xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision c29d51755812ace2e87aeefdb06cb2b4dac7087a)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.156 2015/08/17 06:42:46 knakahara Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1993
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
45  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
46  *    without specific prior written permission.
47  *
48  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
49  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
50  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
51  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
52  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
53  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
54  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
55  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
56  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
57  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58  * SUCH DAMAGE.
59  */
60 
61 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
62 #ifndef lint
63 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\
64  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
65 #endif /* not lint */
66 
67 #ifndef lint
68 #if 0
69 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
70 #else
71 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.156 2015/08/17 06:42:46 knakahara Exp $");
72 #endif
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #include <sys/types.h>
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 #include <sys/resource.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 #include <sys/sched.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/bitops.h>
84 #include <netinet/in.h>
85 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
86 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
87 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
88 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
90 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
91 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
92 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
93 #include <machine/cpu.h>
94 
95 #include <assert.h>
96 #include <ctype.h>
97 #include <err.h>
98 #include <errno.h>
99 #include <inttypes.h>
100 #include <regex.h>
101 #include <stdarg.h>
102 #include <stdio.h>
103 #include <stdlib.h>
104 #include <string.h>
105 #include <time.h>
106 #include <unistd.h>
107 
108 #include "prog_ops.h"
109 
110 /*
111  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
112  */
113 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
114 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
115 	u_int, void *
116 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
117 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
118 	u_int type, void *v
119 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
120 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
121 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
122 
123 /*
124  * generic routines
125  */
126 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
127 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
128 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
129 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int, regex_t *,
130     size_t *);
131 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
132 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
133 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
134 			   const void *, size_t, int);
135 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
136 			   const void *, size_t, int);
137 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
138 			   const void *, size_t, int);
139 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
140 __dead static void usage(void);
141 static void parse(char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
142 static void parse_create(char *);
143 static void parse_destroy(char *);
144 static void parse_describe(char *);
145 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
146 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
148 static void sysctlerror(int);
149 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
150 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
151 #define EXIT(n) do { \
152 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
153 
154 /*
155  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
156  */
157 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
158 
159 /*
160  * "handlers"
161  */
162 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
163 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_id(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void kern_drivers(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
171 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
172 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
173 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
174 static void mode_bits(HANDLER_PROTO);
175 static void reserve(HANDLER_PROTO);
176 
177 static const struct handlespec {
178 	const char *ps_re;
179 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
180 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
181 	const void *ps_d;
182 } handlers[] = {
183 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate, NULL, NULL },
184 	{ "/kern/evcnt",			printother, NULL, "vmstat -e" },
185 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
186 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
187 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
188 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
189 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
190 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
191 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime, NULL, NULL },
192 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
193 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time, NULL, NULL },
194 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
195 	{ "/kern/cp_id(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_id, NULL, NULL },
196 
197 	{ "/kern/coredump/setid/mode",		mode_bits, mode_bits, NULL },
198 	{ "/kern/drivers",			kern_drivers, NULL, NULL },
199 
200 	{ "/kern/intr/list",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
201 	{ "/kern/intr/affinity",		printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
202 	{ "/kern/intr/intr",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
203 	{ "/kern/intr/nointr",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
204 
205 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
206 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
207 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg, NULL, NULL },
208 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
209 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
210 
211 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
212 
213 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
214 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
215 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
216 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
217 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
218 	{ "/net/(inet|inet6)/[^/]+/stats",	printother, NULL, "netstat"},
219 	{ "/net/bpf/(stats|peers)",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
220 
221 	{ "/net/inet.*/tcp.*/deb.*",		printother, NULL, "trpt" },
222 
223 	{ "/net/inet.*/ip.*/anonportalgo/reserve", reserve, reserve, NULL },
224 
225 	{ "/net/ns/spp/deb.*",			printother, NULL, "trsp" },
226 
227 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
228 
229 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
230 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
231 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
232 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
233 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo, NULL, NULL },
234 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
235 
236 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit, NULL },
237 
238 	/*
239 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
240 	 */
241 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
242 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
243 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
244 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
245 
246 	{ NULL,					NULL, NULL, NULL },
247 };
248 
249 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
250 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
251 	.sysctl_size = sizeof(struct sysctlnode),
252 	.sysctl_num = 0,
253 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
254 };
255 
256 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
257 size_t	nr;
258 char	*fn;
259 int	req, stale, errs;
260 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
261 
262 #define MAXPORTS	0x10000
263 
264 /*
265  * vah-riables n stuff
266  */
267 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
268 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
269 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
270 char sep[] = ".";
271 const char *eq = " = ";
272 const char *lname[] = {
273 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
274 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
275 };
276 
277 /*
278  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
279  */
280 int
281 main(int argc, char *argv[])
282 {
283 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
284 	int ch;
285 	size_t lastcompiled = 0;
286 	regex_t *re;
287 
288 	setprogname(argv[0]);
289 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
290 		switch (ch) {
291 		case 'A':
292 			Aflag++;
293 			break;
294 		case 'a':
295 			aflag++;
296 			break;
297 		case 'd':
298 			dflag++;
299 			break;
300 		case 'e':
301 			eq = "=";
302 			break;
303 		case 'f':
304 			fn = optarg;
305 			wflag++;
306 			break;
307 		case 'M':
308 			Mflag++;
309 			break;
310 		case 'n':
311 			nflag++;
312 			break;
313 		case 'q':
314 			qflag++;
315 			break;
316 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
317 		case 'r':
318 			rflag++;
319 			break;
320 		case 'w':
321 			wflag++;
322 			break;
323 		case 'x':
324 			xflag++;
325 			break;
326 		default:
327 			usage();
328 		}
329 	}
330 
331 	argc -= optind;
332 	argv += optind;
333 
334 	if (xflag && rflag)
335 		usage();
336 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
337 		usage(); */
338 	/* if (aflag && (Mflag || qflag))
339 		usage(); */
340 	if ((aflag || Aflag) && qflag)
341 		usage();
342 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
