1.\" $NetBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.2 2012/03/25 08:45:02 wiz Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.15 2011/11/26 06:39:33 ckuethe Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd March 25, 2012 19.Dt URTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm urtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 30RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188RU, and RTL8192CU chipsets. 31.Pp 32The RTL8188CUS is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines 33a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 34It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 35The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 36The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 37to the USB interface. 38.Pp 39The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 40802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 41RF in a single chip. 42It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 43.Pp 44These are the modes the 45.Nm 46driver can operate in: 47.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 48.It BSS mode 49Also known as 50.Em infrastructure 51mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 52which all traffic passes. 53This mode is the default. 54.It monitor mode 55In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 56associating with an access point. 57This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 58capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 59or to scan for access points. 60.El 61.Pp 62The 63.Nm 64driver can be configured to use 65Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 66Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 67WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 68It is strongly recommended that WEP 69not be used as the sole mechanism 70to secure wireless communication, 71due to serious weaknesses in it. 72.Pp 73The 74.Nm 75driver can be configured at runtime with 76.Xr ifconfig 8 77or on boot with 78.Xr ifconfig.if 5 . 79.Sh FILES 80The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, 81which are loaded when an interface is attached: 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 84.It /libdata/firmware/urtwn/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT 85.It /libdata/firmware/urtwn/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU 86.It /libdata/firmware/urtwn/urtwn-rtl8723fw 87.El 88.Pp 89A prepackaged version of the firmware, designed to be used with 90.Xr pkg_add 1 , 91can be found at: 92.Bd -literal -offset 3n 93http://firmware.openbsd.org/firmware/urtwn-firmware-1.1p0.tgz 94.Ed 95.Sh HARDWARE 96The following adapters should work: 97.Pp 98.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 99.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 100.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 101.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 102.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 103.It D-Link DWA-121 104.It D-Link DWA-133 105.It D-Link DWA-135 106.It Digitus DN-7042 107.It Edimax EW-7811Un 108.It EDUP EP-N8508 109.It Full River FR-W100NUL 110.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 111.It Netgear WNA1000A 112.It Planex GW-USEco300 113.It Planex GW-USNano2 114.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 115.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 116.It POWCHIP POW-N18 117.It Sitecom WL-365 118.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 119.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 120.El 121.Sh EXAMPLES 122The following 123.Xr ifconfig.if 5 124example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 125using WEP key 126.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 127channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 128.Bd -literal -offset indent 129nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 130dhcp 131.Ed 132.Pp 133Configure urtwn0 to join network 134.Dq my_net 135using WPA with passphrase 136.Dq my_passphrase : 137.Bd -literal -offset indent 138# ifconfig urtwn0 nwid my_net wpakey my_passphrase 139.Ed 140.Pp 141Join an existing BSS network, 142.Dq my_net : 143.Bd -literal -offset indent 144# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 145.Ed 146.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 147.Bl -diag 148.It "urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 149For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 150filesystem. 151The file might be missing or corrupted. 152.It "urtwn%d: device timeout" 153A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 154The driver will reset the hardware. 155This should not happen. 156.El 157.Sh SEE ALSO 158.Xr arp 4 , 159.Xr netintro 4 , 160.Xr usb 4 , 161.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 162.Xr wpa_supplicant.conf 5 , 163.Xr ifconfig 8 , 164.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 165.Sh HISTORY 166The 167.Nm 168device driver first appeared in 169.Ox 4.9 170and in 171.Nx 7.0 . 172.Sh AUTHORS 173The 174.Nm 175driver was written by 176.An Damien Bergamini 177.Aq damien@openbsd.org 178for 179.Ox 180and ported to 181.Nx 182by 183.An NONAKA Kimihiro 184.Aq nonaka@NetBSD.org . 185.Sh CAVEATS 186The 187.Nm 188driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 189adapters. 190Additional work is required in 191.Xr ieee80211 9 192before those features can be supported. 193