xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision b7b7574d3bf8eeb51a1fa3977b59142ec6434a55)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.153 2014/05/16 12:22:32 martin Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1993
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
45  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
46  *    without specific prior written permission.
47  *
48  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
49  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
50  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
51  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
52  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
53  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
54  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
55  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
56  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
57  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58  * SUCH DAMAGE.
59  */
60 
61 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
62 #ifndef lint
63 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\
64  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
65 #endif /* not lint */
66 
67 #ifndef lint
68 #if 0
69 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
70 #else
71 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.153 2014/05/16 12:22:32 martin Exp $");
72 #endif
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #include <sys/types.h>
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 #include <sys/resource.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 #include <sys/sched.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/bitops.h>
84 #include <netinet/in.h>
85 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
86 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
87 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
88 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
90 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
91 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
92 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
93 #include <machine/cpu.h>
94 
95 #include <assert.h>
96 #include <ctype.h>
97 #include <err.h>
98 #include <errno.h>
99 #include <inttypes.h>
100 #include <regex.h>
101 #include <stdarg.h>
102 #include <stdio.h>
103 #include <stdlib.h>
104 #include <string.h>
105 #include <time.h>
106 #include <unistd.h>
107 
108 #include "prog_ops.h"
109 
110 /*
111  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
112  */
113 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
114 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
115 	u_int, void *
116 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
117 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
118 	u_int type, void *v
119 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
120 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
121 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
122 
123 /*
124  * generic routines
125  */
126 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
127 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
128 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
129 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int, regex_t *,
130     size_t *);
131 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
132 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
133 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
134 			   const void *, size_t, int);
135 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
136 			   const void *, size_t, int);
137 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
138 			   const void *, size_t, int);
139 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
140 __dead static void usage(void);
141 static void parse(char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
142 static void parse_create(char *);
143 static void parse_destroy(char *);
144 static void parse_describe(char *);
145 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
146 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
148 static void sysctlerror(int);
149 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
150 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
151 #define EXIT(n) do { \
152 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
153 
154 /*
155  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
156  */
157 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
158 
159 /*
160  * "handlers"
161  */
162 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
163 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_id(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void kern_drivers(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
171 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
172 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
173 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
174 static void mode_bits(HANDLER_PROTO);
175 static void reserve(HANDLER_PROTO);
176 
177 static const struct handlespec {
178 	const char *ps_re;
179 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
180 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
181 	const void *ps_d;
182 } handlers[] = {
183 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate, NULL, NULL },
184 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
185 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
186 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
187 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
188 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
189 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
190 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime, NULL, NULL },
191 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
192 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time, NULL, NULL },
193 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
194 	{ "/kern/cp_id(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_id, NULL, NULL },
195 
196 	{ "/kern/coredump/setid/mode",		mode_bits, mode_bits, NULL },
197 	{ "/kern/drivers",			kern_drivers, NULL, NULL },
198 
199 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
200 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
201 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg, NULL, NULL },
202 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
203 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
204 
205 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
206 
207 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
208 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
209 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
210 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
211 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
212 	{ "/net/(inet|inet6)/[^/]+/stats",	printother, NULL, "netstat"},
213 	{ "/net/bpf/(stats|peers)",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
214 
215 	{ "/net/inet.*/tcp.*/deb.*",		printother, NULL, "trpt" },
216 
217 	{ "/net/inet.*/ip.*/anonportalgo/reserve", reserve, reserve, NULL },
218 
219 	{ "/net/ns/spp/deb.*",			printother, NULL, "trsp" },
220 
221 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
222 
223 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
224 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
225 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
226 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
227 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo, NULL, NULL },
228 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
229 
230 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit, NULL },
231 
232 	/*
233 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
234 	 */
235 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
236 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
237 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
238 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
239 
240 	{ NULL,					NULL, NULL, NULL },
241 };
242 
243 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
244 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
245 	.sysctl_size = sizeof(struct sysctlnode),
246 	.sysctl_num = 0,
247 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
248 };
249 
250 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
251 size_t	nr;
252 char	*fn;
253 int	req, stale, errs;
254 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
255 
256 #define MAXPORTS	0x10000
257 
258 /*
259  * vah-riables n stuff
260  */
261 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
262 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
263 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
264 char sep[] = ".";
265 const char *eq = " = ";
266 const char *lname[] = {
267 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
268 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
269 };
270 
271 /*
272  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
273  */
274 int
275 main(int argc, char *argv[])
276 {
277 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
278 	int ch;
279 	size_t lastcompiled = 0;
280 	regex_t *re;
281 
282 	setprogname(argv[0]);
283 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
284 		switch (ch) {
285 		case 'A':
286 			Aflag++;
287 			break;
288 		case 'a':
289 			aflag++;
290 			break;
291 		case 'd':
292 			dflag++;
293 			break;
294 		case 'e':
295 			eq = "=";
296 			break;
297 		case 'f':
298 			fn = optarg;
299 			wflag++;
300 			break;
301 		case 'M':
302 			Mflag++;
303 			break;
304 		case 'n':
305 			nflag++;
306 			break;
307 		case 'q':
308 			qflag++;
309 			break;
310 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
311 		case 'r':
312 			rflag++;
313 			break;
314 		case 'w':
315 			wflag++;
316 			break;
317 		case 'x':
318 			xflag++;
319 			break;
320 		default:
321 			usage();
322 		}
323 	}
324 
325 	argc -= optind;
326 	argv += optind;
327 
328 	if (xflag && rflag)
329 		usage();
330 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
331 		usage(); */
332 	/* if (aflag && (Mflag || qflag))
333 		usage(); */
334 	if ((aflag || Aflag) && qflag)
335 		usage();
336 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
337 		aflag = 1;
338 
339 	if (prog_init && prog_init() == -1)
340 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "prog init failed");
341 
342 	if (Aflag)
343 		warnfp = stdout;