343 		aflag = 1;
344 
345 	if (prog_init && prog_init() == -1)
346 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "prog init failed");
347 
348 	if (Aflag)
349 		warnfp = stdout;
350 	stale = req = 0;
351 
352 	if ((re = malloc(sizeof(*re) * __arraycount(handlers))) == NULL)
353 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc regex");
354 
355 	if (aflag) {
356 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1,
357 		    re, &lastcompiled);
358 		/* if (argc == 0) */
359 		return (0);
360 	}
361 
362 	if (fn) {
363 		FILE *fp;
364 		char *l;
365 
366 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
367 		if (fp == NULL) {
368 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", fn);
369 		} else {
370 			nr = 0;
371 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
372 			{
373 				if (*l) {
374 					parse(l, re, &lastcompiled);
375 					free(l);
376 				}
377 			}
378 			fclose(fp);
379 		}
380 		return errs ? 1 : 0;
381 	}
382 
383 	if (argc == 0)
384 		usage();
385 
386 	while (argc-- > 0)
387 		parse(*argv++, re, &lastcompiled);
388 
389 	return errs ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
390 }
391 
392 /*
393  * ********************************************************************
394  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
395  * writing) of a particular node
396  * ********************************************************************
397  */
398 static const struct handlespec *
399 findhandler(const char *s, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
400 {
401 	const struct handlespec *p;
402 	size_t i, l;
403 	int j;
404 	char eb[64];
405 	regmatch_t match;
406 
407 	p = &handlers[0];
408 	l = strlen(s);
409 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
410 		if (i >= *lastcompiled) {
411 			j = regcomp(&re[i], p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
412 			if (j != 0) {
413 				regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
414 				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
415 			}
416 			*lastcompiled = i + 1;
417 		}
418 		j = regexec(&re[i], s, 1, &match, 0);
419 		if (j == 0) {
420 			if (match.rm_so == 0 && match.rm_eo == (int)l)
421 				return &p[i];
422 		}
423 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
424 			regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
425 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
426 		}
427 	}
428 
429 	return NULL;
430 }
431 
432 /*
433  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
434  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
435  */
436 static void
437 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
438 {
439 	const char *t;
440 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
441 	int l;
442 
443 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
444 		o[0] = '/';
445 		o[1] = '\0';
446 	}
447 	else
448 		o[0] = '\0';
449 
450 	t = i;
451 	do {
452 		i = t;
453 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
454 		if (t == NULL)
455 			strcat(o, i);
456 		else {
457 			l = t - i;
458 			t++;
459 			memcpy(p, i, l);
460 			p[l] = '\0';
461 			strcat(o, p);
462 			strcat(o, "/");
463 		}
464 	} while (t != NULL);
465 }
466 
467 /*
468  * ********************************************************************
469  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
470  * mib
471  * ********************************************************************
472  */
473 static const char *
474 sf(u_int f)
475 {
476 	static char s[256];
477 	const char *c;
478 
479 	s[0] = '\0';
480 	c = "";
481 
482 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
483 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
484 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
485 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
486 		(_c) = ","; \
487 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
488 	}
489 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
490 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
491 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
492 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
493 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
494 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
495 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
496 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
497 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
498 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
499 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
500 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
501 #undef print_flag
502 
503 	if (f) {
504 		char foo[9];
505 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
506 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
507 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
508 	}
509 
510 	return (s);
511 }
512 
513 static const char *
514 st(u_int t)
515 {
516 
517 	switch (t) {
518 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
519 		return "NODE";
520 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
521 		return "INT";
522 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
523 		return "STRING";
524 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
525                 return "QUAD";
526 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
527 		return "STRUCT";
528 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
529 		return "BOOL";
530 	}
531 
532 	return "???";
533 }
534 
535 /*
536  * ********************************************************************
537  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
538  * ********************************************************************
539  */
540 static void
541 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
542 {
543 	struct sysctlnode *node;
544 
545 	if (rnode == NULL ||
546 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
547 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
548 		return;
549 
550 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
551 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
552 	     node++)
553 		purge_tree(node);
554 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
555 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
556 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
557 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
558 
559 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
560 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
561 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
562 		free(__UNCONST(rnode->sysctl_desc));
563 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
564 }
565 
566 static void __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 3, 4)))
567 appendprintf(char **bp, size_t *lbp, const char *fmt, ...)
568 {
569 	int r;
570 	va_list ap;
571 
572 	va_start(ap, fmt);
573 	r = vsnprintf(*bp, *lbp, fmt, ap);
574 	va_end(ap);
575 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r > *lbp)
576 		r = *lbp;
577 	*bp += r;
578 	*lbp -= r;
579 }
580 
581 /*
582  * ********************************************************************
583  * print this node and any others underneath it
584  * ********************************************************************
585  */
586 static void
587 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
588    int add, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
589 {
590 	struct sysctlnode *node;
591 	int rc;
592 	size_t ni, sz, ldp, lsp;
593 	char *sp, *dp, *tsp, *tdp;
594 	const struct handlespec *p;
595 
596 	sp = tsp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
597 	dp = tdp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
598 	ldp = sizeof(gdname) - (dp - gdname);
599 	lsp = sizeof(gsname) - (sp - gsname);
600 
601 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
602 		/*
603 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
604 		 */
605 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++)
606 			appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", ni > 0 ? "." : "",
607 			    name[ni]);
608 	}
609 
610 	if (pnode == NULL)
611 		pnode = &my_root;
612 	else if (add) {
613 		appendprintf(&tsp, &lsp, "%s%s", namelen > 1 ? sep : "",
614 			pnode->sysctl_name);
615 		appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", namelen > 1 ? "." : "",
616 			pnode->sysctl_num);
617 	}
618 
619 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
620 		if (nflag)
621 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
622 		else
623 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
624 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
625 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
626 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
627 				printf(", alias %d",
628 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
629 			else
630 				printf(", children %d/%d",
631 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
632 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
633 		}
634 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
635 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
636 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
637 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
638 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
639 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
640 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
641 		printf("\n");
642 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
643 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
644 			return;
645 		}
646 	}
647 
648 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
649 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
650 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
651 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
652 			if (Aflag || !add ||
653 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
654 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
655 				if (!nflag)
656 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
657 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
658 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
659 					printf("(no description)\n");
660 				else
661 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
662 			}
663 		}
664 
665 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
666 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
667 			return;
668 		}
669 	}
670 
671 	/*
672 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
673 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
674 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
675 	 * name specifically.
