xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision d48f14661dda8638fee055ba15d35bdfb29b9fa8)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.115 2006/03/30 08:02:40 jnemeth Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
19  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
20  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
23  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
24  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
25  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
26  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
27  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
28  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
29  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
30  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
31  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
32  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 /*
36  * Copyright (c) 1993
37  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
38  *
39  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41  * are met:
42  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
48  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
49  *    without specific prior written permission.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
52  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
53  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
54  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
55  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
56  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
57  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
58  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
59  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
60  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
61  * SUCH DAMAGE.
62  */
63 
64 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
65 #ifndef lint
66 __COPYRIGHT(
67 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\n\
68 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
69 #endif /* not lint */
70 
71 #ifndef lint
72 #if 0
73 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
74 #else
75 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.115 2006/03/30 08:02:40 jnemeth Exp $");
76 #endif
77 #endif /* not lint */
78 
79 #include <sys/types.h>
80 #include <sys/param.h>
81 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
82 #include <sys/mount.h>
83 #include <sys/resource.h>
84 #include <sys/stat.h>
85 #include <sys/sched.h>
86 #include <sys/socket.h>
87 #include <netinet/in.h>
88 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
90 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
91 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
92 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
93 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
94 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
95 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
96 #include <machine/cpu.h>
97 #include <netkey/key_var.h>
98 
99 #include <assert.h>
100 #include <ctype.h>
101 #include <err.h>
102 #include <errno.h>
103 #include <inttypes.h>
104 #include <regex.h>
105 #include <stdarg.h>
106 #include <stdio.h>
107 #include <stdlib.h>
108 #include <string.h>
109 #include <time.h>
110 #include <unistd.h>
111 
112 /*
113  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
114  */
115 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
116 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
117 	u_int, void *
118 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
119 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
120 	u_int type, void *v
121 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
122 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
123 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
124 
125 /*
126  * generic routines
127  */
128 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, int);
129 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
130 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
131 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int);
132 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
133 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
134 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
135 			   const void *, size_t, int);
136 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
137 			   const void *, size_t, int);
138 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
139 			   const void *, size_t, int);
140 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
141 static void usage(void);
142 static void parse(char *);
143 static void parse_create(char *);
144 static void parse_destroy(char *);
145 static void parse_describe(char *);
146 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
148 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
149 static void sysctlerror(int);
150 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
151 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...);
152 #define EXIT(n) do { \
153 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
154 
155 /*
156  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
157  */
158 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
159 
160 /*
161  * "handlers"
162  */
163 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void kern_cp_id(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
171 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
172 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
173 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
174 static void mode_bits(HANDLER_PROTO);
175 
176 static const struct handlespec {
177 	const char *ps_re;
178 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
179 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
180 	const void *ps_d;
181 } handlers[] = {
182 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate },
183 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
184 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
185 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
186 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
187 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
188 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
189 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime },
190 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev },
191 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time },
192 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
193 	{ "/kern/cp_id(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_id },
194 
195 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
196 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
197 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg },
198 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
199 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
200 
201 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
202 
203 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
204 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
205 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
206 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
207 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
208 	{ "/net/(inet|inet6)/[^/]+/stats",	printother, NULL, "netstat"},
209 	{ "/net/bpf/(stats|peers)",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
210 
211 	{ "/net/inet.*/tcp.*/deb.*",		printother, NULL, "trpt" },
212 
213 	{ "/net/ns/spp/deb.*",			printother, NULL, "trsp" },
214 
215 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
216 
217 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
218 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev },
219 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
220 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
221 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo },
222 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
223 
224 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit },
225 
226 	{ "/security/setid_core/mode",		mode_bits, mode_bits },
227 
228 	/*
229 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
230 	 */
231 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
232 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
233 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
234 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
235 
236 	{ NULL },
237 };
238 
239 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
240 #if defined(lint)
241 	0
242 #else /* defined(lint) */
243 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
244 	sysc_init_field(_sysctl_size, sizeof(struct sysctlnode)),
245 	.sysctl_num = 0,
246 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
247 #endif /* defined(lint) */
248 };
249 
250 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
251 size_t	nr;
252 char	*fn;
253 int	req, stale;
254 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
255 
256 /*
257  * vah-riables n stuff
258  */
259 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
260 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
261 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
262 char sep[] = ".";
263 const char *eq = " = ";
264 const char *lname[] = {
265 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
266 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
267 };
268 
269 /*
270  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
271  */
272 int
273 main(int argc, char *argv[])
274 {
275 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
276 	int ch;
277 
278 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
279 		switch (ch) {
280 		case 'A':
281 			Aflag++;
282 			break;
283 		case 'a':
284 			aflag++;
285 			break;
286 		case 'd':
287 			dflag++;
288 			break;
289 		case 'e':
290 			eq = "=";
291 			break;
292 		case 'f':
293 			fn = optarg;
294 			wflag++;
295 			break;
296 		case 'M':
297 			Mflag++;
298 			break;
299 		case 'n':
300 			nflag++;
301 			break;
302 		case 'q':
303 			qflag++;
304 			break;
305 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
306 		case 'r':
307 			rflag++;
308 			break;
309 		case 'w':
310 			wflag++;
311 			break;
312 		case 'x':