344 	stale = req = 0;
345 
346 	if ((re = malloc(sizeof(*re) * __arraycount(handlers))) == NULL)
347 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc regex");
348 
349 	if (aflag) {
350 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1,
351 		    re, &lastcompiled);
352 		/* if (argc == 0) */
353 		return (0);
354 	}
355 
356 	if (fn) {
357 		FILE *fp;
358 		char *l;
359 
360 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
361 		if (fp == NULL) {
362 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", fn);
363 		} else {
364 			nr = 0;
365 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
366 			{
367 				if (*l) {
368 					parse(l, re, &lastcompiled);
369 					free(l);
370 				}
371 			}
372 			fclose(fp);
373 		}
374 		return errs ? 1 : 0;
375 	}
376 
377 	if (argc == 0)
378 		usage();
379 
380 	while (argc-- > 0)
381 		parse(*argv++, re, &lastcompiled);
382 
383 	return errs ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
384 }
385 
386 /*
387  * ********************************************************************
388  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
389  * writing) of a particular node
390  * ********************************************************************
391  */
392 static const struct handlespec *
393 findhandler(const char *s, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
394 {
395 	const struct handlespec *p;
396 	size_t i, l;
397 	int j;
398 	char eb[64];
399 	regmatch_t match;
400 
401 	p = &handlers[0];
402 	l = strlen(s);
403 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
404 		if (i >= *lastcompiled) {
405 			j = regcomp(&re[i], p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
406 			if (j != 0) {
407 				regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
408 				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
409 			}
410 			*lastcompiled = i + 1;
411 		}
412 		j = regexec(&re[i], s, 1, &match, 0);
413 		if (j == 0) {
414 			if (match.rm_so == 0 && match.rm_eo == (int)l)
415 				return &p[i];
416 		}
417 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
418 			regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
419 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
420 		}
421 	}
422 
423 	return NULL;
424 }
425 
426 /*
427  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
428  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
429  */
430 static void
431 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
432 {
433 	const char *t;
434 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
435 	int l;
436 
437 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
438 		o[0] = '/';
439 		o[1] = '\0';
440 	}
441 	else
442 		o[0] = '\0';
443 
444 	t = i;
445 	do {
446 		i = t;
447 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
448 		if (t == NULL)
449 			strcat(o, i);
450 		else {
451 			l = t - i;
452 			t++;
453 			memcpy(p, i, l);
454 			p[l] = '\0';
455 			strcat(o, p);
456 			strcat(o, "/");
457 		}
458 	} while (t != NULL);
459 }
460 
461 /*
462  * ********************************************************************
463  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
464  * mib
465  * ********************************************************************
466  */
467 static const char *
468 sf(u_int f)
469 {
470 	static char s[256];
471 	const char *c;
472 
473 	s[0] = '\0';
474 	c = "";
475 
476 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
477 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
478 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
479 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
480 		(_c) = ","; \
481 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
482 	}
483 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
484 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
485 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
486 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
487 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
488 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
489 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
490 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
491 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
492 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
493 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
494 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
495 #undef print_flag
496 
497 	if (f) {
498 		char foo[9];
499 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
500 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
501 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
502 	}
503 
504 	return (s);
505 }
506 
507 static const char *
508 st(u_int t)
509 {
510 
511 	switch (t) {
512 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
513 		return "NODE";
514 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
515 		return "INT";
516 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
517 		return "STRING";
518 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
519                 return "QUAD";
520 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
521 		return "STRUCT";
522 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
523 		return "BOOL";
524 	}
525 
526 	return "???";
527 }
528 
529 /*
530  * ********************************************************************
531  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
532  * ********************************************************************
533  */
534 static void
535 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
536 {
537 	struct sysctlnode *node;
538 
539 	if (rnode == NULL ||
540 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
541 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
542 		return;
543 
544 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
545 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
546 	     node++)
547 		purge_tree(node);
548 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
549 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
550 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
551 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
552 
553 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
554 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
555 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
556 		free(__UNCONST(rnode->sysctl_desc));
557 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
558 }
559 
560 static void __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 3, 4)))
561 appendprintf(char **bp, size_t *lbp, const char *fmt, ...)
562 {
563 	int r;
564 	va_list ap;
565 
566 	va_start(ap, fmt);
567 	r = vsnprintf(*bp, *lbp, fmt, ap);
568 	va_end(ap);
569 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r > *lbp)
570 		r = *lbp;
571 	*bp += r;
572 	*lbp -= r;
573 }
574 
575 /*
576  * ********************************************************************
577  * print this node and any others underneath it
578  * ********************************************************************
579  */
580 static void
581 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
582    int add, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
583 {
584 	struct sysctlnode *node;
585 	int rc;
586 	size_t ni, sz, ldp, lsp;
587 	char *sp, *dp, *tsp, *tdp;
588 	const struct handlespec *p;
589 
590 	sp = tsp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
591 	dp = tdp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
592 	ldp = sizeof(gdname) - (dp - gdname);
593 	lsp = sizeof(gsname) - (sp - gsname);
594 
595 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
596 		/*
597 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
598 		 */
599 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++)
600 			appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", ni > 0 ? "." : "",
601 			    name[ni]);
602 	}
603 
604 	if (pnode == NULL)
605 		pnode = &my_root;
606 	else if (add) {
607 		appendprintf(&tsp, &lsp, "%s%s", namelen > 1 ? sep : "",
608 			pnode->sysctl_name);
609 		appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", namelen > 1 ? "." : "",
610 			pnode->sysctl_num);
611 	}
612 
613 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
614 		if (nflag)
615 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
616 		else
617 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
618 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
619 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
620 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
621 				printf(", alias %d",
622 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
623 			else
624 				printf(", children %d/%d",
625 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
626 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
627 		}
628 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
629 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
630 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
631 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
632 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
633 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
634 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
635 		printf("\n");
636 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
637 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
638 			return;
639 		}
640 	}
641 
642 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
643 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
644 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
645 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
646 			if (Aflag || !add ||
647 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
648 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
649 				if (!nflag)
650 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
651 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
652 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
653 					printf("(no description)\n");
654 				else
655 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
656 			}
657 		}
658 
659 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
660 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
661 			return;
662 		}
663 	}
664 
665 	/*
666 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
667 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
668 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
669 	 * name specifically.