676 	 */
677 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
678 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
679 		return;
680 	}
681 
682 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
683 	p = findhandler(canonname, re, lastcompiled);
684 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
685 		if (p->ps_p == NULL) {
686 			sysctlperror("Cannot print `%s': %s\n", gsname,
687 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
688 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
689 		}
690 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
691 			   __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
692 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
693 		return;
694 	}
695 
696 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
697 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
698 		if (rc == -1) {
699 			sysctlerror(1);
700 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
701 			return;
702 		}
703 		if (sz == 0) {
704 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
705 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
706 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
707 			return;
708 		}
709 	}
710 	else
711 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
712 
713 	switch (type) {
714 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
715 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
716 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
717 		if (node == NULL) {
718 			if (dflag)
719 				/* do nothing */;
720 			else if (p != NULL)
721 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
722 					   pnode, type, __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
723 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
724 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
725 		}
726 		else {
727 			if (dflag)
728 				/*
729 				 * get all descriptions for next level
730 				 * in one chunk
731 				 */
732 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
733 			req = 0;
734 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
735 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
736 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
737 				    !(Aflag || req))
738 					continue;
739 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
740 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
741 					   1, re, lastcompiled);
742 			}
743 		}
744 		break;
745 	}
746 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
747 		int i;
748 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
749 		if (rc == -1) {
750 			sysctlerror(1);
751 			break;
752 		}
753 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
754 		break;
755 	}
756 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL: {
757 		bool b;
758 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &b, &sz, NULL, 0);
759 		if (rc == -1) {
760 			sysctlerror(1);
761 			break;
762 		}
763 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &b, sizeof(b), DISPLAY_VALUE);
764 		break;
765 	}
766 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
767 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
768 		tbuf = buf;
769 		sz = sizeof(buf);
770 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
771 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
772 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
773 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
774 				sysctlerror(1);
775 				break;
776 			}
777 			rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
778 		}
779 		if (rc == -1)
780 			sysctlerror(1);
781 		else
782 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
783 		if (tbuf != buf)
784 			free(tbuf);
785 		break;
786 	}
787 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
788 		u_quad_t q;
789 		sz = sizeof(q);
790 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
791 		if (rc == -1) {
792 			sysctlerror(1);
793 			break;
794 		}
795 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
796 		break;
797 	}
798 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
799 		/*
800 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
801 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
802 		 * do other than completely ignore the
803 		 * request.
804 		 */
805 		unsigned char *d;
806 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
807 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
808 			break;
809 		}
810 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
811 		if (rc == -1) {
812 			sysctlerror(1);
813 			break;
814 		}
815 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
816 		free(d);
817 		break;
818 	}
819 	default:
820 		/* should i print an error here? */
821 		break;
822 	}
823 
824 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
825 }
826 
827 /*
828  * ********************************************************************
829  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
830  * request
831  * ********************************************************************
832  */
833 static void
834 parse(char *l, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
835 {
836 	struct sysctlnode *node;
837 	const struct handlespec *w;
838 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
839 	u_int namelen, type;
840 	char *key, *value, *dot;
841 	size_t sz;
842 	bool optional = false;
843 
844 	req = 1;
845 	key = l;
846 
847 	if ((value = strchr(l, '=')) != NULL) {
848 		if (value > l && value[-1] == '?') {
849 			value[-1] = '\0';
850 			optional = true;
851 		}
852 		*value++ = '\0';
853 	}
854 
855 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
856 		sep[0] = '.';
857 	else
858 		sep[0] = dot[0];
859 	sep[1] = '\0';
860 
861 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
862 		if (value != NULL)
863 			value[-1] = '=';
864 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
865 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
866 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
867 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
868 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
869 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
870 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
871 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
872 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
873 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
874 				parse_describe(key);
875 			else {
876 				if (!dflag)
877 					dodesc = 1;
878 				break;
879 			}
880 		}
881 		else
882 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
883 		return;
884 	}
885 
886 	if (stale) {
887 		purge_tree(&my_root);
888 		stale = 0;
889 	}
890 	node = &my_root;
891 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
892 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
893 
894 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
895 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
896 		if (optional)
897 			return;
898 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
899 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
900 	}
901 
902 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
903 
904 	if (value == NULL) {
905 		if (dodesc)
906 			dflag = 1;
907 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
908 		if (dodesc)
909 			dflag = 0;
910 		gsname[0] = '\0';
911 		return;
912 	}
913 
914 	if (fn)
915 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
916 
917 	if (!wflag) {
918 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
919 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
920 	}
921 
922 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
923 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, re,
924 	    lastcompiled)) != NULL) {
925 		if (w->ps_w == NULL) {
926 			sysctlperror("Cannot write `%s': %s\n", gsname,
927 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
928 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
929 		}
930 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
931 			   __UNCONST(w->ps_d));
932 		gsname[0] = '\0';
933 		return;
934 	}
935 
936 	switch (type) {
937 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
938 		/*
939 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
940 		 */
941 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1, re,
942 		    lastcompiled);
943 		break;
944 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
945 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
946 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
947 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
948 		break;
949 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
950 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
951 		break;
952 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
953 		/*
954 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
955 		 */
956 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
957 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
958 		break;
959 	}
960 }
961 
962 /*
963 
964   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
965   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
966   [size=###,]
967   [n=###,]
968   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
969   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
970 
971   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
972   else.  nodes can have [rwhp], but nothing else applies.  if no
973   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
974   with [rw] being read-only and unconditionally writeable
975   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
976   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
977   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
978   specify both value and addr.
979 
980 */
981 
982 static void
983 parse_create(char *l)
984 {
985 	struct sysctlnode node;
986 	size_t sz;
987 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
988 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
989 	u_int namelen, type;
990 	u_quad_t uq;
991 	quad_t q;
992 	bool b;
993 
994 	if (!wflag) {
995 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
996 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
997 	}
998 
999 	/*
1000 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
1001 	 * node
1002 	 */
1003 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1004 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
1005 	flags = 0;
1006 	rw = -1;
1007 	type = 0;
1008 	sz = 0;
1009 	data = addr = NULL;
1010 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1011 	namelen = 0;
1012 	method = 0;
1013 
1014 	/*
1015 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
1016 	 */
1017 	i = 0;
1018 	b = false;
1019 	uq = 0;
1020 	key = NULL;
1021 	value = NULL;
1022 
1023 	/*
1024 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
1025 	 * pick it off.
1026 	 */
1027 	nname = l;
1028 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
1029 		*c++ = '\0';
1030 
1031 	while (c != NULL) {
1032 
1033 		/*
1034 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
1035 		 */
1036 		key = c;
1037 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
1038 			*t++ = '\0';
1039 			value = t;
1040 		}
1041 		else
1042 			value = NULL;
1043 
1044 		/*
1045 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
1046 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
1047 		 * the next comma.
