1.\" $NetBSD: intro.3,v 1.22 2009/03/10 23:42:45 joerg Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 31.\" 32.Dd October 4, 2001 33.Dt INTRO 3 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm intro 37.Nd introduction to the system libraries 38.Sh DESCRIPTION 39This section provides an overview of the system libraries, their 40functions, error returns and other common definitions and concepts. 41Most of these functions are available from the standard C library, 42.Em libc . 43Other libraries, such as the math library, 44.Em libm , 45must be indicated at compile time with the 46.Fl l 47option of the compiler. 48.\" .Pp 49.\" A subset of the 50.\" .Xr libc functions 51.\" are available from Fortran; 52.\" they are described separately in 53.\" .Xr intro 3f . 54.Pp 55The various system libraries supplied in 56.Nx 57(followed by the linker flags) are: 58.Bl -tag -width "libc (-lc)" 59.It Em libasn1 Pq Fl l Ns Ar asn1 60The abstract syntax notation (ASN) library provides routines for the 61specification of abstract data types. 62.It Em libbz2 Pq Fl l Ns Ar bz2 63Block-sorting compressor library providing routines for fast and 64efficient compression. 65.It Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c 66The standard C library. When using the C compiler 67.Xr cc 1 , 68it is not necessary to supply the linker flag 69.Fl l Ns Ar c 70for these functions. There are several subsystems included inside 71.Em libc : 72.Pp 73.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX" 74.It standard I/O routines 75see 76.Xr stdio 3 77.It database routines 78see 79.Xr db 3 80.It bit operators 81see 82.Xr bitstring 3 83.It string operators 84see 85.Xr string 3 86.It character tests and character operators 87.It Tn encryption and hash routines 88see 89.Xr md4 3 90and 91.Xr md5 3 . 92.It storage allocation 93see 94.Xr mpool 3 95and 96.Xr malloc 3 97.It time functions 98see 99.Xr time 3 100.It signal handling 101see 102.Xr signal 3 103.El 104.It Em libcdk Pq Fl l Ns Ar cdk 105Curses development kit (CDK) library. See 106.Xr cdk 3 . 107.It Em libcom_err Pq Fl l Ns Ar com_err 108The common error description library. See 109.Xr com_err 3 . 110.It Em libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat 111Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with 112.Bx 4.3 . 113In particular, a number of system call interfaces provided in previous 114releases of 115.Bx 116have been included for source code compatibility. Use of these 117routines should, for the most part, be avoided. The manual page entry 118for each compatibility routine indicates the proper interface to use. 119.It Em libcrypt Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypt 120The crypt library. See 121.Xr crypt 3 . 122.It Em libcrypto Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypto 123The OpenSSL cryptographic library. See 124.Xr crypto 3 . 125.It Em libcrypto_idea Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypto_idea 126The OpenSSL cryptographic library routines for the IDEA algorithm. 127This algorithm is separated from libcrypto since the IDEA algorithm is 128protected by patents and its use is restricted. 129.It Em libcrypto_rc5 Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypto_rc5 130The OpenSSL cryptographic library routines for the RC5 algorithm. 131This algorithm is separated from libcrypto since the RC5 algorithm is 132protected by patents and its use is restricted. 133.It Em libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap 134Terminal independent screen management routines 135for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals. See 136.Xr curses 3 . 137.It Em libdes Pq Fl l Ns Ar des 138The OpenSSL cryptographic library for the DES algorithms. See 139.Xr des 3 . 140.It Em libedit Pq Fl l Ns Ar edit 141The command-line editor or editline library. The editline library 142provides generic editing and history functions. See 143.Xr editline 3 . 144.It Em libform Pq Fl l Ns Ar form 145The curses form library provides a terminal-independent form system 146using the curses library. The form library provides facilities for 147defining forms on terminals. See 148.Xr forms 3 . 149.It Em libgssapi Pq Fl l Ns Ar gssapi 150The Generic Security Services (GSS) API library. This library provides 151verification services to applications and usually sits above the 152cryptographic libraries. 153.It Em libhesiod Pq Fl l Ns Ar hesiod 154The Hesiod library. This library provides routines for performing 155lookups of Hesiod information, which is stored as text records in the 156Domain Name Service. See 157.Xr hesiod 3 . 