313 			xflag++;
314 			break;
315 		default:
316 			usage();
317 		}
318 	}
319 
320 	argc -= optind;
321 	argv += optind;
322 
323 	if (qflag && !wflag)
324 		usage();
325 	if (xflag && rflag)
326 		usage();
327 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
328 		usage(); */
329 	/* if (aflag && Mflag)
330 		usage(); */
331 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
332 		aflag = 1;
333 
334 	if (Aflag)
335 		warnfp = stdout;
336 	stale = req = 0;
337 
338 	if (aflag) {
339 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
340 		/* if (argc == 0) */
341 		return (0);
342 	}
343 
344 	if (fn) {
345 		FILE *fp;
346 		char *l;
347 
348 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
349 		if (fp == NULL) {
350 			err(1, "%s", fn);
351 		} else {
352 			nr = 0;
353 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
354 			{
355 				if (*l) {
356 					parse(l);
357 					free(l);
358 				}
359 			}
360 			fclose(fp);
361 		}
362 		return (0);
363 	}
364 
365 	if (argc == 0)
366 		usage();
367 
368 	while (argc-- > 0)
369 		parse(*argv++);
370 
371 	return (0);
372 }
373 
374 /*
375  * ********************************************************************
376  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
377  * writing) of a particular node
378  * ********************************************************************
379  */
380 static const struct handlespec *
381 findhandler(const char *s, int w)
382 {
383 	const struct handlespec *p;
384 	regex_t re;
385 	int i, j, l;
386 	char eb[64];
387 	regmatch_t match[1];
388 
389 	p = &handlers[0];
390 	l = strlen(s);
391 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
392 		j = regcomp(&re, p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
393 		if (j != 0) {
394 			regerror(j, &re, eb, sizeof(eb));
395 			errx(1, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
396 		}
397 		j = regexec(&re, s, 1, match, 0);
398 		if (j == 0) {
399 			if (match[0].rm_so == 0 && match[0].rm_eo == l &&
400 			    (w ? p[i].ps_w : p[i].ps_p) != NULL)
401 				return (&p[i]);
402 		}
403 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
404 			regerror(j, &re, eb, sizeof(eb));
405 			errx(1, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
406 		}
407 	}
408 
409 	return (NULL);
410 }
411 
412 /*
413  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
414  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
415  */
416 static void
417 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
418 {
419 	const char *t;
420 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
421 	int l;
422 
423 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
424 		o[0] = '/';
425 		o[1] = '\0';
426 	}
427 	else
428 		o[0] = '\0';
429 
430 	t = i;
431 	do {
432 		i = t;
433 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
434 		if (t == NULL)
435 			strcat(o, i);
436 		else {
437 			l = t - i;
438 			t++;
439 			memcpy(p, i, l);
440 			p[l] = '\0';
441 			strcat(o, p);
442 			strcat(o, "/");
443 		}
444 	} while (t != NULL);
445 }
446 
447 /*
448  * ********************************************************************
449  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
450  * mib
451  * ********************************************************************
452  */
453 static const char *
454 sf(u_int f)
455 {
456 	static char s[256];
457 	const char *c;
458 
459 	s[0] = '\0';
460 	c = "";
461 
462 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
463 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
464 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
465 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
466 		(_c) = ","; \
467 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
468 	}
469 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
470 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY1, READWRITE);
471 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY2, READWRITE);
472 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
473 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
474 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
475 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
476 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
477 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
478 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
479 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
480 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
481 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
482 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
483 #undef print_flag
484 
485 	if (f) {
486 		char foo[9];
487 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
488 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
489 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
490 	}
491 
492 	return (s);
493 }
494 
495 static const char *
496 st(u_int t)
497 {
498 
499 	switch (t) {
500 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
501 		return "NODE";
502 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
503 		return "INT";
504 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
505 		return "STRING";
506 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
507                 return "QUAD";
508 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
509 		return "STRUCT";
510 	}
511 
512 	return "???";
513 }
514 
515 /*
516  * ********************************************************************
517  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
518  * ********************************************************************
519  */
520 static void
521 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
522 {
523 	struct sysctlnode *node;
524 
525 	if (rnode == NULL ||
526 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
527 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
528 		return;
529 
530 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
531 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
532 	     node++)
533 		purge_tree(node);
534 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
535 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
536 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
537 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
538 
539 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
540 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
541 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
542 		free(__UNCONST(rnode->sysctl_desc));
543 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
544 }
545 
546 /*
547  * ********************************************************************
548  * print this node and any others underneath it
549  * ********************************************************************
550  */
551 static void
552 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
553 	   int add)
554 {
555 	struct sysctlnode *node;
556 	int rc, ni;
557 	size_t sz;
558 	char *sp, *dp, n[20];
559 	const struct handlespec *p;
560 
561 	sp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
562 	dp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
563 
564 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
565 		/*
566 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
567 		 */
568 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++) {
569 			(void)snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", name[ni]);
570 			if (ni > 0)
571 				strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
572 			strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
573 		}
574 	}
575 
576 	if (pnode == NULL)
577 		pnode = &my_root;
578 	else if (add) {
579 		snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", pnode->sysctl_num);
580 		if (namelen > 1) {
581 			strncat(gsname, sep, sizeof(gsname));
582 			strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
583 		}
584 		strncat(gsname, pnode->sysctl_name, sizeof(gsname));
585 		strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
586 	}
587 
588 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
589 		if (nflag)
590 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
591 		else
592 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
593 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
594 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
595 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
596 				printf(", alias %d",
597 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
598 			else
599 				printf(", children %d/%d",
600 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
601 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
602 		}
603 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
604 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
605 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
606 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
607 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
608 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
609 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
610 		printf("\n");
611 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
612 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
613 			return;
614 		}
615 	}
616 
617 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
618 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
619 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
620 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
621 			if (Aflag || !add ||
622 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
623 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
624 				if (!nflag)
625 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
626 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
627 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
628 					printf("(no description)\n");
629 				else
630 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
631 			}
632 		}
633 
634 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
635 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
636 			return;
637 		}
638 	}
639 
640 	/*
641 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
642 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
643 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
644 	 * name specifically.