1048 		 */
1049 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
1050 			c = NULL;
1051 			data = value;
1052 			break;
1053 		}
1054 		else if (value) {
1055 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
1056 				*c++ = '\0';
1057 		}
1058 
1059 		/*
1060 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of prog_sysctl(8)
1061 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
1062 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
1063 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
1064 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
1065 		 */
1066 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
1067 			/*
1068 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
1069 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
1070 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
1071 			 */
1072 			if (method != 0) {
1073 				sysctlperror(
1074 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1075 				    nname,
1076 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1077 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1078 			}
1079 			if (value == NULL) {
1080 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1081 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1082 			}
1083 			errno = 0;
1084 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1085 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1086 				sysctlperror(
1087 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1088 				    nname, value);
1089 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1090 			}
1091 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1092 		}
1093 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1094 			if (method != 0) {
1095 				sysctlperror(
1096 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1097 				    nname,
1098 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1099 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1100 			}
1101 			addr = value;
1102 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1103 		}
1104 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1105 			if (value == NULL) {
1106 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1107 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1108 			}
1109 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1110 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1111 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1112 				sz = sizeof(int);
1113 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1114 			}
1115 			else if (strcmp(value, "bool") == 0) {
1116 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1117 				type = CTLTYPE_BOOL;
1118 			}
1119 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1120 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1121 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1122 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1123 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1124 			}
1125 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1126 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1127 			else {
1128 				sysctlperror(
1129 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1130 					nname, value);
1131 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1132 			}
1133 		}
1134 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1135 			if (value == NULL) {
1136 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1137 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1138 			}
1139 			errno = 0;
1140 			/*
1141 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1142 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1143 			 * right?
1144 			 */
1145 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1146 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1147 				sysctlperror(
1148 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1149 					nname, value);
1150 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1151 			}
1152 		}
1153 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1154 			if (value == NULL) {
1155 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1156 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1157 			}
1158 			errno = 0;
1159 			q = strtoll(value, &t, 0);
1160 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1161 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1162 				sysctlperror(
1163 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1164 				    nname, value);
1165 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1166 			}
1167 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1168 		}
1169 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1170 			if (value == NULL) {
1171 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1172 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1173 			}
1174 			t = value;
1175 			while (*t != '\0') {
1176 				switch (*t) {
1177 				case 'a':
1178 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1179 					break;
1180 				case 'h':
1181 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1182 					break;
1183 				case 'i':
1184 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1185 					break;
1186 				case 'o':
1187 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1188 					break;
1189 				case 'p':
1190 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1191 					break;
1192 				case 'u':
1193 					flags |= CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED;
1194 					break;
1195 				case 'x':
1196 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1197 					break;
1198 
1199 				case 'r':
1200 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1201 					break;
1202 				case 'w':
1203 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1204 					break;
1205 				default:
1206 					sysctlperror(
1207 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1208 					    nname, *t);
1209 					EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1210 				}
1211 				t++;
1212 			}
1213 		}
1214 		else {
1215 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1216 				     nname, key);
1217 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1218 		}
1219 	}
1220 
1221 	/*
1222 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1223 	 * anything they didn't specify
1224 	 */
1225 	if (type == 0)
1226 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1227 
1228 	/*
1229 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1230 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1231 	 */
1232 	if (data != NULL) {
1233 		if (addr != NULL) {
1234 			sysctlperror(
1235 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1236 				"address\n", nname);
1237 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1238 		}
1239 
1240 		switch (type) {
1241 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1242 			errno = 0;
1243 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1244 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1245 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1246 				sysctlperror(
1247 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1248 				    nname, value);
1249 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1250 			}
1251 			i = (int)q;
1252 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1253 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1254 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1255 			}
1256 			else
1257 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1258 			if (sz == 0)
1259 				sz = sizeof(int);
1260 			break;
1261 		case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1262 			errno = 0;
1263 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1264 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1265 				(q != 0 && q != 1)) {
1266 				sysctlperror(
1267 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid bool\n",
1268 				    nname, value);
1269 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1270 			}
1271 			b = q == 1;
1272 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1273 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1274 				node.sysctl_idata = b;
1275 			}
1276 			else
1277 				node.sysctl_data = &b;
1278 			if (sz == 0)
1279 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1280 			break;
1281 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1282 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1283 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1284 			if (sz == 0)
1285 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1286 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1287 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1288 					"string node, too small for given "
1289 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1290 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1291 			}
1292 			break;
1293 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1294 			errno = 0;
1295 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1296 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1297 				sysctlperror(
1298 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1299 					nname, value);
1300 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1301 			}
1302 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1303 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1304 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1305 			}
1306 			else
1307 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1308 			if (sz == 0)
1309 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1310 			break;
1311 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1312 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1313 				     nname);
1314 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1315 		}
1316 
1317 		/*
1318 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1319 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1320 		 */
1321 	}
1322 
1323 	/*
1324 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1325 	 * fine.
1326 	 */
1327 	else if (addr != 0)
1328 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1329 
1330 	/*
1331 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1332 	 * manage that.
1333 	 */
1334 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1335 		if (sz == 0) {
1336 			sysctlperror(
1337 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1338 			    nname);
1339                         EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1340                 }
1341 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1342 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1343 	}
1344 
1345 	/*
1346 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1347 	 * assembled
1348 	 */
1349 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1350 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1351 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1352 			     nname,
1353 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1354 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1355 	}
1356 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1357 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1358 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1359 	}
1360 
1361 	/*
1362 	 * some types must have a particular size
1363 	 */
1364 	if (sz != 0) {
1365 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1366 		    (type == CTLTYPE_BOOL && sz != sizeof(bool)) ||
1367 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1368 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1369 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1370 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1371 		}
1372 	}
1373 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1374 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1375 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1376 	}
1377 
1378 	/*
1379 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1380 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1381 	 * else being readonly.
1382 	 */
1383 	if (rw == -1) {
1384 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1385 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1386 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1387 		else
1388 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1389 	}
1390 
1391 	/*
1392 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1393 	 * writeable by us.
1394 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1395 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1396 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1397 	}
1398 	 */
1399 
1400 	/*
1401 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1402 	 * node?
