1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991 Regents of the University of California. 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" from: @(#)intro.3 6.11 (Berkeley) 7/31/91 33.\" $Id: intro.3,v 1.2 1993/08/01 07:37:11 mycroft Exp $ 34.\" 35.Dd July 31, 1991 36.Dt INTRO 3 37.Os BSD 4 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm intro 40.Nd introduction to the C libraries 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42This section provides an overview of the C 43library functions, their error returns and other 44common definitions and concepts. 45Most of these functions are available from the C library, 46.Em libc 47(see 48.Xr libc 3 ) . 49Other libraries, such as the math library, 50.Em libm , 51must be indicated at compile time with the 52.Fl l 53option of the compiler. 54.Pp 55A subset of the 56.Xr libc functions 57are available from Fortran; 58they are described separately in 59.Xr intro 3f . 60.Pp 61The various libraries (followed by the loader flag): 62.Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)" 63.It Xr libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c 64Standard C library functions. (See 65.Xr libc 3 . ) When using the C compiler 66.Xr cc 1 , 67it is not necessary 68to supply the loader flag 69.Fl l Ns Ar c 70for these functions. 71There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of 72.Xr libc : the standard 73.Tn I/O 74routines, 75database routines, 76bit operators, 77string operators, 78character tests and character operators, 79des encryption routines, 80storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more. 81.It Xo 82.Xr libcurses 83.Pf ( Fl l Ns Ar curses 84.Fl l Ns Ar termcap ) 85.Xc 86Terminal independent screen management routines 87for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals. 88(See 89.Xr curses 3 . ) 90.It Xr libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat 91Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with 92.Bx 4.3 . 93In particular, 94a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of 95.Bx 96have been included for source code compatibility. 97Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided. 98The manual page entry for each compatibility routine 99indicates the proper interface to use. 100.\" .It Xr libkvm 101.It Xr libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l 102The library for 103.Xr lex 1 . 104.\" .It Xr libln 105.It Xr libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m 106The math library, 107.Em libm . 108The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler 109.Xr pc 1 , 110but not by the C compiler which requires the 111.Fl l Ns Ar m 112flag. 113(See 114.Xr math 3 . ) 115.It Xr libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp 116.\" .It Xr libom 117.\" Old math library. 118.It Xr libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot 119Device independent plotting functions. 120(See 121.Xr plot 3 . ) 122.It Xr libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77 123The device independent plotting functions for fortran. 124(See 125.Xr plot 3 . ) 126.\" .It Xr libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 127.\" Routines for network address resolution. 128.It Xr libtermcap Fl l Ns Ar termcap 129The terminal independent operation library package. (See 130.Xr termcap 3 . ) 131.\" .It libvt0.a 132.It Xr liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y 133The library for 134.Xr yacc 1 . 135.El 136.Sh FILES 137.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact 138.It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a 139the C library 140.It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a 141the math library 142.It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a 143the C library compiled for profiling 144.It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a 145the math library compiled for profiling 146.El 147.Sh SEE ALSO 148.\" .Xr libc 3 , 149.Xr stdio 3 , 150.Xr math 3 , 151.Xr intro 2 , 152.Xr cc 1 , 153.Xr ld 1 , 154.Xr nm 1 155.\" .Sh LIST OF FUNCTIONS 156.\" .Bl -column "strncasecmpxxx" "system" 157.\" .Sy Name Description 158.\" .El 159.Sh HISTORY 160An 161.Nm intro 162manual appeared in 163.At v7 . 164