1.\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" from: @(#)hier.7 6.3 (Berkeley) 7/23/91 33.\" $Id: hier.7,v 1.4 1993/08/01 07:35:04 mycroft Exp $ 34.\" 35.Dd July 23, 1991 36.Dt HIER 7 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm hier 40.Nd layout of filesystems 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy. 43.Bl -tag -width "/stand/" 44.It Li / 45root directory of the filesystem 46.It Li /bin/ 47user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 48.It Li /dev/ 49block and character device files 50.Pp 51.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact 52.It Li MAKEDEV 53script for creating device files; 54see 55.Xr makedev 8 56.It Li fd/ 57file descriptor files; 58see 59.Xr \&fd 4 60.El 61.It Li /etc/ 62system configuration files and scripts 63.Pp 64.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact 65.It Li localtime 66local timezone information; 67see 68.Xr ctime 3 69.It Li disklabels/ 70backup disklabels; 71see 72.Xr disklabel 8 73.It Li kerberosIV/ 74configuration files for the kerberos version IV; 75see 76.Xr kerberos 1 77.It Li mtree/ 78mtree configuration files; 79see 80.Xr mtree 1 81.It Li namedb/ 82named configuration files; 83see 84.Xr named 8 85.El 86.It Li /mnt/ 87empty directory commonly used by 88system administrators as a temporary mount point 89.It Li /netbsd 90pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory 91at boot time). 92.It Li /sbin/ 93system programs and administration utilities 94fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments 95.It Li /stand/ 96programs used in a standalone environment 97.It Li /tmp/ 98temporary files, usually a 99.Xr mfs 8 100memory-based filesystem (the contents 101of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot) 102.It Li /usr/ 103contains the majority of user utilities and applications 104.Pp 105.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact 106.It Li bin/ 107common utilities, programming tools, and applications 108.It Li contrib/ 109large packages contributed to Berkeley by outside parties 110.It Li games/ 111useful and semi-frivolous programs 112.It Li include/ 113standard C include files 114.Pp 115.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 116.It Li X11/ 117C include files for X11 window system 118.It Li arpa/ 119C include files for Internet service protocols 120.It Li kerberosIV/ 121C include files for kerberos authentication package; 122see 123.Xr kerberos 1 124.It Li machine/ 125machine specific C include files 126.It Li net/ 127misc network C include files 128.It Li netimp/ 129C include files for IMP protocols; 130see 131.Xr imp 4 132.It Li netinet/ 133C include files for Internet standard protocols; 134see 135.Xr inet 4 136.It Li netiso/ 137C include files for ISO standard protocols; 138see 139.Xr iso 4 140.It Li netns/ 141C include files for XNS standard protocols; 142see 143.Xr \&ns 4 144.It Li nfs/ 145C include files for NFS (Network File System) 146.It Li pascal/ 147include files for pc 1 148.It Li protocols/ 149C include files for Berkeley service protocols 150.It Li sys/ 151system C include files (kernel data structures) 152.It Li ufs/ 153C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) 154.El 155.Pp 156.It Li lib/ 157archive libraries 158.Pp 159.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 160.It Li uucp/ 161UUCP configuration files (historically placed; to be moved) 162.El 163.It Li libdata/ 164misc. utility data files 165.It Li libexec/ 166system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) 167.It Li local/ 168local executables, libraries, etc. 169.It Li obj/ 170architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree 171.It Li old/ 172programs from past lives of BSD which may disappear in future 173releases 174.It Li sbin/ 175system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) 176.It Li share/ 177architecture-independent ascii text files 178.Pp 179.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact 180.It Li calendar/ 181a variety of pre-fab calendar files; 182see 183.Xr calendar 1 184.It Li dict/ 185word lists; 186see 187.Xr look 1 188.Pp 189.