1403 	 */
1404 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1405 		sep[0] = '.';
1406 	else
1407 		sep[0] = t[0];
1408 	sep[1] = '\0';
1409 
1410 	/*
1411 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1412 	 */
1413 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1414 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1415 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1416 	if (t != NULL)
1417 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1418 	else
1419 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1420 	if (t == nname)
1421 		t = NULL;
1422 
1423 	/*
1424 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1425 	 * the mib for its parent
1426 	 */
1427 	if (t == NULL) {
1428 		namelen = 0;
1429 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1430 	}
1431 
1432 	/*
1433 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1434 	 */
1435 	else {
1436 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1437 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1438 		*t = '\0';
1439 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1440 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1441 		*t = sep[0];
1442 		if (rc == -1) {
1443 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1444 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1445 		}
1446 	}
1447 
1448 	/*
1449 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1450 	 */
1451 	if (method != 0)
1452 		name[namelen++] = method;
1453 	else
1454 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1455 
1456 	sz = sizeof(node);
1457 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1458 
1459 	if (rc == -1) {
1460 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1461 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1462 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1463 	}
1464 	else {
1465 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1466 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1467 		stale = 1;
1468 	}
1469 }
1470 
1471 static void
1472 parse_destroy(char *l)
1473 {
1474 	struct sysctlnode node;
1475 	size_t sz;
1476 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1477 	u_int namelen;
1478 
1479 	if (!wflag) {
1480 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1481 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1482 	}
1483 
1484 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1485 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1486 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1487 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1488 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1489 	if (rc == -1) {
1490 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1491 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1492 	}
1493 
1494 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1495 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1496 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1497 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1498 
1499 	sz = sizeof(node);
1500 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1501 
1502 	if (rc == -1) {
1503 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1504 			     l, strerror(errno));
1505 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1506 	}
1507 	else {
1508 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1509 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1510 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1511 		stale = 1;
1512 	}
1513 }
1514 
1515 static void
1516 parse_describe(char *l)
1517 {
1518 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1519 	char buf[1024], *value;
1520 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1521 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1522 	u_int namelen;
1523 	size_t sz;
1524 
1525 	if (!wflag) {
1526 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1527 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1528 	}
1529 
1530 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1531 	*value++ = '\0';
1532 
1533 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1534 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1535 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1536 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1537 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1538 	if (rc == -1) {
1539 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1540 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1541 	}
1542 
1543 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1544 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1545 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1546 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1547 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1548 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1549 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1550 	if (rc == -1)
1551 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1552 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1553 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1554 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1555 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1556 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1557 }
1558 
1559 /*
1560  * ********************************************************************
1561  * when things go wrong...
1562  * ********************************************************************
1563  */
1564 static void
1565 usage(void)
1566 {
1567 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1568 
1569 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1570 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1571 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1572 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1573 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1574 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1575 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1576 		      progname, "[-dneq] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1577 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1578 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1579 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1580 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1581 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1582 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1583 }
1584 
1585 static void
1586 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1587 {
1588 	struct sysctlnode node;
1589 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1590 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1591 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1592 	int rc;
1593 
1594 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1595 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1596 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1597 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1598 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1599 
1600 	if (rc == -1 ||
1601 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1602 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1603 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1604 		desc = (char *)-1;
1605 	else
1606 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1607 
1608 	if (desc == NULL)
1609 		desc = (char *)-1;
1610 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1611 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1612 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1613 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1614 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1615 		free(__UNCONST(pnode->sysctl_desc));
1616 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1617 }
1618 
1619 static void
1620 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1621 {
1622 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1623 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1624 	char *desc;
1625 	size_t i, sz, child_cnt;
1626 	int rc;
1627 
1628 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1629 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1630 
1631 	/*
1632 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1633 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1634 	 */
1635 	i = 0;
1636 	do {
1637 		d = malloc(sz);
1638 		if (d == NULL)
1639 			return;
1640 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1641 		if (rc == -1) {
1642 			free(d);
1643 			d = NULL;
1644 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1645 				i = 1;
1646 			else
1647 				return;
1648 		}
1649 	} while (d == NULL);
1650 
1651 	/*
1652 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1653 	 * suffice for now
1654 	 */
1655 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1656 	child_cnt = (pnode->sysctl_flags & CTLTYPE_NODE) ? pnode->sysctl_clen
1657 	    : 0;
1658 	for (i = 0; i < child_cnt; i++) {
1659 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1660 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1661 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1662 				break;
1663 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1664 			/*
1665 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1666 			 */
1667 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1668 				desc = NULL;
1669 			else
1670 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1671 			if (desc == NULL)
1672 				desc = (char *)-1;
1673 			else
1674 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1675 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1676 		}
1677 	}
1678 
1679 	free(d);
1680 }
1681 
1682 static void
1683 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1684 {
1685 	char *i, *o;
1686 
1687 	i = o = s;
1688 	if (dir & 1)
1689 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1690 			i++;
1691 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1692 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1693 	if (dir & 2)
1694 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1695 			*o-- = '\0';
1696 }
1697 
1698 void
1699 sysctlerror(int soft)
1700 {
1701 	if (soft) {
1702 		switch (errno) {
1703 		case ENOENT:
1704 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1705 		case ENOTDIR:
1706 		case EINVAL:
1707 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1708 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1709 			if (Aflag || req)
1710 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available "
1711 				    "(%s)\n", gsname, strerror(errno));
1712 			return;
1713 		}
1714 	}
1715 
1716 	if (Aflag || req)
1717 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", gsname, strerror(errno));
1718 	if (!soft)
1719 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1720 }
1721 
1722 void
1723 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1724 {
1725 
1726 	if (qflag) {
1727 		errs++;
1728 		return;
1729 	}
1730 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1731 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1732 }
1733 
1734 static void
1735 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1736 {
1737 	va_list ap;
1738 
1739 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1740 	if (fn)
1741 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1742 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1743 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1744 	va_end(ap);
1745 	errs++;
1746 }
1747 
1748 
1749 /*
1750  * ********************************************************************
1751  * how to write to a "simple" node
1752  * ********************************************************************
1753  */
1754 static void
1755 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1756 {
1757 	u_int ii, io;
1758 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1759 	size_t si, so;
1760 	bool bi, bo;
1761 	int rc;
1762 	void *i, *o;
1763 	char *t;
1764 
1765 	if (fn)
1766 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1767 
1768 	si = so = 0;
1769 	i = o = NULL;
1770 	bi = bo = false;
1771 	errno = 0;
1772 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1773 	if (qi == UQUAD_MAX && errno == ERANGE) {
1774 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(errno));
1775 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1776 	}
1777 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1778 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1779 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1780 	}
1781 
1782 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1783 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1784 		ii = (u_int)qi;
1785 		io = (u_int)(qi >> 32);
1786 		if (io != (u_int)-1 && io != 0) {
1787 			sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(ERANGE));
1788 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1789 		}
1790 		o = &io;
1791 		so = sizeof(io);
1792 		i = &ii;
1793 		si = sizeof(ii);
1794 		break;
1795 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1796 		bi = (bool)qi;
1797 		o = &bo;
1798 		so = sizeof(bo);
1799 		i = &bi;
1800 		si = sizeof(bi);
1801 		break;
1802 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1803 		o = &qo;
1804 		so = sizeof(qo);
1805 		i = &qi;
1806 		si = sizeof(qi);
1807 		break;
1808 	}
1809 
1810 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1811 	if (rc == -1) {
1812 		sysctlerror(0);
1813 		return;
1814 	}
1815 