645 	 */
646 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
647 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
648 		return;
649 	}
650 
651 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
652 	p = findhandler(canonname, 0);
653 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
654 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
655 			   __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
656 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
657 		return;
658 	}
659 
660 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
661 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
662 		if (rc == -1) {
663 			sysctlerror(1);
664 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
665 			return;
666 		}
667 		if (sz == 0) {
668 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
669 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
670 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
671 			return;
672 		}
673 	}
674 	else
675 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
676 
677 	switch (type) {
678 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
679 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
680 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
681 		if (node == NULL) {
682 			if (dflag)
683 				/* do nothing */;
684 			else if (p != NULL)
685 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
686 					   pnode, type, __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
687 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
688 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
689 		}
690 		else {
691 			if (dflag)
692 				/*
693 				 * get all descriptions for next level
694 				 * in one chunk
695 				 */
696 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
697 			req = 0;
698 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
699 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
700 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
701 				    !(Aflag || req))
702 					continue;
703 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
704 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
705 					   1);
706 			}
707 		}
708 		break;
709 	}
710 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
711 		int i;
712 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
713 		if (rc == -1) {
714 			sysctlerror(1);
715 			break;
716 		}
717 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
718 		break;
719 	}
720 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
721 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
722 		tbuf = buf;
723 		sz = sizeof(buf);
724 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
725 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
726 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
727 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
728 				sysctlerror(1);
729 				break;
730 			}
731 			rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
732 		}
733 		if (rc == -1)
734 			sysctlerror(1);
735 		else
736 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
737 		if (tbuf != buf)
738 			free(tbuf);
739 		break;
740 	}
741 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
742 		u_quad_t q;
743 		sz = sizeof(q);
744 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
745 		if (rc == -1) {
746 			sysctlerror(1);
747 			break;
748 		}
749 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
750 		break;
751 	}
752 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
753 		/*
754 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
755 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
756 		 * do other than completely ignore the
757 		 * request.
758 		 */
759 		unsigned char *d;
760 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
761 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
762 			break;
763 		}
764 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
765 		if (rc == -1) {
766 			sysctlerror(1);
767 			break;
768 		}
769 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
770 		free(d);
771 		break;
772 	}
773 	default:
774 		/* should i print an error here? */
775 		break;
776 	}
777 
778 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
779 }
780 
781 /*
782  * ********************************************************************
783  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
784  * request
785  * ********************************************************************
786  */
787 static void
788 parse(char *l)
789 {
790 	struct sysctlnode *node;
791 	const struct handlespec *w;
792 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
793 	u_int namelen, type;
794 	char *key, *value, *dot;
795 	size_t sz;
796 
797 	req = 1;
798 	key = l;
799 	value = strchr(l, '=');
800 	if (value != NULL)
801 		*value++ = '\0';
802 
803 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
804 		sep[0] = '.';
805 	else
806 		sep[0] = dot[0];
807 	sep[1] = '\0';
808 
809 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
810 		if (value != NULL)
811 			value[-1] = '=';
812 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
813 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
814 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
815 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
816 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
817 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
818 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
819 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
820 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
821 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
822 				parse_describe(key);
823 			else {
824 				if (!dflag)
825 					dodesc = 1;
826 				break;
827 			}
828 		}
829 		else
830 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
831 		return;
832 	}
833 
834 	if (stale) {
835 		purge_tree(&my_root);
836 		stale = 0;
837 	}
838 	node = &my_root;
839 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
840 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
841 
842 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
843 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
844 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
845 		EXIT(1);
846 	}
847 
848 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
849 
850 	if (value == NULL) {
851 		if (dodesc)
852 			dflag = 1;
853 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
854 		if (dodesc)
855 			dflag = 0;
856 		gsname[0] = '\0';
857 		return;
858 	}
859 
860 	if (fn)
861 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
862 
863 	if (!wflag) {
864 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
865 		exit(1);
866 	}
867 
868 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
869 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, 1)) != NULL) {
870 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
871 			   __UNCONST(w->ps_d));
872 		gsname[0] = '\0';
873 		return;
874 	}
875 
876 	switch (type) {
877 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
878 		/*
879 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
880 		 */
881 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
882 		break;
883 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
884 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
885 		break;
886 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
887 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
888 		break;
889 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
890 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
891 		break;
892 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
893 		/*
894 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
895 		 */
896 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
897 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
898 		break;
899 	}
900 }
901 
902 /*
903 
904   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
905   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
906   [size=###,]
907   [n=###,]
908   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
909   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
910 
911   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
912   else.  nodes can have [r12whp], but nothing else applies.  if no
913   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
914   with [r12w] being read-only, writeable below securelevel 1,
915   writeable below securelevel 2, and unconditionally writeable
916   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
917   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
918   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
919   specify both value and addr.
920 
921 */
922 
923 static void
924 parse_create(char *l)
925 {
926 	struct sysctlnode node;
927 	size_t sz;
928 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
929 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
930 	u_int namelen, type;
931 	u_quad_t uq;
932 	quad_t q;
933 
934 	if (!wflag) {
935 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
936 		exit(1);
937 	}
938 
939 	/*
940 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
941 	 * node
942 	 */
943 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
944 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
945 	flags = 0;
946 	rw = -1;
947 	type = 0;
948 	sz = 0;
949 	data = addr = NULL;
950 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
951 	namelen = 0;
952 	method = 0;
953 
954 	/*
955 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
956 	 */
957 	i = 0;
958 	uq = 0;
959 	key = NULL;
960 	value = NULL;
961 
962 	/*
963 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
964 	 * pick it off.
965 	 */
966 	nname = l;
967 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
968 		*c++ = '\0';
969 
970 	while (c != NULL) {
971 
972 		/*
973 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
974 		 */
975 		key = c;
976 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
977 			*t++ = '\0';
978 			value = t;
979 		}
980 		else
981 			value = NULL;
982 
983 		/*
984 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
985 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
986 		 * the next comma.
