities/files in
507.Pa /bin
508.It Sy contrib/
509source for utilities/files in
510.Pa /usr/contrib
511.It Sy distrib/
512tools and data-files for making distributions
513.It Sy domestic/
514source covered by US ITAR export restrictions
515.It Sy etc/
516source (usually example files) for files in
517.Pa /etc
518.It Sy games/
519source for utilities/files in
520.Pa /usr/games
521.It Sy include/
522source for files in
523.Pa /usr/include
524.It Sy lib/
525source for libraries in
526.Pa /usr/lib
527.It Sy libexec/
528source for utilities/files in
529.Pa /usr/libexec
530.It Sy sbin/
531source for utilities/files in
532.Pa /sbin
533.It Sy share/
534source for files in
535.Pa /usr/share
536.Pp
537.Bl -tag -width "doc/" -compact
538.It Sy doc/
539.Pp
540.Bl -tag -width "papers/" -compact
541.It Sy papers/
542source for various Berkeley technical papers
543.It Sy psd/
544source for Programmer's Supplementary Documents
545.It Sy smm/
546source for System Manager's Manual
547.It Sy usd/
548source for User's Supplementary Documents
549.Pp
550.El
551.El
552.It Sy sys/
553kernel source files
554.Pp
555.Bl -tag -width "gdbscripts/" -compact
556.It Sy adosfs/
557AmigaDOS file-system support; see
558.Xr mount_ados 8
559.It Sy arch/
560.Pp
561.Bl -tag -width "powerpc/" -compact
562.It Sy alpha/
563support for the Digital Equipment Corp. Alpha architecture
564.It Sy amiga/
565support for the Amiga architecture
566.It Sy arm32/
567support for the ARM32 architecture
568.It Sy atari/
569support for the Atari architecture
570.It Sy bebox/
571support for the Be Inc. BeBox architecture
572.It Sy hp300/
573support for the Hewlett-Packard 9000/300 68000-based workstations
574.It Sy i386/
575support for the Intel 386/486/Pentium/etc. workstations
576.It Sy m68k/
577general support for the 68000 processor
578.It Sy mac68k/
579support for the Apple Computer 68000-based workstations
580.It Sy mips/
581general support for MIPS architectures
582.It Sy mvme68k/
583support for the VME 68000-based cards
584.It Sy pc532/
585support for the pc532 architecture
586.It Sy pica/
587support for the Acer PICA architecture
588.It Sy pmax/
589DECstation 3100 and 5000 MIPS-based workstations
590.It Sy powerpc/
591support for the PowerPC architecture
592.It Sy sparc/
593support for the Sun Microsystems SPARC architecture
594.It Sy sun3/
595support for the Sun Microsystems 68000-based architecture
596.It Sy sun3x/
597more support for the Sun Microsystems 68000-based architecture
598.It Sy vax/
599Digital Equipment Corp. VAX architecture
600.It Sy x68k/
601support for the x68k architecture
602.El
603.Pp
604.It Sy compat/
605kernel compatibility modules directory
606.Pp
607.Bl -tag -width "ossaudio/" -compact
608.It Sy common/
609common compatibility routines, old
610.Bx 4
611and
612.Nx
613routines.
614.It Sy freebsd/
615support for FreeBSD binaries; see
616.Xr compat_freebsd 8
617.It Sy hpux/
618support for 68000 HP-UX binaries
619.It Sy ibcs2/
620support for Intel Binary binaries
621.It Sy linux/
622support for Linux binaries; see
623.Xr compat_linux 8
624.It Sy m68k4k/
625support for 4Kb page 68000 binaries
626.It Sy osf1/
627support for Digital UNIX (formerly OSF/1) binaries
628.It Sy ossaudio/
629support for OSS audio
630.It Sy sunos/
631support for SunOS 4.x binaries; see
632.Xr compat_sunos 8
633.It Sy svr4/
634support for System V Release 4 binaries; see
635.Xr compat_svr4 8
636.It Sy ultrix/
637support for Ultrix binaries
638.El
639.Pp
640.It Sy conf/
641architecture independent configuration directory
642.It Sy ddb/
643in kernel debugger
644.It Sy dev/
645architecture independent device support
646.It Sy gdbscripts/
647support for accessing kernel structures from within the debugger
648.Xr gdb 1 .
649.It Sy ipkdb/
650support for kernel debugging over the network
651.It Sy isofs/
652support for ISO filesystems
653.Pp
654.Bl -tag -width "cd9660/" -compact
655.It Sy cd9660/
656support for the ISO-9660 filesystem; see
657.Xr mount_cd9660 8
658.El
659.Pp
660.It Sy kern/
661support for the high kernel (system calls)
662.It Sy lib/
663kernel libraries
664.Pp
665.Bl -tag -width "libkern/" -compact
666.It Sy libkern/
667C library routines used in the kernel
668.It Sy libsa/
669machine independant stand alone kernel library
670.It Sy libz/
671compression library
672.El
673.Pp
674.It Sy lkm/
675loadable kernel modules
676.Pp
677.Bl -tag -width "netinet/" -compact
678.It Sy compat/
679LKM support compatibility modules;  currently unsupported.
680.It Sy netinet/
681LKM support networking modules
682.Pp
683.Bl -tag -width "if_ipl/" -compact
684.It Sy if_ipl/
685LKM for IP-Filter
686.El
687.Pp
688.It Sy vfs/
689LKM support for file systems.