1816 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1817 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1818 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1819 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1820 		break;
1821 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1822 		display_number(node, gsname, &bo, sizeof(bo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1823 		display_number(node, gsname, &bi, sizeof(bi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1824 		break;
1825 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1826 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1827 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1828 		break;
1829 	}
1830 }
1831 
1832 static void
1833 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1834 {
1835 	char *i, *o;
1836 	size_t si, so;
1837 	int rc;
1838 
1839 	i = value;
1840 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1841 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1842 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1843 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1844 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1845 	}
1846 	o = malloc(so);
1847 	if (o == NULL) {
1848 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1849 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1850 	}
1851 
1852 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1853 	if (rc == -1) {
1854 		sysctlerror(0);
1855 		return;
1856 	}
1857 
1858 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1859 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1860 	free(o);
1861 }
1862 
1863 /*
1864  * ********************************************************************
1865  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1866  * ********************************************************************
1867  */
1868 static void
1869 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1870 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1871 {
1872 	u_quad_t q;
1873 	bool b;
1874 	int i;
1875 
1876 	if (qflag)
1877 		return;
1878 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1879 		return;
1880 
1881 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1882 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1883 		return;
1884 	}
1885 
1886 	if (!nflag) {
1887 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1888 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1889 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1890 			printf("%s: ", name);
1891 	}
1892 
1893 	if (xflag > 1) {
1894 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1895 			printf("\n");
1896 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1897 		return;
1898 	}
1899 
1900 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1901 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1902 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1903 		if (xflag)
1904 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1905 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1906 			printf("%#x", i);
1907 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1908 			printf("%u", i);
1909 		else
1910 			printf("%d", i);
1911 		break;
1912 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1913 		memcpy(&b, data, sz);
1914 		if (xflag)
1915 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, b);
1916 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1917 			printf("%#x", b);
1918 		else
1919 			printf("%d", b);
1920 		break;
1921 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1922 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1923 		if (xflag)
1924 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1925 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1926 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1927 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1928 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1929 		else
1930 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1931 		break;
1932 	}
1933 
1934 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1935 		printf(" -> ");
1936 	else
1937 		printf("\n");
1938 }
1939 
1940 static void
1941 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1942 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1943 {
1944 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1945 	int ni;
1946 
1947 	if (qflag)
1948 		return;
1949 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1950 		return;
1951 
1952 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1953 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1954 		return;
1955 	}
1956 
1957 	if (!nflag) {
1958 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1959 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1960 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1961 			printf("%s: ", name);
1962 	}
1963 
1964 	if (xflag > 1) {
1965 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1966 			printf("\n");
1967 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1968 		return;
1969 	}
1970 
1971 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1972 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1973 			if (xflag)
1974 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1975 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1976 				break;
1977 			if (!xflag)
1978 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1979 		}
1980 	}
1981 	else
1982 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1983 
1984 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1985 		printf(" -> ");
1986 	else
1987 		printf("\n");
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*ARGSUSED*/
1991 static void
1992 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1993 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1994 {
1995 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1996 	int ni;
1997 	size_t more;
1998 
1999 	if (qflag)
2000 		return;
2001 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
2002 		if (Aflag || req)
2003 			sysctlperror(
2004 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
2005 			    gsname);
2006 		return;
2007 	}
2008 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
2009 		return;
2010 
2011 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
2012 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
2013 		return;
2014 	}
2015 
2016         if (!nflag) {
2017                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
2018                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
2019                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
2020                         printf("%s: ", name);
2021         }
2022 
2023 	if (xflag > 1) {
2024 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
2025 			printf("\n");
2026 		hex_dump(data, sz);
2027 		return;
2028 	}
2029 
2030 	if (sz > 16) {
2031 		more = sz - 16;
2032 		sz = 16;
2033 	}
2034 	else
2035 		more = 0;
2036 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
2037 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
2038 	if (more)
2039 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
2040 	printf("\n");
2041 }
2042 
2043 static void
2044 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
2045 {
2046 	unsigned int i;
2047 	int j;
2048 	char line[80], tmp[12];
2049 
2050 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2051 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
2052 		j = i % 16;
2053 		/* reset line */
2054 		if (j == 0) {
2055 			line[58] = '|';
2056 			line[77] = '|';
2057 			line[78] = 0;
2058 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07x", i);
2059 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
2060 		}
2061 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
2062 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
2063 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
2064 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
2065 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
2066 		/* print a full line and erase it */
2067 		if (j == 15) {
2068 			printf("%s\n", line);
2069 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2070 		}
2071 	}
2072 	if (line[0] != ' ')
2073 		printf("%s\n", line);
2074 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
2075 }
2076 
2077 /*
2078  * ********************************************************************
2079  * functions that handle particular nodes
2080  * ********************************************************************
2081  */
2082 /*ARGSUSED*/
2083 static void
2084 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
2085 {
2086 	int rc;
2087 	void *p;
2088 	size_t sz1, sz2;
2089 
2090 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
2091 		return;
2092 
2093 	/*
2094 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
2095 	 */
2096 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
2097 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
2098 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
2099 			break;
2100 		p = malloc(sz1);
2101 		if (p == NULL)
2102 			break;
2103 		sz2 = sz1;
2104 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
2105 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
2106 			free(p);
2107 			break;
2108 		}
2109 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2110 		free(p);
2111 		return;
2112 	}
2113 
2114 	/*
2115 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
2116 	 * thing?
2117 	 */
2118 	if (v != NULL) {
2119 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
2120 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
2121 		return;
2122 	}
2123 
2124 	/*
2125 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
2126 	 */
2127 	switch (name[0]) {
2128 	case CTL_NET:
2129 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
2130 			     sname);
2131 		break;
2132 	case CTL_DEBUG:
2133 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
2134 			     sname);
2135 		break;
2136 	case CTL_DDB:
2137 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
2138 			     sname);
2139 		break;
2140 	case CTL_VENDOR:
2141 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
2142 			     sname);
2143 		break;
2144 	}
2145 }
2146 
2147 /*ARGSUSED*/
2148 static void
2149 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2150 {
2151 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2152 	size_t sz;
2153 	int rc;
2154 
2155 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2156 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2157 	if (rc == -1) {
2158 		sysctlerror(1);
2159 		return;
2160 	}
2161 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2162 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2163 
2164 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2165 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2166 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2167 		return;
2168 	}
2169 	else if (!nflag)
2170 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2171 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2172 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2173 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2174 }
2175 
2176 /*ARGSUSED*/
2177 static void
2178 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2179 {
2180 	struct timeval timeval;
2181 	time_t boottime;
2182 	size_t sz;
2183 	int rc;
2184 
2185 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
2186 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
2187 	if (rc == -1) {
2188 		sysctlerror(1);
2189 		return;
2190 	}
2191 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
2192 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2193 
2194 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
2195 	if (xflag || rflag)
2196 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
2197 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2198 	else if (!nflag)
2199 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2200 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2201 	else if (nflag == 1)
2202 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
2203 	else
2204 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
2205 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
2206 }
2207 
2208 /*ARGSUSED*/
2209 static void
2210 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2211 {
2212 	dev_t cons;
2213 	size_t sz;
2214 	int rc;
2215 
2216 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2217 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2218 	if (rc == -1) {
2219 		sysctlerror(1);
2220 		return;
2221 	}
2222 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2223 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2224 
2225 	if (xflag || rflag)
2226 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2227 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2228 	else {
2229 		if (!nflag)
2230 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2231 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2232 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2233 		else
2234 			printf("0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)cons);
2235 	}
2236 }
2237 
2238 /*ARGSUSED*/
2239 static void
2240 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2241 {
2242 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2243 	size_t sz, osz;
2244 	int rc, i, n;
2245 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2246 	const char *tname;
2247 
2248 	/*
2249 	 * three things to do here.