670 	 */
671 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
672 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
673 		return;
674 	}
675 
676 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
677 	p = findhandler(canonname, re, lastcompiled);
678 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
679 		if (p->ps_p == NULL) {
680 			sysctlperror("Cannot print `%s': %s\n", gsname,
681 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
682 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
683 		}
684 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
685 			   __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
686 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
687 		return;
688 	}
689 
690 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
691 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
692 		if (rc == -1) {
693 			sysctlerror(1);
694 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
695 			return;
696 		}
697 		if (sz == 0) {
698 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
699 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
700 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
701 			return;
702 		}
703 	}
704 	else
705 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
706 
707 	switch (type) {
708 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
709 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
710 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
711 		if (node == NULL) {
712 			if (dflag)
713 				/* do nothing */;
714 			else if (p != NULL)
715 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
716 					   pnode, type, __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
717 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
718 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
719 		}
720 		else {
721 			if (dflag)
722 				/*
723 				 * get all descriptions for next level
724 				 * in one chunk
725 				 */
726 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
727 			req = 0;
728 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
729 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
730 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
731 				    !(Aflag || req))
732 					continue;
733 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
734 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
735 					   1, re, lastcompiled);
736 			}
737 		}
738 		break;
739 	}
740 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
741 		int i;
742 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
743 		if (rc == -1) {
744 			sysctlerror(1);
745 			break;
746 		}
747 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
748 		break;
749 	}
750 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL: {
751 		bool b;
752 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &b, &sz, NULL, 0);
753 		if (rc == -1) {
754 			sysctlerror(1);
755 			break;
756 		}
757 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &b, sizeof(b), DISPLAY_VALUE);
758 		break;
759 	}
760 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
761 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
762 		tbuf = buf;
763 		sz = sizeof(buf);
764 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
765 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
766 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
767 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
768 				sysctlerror(1);
769 				break;
770 			}
771 			rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
772 		}
773 		if (rc == -1)
774 			sysctlerror(1);
775 		else
776 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
777 		if (tbuf != buf)
778 			free(tbuf);
779 		break;
780 	}
781 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
782 		u_quad_t q;
783 		sz = sizeof(q);
784 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
785 		if (rc == -1) {
786 			sysctlerror(1);
787 			break;
788 		}
789 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
790 		break;
791 	}
792 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
793 		/*
794 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
795 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
796 		 * do other than completely ignore the
797 		 * request.
798 		 */
799 		unsigned char *d;
800 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
801 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
802 			break;
803 		}
804 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
805 		if (rc == -1) {
806 			sysctlerror(1);
807 			break;
808 		}
809 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
810 		free(d);
811 		break;
812 	}
813 	default:
814 		/* should i print an error here? */
815 		break;
816 	}
817 
818 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
819 }
820 
821 /*
822  * ********************************************************************
823  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
824  * request
825  * ********************************************************************
826  */
827 static void
828 parse(char *l, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
829 {
830 	struct sysctlnode *node;
831 	const struct handlespec *w;
832 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
833 	u_int namelen, type;
834 	char *key, *value, *dot;
835 	size_t sz;
836 	bool optional = false;
837 
838 	req = 1;
839 	key = l;
840 
841 	if ((value = strchr(l, '=')) != NULL) {
842 		if (value > l && value[-1] == '?') {
843 			value[-1] = '\0';
844 			optional = true;
845 		}
846 		*value++ = '\0';
847 	}
848 
849 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
850 		sep[0] = '.';
851 	else
852 		sep[0] = dot[0];
853 	sep[1] = '\0';
854 
855 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
856 		if (value != NULL)
857 			value[-1] = '=';
858 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
859 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
860 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
861 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
862 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
863 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
864 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
865 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
866 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
867 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
868 				parse_describe(key);
869 			else {
870 				if (!dflag)
871 					dodesc = 1;
872 				break;
873 			}
874 		}
875 		else
876 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
877 		return;
878 	}
879 
880 	if (stale) {
881 		purge_tree(&my_root);
882 		stale = 0;
883 	}
884 	node = &my_root;
885 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
886 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
887 
888 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
889 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
890 		if (optional)
891 			return;
892 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
893 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
894 	}
895 
896 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
897 
898 	if (value == NULL) {
899 		if (dodesc)
900 			dflag = 1;
901 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
902 		if (dodesc)
903 			dflag = 0;
904 		gsname[0] = '\0';
905 		return;
906 	}
907 
908 	if (fn)
909 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
910 
911 	if (!wflag) {
912 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
913 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
914 	}
915 
916 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
917 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, re,
918 	    lastcompiled)) != NULL) {
919 		if (w->ps_w == NULL) {
920 			sysctlperror("Cannot write `%s': %s\n", gsname,
921 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
922 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
923 		}
924 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
925 			   __UNCONST(w->ps_d));
926 		gsname[0] = '\0';
927 		return;
928 	}
929 
930 	switch (type) {
931 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
932 		/*
933 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
934 		 */
935 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1, re,
936 		    lastcompiled);
937 		break;
938 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
939 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
940 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
941 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
942 		break;
943 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
944 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
945 		break;
946 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
947 		/*
948 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
949 		 */
950 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
951 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
952 		break;
953 	}
954 }
955 
956 /*
957 
958   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
959   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
960   [size=###,]
961   [n=###,]
962   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
963   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
964 
965   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
966   else.  nodes can have [rwhp], but nothing else applies.  if no
967   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
968   with [rw] being read-only and unconditionally writeable
969   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
970   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
971   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
972   specify both value and addr.
973 
974 */
975 
976 static void
977 parse_create(char *l)
978 {
979 	struct sysctlnode node;
980 	size_t sz;
981 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
982 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
983 	u_int namelen, type;
984 	u_quad_t uq;
985 	quad_t q;
986 	bool b;
987 
988 	if (!wflag) {
989 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
990 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
991 	}
992 
993 	/*
994 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
995 	 * node
996 	 */
997 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
998 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
999 	flags = 0;
1000 	rw = -1;
1001 	type = 0;
1002 	sz = 0;
1003 	data = addr = NULL;
1004 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1005 	namelen = 0;
1006 	method = 0;
1007 
1008 	/*
1009 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
1010 	 */
1011 	i = 0;
1012 	b = false;
1013 	uq = 0;
1014 	key = NULL;
1015 	value = NULL;
1016 
1017 	/*
1018 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
1019 	 * pick it off.
1020 	 */
1021 	nname = l;
1022 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
1023 		*c++ = '\0';
1024 
1025 	while (c != NULL) {
1026 
1027 		/*
1028 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
1029 		 */
1030 		key = c;
1031 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
1032 			*t++ = '\0';
1033 			value = t;
1034 		}
1035 		else
1036 			value = NULL;
1037 
1038 		/*
1039 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
1040 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
1041 		 * the next comma.
