1.\" $NetBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.17 2018/12/20 15:19:31 tih Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.15 2011/11/26 06:39:33 ckuethe Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd December 17, 2018 19.Dt URTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm urtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU/RTL8192EU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 30RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU, RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU 31chipsets. 32.Pp 33The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that 34combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 35They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. 36The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 37The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 38to the USB interface. 39.Pp 40The RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU are highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out 41(MIMO) 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 42RF in a single chip. 43It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 44.Pp 45These are the modes the 46.Nm 47driver can operate in: 48.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 49.It BSS mode 50Also known as 51.Em infrastructure 52mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 53which all traffic passes. 54This mode is the default. 55.It IBSS mode 56Also known as 57.Em IEEE ad-hoc 58mode or 59.Em peer-to-peer 60mode. 61This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 62Stations associate with a service set. 63However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 64.It Host AP 65In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) 66for other cards. 67.It monitor mode 68In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 69associating with an access point. 70This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 71capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 72or to scan for access points. 73.El 74.Pp 75The 76.Nm 77driver can be configured to use 78Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 79Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 80WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 81It is strongly recommended that WEP 82not be used as the sole mechanism 83to secure wireless communication, 84due to serious weaknesses in it. 85.Pp 86The 87.Nm 88driver can be configured at runtime with 89.Xr ifconfig 8 90or on boot with 91.Xr ifconfig.if 5 . 92.Sh FILES 93The driver needs the following firmware files, 94which are loaded when an interface is attached: 95.Pp 96.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 97.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8188eufw.bin 98.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin 99.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin 100.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192efw.bin 101.El 102.Sh HARDWARE 103The following adapters should work: 104.Pp 105.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 106.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 107.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 108.It ASUSTeK USB-N10 NANO 109.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 110.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 111.It D-Link DWA-121 112.It D-Link DWA-131 113.It D-Link DWA-133 114.It D-Link DWA-135 115.It Digitus DN-7042 116.It Edimax EW-7811Un 117.It EDUP EP-N8508 118.It ELECOM WDC-150SU2M 119.It Full River FR-W100NUL 120.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 121.It IO-DATA WN-G150UMW 122.It Netgear WNA1000A 123.It Planex GW-USEco300 124.It Planex GW-USNano2 125.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 126.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 127.It POWCHIP POW-N18 128.It Sitecom N300 USB (WLA-2102 v1) 129.It Sitecom WL-365 130.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 131.It TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3 132.It TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2 133.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 134.El 135.Sh EXAMPLES 136The following 137.Xr ifconfig.if 5 138example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 139using WEP key 140.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 141channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 142.Bd -literal -offset indent 143nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 144dhcp 145.Ed 146.Pp 147Join an existing BSS network, 148.Dq my_net : 149.Bd -literal -offset indent 150# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 151.Ed 152.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 153.Bl -diag 154.It "urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 155For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 156filesystem. 157The file might be missing or corrupted. 158.It "urtwn%d: device timeout" 159A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 160The driver will reset the hardware. 161This should not happen. 162.El 163.Sh SEE ALSO 164.Xr arp 4 , 165.Xr netintro 4 , 166.Xr usb 4 , 167.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 168.Xr wpa_supplicant.conf 5 , 169.Xr ifconfig 8 , 170.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 171.Sh HISTORY 172The 173.Nm 174device driver first appeared in 175.Ox 4.9 176and in 177.Nx 6.0 . 178.Sh AUTHORS 179.An -nosplit 180The 181.Nm 182driver was written by 183.An Damien Bergamini 184.Aq damien@openbsd.org 185for 186.Ox 187and ported to 188.Nx 189by 190.An NONAKA Kimihiro 191.Aq nonaka@NetBSD.org . 192.Sh CAVEATS 193The 194.Nm 195driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 196adapters. 197Additional work is required in 198.Xr ieee80211 9 199before those features can be supported. 200