2250 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2251 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2252 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2253 	 */
2254 
2255 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2256 		sz = sizeof(n);
2257 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2258 		if (rc != 0)
2259 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2260 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2261 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2262 	}
2263 	else {
2264 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2265 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2266 	}
2267 
2268 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2269 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2270 		sysctlerror(1);
2271 		return;
2272 	}
2273 
2274 	osz = sz;
2275 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2276 		    NULL, 0);
2277 
2278 	if (rc == -1) {
2279 		sysctlerror(1);
2280 		free(cp_time);
2281 		return;
2282 	}
2283 
2284 	/*
2285 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2286 	 */
2287 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2288 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2289 
2290 	/*
2291 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2292 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2293 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2294 	 */
2295 	if (n != -1) {
2296 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2297 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2298 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2299                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2300                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2301                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2302                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2303 		}
2304 	}
2305 
2306 	tname = sname;
2307 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2308 		if (i > 0) {
2309 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2310 				       i - 1);
2311 			tname = s;
2312 		}
2313 		if (xflag || rflag)
2314 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2315 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2316 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2317 		else {
2318 			if (!nflag)
2319 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2320 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2321 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2322 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2323 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2324 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2325 			       "\n",
2326 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2327 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2328 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2329 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2330 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2331 		}
2332 		/*
2333 		 * Just printing the one node.
2334 		 */
2335 		if (n == -1)
2336 			break;
2337 	}
2338 
2339 	free(cp_time);
2340 }
2341 
2342 /*ARGSUSED*/
2343 static void
2344 kern_drivers(HANDLER_ARGS)
2345 {
2346 	struct kinfo_drivers *kd;
2347 	size_t sz, i;
2348 	int rc;
2349 	const char *comma;
2350 
2351 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2352 	if (rc == -1) {
2353 		sysctlerror(1);
2354 		return;
2355 	}
2356 
2357 	if (sz % sizeof(*kd))
2358 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "bad size %zu for kern.drivers", sz);
2359 
2360 	kd = malloc(sz);
2361 	if (kd == NULL) {
2362 		sysctlerror(1);
2363 		return;
2364 	}
2365 
2366 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, kd, &sz, NULL, 0);
2367 	if (rc == -1) {
2368 		sysctlerror(1);
2369 		free(kd);
2370 		return;
2371 	}
2372 
2373 	comma = "";
2374 	if (!nflag)
2375 		printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2376 	for (i = 0, sz /= sizeof(*kd); i < sz; i++) {
2377 		(void)printf("%s[%d %d %s]", comma, kd[i].d_cmajor,
2378 		    kd[i].d_bmajor, kd[i].d_name);
2379 		comma = ", ";
2380 	}
2381 	(void)printf("\n");
2382 	free(kd);
2383 }
2384 
2385 /*ARGSUSED*/
2386 static void
2387 kern_cp_id(HANDLER_ARGS)
2388 {
2389 	u_int64_t *cp_id;
2390 	size_t sz, osz;
2391 	int rc, i, n;
2392 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_id.nnnnnn")];
2393 	const char *tname;
2394 	struct sysctlnode node = *pnode;
2395 
2396 	/*
2397 	 * three things to do here.
2398 	 * case 1: print a specific cpu id (namelen == 3)
2399 	 * case 2: print all cpu ids separately (Aflag set)
2400 	 * case 3: print all cpu ids on one line
2401 	 */
2402 
2403 	if (namelen == 2) {
2404 		sz = sizeof(n);
2405 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2406 		if (rc != 0)
2407 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2408 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t);
2409 	}
2410 	else {
2411 		n = -1; /* Just print one cpu id. */
2412 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t);
2413 	}
2414 
2415 	cp_id = malloc(sz);
2416 	if (cp_id == NULL) {
2417 		sysctlerror(1);
2418 		return;
2419 	}
2420 
2421 	osz = sz;
2422 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_id, &osz, NULL, 0);
2423 	if (rc == -1) {
2424 		sysctlerror(1);
2425 		free(cp_id);
2426 		return;
2427 	}
2428 
2429 	/*
2430 	 * Check that we got back what we asked for.
