1.\" $NetBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.8 2013/08/10 21:32:07 jnemeth Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.15 2011/11/26 06:39:33 ckuethe Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 5.\" 6.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 7.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 8.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 9.\" 10.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 11.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 12.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 13.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 14.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 15.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 16.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 17.\" 18.Dd August 10, 2013 19.Dt URTWN 4 20.Os 21.Sh NAME 22.Nm urtwn 23.Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device 24.Sh SYNOPSIS 25.Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" 26.Sh DESCRIPTION 27The 28.Nm 29driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek 30RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188RU, and RTL8192CU chipsets. 31.Pp 32The RTL8188CUS is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines 33a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. 34It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 35The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. 36The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches 37to the USB interface. 38.Pp 39The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 40802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an 41RF in a single chip. 42It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only. 43.Pp 44These are the modes the 45.Nm 46driver can operate in: 47.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 48.It BSS mode 49Also known as 50.Em infrastructure 51mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 52which all traffic passes. 53This mode is the default. 54.It monitor mode 55In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 56associating with an access point. 57This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 58capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 59or to scan for access points. 60.El 61.Pp 62The 63.Nm 64driver can be configured to use 65Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or 66Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). 67WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. 68It is strongly recommended that WEP 69not be used as the sole mechanism 70to secure wireless communication, 71due to serious weaknesses in it. 72.Pp 73The 74.Nm 75driver can be configured at runtime with 76.Xr ifconfig 8 77or on boot with 78.Xr ifconfig.if 5 . 79.Sh FILES 80The driver needs the following firmware files, 81which are loaded when an interface is attached: 82.Pp 83.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 84.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin 85.It /libdata/firmware/if_urtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin 86.El 87.Sh HARDWARE 88The following adapters should work: 89.Pp 90.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact 91.It Airlink101 AWLL5088 92.It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S 93.It B-Link BL-LW05-5R 94.It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro 95.It D-Link DWA-121 96.It D-Link DWA-133 97.It D-Link DWA-135 98.It Digitus DN-7042 99.It Edimax EW-7811Un 100.It EDUP EP-N8508 101.It Full River FR-W100NUL 102.It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 103.It Netgear WNA1000A 104.It Planex GW-USEco300 105.It Planex GW-USNano2 106.It Planex GW-USValue-EZ 107.It Planex GW-USWExtreme 108.It POWCHIP POW-N18 109.It Sitecom N300 USB (WLA-2102 v1) 110.It Sitecom WL-365 111.It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N 112.It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM 113.El 114.Sh EXAMPLES 115The following 116.Xr ifconfig.if 5 117example configures urtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, 118using WEP key 119.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , 120channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: 121.Bd -literal -offset indent 122nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 123dhcp 124.Ed 125.Pp 126Join an existing BSS network, 127.Dq my_net : 128.Bd -literal -offset indent 129# ifconfig urtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net 130.Ed 131.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 132.Bl -diag 133.It "urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s" 134For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the 135filesystem. 136The file might be missing or corrupted. 137.It "urtwn%d: device timeout" 138A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 139The driver will reset the hardware. 140This should not happen. 141.El 142.Sh SEE ALSO 143.Xr arp 4 , 144.Xr netintro 4 , 145.Xr usb 4 , 146.Xr ifconfig.if 5 , 147.Xr wpa_supplicant.conf 5 , 148.Xr ifconfig 8 , 149.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 150.Sh HISTORY 151The 152.Nm 153device driver first appeared in 154.Ox 4.9 155and in 156.Nx 6.0 . 157.Sh AUTHORS 158.An -nosplit 159The 160.Nm 161driver was written by 162.An Damien Bergamini 163.Aq damien@openbsd.org 164for 165.Ox 166and ported to 167.Nx 168by 169.An NONAKA Kimihiro 170.Aq nonaka@NetBSD.org . 171.Sh CAVEATS 172The 173.Nm 174driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the 175adapters. 176Additional work is required in 177.Xr ieee80211 9 178before those features can be supported. 179