1.\" $NetBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.14 2014/07/25 15:07:03 nonaka Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.15 2011/11/26 06:39:33 ckuethe Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd July 25, 2014 19.Dt URTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm urtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 30RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU, and RTL8192CU chipsets. 31.Pp 32The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that 33combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 34They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. 35The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 36The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 37to the USB interface. 38.Pp 39The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 40802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 41RF in a single chip. 42It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 43.Pp 44These are the modes the 45.Nm 46driver can operate in: 47.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 48.It BSS mode 49Also known as 50.Em infrastructure 51mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 52which all traffic passes. 53This mode is the default. 54.It IBSS mode 55Also known as 56.Em IEEE ad-hoc 57mode or 58.Em peer-to-peer 59mode. 60This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 61Stations associate with a service set. 62However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 63.It Host AP 64In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) 65for other cards. 66.It monitor mode 67In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 68associating with an access point. 69This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 70capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 71or to scan for access points. 72.El 73.Pp 74The 75.Nm 76driver can be configured to use 77Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 78Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 79WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 80It is strongly recommended that WEP 81not be used as the sole mechanism 82to secure wireless communication, 83due to serious weaknesses in it. 84.Pp 85The 86.Nm 87driver can be configured at runtime with 88.Xr ifconfig 8 89or on boot with 90.Xr ifconfig.if 5 . 91.Sh FILES 92The driver needs the following firmware files, 93which are loaded when an interface is attached: 94.Pp 95.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 96.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8188eufw.bin 97.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin 98.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin 99.El 100.Sh HARDWARE 101The following adapters should work: 102.Pp 103.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 104.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 105.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 106.It ASUSTeK USB-N10 NANO 107.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 108.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 109.It D-Link DWA-121 110.It D-Link DWA-133 111.It D-Link DWA-135 112.It Digitus DN-7042 113.It Edimax EW-7811Un 114.It EDUP EP-N8508 115.It ELECOM WDC-150SU2M 116.It Full River FR-W100NUL 117.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 118.It Netgear WNA1000A 119.It Planex GW-USEco300 120.It Planex GW-USNano2 121.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 122.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 123.It POWCHIP POW-N18 124.It Sitecom N300 USB (WLA-2102 v1) 125.It Sitecom WL-365 126.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 127.It TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3 128.It TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2 129.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 130.El 131.Sh EXAMPLES 132The following 133.Xr ifconfig.if 5 134example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 135using WEP key 136.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 137channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 138.Bd -literal -offset indent 139nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 140dhcp 141.Ed 142.Pp 143Join an existing BSS network, 144.Dq my_net : 145.Bd -literal -offset indent 146# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 147.Ed 148.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 149.Bl -diag 150.It "urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 151For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 152filesystem. 153The file might be missing or corrupted. 154.It "urtwn%d: device timeout" 155A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 156The driver will reset the hardware. 157This should not happen. 158.El 159.Sh SEE ALSO 160.Xr arp 4 , 161.Xr netintro 4 , 162.Xr usb 4 , 163.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 164.Xr wpa_supplicant.conf 5 , 165.Xr ifconfig 8 , 166.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 167.Sh HISTORY 168The 169.Nm 170device driver first appeared in 171.Ox 4.9 172and in 173.Nx 6.0 . 174.Sh AUTHORS 175.An -nosplit 176The 177.Nm 178driver was written by 179.An Damien Bergamini 180.Aq damien@openbsd.org 181for 182.Ox 183and ported to 184.Nx 185by 186.An NONAKA Kimihiro 187.Aq nonaka@NetBSD.org . 188.Sh CAVEATS 189The 190.Nm 191driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 192adapters. 193Additional work is required in 194.Xr ieee80211 9 195before those features can be supported. 196