1042 		 */
1043 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
1044 			c = NULL;
1045 			data = value;
1046 			break;
1047 		}
1048 		else if (value) {
1049 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
1050 				*c++ = '\0';
1051 		}
1052 
1053 		/*
1054 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of prog_sysctl(8)
1055 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
1056 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
1057 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
1058 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
1059 		 */
1060 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
1061 			/*
1062 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
1063 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
1064 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
1065 			 */
1066 			if (method != 0) {
1067 				sysctlperror(
1068 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1069 				    nname,
1070 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1071 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1072 			}
1073 			if (value == NULL) {
1074 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1075 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1076 			}
1077 			errno = 0;
1078 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1079 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1080 				sysctlperror(
1081 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1082 				    nname, value);
1083 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1084 			}
1085 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1086 		}
1087 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1088 			if (method != 0) {
1089 				sysctlperror(
1090 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1091 				    nname,
1092 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1093 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1094 			}
1095 			addr = value;
1096 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1097 		}
1098 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1099 			if (value == NULL) {
1100 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1101 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1102 			}
1103 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1104 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1105 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1106 				sz = sizeof(int);
1107 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1108 			}
1109 			else if (strcmp(value, "bool") == 0) {
1110 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1111 				type = CTLTYPE_BOOL;
1112 			}
1113 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1114 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1115 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1116 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1117 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1118 			}
1119 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1120 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1121 			else {
1122 				sysctlperror(
1123 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1124 					nname, value);
1125 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1126 			}
1127 		}
1128 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1129 			if (value == NULL) {
1130 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1131 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1132 			}
1133 			errno = 0;
1134 			/*
1135 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1136 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1137 			 * right?
1138 			 */
1139 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1140 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1141 				sysctlperror(
1142 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1143 					nname, value);
1144 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1145 			}
1146 		}
1147 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1148 			if (value == NULL) {
1149 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1150 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1151 			}
1152 			errno = 0;
1153 			q = strtoll(value, &t, 0);
1154 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1155 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1156 				sysctlperror(
1157 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1158 				    nname, value);
1159 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1160 			}
1161 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1162 		}
1163 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1164 			if (value == NULL) {
1165 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1166 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1167 			}
1168 			t = value;
1169 			while (*t != '\0') {
1170 				switch (*t) {
1171 				case 'a':
1172 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1173 					break;
1174 				case 'h':
1175 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1176 					break;
1177 				case 'i':
1178 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1179 					break;
1180 				case 'o':
1181 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1182 					break;
1183 				case 'p':
1184 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1185 					break;
1186 				case 'u':
1187 					flags |= CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED;
1188 					break;
1189 				case 'x':
1190 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1191 					break;
1192 
1193 				case 'r':
1194 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1195 					break;
1196 				case 'w':
1197 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1198 					break;
1199 				default:
1200 					sysctlperror(
1201 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1202 					    nname, *t);
1203 					EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1204 				}
1205 				t++;
1206 			}
1207 		}
1208 		else {
1209 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1210 				     nname, key);
1211 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1212 		}
1213 	}
1214 
1215 	/*
1216 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1217 	 * anything they didn't specify
1218 	 */
1219 	if (type == 0)
1220 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1221 
1222 	/*
1223 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1224 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1225 	 */
1226 	if (data != NULL) {
1227 		if (addr != NULL) {
1228 			sysctlperror(
1229 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1230 				"address\n", nname);
1231 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1232 		}
1233 
1234 		switch (type) {
1235 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1236 			errno = 0;
1237 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1238 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1239 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1240 				sysctlperror(
1241 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1242 				    nname, value);
1243 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1244 			}
1245 			i = (int)q;
1246 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1247 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1248 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1249 			}
1250 			else
1251 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1252 			if (sz == 0)
1253 				sz = sizeof(int);
1254 			break;
1255 		case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1256 			errno = 0;
1257 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1258 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1259 				(q != 0 && q != 1)) {
1260 				sysctlperror(
1261 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid bool\n",
1262 				    nname, value);
1263 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1264 			}
1265 			b = q == 1;
1266 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1267 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1268 				node.sysctl_idata = b;
1269 			}
1270 			else
1271 				node.sysctl_data = &b;
1272 			if (sz == 0)
1273 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1274 			break;
1275 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1276 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1277 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1278 			if (sz == 0)
1279 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1280 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1281 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1282 					"string node, too small for given "
1283 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1284 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1285 			}
1286 			break;
1287 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1288 			errno = 0;
1289 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1290 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1291 				sysctlperror(
1292 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1293 					nname, value);
1294 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1295 			}
1296 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1297 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1298 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1299 			}
1300 			else
1301 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1302 			if (sz == 0)
1303 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1304 			break;
1305 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1306 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1307 				     nname);
1308 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1309 		}
1310 
1311 		/*
1312 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1313 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1314 		 */
1315 	}
1316 
1317 	/*
1318 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1319 	 * fine.
1320 	 */
1321 	else if (addr != 0)
1322 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1323 
1324 	/*
1325 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1326 	 * manage that.
1327 	 */
1328 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1329 		if (sz == 0) {
1330 			sysctlperror(
1331 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1332 			    nname);
1333                         EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1334                 }
1335 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1336 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1337 	}
1338 
1339 	/*
1340 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1341 	 * assembled
1342 	 */
1343 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1344 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1345 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1346 			     nname,
1347 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1348 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1349 	}
1350 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1351 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1352 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1353 	}
1354 
1355 	/*
1356 	 * some types must have a particular size
1357 	 */
1358 	if (sz != 0) {
1359 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1360 		    (type == CTLTYPE_BOOL && sz != sizeof(bool)) ||
1361 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1362 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1363 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1364 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1365 		}
1366 	}
1367 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1368 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1369 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1370 	}
1371 
1372 	/*
1373 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1374 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1375 	 * else being readonly.
1376 	 */
1377 	if (rw == -1) {
1378 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1379 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1380 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1381 		else
1382 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1383 	}
1384 
1385 	/*
1386 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1387 	 * writeable by us.
1388 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1389 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1390 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1391 	}
1392 	 */
1393 
1394 	/*
1395 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1396 	 * node?