987 		 */
988 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
989 			c = NULL;
990 			data = value;
991 			break;
992 		}
993 		else if (value) {
994 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
995 				*c++ = '\0';
996 		}
997 
998 		/*
999 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of sysctl(8)
1000 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
1001 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
1002 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
1003 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
1004 		 */
1005 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
1006 			/*
1007 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
1008 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
1009 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
1010 			 */
1011 			if (method != 0) {
1012 				sysctlperror(
1013 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1014 				    nname,
1015 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1016 				EXIT(1);
1017 			}
1018 			if (value == NULL) {
1019 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1020 				EXIT(1);
1021 			}
1022 			errno = 0;
1023 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1024 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1025 				sysctlperror(
1026 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1027 				    nname, value);
1028 				EXIT(1);
1029 			}
1030 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1031 		}
1032 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1033 			if (method != 0) {
1034 				sysctlperror(
1035 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1036 				    nname,
1037 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1038 				EXIT(1);
1039 			}
1040 			addr = value;
1041 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1042 		}
1043 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1044 			if (value == NULL) {
1045 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1046 				EXIT(1);
1047 			}
1048 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1049 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1050 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1051 				sz = sizeof(int);
1052 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1053 			}
1054 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1055 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1056 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1057 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1058 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1059 			}
1060 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1061 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1062 			else {
1063 				sysctlperror(
1064 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1065 					nname, value);
1066 				EXIT(1);
1067 			}
1068 		}
1069 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1070 			if (value == NULL) {
1071 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1072 				EXIT(1);
1073 			}
1074 			errno = 0;
1075 			/*
1076 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1077 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1078 			 * right?
1079 			 */
1080 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1081 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1082 				sysctlperror(
1083 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1084 					nname, value);
1085 				EXIT(1);
1086 			}
1087 		}
1088 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1089 			if (value == NULL) {
1090 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1091 				EXIT(1);
1092 			}
1093 			errno = 0;
1094 			q = strtoll(value, &t, 0);
1095 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1096 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1097 				sysctlperror(
1098 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1099 				    nname, value);
1100 				EXIT(1);
1101 			}
1102 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1103 		}
1104 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1105 			if (value == NULL) {
1106 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1107 				EXIT(1);
1108 			}
1109 			t = value;
1110 			while (*t != '\0') {
1111 				switch (*t) {
1112 				case 'a':
1113 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1114 					break;
1115 				case 'h':
1116 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1117 					break;
1118 				case 'i':
1119 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1120 					break;
1121 				case 'o':
1122 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1123 					break;
1124 				case 'p':
1125 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1126 					break;
1127 				case 'x':
1128 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1129 					break;
1130 
1131 				case 'r':
1132 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1133 					break;
1134 				case '1':
1135 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY1;
1136 					break;
1137 				case '2':
1138 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY2;
1139 					break;
1140 				case 'w':
1141 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1142 					break;
1143 				default:
1144 					sysctlperror(
1145 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1146 					    nname, *t);
1147 					EXIT(1);
1148 				}
1149 				t++;
1150 			}
1151 		}
1152 		else {
1153 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1154 				     nname, key);
1155 			EXIT(1);
1156 		}
1157 	}
1158 
1159 	/*
1160 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1161 	 * anything they didn't specify
1162 	 */
1163 	if (type == 0)
1164 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1165 
1166 	/*
1167 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1168 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1169 	 */
1170 	if (data != NULL) {
1171 		if (addr != NULL) {
1172 			sysctlperror(
1173 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1174 				"address\n", nname);
1175 			EXIT(1);
1176 		}
1177 
1178 		switch (type) {
1179 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1180 			errno = 0;
1181 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1182 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1183 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1184 				sysctlperror(
1185 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1186 				    nname, value);
1187 				EXIT(1);
1188 			}
1189 			i = (int)q;
1190 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1191 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1192 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1193 			}
1194 			else
1195 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1196 			if (sz == 0)
1197 				sz = sizeof(int);
1198 			break;
1199 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1200 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1201 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1202 			if (sz == 0)
1203 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1204 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1205 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1206 					"string node, too small for given "
1207 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1208 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1209 			}
1210 			break;
1211 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1212 			errno = 0;
1213 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1214 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1215 				sysctlperror(
1216 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1217 					nname, value);
1218 				EXIT(1);
1219 			}
1220 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1221 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1222 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1223 			}
1224 			else
1225 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1226 			if (sz == 0)
1227 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1228 			break;
1229 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1230 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1231 				     nname);
1232 			EXIT(1);
1233 		}
1234 
1235 		/*
1236 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1237 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1238 		 */
1239 	}
1240 
1241 	/*
1242 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1243 	 * fine.
1244 	 */
1245 	else if (addr != 0)
1246 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1247 
1248 	/*
1249 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1250 	 * manage that.
1251 	 */
1252 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1253 		if (sz == 0) {
1254 			sysctlperror(
1255 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1256 			    nname);
1257                         EXIT(1);
1258                 }
1259 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1260 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1261 	}
1262 
1263 	/*
1264 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1265 	 * assembled
1266 	 */
1267 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1268 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1269 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1270 			     nname,
1271 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1272 		EXIT(1);
1273 	}
1274 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1275 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1276 		EXIT(1);
1277 	}
1278 
1279 	/*
1280 	 * some types must have a particular size
1281 	 */
1282 	if (sz != 0) {
1283 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1284 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1285 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1286 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1287 			EXIT(1);
1288 		}
1289 	}
1290 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1291 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1292 		EXIT(1);
1293 	}
1294 
1295 	/*
1296 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1297 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1298 	 * else being readonly.
1299 	 */
1300 	if (rw == -1) {
1301 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1302 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1303 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1304 		else
1305 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1306 	}
1307 
1308 	/*
1309 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1310 	 * writeable by us.
1311 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1312 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1313 		EXIT(1);
1314 	}
1315 	 */
1316 
1317 	/*
1318 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1319 	 * node?