158.It Em libhdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar hdb 159The Heimdal Kerberos 5 authentication/authorisation database access 160library. 161.It Em libintl Pq Fl l Ns Ar intl 162The internationalized message handling library. See 163.Xr gettext 3 . 164.It Em libipsec Pq Fl l Ns Ar ipsec 165The IPsec policy control library. See 166.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 167and 168.Xr ipsec_strerror 3 . 169.It Em libkadm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm 170The Kerberos IV administration server and client library. 171.It Em libkadm5clnt Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5clnt 172The Kerberos 5 administration client library. 173.It Em libkadm5srv Pq Fl l Ns Ar kadm5srv 174The Kerberos 5 administration server library. 175.It Em libkafs Pq Fl l Ns Ar kafs 176The Kerberos IV AFS library. See 177.Xr kafs 3 . 178.It Em libkdb Pq Fl l Ns Ar kdb 179The Kerberos IV authentication/authorisation database access library. 180.It Em libkrb Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb 181The Kerberos IV library. 182.It Em libkrb5 Pq Fl l Ns Ar krb5 183The Kerberos 5 library. See 184.Xr krb5 3 . 185.It Em libkstream Pq Fl l Ns Ar kstream 186Kerberos IV encrypted stream library. 187.It Em libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm 188Kernel data access library. See 189.Xr kvm 3 . 190.It Em libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l 191The library for 192.Xr lex 1 . 193.It Em libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m 194The math library. See 195.Xr math 3 . 196.\" The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler 197.\" .Xr pc 1 , 198.\" but not by the C compiler which requires the 199.\" .Fl l Ns Ar m 200.\" flag (see 201.\" .Xr math 3 ) . 202.\" .It Em libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp 203.\" .It Em libom 204.\" Old math library. 205.\" .It Em libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot 206.\" Device independent plotting functions (see 207.\" .Xr plot 3 ) . 208.\" .It Em libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77 209.\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran. (see 210.\" .Xr plot 3 ) . 211.\" .It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 212.\" Routines for network address resolution. 213.It Em libmenu Pq Fl l Ns Ar menu 214The curses menu library. See 215.Xr menus 3 . 216.It Em libpcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar pcap 217The packet capture library. See 218.Xr pcap 3 . 219.It Em libpci Pq Fl l Ns Ar pci 220The PCI bus access library. See 221.Xr pci 3 . 222.It Em libposix Pq Fl l Ns Ar posix 223The POSIX compatibility library provides a compatibility interface for 224POSIX functions which differ from the standard BSD interfaces. See 225.Xr chown 2 226and 227.Xr rename 2 . 228.It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 229The DNS resolver library. 230.It Em librmt Pq Fl l Ns Ar rmt 231Remote magnetic tape library. See 232.Xr rmtops 3 . 233.It Em libroken Pq Fl l Ns Ar roken 234A library containing compatibility functions used by Kerberos. It 235implements functionality required by the Kerberos implementation not 236implemented in the standard 237.Nx 238libraries. 239.It Em librpcsvc Pq Fl l Ns Ar rpcsvc 240The Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services library. See 241.Xr rpc 3 . 242.It Em libskey Pq Fl l Ns Ar skey 243The S/Key one-time password library. See 244.Xr skey 3 . 245.It Em libsl Pq Fl l Ns Ar sl 246.It Em libss Pq Fl l Ns Ar ss 247.It Em libssl Pq Fl l Ns Ar ssl 248The secure sockets layer (SSL) library. See 249.Xr ssl 3 . 250.It Em libtelnet Pq Fl l Ns Ar telnet 251The telnet library. 252.It Em libtermcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap 253The terminal-independent operation library. See 254.Xr termcap 3 . 255.It Em libusb Pq Fl l Ns Ar usb 256The Universal Serial Bus (USB) access library. 257.\" See 258.\" .Xr usb 3 . 259.It Em libutil Pq Fl l Ns Ar util 260The system utilities library. See 261.Xr util 3 . 262.It Em libwrap Pq Fl l Ns Ar wrap 263The TCP wrappers library. See 264.Xr hosts_access 3 . 265.It Em liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y 266The library for 267.Xr yacc 1 . 268.It Em libz Pq Fl l Ns Ar z 269General-purpose compression library. 270.El 271.Sh SEE ALSO 272.Xr cc 1 , 273.Xr ld 1 , 274.Xr nm 1 , 275.Xr rtld 1 , 276.Xr intro 2 277.Sh HISTORY 278An 279.Nm 280manual appeared in 281.At v7 . 282