1397 	 */
1398 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1399 		sep[0] = '.';
1400 	else
1401 		sep[0] = t[0];
1402 	sep[1] = '\0';
1403 
1404 	/*
1405 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1406 	 */
1407 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1408 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1409 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1410 	if (t != NULL)
1411 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1412 	else
1413 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1414 	if (t == nname)
1415 		t = NULL;
1416 
1417 	/*
1418 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1419 	 * the mib for its parent
1420 	 */
1421 	if (t == NULL) {
1422 		namelen = 0;
1423 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1424 	}
1425 
1426 	/*
1427 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1428 	 */
1429 	else {
1430 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1431 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1432 		*t = '\0';
1433 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1434 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1435 		*t = sep[0];
1436 		if (rc == -1) {
1437 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1438 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1439 		}
1440 	}
1441 
1442 	/*
1443 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1444 	 */
1445 	if (method != 0)
1446 		name[namelen++] = method;
1447 	else
1448 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1449 
1450 	sz = sizeof(node);
1451 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1452 
1453 	if (rc == -1) {
1454 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1455 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1456 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1457 	}
1458 	else {
1459 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1460 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1461 		stale = 1;
1462 	}
1463 }
1464 
1465 static void
1466 parse_destroy(char *l)
1467 {
1468 	struct sysctlnode node;
1469 	size_t sz;
1470 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1471 	u_int namelen;
1472 
1473 	if (!wflag) {
1474 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1475 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1476 	}
1477 
1478 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1479 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1480 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1481 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1482 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1483 	if (rc == -1) {
1484 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1485 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1486 	}
1487 
1488 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1489 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1490 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1491 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1492 
1493 	sz = sizeof(node);
1494 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1495 
1496 	if (rc == -1) {
1497 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1498 			     l, strerror(errno));
1499 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1500 	}
1501 	else {
1502 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1503 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1504 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1505 		stale = 1;
1506 	}
1507 }
1508 
1509 static void
1510 parse_describe(char *l)
1511 {
1512 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1513 	char buf[1024], *value;
1514 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1515 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1516 	u_int namelen;
1517 	size_t sz;
1518 
1519 	if (!wflag) {
1520 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1521 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1522 	}
1523 
1524 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1525 	*value++ = '\0';
1526 
1527 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1528 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1529 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1530 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1531 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1532 	if (rc == -1) {
1533 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1534 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1535 	}
1536 
1537 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1538 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1539 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1540 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1541 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1542 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1543 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1544 	if (rc == -1)
1545 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1546 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1547 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1548 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1549 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1550 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1551 }
1552 
1553 /*
1554  * ********************************************************************
1555  * when things go wrong...
1556  * ********************************************************************
1557  */
1558 static void
1559 usage(void)
1560 {
1561 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1562 
1563 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1564 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1565 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1566 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1567 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1568 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1569 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1570 		      progname, "[-dneq] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1571 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1572 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1573 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1574 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1575 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1576 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1577 }
1578 
1579 static void
1580 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1581 {
1582 	struct sysctlnode node;
1583 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1584 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1585 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1586 	int rc;
1587 
1588 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1589 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1590 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1591 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1592 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1593 
1594 	if (rc == -1 ||
1595 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1596 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1597 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1598 		desc = (char *)-1;
1599 	else
1600 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1601 
1602 	if (desc == NULL)
1603 		desc = (char *)-1;
1604 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1605 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1606 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1607 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1608 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1609 		free(__UNCONST(pnode->sysctl_desc));
1610 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1611 }
1612 
1613 static void
1614 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1615 {
1616 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1617 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1618 	char *desc;
1619 	size_t i, sz, child_cnt;
1620 	int rc;
1621 
1622 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1623 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1624 
1625 	/*
1626 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1627 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1628 	 */
1629 	i = 0;
1630 	do {
1631 		d = malloc(sz);
1632 		if (d == NULL)
1633 			return;
1634 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1635 		if (rc == -1) {
1636 			free(d);
1637 			d = NULL;
1638 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1639 				i = 1;
1640 			else
1641 				return;
1642 		}
1643 	} while (d == NULL);
1644 
1645 	/*
1646 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1647 	 * suffice for now
1648 	 */
1649 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1650 	child_cnt = (pnode->sysctl_flags & CTLTYPE_NODE) ? pnode->sysctl_clen
1651 	    : 0;
1652 	for (i = 0; i < child_cnt; i++) {
1653 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1654 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1655 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1656 				break;
1657 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1658 			/*
1659 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1660 			 */
1661 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1662 				desc = NULL;
1663 			else
1664 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1665 			if (desc == NULL)
1666 				desc = (char *)-1;
1667 			else
1668 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1669 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1670 		}
1671 	}
1672 
1673 	free(d);
1674 }
1675 
1676 static void
1677 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1678 {
1679 	char *i, *o;
1680 
1681 	i = o = s;
1682 	if (dir & 1)
1683 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1684 			i++;
1685 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1686 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1687 	if (dir & 2)
1688 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1689 			*o-- = '\0';
1690 }
1691 
1692 void
1693 sysctlerror(int soft)
1694 {
1695 	if (soft) {
1696 		switch (errno) {
1697 		case ENOENT:
1698 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1699 		case ENOTDIR:
1700 		case EINVAL:
1701 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1702 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1703 			if (Aflag || req)
1704 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available\n",
1705 					     gsname);
1706 			return;
1707 		}
1708 	}
1709 
1710 	if (Aflag || req)
1711 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", gsname, strerror(errno));
1712 	if (!soft)
1713 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1714 }
1715 
1716 void
1717 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1718 {
1719 
1720 	if (qflag) {
1721 		errs++;
1722 		return;
1723 	}
1724 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1725 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1726 }
1727 
1728 static void
1729 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1730 {
1731 	va_list ap;
1732 
1733 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1734 	if (fn)
1735 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1736 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1737 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1738 	va_end(ap);
