1.\" $NetBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.10 2014/02/14 07:29:06 wiz Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.15 2011/11/26 06:39:33 ckuethe Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd February 13, 2014 19.Dt URTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm urtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 30RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188RU, and RTL8192CU chipsets. 31.Pp 32The RTL8188CUS is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines 33a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 34It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 35The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 36The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 37to the USB interface. 38.Pp 39The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 40802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 41RF in a single chip. 42It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 43.Pp 44These are the modes the 45.Nm 46driver can operate in: 47.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 48.It BSS mode 49Also known as 50.Em infrastructure 51mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 52which all traffic passes. 53This mode is the default. 54.It IBSS mode 55Also known as 56.Em IEEE ad-hoc 57mode or 58.Em peer-to-peer 59mode. 60This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 61Stations associate with a service set. 62However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 63.It Host AP 64In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) 65for other cards. 66.It monitor mode 67In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 68associating with an access point. 69This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 70capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 71or to scan for access points. 72.El 73.Pp 74The 75.Nm 76driver can be configured to use 77Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 78Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 79WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 80It is strongly recommended that WEP 81not be used as the sole mechanism 82to secure wireless communication, 83due to serious weaknesses in it. 84.Pp 85The 86.Nm 87driver can be configured at runtime with 88.Xr ifconfig 8 89or on boot with 90.Xr ifconfig.if 5 . 91.Sh FILES 92The driver needs the following firmware files, 93which are loaded when an interface is attached: 94.Pp 95.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 96.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin 97.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin 98.El 99.Sh HARDWARE 100The following adapters should work: 101.Pp 102.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 103.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 104.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 105.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 106.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 107.It D-Link DWA-121 108.It D-Link DWA-133 109.It D-Link DWA-135 110.It Digitus DN-7042 111.It Edimax EW-7811Un 112.It EDUP EP-N8508 113.It Full River FR-W100NUL 114.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 115.It Netgear WNA1000A 116.It Planex GW-USEco300 117.It Planex GW-USNano2 118.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 119.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 120.It POWCHIP POW-N18 121.It Sitecom N300 USB (WLA-2102 v1) 122.It Sitecom WL-365 123.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 124.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 125.El 126.Sh EXAMPLES 127The following 128.Xr ifconfig.if 5 129example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 130using WEP key 131.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 132channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 133.Bd -literal -offset indent 134nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 135dhcp 136.Ed 137.Pp 138Join an existing BSS network, 139.Dq my_net : 140.Bd -literal -offset indent 141# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 142.Ed 143.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 144.Bl -diag 145.It "urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 146For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 147filesystem. 148The file might be missing or corrupted. 149.It "urtwn%d: device timeout" 150A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 151The driver will reset the hardware. 152This should not happen. 153.El 154.Sh SEE ALSO 155.Xr arp 4 , 156.Xr netintro 4 , 157.Xr usb 4 , 158.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 159.Xr wpa_supplicant.conf 5 , 160.Xr ifconfig 8 , 161.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 162.Sh HISTORY 163The 164.Nm 165device driver first appeared in 166.Ox 4.9 167and in 168.Nx 6.0 . 169.Sh AUTHORS 170.An -nosplit 171The 172.Nm 173driver was written by 174.An Damien Bergamini 175.Aq damien@openbsd.org 176for 177.Ox 178and ported to 179.Nx 180by 181.An NONAKA Kimihiro 182.Aq nonaka@NetBSD.org . 183.Sh CAVEATS 184The 185.Nm 186driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 187adapters. 188Additional work is required in 189.Xr ieee80211 9 190before those features can be supported. 191