690.El
691.Pp
692.It Sy miscfs/
693miscellaneous file systems
694.Pp
695.Bl -tag -width "deadfs/" -compact
696.It Sy deadfs/
697kernel only dead file system
698.It Sy fdesc/
699file descriptor file system; see
700.Xr mount_fdesc 8
701.It Sy fifofs/
702POSIX FIFO support
703.It Sy genfs/
704kernel only generic file system
705.It Sy kernfs/
706kernel namespace file system; see
707.Xr mount_kernfs 8
708.It Sy nullfs/
709loop back file system; see
710.Xr mount_null 8
711.It Sy portal/
712portal file system; see
713.Xr mount_portal 8
714.It Sy procfs/
715process file system; see
716.Xr mount_procfs 8
717.It Sy specfs/
718kernel only special file system
719.It Sy umapfs/
720user and group re-mapping file system; see
721.Xr mount_umap 8
722.It Sy union/
723union file system; see
724.Xr mount_union 8
725.El
726.Pp
727.It Sy msdosfs/
728MS-DOS file system; see
729.Xr mount_msdos 8
730.It Sy net/
731miscellaneous networking support
732.It Sy netccitt/
733CCITT networking support
734.It Sy netinet/
735TCP/IP networking support
736.It Sy netiso/
737ISO networking support
738.It Sy netnatm/
739ATM networking support
740.It Sy netns/
741XNS networking support
742.It Sy nfs/
743NFS support
744.It Sy stand/
745kernel standalone support
746.It Sy sys/
747kernel (and system) include files
748.It Sy ufs/
749local filesystem support
750.Pp
751.Bl -tag -width "ffs/" -compact
752.It Sy ffs/
753the Berkeley Fast File System
754.It Sy lfs/
755the log-structured file system
756.It Sy mfs/
757the in-memory file system
758.It Sy ufs/
759shared UNIX file system support
760.El
761.It Sy vm/
762virtual memory support
763.El
764.It Sy usr.bin/
765source for utilities/files in
766.Pa /usr/bin
767.It Sy usr.sbin/
768source for utilities/files in
769.Pa /usr/sbin
770.El
771.It Sy /var/
772multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
773.Pp
774.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
775.It Sy account/
776system accounting files
777.Pp
778.Bl -tag -width "acct" -compact
779.It Sy acct
780execution accounting file;
781see
782.Xr acct 5
783.El
784.Pp
785.It Sy at/
786timed command scheduling files;
787see
788.Xr \&at 1
789.It Sy backups/
790miscellaneous backup files, largely of files found in
791.Pa /etc
792.It Sy crash/
793system crash dumps; see
794.Xr savecore 8
795.It Sy db/
796miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
797.It Sy games/
798miscellaneous game status and log files
799.It Sy log/
800miscellaneous system log files
801.Pp
802.Bl -tag -width "monthly.out" -compact
803.It Sy amd.*
804.Xr amd 8
805logs
806.It Sy daily.out
807output of the last run of the
808.Pa /etc/daily
809script
810.It Sy ftp.*
811.Xr ftp 1
812logs
813.It Sy kerberos.*
814.Xr kerberos 1
815logs
816.It Sy lastlog
817system last time logged in log; see
818.Xr utmp 5
819.It Sy lpd-errs.*
820printer daemon error logs; see
821.Xr lpd 8
822.It Sy maillog.*
823.Xr sendmail 8
824log files
825.It Sy messages.*
826general system information log
827.It Sy monthly.out
828output of the last run of the
829.Pa /etc/monthly
830script
831.It Sy secure
832sensitive security information log
833.It Sy sendmail.st
834.Xr sendmail 8
835statistics
836.It Sy timed.*
837.Xr timed 8
838logs
839.It Sy weekly.out
840output of the last run of the
841.Pa /etc/weekly
842script
843.It Sy wtmp
844login/logout log;
845see
846.Xr utmp 5
847.El
848.Pp
849.It Sy mail/
850user system mailboxes
851.It Sy msgs/
852system messages; see
853.Xr msgs 1
854.It Sy preserve/
855temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of
856.Xr ex 1
857or
858.Xr vi 1
859.It Sy quotas/
860filesystem quota information
861.It Sy run/
862system information files, rebuilt after each reboot
863.Pp
864.Bl -tag -width "utmp" -compact
865.It Sy utmp
866database of current users; see
867.Xr utmp 5
868.El
869.Pp
870.It Sy rwho/
871rwho data files; see
872.Xr rwhod 8 ,
873.Xr rwho 1 ,
874and
875.Xr ruptime 1
876.It Sy spool/
877miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
878.Pp
879.Bl -tag -width "uucppublic/" -compact
880.It Sy ftp/
881commonly
882.Dq ~ftp ,
883the anonymous ftp root directory; see
884.Xr ftpd 8
885.It Sy mqueue/
886undelivered mail queue;
887see
888.Xr sendmail 8
889.It Sy news/
890Network news archival and spooling directories
891.It Sy output/
892printer spooling directories
893.It Sy secretmail/
894secretmail spool directory;
895see
896.Xr xget 1
897.It Sy uucp/
898uucp spool directory
899.It Sy uucppublic/
900commonly
901.Dq ~uucp ,
902the uucp public temporary directory; see
903.Xr uucp 1
904.El
905.Pp
906.It Sy tmp/
907temporary files that are not discarded between system reboots
908.Pp
909.Bl -tag -width "vi.recover/" -compact
910.It Sy vi.recover/
911recovery directory for
912.Xr nvi 1
913.El
914.El
915.El
916.Sh SEE ALSO
917.Xr apropos 1 ,
918.Xr \&ls 1 ,
919.Xr whatis 1 ,
920.Xr whereis 1 ,
921.Xr which 1 ,
922.Sh HISTORY
923A
924.Nm hier
925manual page appeared in
926.At v7 .
927