1739 	errs++;
1740 }
1741 
1742 
1743 /*
1744  * ********************************************************************
1745  * how to write to a "simple" node
1746  * ********************************************************************
1747  */
1748 static void
1749 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1750 {
1751 	u_int ii, io;
1752 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1753 	size_t si, so;
1754 	bool bi, bo;
1755 	int rc;
1756 	void *i, *o;
1757 	char *t;
1758 
1759 	if (fn)
1760 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1761 
1762 	si = so = 0;
1763 	i = o = NULL;
1764 	bi = bo = false;
1765 	errno = 0;
1766 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1767 	if (qi == UQUAD_MAX && errno == ERANGE) {
1768 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(errno));
1769 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1770 	}
1771 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1772 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1773 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1774 	}
1775 
1776 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1777 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1778 		ii = (u_int)qi;
1779 		io = (u_int)(qi >> 32);
1780 		if (io != (u_int)-1 && io != 0) {
1781 			sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(ERANGE));
1782 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1783 		}
1784 		o = &io;
1785 		so = sizeof(io);
1786 		i = &ii;
1787 		si = sizeof(ii);
1788 		break;
1789 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1790 		bi = (bool)qi;
1791 		o = &bo;
1792 		so = sizeof(bo);
1793 		i = &bi;
1794 		si = sizeof(bi);
1795 		break;
1796 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1797 		o = &qo;
1798 		so = sizeof(qo);
1799 		i = &qi;
1800 		si = sizeof(qi);
1801 		break;
1802 	}
1803 
1804 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1805 	if (rc == -1) {
1806 		sysctlerror(0);
1807 		return;
1808 	}
1809 
1810 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1811 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1812 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1813 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1814 		break;
1815 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1816 		display_number(node, gsname, &bo, sizeof(bo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1817 		display_number(node, gsname, &bi, sizeof(bi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1818 		break;
1819 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1820 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1821 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1822 		break;
1823 	}
1824 }
1825 
1826 static void
1827 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1828 {
1829 	char *i, *o;
1830 	size_t si, so;
1831 	int rc;
1832 
1833 	i = value;
1834 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1835 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1836 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1837 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1838 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1839 	}
1840 	o = malloc(so);
1841 	if (o == NULL) {
1842 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1843 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1844 	}
1845 
1846 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1847 	if (rc == -1) {
1848 		sysctlerror(0);
1849 		return;
1850 	}
1851 
1852 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1853 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1854 	free(o);
1855 }
1856 
1857 /*
1858  * ********************************************************************
1859  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1860  * ********************************************************************
1861  */
1862 static void
1863 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1864 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1865 {
1866 	u_quad_t q;
1867 	bool b;
1868 	int i;
1869 
1870 	if (qflag)
1871 		return;
1872 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1873 		return;
1874 
1875 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1876 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1877 		return;
1878 	}
1879 
1880 	if (!nflag) {
1881 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1882 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1883 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1884 			printf("%s: ", name);
1885 	}
1886 
1887 	if (xflag > 1) {
1888 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1889 			printf("\n");
1890 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1891 		return;
1892 	}
1893 
1894 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1895 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1896 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1897 		if (xflag)
1898 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1899 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1900 			printf("%#x", i);
1901 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1902 			printf("%u", i);
1903 		else
1904 			printf("%d", i);
1905 		break;
1906 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1907 		memcpy(&b, data, sz);
1908 		if (xflag)
1909 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, b);
1910 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1911 			printf("%#x", b);
1912 		else
1913 			printf("%d", b);
1914 		break;
1915 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1916 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1917 		if (xflag)
1918 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1919 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1920 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1921 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1922 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1923 		else
1924 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1925 		break;
1926 	}
1927 
1928 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1929 		printf(" -> ");
1930 	else
1931 		printf("\n");
1932 }
1933 
1934 static void
1935 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1936 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1937 {
1938 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1939 	int ni;
1940 
1941 	if (qflag)
1942 		return;
1943 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1944 		return;
1945 
1946 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1947 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1948 		return;
1949 	}
1950 
1951 	if (!nflag) {
1952 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1953 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1954 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1955 			printf("%s: ", name);
1956 	}
1957 
1958 	if (xflag > 1) {
1959 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1960 			printf("\n");
1961 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1962 		return;
1963 	}
1964 
1965 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1966 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1967 			if (xflag)
1968 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1969 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1970 				break;
1971 			if (!xflag)
1972 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1973 		}
1974 	}
1975 	else
1976 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1977 
1978 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1979 		printf(" -> ");
1980 	else
1981 		printf("\n");
1982 }
1983 
1984 /*ARGSUSED*/
1985 static void
1986 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1987 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1988 {
1989 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1990 	int ni;
1991 	size_t more;
1992 
1993 	if (qflag)
1994 		return;
1995 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
1996 		if (Aflag || req)
1997 			sysctlperror(
1998 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
1999 			    gsname);
2000 		return;
2001 	}
2002 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
2003 		return;
2004 
2005 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
2006 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
2007 		return;
2008 	}
2009 
2010         if (!nflag) {
2011                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
2012                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
2013                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
2014                         printf("%s: ", name);
2015         }
2016 
2017 	if (xflag > 1) {
2018 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
2019 			printf("\n");
2020 		hex_dump(data, sz);
2021 		return;
2022 	}
2023 
2024 	if (sz > 16) {
2025 		more = sz - 16;
2026 		sz = 16;
2027 	}
2028 	else
2029 		more = 0;
2030 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
2031 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
2032 	if (more)
2033 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
2034 	printf("\n");
2035 }
2036 
2037 static void
2038 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
2039 {
2040 	unsigned int i;
2041 	int j;
2042 	char line[80], tmp[12];
2043 
2044 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2045 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
2046 		j = i % 16;
2047 		/* reset line */
2048 		if (j == 0) {
2049 			line[58] = '|';
2050 			line[77] = '|';
2051 			line[78] = 0;
2052 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07x", i);
2053 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
2054 		}
2055 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
2056 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
2057 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
2058 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
2059 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
2060 		/* print a full line and erase it */
2061 		if (j == 15) {
2062 			printf("%s\n", line);
2063 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2064 		}
2065 	}
2066 	if (line[0] != ' ')
2067 		printf("%s\n", line);
2068 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
2069 }
2070 
2071 /*
2072  * ********************************************************************
2073  * functions that handle particular nodes
2074  * ********************************************************************
2075  */
2076 /*ARGSUSED*/
2077 static void
2078 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
2079 {
2080 	int rc;
2081 	void *p;
2082 	size_t sz1, sz2;
2083 
2084 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
2085 		return;
2086 
2087 	/*
2088 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
2089 	 */
2090 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
2091 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
2092 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
2093 			break;
2094 		p = malloc(sz1);
2095 		if (p == NULL)
2096 			break;
2097 		sz2 = sz1;
2098 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
2099 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
2100 			free(p);
2101 			break;
2102 		}
2103 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2104 		free(p);
2105 		return;
2106 	}
2107 
2108 	/*
2109 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
2110 	 * thing?
