1.\" $NetBSD: ral.4,v 1.2 2005/07/14 12:54:23 wiz Exp $ 2.\" $OpenBSD: ral.4,v 1.37 2005/07/07 15:01:11 jsg Exp $ 3.\" 4.\" Copyright (c) 2005 5.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 6.\" 7.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 8.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 9.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 10.\" 11.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 12.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 13.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 14.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 15.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 16.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 17.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 18.\" 19.Dd February 15, 2005 20.Os 21.Dt RAL 4 22.Sh NAME 23.Nm ral 24.Nd Ralink Technology RT25x0 IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network driver 25.Sh SYNOPSIS 26.Cd "ral* at cardbus?" 27.Cd "ral* at pci?" 28.Cd "ral* at uhub? port ?" 29.Sh DESCRIPTION 30The 31.Nm 32driver supports PCI/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500 33chipset 34and USB 2.0 wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500USB 35chipset. 36.Pp 37The RT2500 chipset consists of two integrated chips, a RT2560 or RT2570 MAC/BBP 38and a radio transceiver (the model of which depends on the card revision). 39.Pp 40The RT2522, RT2523, RT2524, RT2525, RT2525e and RT2526 radio transceivers 41operate in the 2.4GHz band (802.11b/g) whereas the RT5222 is a dual-band radio 42transceiver that can operate in the 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz bands (802.11a). 43.Pp 44The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the 45driver depending on the received-signal strength. 46See 47.Xr rssadapt 9 48for more information. 49.Pp 50These are the modes the 51.Nm 52driver can operate in: 53.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" 54.It BSS mode 55Also known as 56.Em infrastructure 57mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through 58which all traffic passes. 59This mode is the default. 60.It IBSS mode 61Also known as 62.Em IEEE ad-hoc 63mode or 64.Em peer-to-peer 65mode. 66This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. 67Stations associate with a service set. 68However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer. 69.It Host AP 70In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) 71for other cards. 72.It monitor mode 73In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without 74associating with an access point. 75This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to 76capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, 77or to scan for access points. 78.El 79.Pp 80.Nm 81supports software WEP. 82Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is the de facto encryption standard 83for wireless networks. 84It can be typically configured in one of three modes: 85no encryption; 40-bit encryption; or 104-bit encryption. 86Unfortunately, due to serious weaknesses in WEP protocol 87it is strongly recommended that it not be used as the 88sole mechanism to secure wireless communication. 89WEP is not enabled by default. 90.Sh CONFIGURATION 91The 92.Nm 93driver can be configured with 94.Xr ifconfig 8 95using the following parameters: 96.Bl -tag -width Ds 97.It Cm bssid Ar bssid 98Set the desired BSSID. 99.It Fl bssid 100Unset the desired BSSID. 101The interface will automatically select a BSSID in this mode, which is 102the default. 103.It Cm chan Ar n 104Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver based on 105the given channel ID 106.Ar n . 