1320 	 */
1321 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1322 		sep[0] = '.';
1323 	else
1324 		sep[0] = t[0];
1325 	sep[1] = '\0';
1326 
1327 	/*
1328 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1329 	 */
1330 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1331 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1332 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1333 	if (t != NULL)
1334 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1335 	else
1336 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1337 	if (t == nname)
1338 		t = NULL;
1339 
1340 	/*
1341 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1342 	 * the mib for its parent
1343 	 */
1344 	if (t == NULL) {
1345 		namelen = 0;
1346 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1347 	}
1348 
1349 	/*
1350 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1351 	 */
1352 	else {
1353 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1354 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1355 		*t = '\0';
1356 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1357 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1358 		*t = sep[0];
1359 		if (rc == -1) {
1360 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1361 			EXIT(1);
1362 		}
1363 	}
1364 
1365 	/*
1366 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1367 	 */
1368 	if (method != 0)
1369 		name[namelen++] = method;
1370 	else
1371 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1372 
1373 	sz = sizeof(node);
1374 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1375 
1376 	if (rc == -1) {
1377 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1378 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1379 		EXIT(1);
1380 	}
1381 	else {
1382 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1383 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1384 		stale = 1;
1385 	}
1386 }
1387 
1388 static void
1389 parse_destroy(char *l)
1390 {
1391 	struct sysctlnode node;
1392 	size_t sz;
1393 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1394 	u_int namelen;
1395 
1396 	if (!wflag) {
1397 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1398 		exit(1);
1399 	}
1400 
1401 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1402 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1403 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1404 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1405 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1406 	if (rc == -1) {
1407 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1408 		EXIT(1);
1409 	}
1410 
1411 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1412 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1413 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1414 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1415 
1416 	sz = sizeof(node);
1417 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1418 
1419 	if (rc == -1) {
1420 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1421 			     l, strerror(errno));
1422 		EXIT(1);
1423 	}
1424 	else {
1425 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1426 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1427 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1428 		stale = 1;
1429 	}
1430 }
1431 
1432 static void
1433 parse_describe(char *l)
1434 {
1435 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1436 	char buf[1024], *value;
1437 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1438 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1439 	u_int namelen;
1440 	size_t sz;
1441 
1442 	if (!wflag) {
1443 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1444 		exit(1);
1445 	}
1446 
1447 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1448 	*value++ = '\0';
1449 
1450 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1451 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1452 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1453 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1454 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1455 	if (rc == -1) {
1456 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1457 		EXIT(1);
1458 	}
1459 
1460 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1461 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1462 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1463 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1464 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1465 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1466 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1467 	if (rc == -1)
1468 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1469 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1470 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1471 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1472 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1473 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1474 }
1475 
1476 /*
1477  * ********************************************************************
1478  * when things go wrong...
1479  * ********************************************************************
1480  */
1481 static void
1482 usage(void)
1483 {
1484 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1485 
1486 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1487 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1488 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1489 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1490 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1491 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1492 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1493 		      progname, "[-dne] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1494 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1495 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1496 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1497 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1498 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1499 	exit(1);
1500 }
1501 
1502 static void
1503 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1504 {
1505 	struct sysctlnode node;
1506 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1507 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1508 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1509 	int rc;
1510 
1511 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1512 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1513 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1514 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1515 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1516 
1517 	if (rc == -1 ||
1518 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1519 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1520 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1521 		desc = (char *)-1;
1522 	else
1523 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1524 
1525 	if (desc == NULL)
1526 		desc = (char *)-1;
1527 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1528 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1529 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1530 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1531 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1532 		free(__UNCONST(pnode->sysctl_desc));
1533 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1534 }
1535 
1536 static void
1537 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1538 {
1539 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1540 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1541 	char *desc;
1542 	size_t sz;
1543 	int rc, i;
1544 
1545 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1546 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1547 
1548 	/*
1549 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1550 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1551 	 */
1552 	i = 0;
1553 	do {
1554 		d = malloc(sz);
1555 		if (d == NULL)
1556 			return;
1557 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1558 		if (rc == -1) {
1559 			free(d);
1560 			d = NULL;
1561 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1562 				i = 1;
1563 			else
1564 				return;
1565 		}
1566 	} while (d == NULL);
1567 
1568 	/*
1569 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1570 	 * suffice for now
1571 	 */
1572 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1573 	for (i = 0; i < pnode->sysctl_clen; i++) {
1574 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1575 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1576 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1577 				break;
1578 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1579 			/*
1580 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1581 			 */
1582 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1583 				desc = NULL;
1584 			else
1585 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1586 			if (desc == NULL)
1587 				desc = (char *)-1;
1588 			else
1589 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1590 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1591 		}
1592 	}
1593 
1594 	free(d);
1595 }
1596 
1597 static void
1598 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1599 {
1600 	char *i, *o;
1601 
1602 	i = o = s;
1603 	if (dir & 1)
1604 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1605 			i++;
1606 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1607 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1608 	if (dir & 2)
1609 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1610 			*o-- = '\0';
1611 }
1612 
1613 void
1614 sysctlerror(int soft)
1615 {
1616 	if (soft) {
1617 		switch (errno) {
1618 		case ENOENT:
1619 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1620 		case ENOTDIR:
1621 		case EINVAL:
1622 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1623 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1624 			if (Aflag || req)
1625 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available\n",
1626 					     gsname);
1627 			return;
1628 		}
1629 	}
1630 
1631 	sysctlperror("%s: sysctl() failed with %s\n",
1632 		     gsname, strerror(errno));
1633 	if (!soft)
1634 		EXIT(1);
1635 }
1636 
1637 void
1638 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1639 {
1640 
1641 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1642 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1643 }
1644 
1645 static void