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 190.It Li words 191common words 192.It Li web2 193words from Webster's 2nd International 194.It Li papers/ 195reference databases; 196see 197.Xr refer 1 198.It Li special/ 199custom word lists; 200see 201.Xr spell 1 202.El 203.Pp 204.It Li doc/ 205misc documentation; 206src for most of the printed 207.Bx BSD 208manuals (available 209from the 210.Tn USENIX 211association) 212.It Li games/ 213ascii text files used by various games 214.It Li man/ 215manual pages 216.It Li me/ 217macros for use with the me macro package 218.It Li misc/ 219misc system-wide ascii text files 220.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 221.It Li termcap 222terminal characteristics database; 223see 224.Xr termcap 5 225.El 226.It Li mk/ 227templates for make; 228see 229.Xr make 1 230.It Li ms/ 231macros for use with the ms macro package 232.It Li skel/ 233example . (dot) files for new accounts 234.It Li tabset/ 235tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 236the termcap file; 237see 238.Xr termcap 5 239.It Li tmac/ 240text processing macros; 241see 242.Xr nroff 1 243and 244.Xr troff 1 245.It Li zoneinfo/ 246timezone configuration information; 247see 248.Xr tzfile 5 249.El 250.Pp 251.It Li src/ 252BSD and/or local source files 253.Pp 254.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact 255.It Li bin/ 256src for files in /bin 257.It Li contrib/ 258src for files in /usr/contrib 259.It Li etc/ 260src for files in /etc 261.It Li games/ 262src for files in /usr/games 263.It Li include/ 264src for files in /usr/include 265.It Li kerberosIV/ 266src for kerberos version IV 267.It Li lib/ 268src for files in /usr/lib 269.It Li libexec/ 270src for files in /usr/libexec 271.It Li local/ 272src for files in /usr/local 273.It Li old/ 274src for files in /usr/old 275.It Li pgrm/ 276src for programming tools in /usr/bin 277.It Li sbin/ 278src for files in /sbin 279.It Li share/ 280src for files in /usr/share 281.It Li sys/ 282kernel src files 283.It Li usr.bin/ 284src for files in /usr/bin 285.It Li usr.sbin/ 286src for files in /usr/sbin 287.El 288.El 289.It Li /var/ 290multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files 291.Pp 292.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact 293.It Li account/ 294system accounting files 295.Pp 296.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 297.It Li acct 298execution accounting file; 299see 300.Xr acct 5 301.El 302.Pp 303.It Li at/ 304timed command scheduling files; 305see 306.Xr \&at 1 307.It Li backups/ 308misc. backup files 309.It Li db/ 310misc. automatically generated system-specific database files 311.It Li games/ 312misc. game status and log files 313.It Li log/ 314misc. system log files 315.Pp 316.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 317.It Li wtmp 318login/logout log; 319see 320.Xr wtmp 5 321.El 322.Pp 323.It Li mail/ 324user mailbox files 325.It Li preserve/ 326temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death 327of an editor; 328see 329.Xr \&ex 1 330.It Li quotas/ 331filesystem quota information files 332.It Li run/ 333system information files describing various info about 334system since it was booted 335.Pp 336.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 337.It Li utmp 338database of current users; 339see 340.Xr utmp 5 341.El 342.Pp 343.It Li rwho/ 344rwho data files; 345see 346.Xr rwhod 8 , 347.Xr rwho 1 , 348and 349.Xr ruptime 1 350.It Li spool/ 351misc. printer and mail system spooling directories 352.Pp 353.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact 354.It Li ftp/ 355commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory 356.It Li mqueue/ 357undelivered mail queue; 358see 359.Xr sendmail 8 360.It Li output/ 361line printer spooling directories 362.It Li secretmail/ 363secretmail spool directory; 364see 365.Xr xget 1 366.It Li uucp/ 367uucp spool directory 368.It Li uucppublic/ 369commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory 370.El 371.Pp 372.It Li tmp/ 373temporary files that are kept between system reboots 374.El 375.El 376.Sh SEE ALSO 377.Xr \&ls 1 , 378.Xr apropos 1 , 379.Xr whatis 1 , 380.Xr whereis 1 , 381.Xr finger 1 , 382.Xr which 1 , 383.Xr find 1 , 384.Xr grep 1 , 385.Xr fsck 8 386.Sh HISTORY 387A 388.Nm hier 389manual page appeared in 390.At v7 . 391