2111 	 */
2112 	if (v != NULL) {
2113 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
2114 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
2115 		return;
2116 	}
2117 
2118 	/*
2119 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
2120 	 */
2121 	switch (name[0]) {
2122 	case CTL_NET:
2123 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
2124 			     sname);
2125 		break;
2126 	case CTL_DEBUG:
2127 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
2128 			     sname);
2129 		break;
2130 	case CTL_DDB:
2131 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
2132 			     sname);
2133 		break;
2134 	case CTL_VENDOR:
2135 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
2136 			     sname);
2137 		break;
2138 	}
2139 }
2140 
2141 /*ARGSUSED*/
2142 static void
2143 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2144 {
2145 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2146 	size_t sz;
2147 	int rc;
2148 
2149 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2150 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2151 	if (rc == -1) {
2152 		sysctlerror(1);
2153 		return;
2154 	}
2155 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2156 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2157 
2158 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2159 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2160 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2161 		return;
2162 	}
2163 	else if (!nflag)
2164 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2165 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2166 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2167 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2168 }
2169 
2170 /*ARGSUSED*/
2171 static void
2172 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2173 {
2174 	struct timeval timeval;
2175 	time_t boottime;
2176 	size_t sz;
2177 	int rc;
2178 
2179 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
2180 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
2181 	if (rc == -1) {
2182 		sysctlerror(1);
2183 		return;
2184 	}
2185 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
2186 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2187 
2188 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
2189 	if (xflag || rflag)
2190 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
2191 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2192 	else if (!nflag)
2193 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2194 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2195 	else if (nflag == 1)
2196 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
2197 	else
2198 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
2199 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
2200 }
2201 
2202 /*ARGSUSED*/
2203 static void
2204 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2205 {
2206 	dev_t cons;
2207 	size_t sz;
2208 	int rc;
2209 
2210 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2211 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2212 	if (rc == -1) {
2213 		sysctlerror(1);
2214 		return;
2215 	}
2216 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2217 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2218 
2219 	if (xflag || rflag)
2220 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2221 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2222 	else {
2223 		if (!nflag)
2224 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2225 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2226 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2227 		else
2228 			printf("0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)cons);
2229 	}
2230 }
2231 
2232 /*ARGSUSED*/
2233 static void
2234 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2235 {
2236 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2237 	size_t sz, osz;
2238 	int rc, i, n;
2239 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2240 	const char *tname;
2241 
2242 	/*
2243 	 * three things to do here.
2244 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2245 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2246 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2247 	 */
2248 
2249 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2250 		sz = sizeof(n);
2251 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2252 		if (rc != 0)
2253 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2254 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2255 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2256 	}
2257 	else {
2258 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2259 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2260 	}
2261 
2262 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2263 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2264 		sysctlerror(1);
2265 		return;
2266 	}
2267 
2268 	osz = sz;
2269 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2270 		    NULL, 0);
2271 
2272 	if (rc == -1) {
2273 		sysctlerror(1);
2274 		free(cp_time);
2275 		return;
2276 	}
2277 
2278 	/*
2279 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2280 	 */
2281 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2282 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2283 
2284 	/*
2285 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2286 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2287 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2288 	 */
2289 	if (n != -1) {
2290 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2291 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2292 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2293                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2294                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2295                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2296                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2297 		}
2298 	}
2299 
2300 	tname = sname;
2301 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2302 		if (i > 0) {
2303 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2304 				       i - 1);
2305 			tname = s;
2306 		}
2307 		if (xflag || rflag)
2308 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2309 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2310 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2311 		else {
2312 			if (!nflag)
2313 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2314 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2315 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2316 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2317 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2318 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2319 			       "\n",
2320 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2321 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2322 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2323 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2324 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2325 		}
2326 		/*
2327 		 * Just printing the one node.
2328 		 */
2329 		if (n == -1)
2330 			break;
2331 	}
2332 
2333 	free(cp_time);
2334 }
2335 
2336 /*ARGSUSED*/
2337 static void
2338 kern_drivers(HANDLER_ARGS)
2339 {
2340 	struct kinfo_drivers *kd;
2341 	size_t sz, i;
2342 	int rc;
2343 	const char *comma;
2344 
2345 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2346 	if (rc == -1) {
2347 		sysctlerror(1);
2348 		return;
2349 	}
2350 
2351 	if (sz % sizeof(*kd))
2352 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "bad size %zu for kern.drivers", sz);
2353 
2354 	kd = malloc(sz);
2355 	if (kd == NULL) {
2356 		sysctlerror(1);
2357 		return;
2358 	}
2359 
2360 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, kd, &sz, NULL, 0);
2361 	if (rc == -1) {
2362 		sysctlerror(1);
2363 		free(kd);
2364 		return;
2365 	}
2366 
2367 	comma = "";
2368 	if (!nflag)
2369 		printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2370 	for (i = 0, sz /= sizeof(*kd); i < sz; i++) {
2371 		(void)printf("%s[%d %d %s]", comma, kd[i].d_cmajor,
2372 		    kd[i].d_bmajor, kd[i].d_name);
2373 		comma = ", ";
2374 	}
2375 	(void)printf("\n");
2376 	free(kd);
2377 }
2378 
2379 /*ARGSUSED*/
2380 static void
2381 kern_cp_id(HANDLER_ARGS)
2382 {
2383 	u_int64_t *cp_id;
2384 	size_t sz, osz;
2385 	int rc, i, n;
2386 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_id.nnnnnn")];
2387 	const char *tname;
2388 	struct sysctlnode node = *pnode;
2389 
2390 	/*
2391 	 * three things to do here.
2392 	 * case 1: print a specific cpu id (namelen == 3)
2393 	 * case 2: print all cpu ids separately (Aflag set)
2394 	 * case 3: print all cpu ids on one line
2395 	 */
2396 
2397 	if (namelen == 2) {
2398 		sz = sizeof(n);
2399 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2400 		if (rc != 0)
2401 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2402 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t);
2403 	}
2404 	else {
2405 		n = -1; /* Just print one cpu id. */
2406 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t);
2407 	}
2408 
2409 	cp_id = malloc(sz);
2410 	if (cp_id == NULL) {
2411 		sysctlerror(1);
2412 		return;
2413 	}
2414 
2415 	osz = sz;
2416 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_id, &osz, NULL, 0);
2417 	if (rc == -1) {
2418 		sysctlerror(1);
2419 		free(cp_id);
2420 		return;
2421 	}
2422 
2423 	/*
2424 	 * Check that we got back what we asked for.