1646 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1647 {
1648 	va_list ap;
1649 
1650 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1651 	if (fn)
1652 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1653 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1654 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1655 	va_end(ap);
1656 }
1657 
1658 
1659 /*
1660  * ********************************************************************
1661  * how to write to a "simple" node
1662  * ********************************************************************
1663  */
1664 static void
1665 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1666 {
1667 	u_int ii, io;
1668 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1669 	size_t si, so;
1670 	int rc;
1671 	void *i, *o;
1672 	char *t;
1673 
1674 	if (fn)
1675 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1676 
1677 	si = so = 0;
1678 	i = o = NULL;
1679 	errno = 0;
1680 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1681 	if (qi == UQUAD_MAX && errno == ERANGE) {
1682 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(errno));
1683 		EXIT(1);
1684 	}
1685 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1686 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1687 		EXIT(1);
1688 	}
1689 
1690 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1691 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1692 		ii = (u_int)qi;
1693 		io = (u_int)(qi >> 32);
1694 		if (io != (u_int)-1 && io != 0) {
1695 			sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(ERANGE));
1696 			EXIT(1);
1697 		}
1698 		o = &io;
1699 		so = sizeof(io);
1700 		i = &ii;
1701 		si = sizeof(ii);
1702 		break;
1703 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1704 		o = &qo;
1705 		so = sizeof(qo);
1706 		i = &qi;
1707 		si = sizeof(qi);
1708 		break;
1709 	}
1710 
1711 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1712 	if (rc == -1) {
1713 		sysctlerror(0);
1714 		return;
1715 	}
1716 
1717 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1718 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1719 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1720 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1721 		break;
1722 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1723 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1724 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1725 		break;
1726 	}
1727 }
1728 
1729 static void
1730 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1731 {
1732 	char *i, *o;
1733 	size_t si, so;
1734 	int rc;
1735 
1736 	i = value;
1737 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1738 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1739 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1740 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1741 		EXIT(1);
1742 	}
1743 	o = malloc(so);
1744 	if (o == NULL) {
1745 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1746 		exit(1);
1747 	}
1748 
1749 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1750 	if (rc == -1) {
1751 		sysctlerror(0);
1752 		return;
1753 	}
1754 
1755 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1756 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1757 	free(o);
1758 }
1759 
1760 /*
1761  * ********************************************************************
1762  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1763  * ********************************************************************
1764  */
1765 static void
1766 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1767 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1768 {
1769 	u_quad_t q;
1770 	int i;
1771 
1772 	if (qflag)
1773 		return;
1774 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1775 		return;
1776 
1777 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1778 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1779 		return;
1780 	}
1781 
1782 	if (!nflag) {
1783 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1784 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1785 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1786 			printf("%s: ", name);
1787 	}
1788 
1789 	if (xflag > 1) {
1790 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1791 			printf("\n");
1792 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1793 		return;
1794 	}
1795 
1796 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1797 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1798 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1799 		if (xflag)
1800 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1801 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1802 			printf("%#x", i);
1803 		else
1804 			printf("%d", i);
1805 		break;
1806 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1807 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1808 		if (xflag)
1809 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1810 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1811 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1812 		else
1813 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1814 		break;
1815 	}
1816 
1817 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1818 		printf(" -> ");
1819 	else
1820 		printf("\n");
1821 }
1822 
1823 static void
1824 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1825 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1826 {
1827 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1828 	int ni;
1829 
1830 	if (qflag)
1831 		return;
1832 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1833 		return;
1834 
1835 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1836 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1837 		return;
1838 	}
1839 
1840 	if (!nflag) {
1841 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1842 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1843 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1844 			printf("%s: ", name);
1845 	}
1846 
1847 	if (xflag > 1) {
1848 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1849 			printf("\n");
1850 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1851 		return;
1852 	}
1853 
1854 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1855 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1856 			if (xflag)
1857 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1858 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1859 				break;
1860 			if (!xflag)
1861 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1862 		}
1863 	}
1864 	else
1865 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1866 
1867 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1868 		printf(" -> ");
1869 	else
1870 		printf("\n");
1871 }
1872 
1873 /*ARGSUSED*/
1874 static void
1875 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1876 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1877 {
1878 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1879 	int ni;
1880 	size_t more;
1881 
1882 	if (qflag)
1883 		return;
1884 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
1885 		if (Aflag || req)
1886 			sysctlperror(
1887 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
1888 			    gsname);
1889 		return;
1890 	}
1891 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1892 		return;
1893 
1894 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1895 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1896 		return;
1897 	}
1898 
1899         if (!nflag) {
1900                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1901                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1902                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1903                         printf("%s: ", name);
1904         }
1905 
1906 	if (xflag > 1) {
1907 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1908 			printf("\n");
1909 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1910 		return;
1911 	}
1912 
1913 	if (sz > 16) {
1914 		more = sz - 16;
1915 		sz = 16;
1916 	}
1917 	else
1918 		more = 0;
1919 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
1920 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1921 	if (more)
1922 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
1923 	printf("\n");
1924 }
1925 
1926 static void
1927 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
1928 {
1929 	int i, j;
1930 	char line[80], tmp[12];
1931 
1932 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1933 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
1934 		j = i % 16;
1935 		/* reset line */
1936 		if (j == 0) {
1937 			line[58] = '|';
1938 			line[77] = '|';
1939 			line[78] = 0;
1940 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07d", i);
1941 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
1942 		}
1943 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
1944 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
1945 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
1946 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
1947 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
1948 		/* print a full line and erase it */
1949 		if (j == 15) {
1950 			printf("%s\n", line);
1951 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1952 		}
1953 	}
1954 	if (line[0] != ' ')
1955 		printf("%s\n", line);
1956 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
1957 }
1958 
1959 /*
1960  * ********************************************************************
1961  * functions that handle particular nodes
1962  * ********************************************************************
1963  */
1964 /*ARGSUSED*/
1965 static void
1966 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
1967 {
1968 	int rc;
1969 	void *p;
1970 	size_t sz1, sz2;
1971 
1972 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
1973 		return;
1974 
1975 	/*
1976 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
1977 	 */
1978 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
1979 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
1980 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
1981 			break;
1982 		p = malloc(sz1);
1983 		if (p == NULL)
1984 			break;
1985 		sz2 = sz1;
1986 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
1987 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
1988 			free(p);
1989 			break;
1990 		}
1991 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
1992 		free(p);
1993 		return;
1994 	}
1995 
1996 	/*
1997 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
1998 	 * thing?