107.It Fl chan 108Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver. 109The driver will automatically select a channel in this mode, which is 110the default. 111.It Cm media Ar media 112The 113.Nm 114driver supports the following 115.Ar media 116types: 117.Pp 118.Bl -tag -width autoselect -compact 119.It Cm autoselect 120Enable autoselection of the media type and options. 121.It Cm DS1 122Set 802.11b DS 1Mbps operation. 123.It Cm DS2 124Set 802.11b DS 2Mbps operation. 125.It Cm DS5 126Set 802.11b DS 5.5Mbps operation. 127.It Cm DS11 128Set 802.11b DS 11Mbps operation. 129.It Cm OFDM6 130Set 802.11a/g OFDM 6Mbps operation. 131.It Cm OFDM9 132Set 802.11a/g OFDM 9Mbps operation. 133.It Cm OFDM12 134Set 802.11a/g OFDM 12Mbps operation. 135.It Cm OFDM18 136Set 802.11a/g OFDM 18Mbps operation. 137.It Cm OFDM24 138Set 802.11a/g OFDM 24Mbps operation. 139.It Cm OFDM36 140Set 802.11a/g OFDM 36Mbps operation. 141.It Cm OFDM48 142Set 802.11a/g OFDM 48Mbps operation. 143.It Cm OFDM54 144Set 802.11a/g OFDM 54Mbps operation. 145.El 146.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts 147The 148.Nm 149driver supports the following media options: 150.Pp 151.Bl -tag -width monitor -compact 152.It Cm hostap 153Select Host AP operation. 154.It Cm ibss 155Select IBSS operation. 156.It Cm monitor 157Select monitor mode. 158.El 159.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts 160Disable the specified media options on the driver and return it to the 161default mode of operation (BSS). 162.It Cm mode Ar mode 163The 164.Nm 165driver supports the following modes: 166.Pp 167.Bl -tag -width 11b -compact 168.It Cm 11a 169Force 802.11a operation (RT5222 only). 170.It Cm 11b 171Force 802.11b operation. 172.It Cm 11g 173Force 802.11g operation. 174.El 175.It Cm nwid Ar id 176Set the network ID. 177The 178.Ar id 179can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length, 180or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits. 181An empty 182.Ar id 183string allows the interface to connect to any available access points. 184By default the 185.Nm 186driver uses an empty string. 187Note that network ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID). 188.It Cm nwkey Ar key 189Enable WEP encryption using the specified 190.Ar key . 191The 192.Ar key 193can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits (preceded by 194.Sq 0x ) , 195or a set of keys of the form 196.Dq n:k1,k2,k3,k4 , 197where 198.Sq n 199specifies which of the keys will be used for transmitted packets, 200and the four keys, 201.Dq k1 202through 203.Dq k4 , 204are configured as WEP keys. 205If a set of keys is specified, a comma 206.Pq Sq \&, 207within the key must be escaped with a backslash. 208Note that if multiple keys are used, their order must be the same within 209the network. 210.Nm 211is capable of using both 40-bit (5 characters or 10 hexadecimal digits) 212or 104-bit (13 characters or 26 hexadecimal digits) keys. 213.It Fl nwkey 214Disable WEP encryption. 215This is the default mode of operation. 216.El 217.Sh HARDWARE 218The following PCI adapters should work: 219.Bd -filled 220A-Link WL54H. 221Amigo AWI-926W. 222AMIT WL531P. 223AOpen AOI-831. 224ASUS WL-130g. 225ASUS WIFI-G-AAY. 226Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54. 227Belkin F5D7000 v3. 228Canyon CN-WF511. 229CNet CWP-854. 230Compex WLP54G. 231Conceptronic C54Ri. 232Corega CG-WLPCI54GL. 233Digitus DN-7006G-RA. 234Dynalink WLG25PCI. 235E-Tech WGPI02. 236Edimax EW-7128g. 237Eminent EM3037. 238Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM. 239Eusso UGL2454-VPR. 240Fiberline WL-400P. 241Foxconn WLL-3350. 242Gigabyte GN-WPKG. 243Hawking HWP54GR. 244Hercules HWGPCI-54. 245iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03). 246JAHT WN-4054PCI. 247KCORP LifeStyle KLS-660. 248LevelOne WNC-0301 v2. 249Linksys WMP54G v4. 250Micronet SP906GK. 251Minitar MN54GPC-R. 252MSI MS-6834. 253MSI PC54G2. 254OvisLink EVO-W54PCI. 255PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA. 256Pro-Nets PC80211G. 257Repotec RP-WP0854. 258SATech SN-54P. 259Signamax 065-1798. 260Sitecom WL-115. 261SparkLAN WL-660R. 262Surecom EP-9321-g. 263Sweex LC700030. 264TekComm NE-9321-g. 265Tonze PC-6200C. 266Unex CR054g-R02. 267Zinwell ZWX-G361. 268Zonet ZEW1600. 269.Ed 270.Pp 271The following CardBus adapters should work: 272.Bd -filled 273A-Link WL54PC. 274Alfa AWPC036. 275Amigo AWI-914W. 276AMIT WL531C. 277ASUS WL-107G. 278Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54. 279Belkin F5D7010 v2. 280Canyon CN-WF513. 281CC\*[Am]C WL-2102. 282CNet CWC-854. 283Conceptronic C54RC. 284Corega CG-WLCB54GL. 285Digitus DN-7001G-RA. 286Dynalink WLG25CARDBUS. 287E-Tech WGPC02. 288E-Tech WGPC03. 289Edimax EW-7108PCg. 290Eminent EM3036. 291Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM. 292Eusso UGL2454-01R. 293Fiberline WL-400X. 294Gigabyte GN-WMKG. 295Hawking HWC54GR. 296Hercules HWGPCMCIA-54. 297JAHT WN-4054P(E). 298KCORP LifeStyle KLS-611. 299LevelOne WPC-0301 v2. 300Micronet SP908GK V3. 301Minitar MN54GCB-R. 302MSI CB54G2. 303MSI MS-6835. 304Pro-Nets CB80211G. 305Repotec RP-WB7108. 306SATech SN-54C. 307Sitecom WL-112. 308SparkLAN WL-611R. 309Surecom EP-9428-g. 310Sweex LC500050. 311TekComm NE-9428-g. 312Tonze PW-6200C. 313Unex MR054g-R02. 314Zinwell ZWX-G160. 315Zonet ZEW1500. 316.Ed 317.Pp 318The following Mini PCI adapters should work: 319.Bd -filled 320Amigo AWI-922W. 321Billionton MIWLGRL. 322Gigabyte GN-WIKG. 323MSI MP54G2. 324MSI MS-6833. 325Tonze PC-620C. 326Zinwell ZWX-G360. 327.Ed 328.Pp 329The following USB 2.0 adapters should work: 330.Bd -filled 331AMIT WL532U. 332ASUS WL-167g. 333Belkin F5D7050. 334Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54. 335Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI. 336Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-YB. 337CNet CWD-854. 338Compex WLU54G 2A1100. 339Conceptronic C54RU. 340D-Link DWL-G122 (b1). 341Dynalink WLG25USB. 342E-Tech WGUS02. 343Eminent 3035. 344Gigabyte GN-WBKG. 345Hercules HWGUSB2-54. 346KCORP LifeStyle KLS-685. 347Linksys WUSB54G v4. 348Linksys WUSB54GP v4. 349MSI MS-6861. 350MSI MS-6865. 351MSI MS-6869. 352SerComm UB801R. 353SparkLAN WL-685R. 354Surecom EP-9001-g. 355Tonze UW-6200C. 356Zaapa ZNWUSB-54. 357Zonet ZEW2500P. 358.Ed 359.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 360.Bl -diag 361.It "ral%d: device timeout" 362The driver will reset the hardware. 363This should not happen. 364.El 365.Sh SEE ALSO 366.Xr arp 4 , 367.Xr cardbus 4 , 368.Xr ifmedia 4 , 369.Xr intro 4 , 370.Xr netintro 4 , 371.Xr pci 4 , 372.Xr usb 4 , 373.\" .Xr hostapd 8 , 374.Xr ifconfig 8 375.Pp 376Ralink Technology: 377.Pa http://www.ralinktech.com 378.Sh HISTORY 379The 380.Nm 381driver first appeared in 382.Ox 3.7 . 383.Sh AUTHORS 384The 385.Nm 386driver was written by 387.An Damien Bergamini Aq damien@openbsd.org . 388.Sh CAVEATS 389PCI 390.Nm 391adapters seem to strictly require a system supporting PCI 2.2 or greater and 392will likely not work in systems based on older revisions of the PCI 393specification. 394.Pp 395The USB 396.Nm ral 397driver does not support automatic adaptation of the transmit speed. 398