2431 	 */
2432 	if (osz != sz)
2433 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2434 
2435 	/* pretend for output purposes */
2436 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) |
2437 		SYSCTL_TYPE(CTLTYPE_QUAD);
2438 
2439 	tname = sname;
2440 	if (namelen == 3)
2441 		display_number(&node, tname, cp_id,
2442 			       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2443 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2444 	else if (Aflag) {
2445 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
2446 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep, i);
2447 			tname = s;
2448 			display_number(&node, tname, &cp_id[i],
2449 				       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2450 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2451 	}
2452 	else {
2453 		if (xflag || rflag)
2454 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_id, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2455 		else {
2456 			if (!nflag)
2457 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2458 			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2459 				if (i)
2460 					printf(", ");
2461 				printf("%d = %" PRIu64, i, cp_id[i]);
2462 			}
2463 			printf("\n");
2464 		}
2465 	}
2466 
2467 	free(cp_id);
2468 }
2469 
2470 /*ARGSUSED*/
2471 static void
2472 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2473 {
2474 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2475 	size_t sz;
2476 	int rc;
2477 
2478 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2479 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2480 	if (rc == -1) {
2481 		sysctlerror(1);
2482 		return;
2483 	}
2484 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2485 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2486 
2487 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2488 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2489 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2490 		return;
2491 	}
2492 	if (!nflag)
2493 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2494 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2495 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2496 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2497 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2498 }
2499 
2500 /*ARGSUSED*/
2501 static void
2502 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2503 {
2504 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2505 	size_t osz, nsz;
2506 	char *t;
2507 	int rc;
2508 
2509 	if (fn)
2510 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2511 
2512 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2513 	if (value != NULL) {
2514 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2515 		newp = &nlim;
2516 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2517 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2518 		else {
2519 			errno = 0;
2520 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2521 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2522 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2523 					     sname, value);
2524 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2525 			}
2526 		}
2527 	}
2528 	else {
2529 		nsz = 0;
2530 		newp = NULL;
2531 	}
2532 
2533 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2534 	if (rc == -1) {
2535 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2536 		return;
2537 	}
2538 
2539 	if (newp && qflag)
2540 		return;
2541 
2542 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2543 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2544 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2545 	else
2546 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2547 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2548 
2549 	if (newp) {
2550 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2551 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2552 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2553 		else
2554 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2555 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2556 	}
2557 }
2558 
2559 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2560 /*ARGSUSED*/
2561 static void
2562 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2563 {
2564 	struct disklist *dl;
2565 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2566 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2567 	int rc;
2568 	size_t sz;
2569 	uint i, b, lim;
2570 
2571 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2572 	if (rc == -1) {
2573 		sysctlerror(1);
2574 		return;
2575 	}
2576 	dl = malloc(sz);
2577 	if (dl == NULL) {
2578 		sysctlerror(1);
2579 		return;
2580 	}
2581 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2582 	if (rc == -1) {
2583 		sysctlerror(1);
2584 		return;
2585 	}
2586 
2587 	if (!nflag)
2588 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2589 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2590 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2591 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2592 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2593 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2594 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2595 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2596 		       bi->bi_flags);
2597 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2598 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2599 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2600 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2601 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2602 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2603 		return;
2604 	}
2605 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2606 		char t = ':';
2607 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2608 		       ni->ni_devname);
2609 		for (b = 0; b < (unsigned int)ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2610 			printf("%c%x", t,
2611 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2612 	}
2613 	printf("\n");
2614 	free(dl);
2615 }
2616 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2617 
2618 /*ARGSUSED*/
2619 static void
2620 mode_bits(HANDLER_ARGS)
2621 {
2622 	char buf[12], outbuf[100];
2623 	int o, m, *newp, rc;
2624 	size_t osz, nsz;
2625 	mode_t om, mm;
2626 
2627 	if (fn)
2628 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2629 
2630 	newp = NULL;
2631 	osz = sizeof(o);
2632 	if (value != NULL) {
2633 		void *foo;
2634 		int tt;
2635 		size_t ttsz = sizeof(tt);
2636 		mode_t old_umask;
2637 
2638 		nsz = sizeof(m);
2639 		newp = &m;
2640 		errno = 0;
2641 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &tt, &ttsz, NULL, 0);
2642 		if (rc == -1) {
2643 			sysctlperror("%s: failed query\n", sname);
2644 			return;
2645 		}
2646 
2647 		old_umask = umask(0);
2648 		foo = setmode(value);
2649 		umask(old_umask);
2650 		if (foo == NULL) {
2651 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2652 				     value);
2653 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2654 		}
2655 		old_umask = umask(0);
2656 		m = getmode(foo, (mode_t)tt);
2657 		umask(old_umask);
2658 		if (errno) {
2659 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2660 				     value);
2661 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2662 		}
2663 	}
2664 	else {
2665 		nsz = 0;
2666 		newp = NULL;
2667 	}
2668 
2669 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, newp, nsz);
2670 	if (rc == -1) {
2671 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2672 		return;
2673 	}
2674 
2675 	if (newp && qflag)
2676 		return;
2677 
2678 	om = (mode_t)o;
2679 	mm = (mode_t)m;
2680 
2681 	if (rflag || xflag)
2682 		display_number(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2683 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2684 	else {
2685 		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2686 		strmode(om, buf);
2687 		rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", om, buf + 1);
2688 		display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2689 	}
2690 
2691 	if (newp) {
2692 		if (rflag || xflag)
2693 			display_number(pnode, sname, &m, sizeof(m),
2694 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2695 		else {
2696 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2697 			strmode(mm, buf);
2698 			rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", mm, buf + 1);
2699 			display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, DISPLAY_NEW);
2700 		}
2701 	}
2702 }
2703 
2704 typedef __BITMAP_TYPE(, uint32_t, 0x10000) bitmap;
2705 
2706 static char *
2707 bitmask_print(const bitmap *o)
2708 {
2709 	char *s, *os;
2710 
2711 	s = os = NULL;
2712 	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAXPORTS; i++)
2713 		if (__BITMAP_ISSET(i, o)) {
2714 			int rv;
2715 
2716 			if (os)
2717 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%s,%zu", os, i);
2718 			else
2719 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%zu", i);
2720 			if (rv == -1)
2721 				err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 1", __func__);
2722 			free(os);
2723 			os = s;
2724 		}
2725 	if (s == NULL && (s = strdup("")) == NULL)
2726 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 2", __func__);
2727 	return s;
2728 }
2729 
2730 static void
2731 bitmask_scan(const void *v, bitmap *o)
2732 {
2733 	char *s = strdup(v);
2734 	if (s == NULL)
2735 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", __func__);
2736 
2737 	__BITMAP_ZERO(o);
2738 	for (s = strtok(s, ","); s; s = strtok(NULL, ",")) {
2739 		char *e;
2740 		errno = 0;
2741 		unsigned long l = strtoul(s, &e, 0);
2742 		if ((l == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE) || s == e || *e)
2743 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid port: %s", s);
2744 		if (l >= MAXPORTS)
2745 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Port out of range: %s", s);
2746 		__BITMAP_SET(l, o);
2747 	}
2748 }
2749 
2750 
2751 static void
2752 reserve(HANDLER_ARGS)
2753 {
2754 	int rc;
2755 	size_t osz, nsz;
2756 	bitmap o, n;
2757 
2758 	if (fn)
2759 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2760 
2761 	osz = sizeof(o);
2762 	if (value) {
2763 		bitmask_scan(value, &n);
2764 		value = (char *)&n;
2765 		nsz = sizeof(n);
2766 	} else
2767 		nsz = 0;
2768 
2769 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, value, nsz);
2770 	if (rc == -1) {
2771 		sysctlerror(value == NULL);
2772 		return;
2773 	}
2774 
2775 	if (value && qflag)
2776 		return;
2777 
2778 	if (rflag || xflag)
2779 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2780 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2781 	else {
2782 		char *s = bitmask_print(&o);
2783 		display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s),
2784 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2785 		free(s);
2786 	}
2787 
2788 	if (value) {
2789 		if (rflag || xflag)
2790 			display_struct(pnode, sname, &n, sizeof(n),
2791 			    DISPLAY_NEW);
2792 		else {
2793 			char *s = bitmask_print(&n);
2794 			display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s), DISPLAY_NEW);
2795 			free(s);
2796 		}
2797 	}
2798 }
2799