1999 	 */
2000 	if (v != NULL) {
2001 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
2002 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
2003 		return;
2004 	}
2005 
2006 	/*
2007 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
2008 	 */
2009 	switch (name[0]) {
2010 	case CTL_NET:
2011 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
2012 			     sname);
2013 		break;
2014 	case CTL_DEBUG:
2015 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
2016 			     sname);
2017 		break;
2018 	case CTL_DDB:
2019 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
2020 			     sname);
2021 		break;
2022 	case CTL_VENDOR:
2023 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
2024 			     sname);
2025 		break;
2026 	}
2027 }
2028 
2029 /*ARGSUSED*/
2030 static void
2031 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2032 {
2033 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2034 	size_t sz;
2035 	int rc;
2036 
2037 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2038 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2039 	if (rc == -1) {
2040 		sysctlerror(1);
2041 		return;
2042 	}
2043 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2044 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2045 
2046 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2047 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2048 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2049 		return;
2050 	}
2051 	else if (!nflag)
2052 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2053 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2054 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2055 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2056 }
2057 
2058 /*ARGSUSED*/
2059 static void
2060 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2061 {
2062 	struct timeval timeval;
2063 	time_t boottime;
2064 	size_t sz;
2065 	int rc;
2066 
2067 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
2068 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
2069 	if (rc == -1) {
2070 		sysctlerror(1);
2071 		return;
2072 	}
2073 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
2074 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2075 
2076 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
2077 	if (xflag || rflag)
2078 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
2079 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2080 	else if (!nflag)
2081 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2082 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2083 	else if (nflag == 1)
2084 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
2085 	else
2086 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
2087 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
2088 }
2089 
2090 /*ARGSUSED*/
2091 static void
2092 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2093 {
2094 	dev_t cons;
2095 	size_t sz;
2096 	int rc;
2097 
2098 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2099 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2100 	if (rc == -1) {
2101 		sysctlerror(1);
2102 		return;
2103 	}
2104 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2105 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2106 
2107 	if (xflag || rflag)
2108 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2109 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2110 	else {
2111 		if (!nflag)
2112 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2113 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2114 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2115 		else
2116 			printf("0x%x\n", cons);
2117 	}
2118 }
2119 
2120 /*ARGSUSED*/
2121 static void
2122 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2123 {
2124 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2125 	size_t sz, osz;
2126 	int rc, i, n;
2127 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2128 	const char *tname;
2129 
2130 	/*
2131 	 * three things to do here.
2132 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2133 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2134 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2135 	 */
2136 
2137 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2138 		sz = sizeof(n);
2139 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2140 		if (rc != 0)
2141 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2142 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2143 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2144 	}
2145 	else {
2146 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2147 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2148 	}
2149 
2150 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2151 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2152 		sysctlerror(1);
2153 		return;
2154 	}
2155 
2156 	osz = sz;
2157 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2158 		    NULL, 0);
2159 
2160 	if (rc == -1) {
2161 		sysctlerror(1);
2162 		free(cp_time);
2163 		return;
2164 	}
2165 
2166 	/*
2167 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2168 	 */
2169 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2170 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2171 
2172 	/*
2173 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2174 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2175 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2176 	 */
2177 	if (n != -1) {
2178 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2179 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2180 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2181                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2182                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2183                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2184                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2185 		}
2186 	}
2187 
2188 	tname = sname;
2189 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2190 		if (i > 0) {
2191 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2192 				       i - 1);
2193 			tname = s;
2194 		}
2195 		if (xflag || rflag)
2196 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2197 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2198 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2199 		else {
2200 			if (!nflag)
2201 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2202 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2203 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2204 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2205 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2206 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2207 			       "\n",
2208 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2209 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2210 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2211 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2212 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2213 		}
2214 		/*
2215 		 * Just printing the one node.
2216 		 */
2217 		if (n == -1)
2218 			break;
2219 	}
2220 
2221 	free(cp_time);
2222 }
2223 
2224 /*ARGSUSED*/
2225 static void
2226 kern_cp_id(HANDLER_ARGS)
2227 {
2228 	u_int64_t *cp_id;
2229 	size_t sz, osz;
2230 	int rc, i, n;
2231 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_id.nnnnnn")];
2232 	const char *tname;
2233 	struct sysctlnode node = *pnode;
2234 
2235 	/*
2236 	 * three things to do here.
2237 	 * case 1: print a specific cpu id (namelen == 3)
2238 	 * case 2: print all cpu ids separately (Aflag set)
2239 	 * case 3: print all cpu ids on one line
2240 	 */
2241 
2242 	if (namelen == 2) {
2243 		sz = sizeof(n);
2244 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2245 		if (rc != 0)
2246 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2247 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t);
2248 	}
2249 	else {
2250 		n = -1; /* Just print one cpu id. */
2251 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t);
2252 	}
2253 
2254 	cp_id = malloc(sz);
2255 	if (cp_id == NULL) {
2256 		sysctlerror(1);
2257 		return;
2258 	}
2259 
2260 	osz = sz;
2261 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, cp_id, &osz, NULL, 0);
2262 	if (rc == -1) {
2263 		sysctlerror(1);
2264 		free(cp_id);
2265 		return;
2266 	}
2267 
2268 	/*
2269 	 * Check that we got back what we asked for.
2270 	 */
2271 	if (osz != sz)
2272 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2273 
2274 	/* pretend for output purposes */
2275 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) |
2276 		SYSCTL_TYPE(CTLTYPE_QUAD);
2277 
2278 	tname = sname;
2279 	if (namelen == 3)
2280 		display_number(&node, tname, cp_id,
2281 			       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2282 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2283 	else if (Aflag) {
2284 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
2285 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep, i);
2286 			tname = s;
2287 			display_number(&node, tname, &cp_id[i],
2288 				       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2289 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2290 	}
2291 	else {
2292 		if (xflag || rflag)
2293 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_id, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2294 		else {
2295 			if (!nflag)
2296 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2297 			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2298 				if (i)
2299 					printf(", ");
2300 				printf("%d = %" PRIu64, i, cp_id[i]);
2301 			}
2302 			printf("\n");
2303 		}
2304 	}
2305 
2306 	free(cp_id);
2307 }
2308 
2309 /*ARGSUSED*/
2310 static void
2311 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2312 {
2313 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2314 	size_t sz;
2315 	int rc;
2316 
2317 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2318 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2319 	if (rc == -1) {
2320 		sysctlerror(1);
2321 		return;
2322 	}
2323 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2324 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2325 
2326 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2327 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2328 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2329 		return;
2330 	}
2331 	if (!nflag)
2332 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2333 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2334 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2335 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2336 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2337 }
2338 
2339 /*ARGSUSED*/
2340 static void
2341 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2342 {
2343 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2344 	size_t osz, nsz;
2345 	char *t;
2346 	int rc;
2347 
2348 	if (fn)
2349 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2350 
2351 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2352 	if (value != NULL) {
2353 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2354 		newp = &nlim;
2355 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2356 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2357 		else {
2358 			errno = 0;
2359 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2360 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2361 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2362 					     sname, value);
2363 				EXIT(1);
2364 			}
2365 		}
2366 	}
2367 	else {
2368 		nsz = 0;
2369 		newp = NULL;
2370 	}
2371 
2372 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2373 	if (rc == -1) {
2374 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2375 		return;
2376 	}
2377 
2378 	if (newp && qflag)
2379 		return;
2380 
2381 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2382 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2383 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2384 	else
2385 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2386 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2387 
2388 	if (newp) {
2389 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2390 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2391 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2392 		else
2393 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2394 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2395 	}
2396 }
2397 
2398 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2399 /*ARGSUSED*/
2400 static void
2401 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2402 {
2403 	struct disklist *dl;
2404 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2405 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2406 	int rc;
2407 	size_t sz;
2408 	uint i, b, lim;
2409 
2410 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2411 	if (rc == -1) {
2412 		sysctlerror(1);
2413 		return;
2414 	}
2415 	dl = malloc(sz);
2416 	if (dl == NULL) {
2417 		sysctlerror(1);
2418 		return;
2419 	}
2420 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2421 	if (rc == -1) {
2422 		sysctlerror(1);
2423 		return;
2424 	}
2425 
2426 	if (!nflag)
2427 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2428 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2429 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2430 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2431 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2432 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2433 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2434 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2435 		       bi->bi_flags);
2436 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2437 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2438 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2439 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2440 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2441 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2442 		return;
2443 	}
2444 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2445 		char t = ':';
2446 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2447 		       ni->ni_devname);
2448 		for (b = 0; b < ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2449 			printf("%c%x", t,
2450 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2451 	}
2452 	printf("\n");
2453 }
2454 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2455 
2456 /*ARGSUSED*/
2457 static void
2458 mode_bits(HANDLER_ARGS)
2459 {
2460 	char buf[11], outbuf[100];
2461 	int o, m, *newp, rc;
2462 	size_t osz, nsz;
2463 	mode_t om, mm;
2464 
2465 	if (fn)
2466 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2467 
2468 	newp = NULL;
2469 	osz = sizeof(o);
2470 	if (value != NULL) {
2471 		void *foo;
2472 		int tt;
2473 		size_t ttsz = sizeof(tt);
2474 		mode_t old_umask;
2475 
2476 		nsz = sizeof(m);
2477 		newp = &m;
2478 		errno = 0;
2479 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &tt, &ttsz, NULL, 0);
2480 		if (rc == -1) {
2481 			sysctlperror("%s: failed query\n", sname);
2482 			return;
2483 		}
2484 
2485 		old_umask = umask(0);
2486 		foo = setmode(value);
2487 		umask(old_umask);
2488 		if (foo == NULL) {
2489 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2490 				     value);
2491 			EXIT(1);
2492 		}
2493 		old_umask = umask(0);
2494 		m = getmode(foo, (mode_t)tt);
2495 		umask(old_umask);
2496 		if (errno) {
2497 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2498 				     value);
2499 			EXIT(1);
2500 		}
2501 	}
2502 	else {
2503 		nsz = 0;
2504 		newp = NULL;
2505 	}
2506 
2507 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, newp, nsz);
2508 	if (rc == -1) {
2509 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2510 		return;
2511 	}
2512 
2513 	if (newp && qflag)
2514 		return;
2515 
2516 	om = (mode_t)o;
2517 	mm = (mode_t)m;
2518 
2519 	if (rflag || xflag)
2520 		display_number(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2521 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2522 	else {
2523 		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2524 		strmode(om, buf);
2525 		buf[10] = '\0';
2526 		rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", om, buf + 1);
2527 		display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2528 	}
2529 
2530 	if (newp) {
2531 		if (rflag || xflag)
2532 			display_number(pnode, sname, &m, sizeof(m),
2533 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2534 		else {
2535 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2536 			strmode(mm, buf);
2537 			buf[10] = '\0';
2538 			rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", mm, buf + 1);
2539 			display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, DISPLAY_NEW);
2540 		}
2541 	}
2542 }
2543