2425 	 */
2426 	if (osz != sz)
2427 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2428 
2429 	/* pretend for output purposes */
2430 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) |
2431 		SYSCTL_TYPE(CTLTYPE_QUAD);
2432 
2433 	tname = sname;
2434 	if (namelen == 3)
2435 		display_number(&node, tname, cp_id,
2436 			       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2437 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2438 	else if (Aflag) {
2439 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
2440 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep, i);
2441 			tname = s;
2442 			display_number(&node, tname, &cp_id[i],
2443 				       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2444 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2445 	}
2446 	else {
2447 		if (xflag || rflag)
2448 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_id, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2449 		else {
2450 			if (!nflag)
2451 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2452 			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2453 				if (i)
2454 					printf(", ");
2455 				printf("%d = %" PRIu64, i, cp_id[i]);
2456 			}
2457 			printf("\n");
2458 		}
2459 	}
2460 
2461 	free(cp_id);
2462 }
2463 
2464 /*ARGSUSED*/
2465 static void
2466 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2467 {
2468 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2469 	size_t sz;
2470 	int rc;
2471 
2472 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2473 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2474 	if (rc == -1) {
2475 		sysctlerror(1);
2476 		return;
2477 	}
2478 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2479 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2480 
2481 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2482 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2483 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2484 		return;
2485 	}
2486 	if (!nflag)
2487 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2488 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2489 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2490 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2491 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2492 }
2493 
2494 /*ARGSUSED*/
2495 static void
2496 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2497 {
2498 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2499 	size_t osz, nsz;
2500 	char *t;
2501 	int rc;
2502 
2503 	if (fn)
2504 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2505 
2506 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2507 	if (value != NULL) {
2508 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2509 		newp = &nlim;
2510 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2511 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2512 		else {
2513 			errno = 0;
2514 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2515 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2516 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2517 					     sname, value);
2518 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2519 			}
2520 		}
2521 	}
2522 	else {
2523 		nsz = 0;
2524 		newp = NULL;
2525 	}
2526 
2527 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2528 	if (rc == -1) {
2529 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2530 		return;
2531 	}
2532 
2533 	if (newp && qflag)
2534 		return;
2535 
2536 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2537 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2538 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2539 	else
2540 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2541 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2542 
2543 	if (newp) {
2544 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2545 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2546 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2547 		else
2548 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2549 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2550 	}
2551 }
2552 
2553 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2554 /*ARGSUSED*/
2555 static void
2556 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2557 {
2558 	struct disklist *dl;
2559 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2560 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2561 	int rc;
2562 	size_t sz;
2563 	uint i, b, lim;
2564 
2565 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2566 	if (rc == -1) {
2567 		sysctlerror(1);
2568 		return;
2569 	}
2570 	dl = malloc(sz);
2571 	if (dl == NULL) {
2572 		sysctlerror(1);
2573 		return;
2574 	}
2575 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2576 	if (rc == -1) {
2577 		sysctlerror(1);
2578 		return;
2579 	}
2580 
2581 	if (!nflag)
2582 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2583 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2584 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2585 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2586 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2587 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2588 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2589 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2590 		       bi->bi_flags);
2591 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2592 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2593 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2594 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2595 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2596 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2597 		return;
2598 	}
2599 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2600 		char t = ':';
2601 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2602 		       ni->ni_devname);
2603 		for (b = 0; b < (unsigned int)ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2604 			printf("%c%x", t,
2605 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2606 	}
2607 	printf("\n");
2608 	free(dl);
2609 }
2610 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2611 
2612 /*ARGSUSED*/
2613 static void
2614 mode_bits(HANDLER_ARGS)
2615 {
2616 	char buf[12], outbuf[100];
2617 	int o, m, *newp, rc;
2618 	size_t osz, nsz;
2619 	mode_t om, mm;
2620 
2621 	if (fn)
2622 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2623 
2624 	newp = NULL;
2625 	osz = sizeof(o);
2626 	if (value != NULL) {
2627 		void *foo;
2628 		int tt;
2629 		size_t ttsz = sizeof(tt);
2630 		mode_t old_umask;
2631 
2632 		nsz = sizeof(m);
2633 		newp = &m;
2634 		errno = 0;
2635 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &tt, &ttsz, NULL, 0);
2636 		if (rc == -1) {
2637 			sysctlperror("%s: failed query\n", sname);
2638 			return;
2639 		}
2640 
2641 		old_umask = umask(0);
2642 		foo = setmode(value);
2643 		umask(old_umask);
2644 		if (foo == NULL) {
2645 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2646 				     value);
2647 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2648 		}
2649 		old_umask = umask(0);
2650 		m = getmode(foo, (mode_t)tt);
2651 		umask(old_umask);
2652 		if (errno) {
2653 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2654 				     value);
2655 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2656 		}
2657 	}
2658 	else {
2659 		nsz = 0;
2660 		newp = NULL;
2661 	}
2662 
2663 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, newp, nsz);
2664 	if (rc == -1) {
2665 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2666 		return;
2667 	}
2668 
2669 	if (newp && qflag)
2670 		return;
2671 
2672 	om = (mode_t)o;
2673 	mm = (mode_t)m;
2674 
2675 	if (rflag || xflag)
2676 		display_number(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2677 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2678 	else {
2679 		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2680 		strmode(om, buf);
2681 		rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", om, buf + 1);
2682 		display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2683 	}
2684 
2685 	if (newp) {
2686 		if (rflag || xflag)
2687 			display_number(pnode, sname, &m, sizeof(m),
2688 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2689 		else {
2690 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2691 			strmode(mm, buf);
2692 			rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", mm, buf + 1);
2693 			display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, DISPLAY_NEW);
2694 		}
2695 	}
2696 }
2697 
2698 typedef __BITMAP_TYPE(, uint32_t, 0x10000) bitmap;
2699 
2700 static char *
2701 bitmask_print(const bitmap *o)
2702 {
2703 	char *s, *os;
2704 
2705 	s = os = NULL;
2706 	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAXPORTS; i++)
2707 		if (__BITMAP_ISSET(i, o)) {
2708 			int rv;
2709 
2710 			if (os)
2711 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%s,%zu", os, i);
2712 			else
2713 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%zu", i);
2714 			if (rv == -1)
2715 				err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 1", __func__);
2716 			free(os);
2717 			os = s;
2718 		}
2719 	if (s == NULL && (s = strdup("")) == NULL)
2720 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 2", __func__);
2721 	return s;
2722 }
2723 
2724 static void
2725 bitmask_scan(const void *v, bitmap *o)
2726 {
2727 	char *s = strdup(v);
2728 	if (s == NULL)
2729 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", __func__);
2730 
2731 	__BITMAP_ZERO(o);
2732 	for (s = strtok(s, ","); s; s = strtok(NULL, ",")) {
2733 		char *e;
2734 		errno = 0;
2735 		unsigned long l = strtoul(s, &e, 0);
2736 		if ((l == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE) || s == e || *e)
2737 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid port: %s", s);
2738 		if (l >= MAXPORTS)
2739 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Port out of range: %s", s);
2740 		__BITMAP_SET(l, o);
2741 	}
2742 }
2743 
2744 
2745 static void
2746 reserve(HANDLER_ARGS)
2747 {
2748 	int rc;
2749 	size_t osz, nsz;
2750 	bitmap o, n;
2751 
2752 	if (fn)
2753 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2754 
2755 	osz = sizeof(o);
2756 	if (value) {
2757 		bitmask_scan(value, &n);
2758 		value = (char *)&n;
2759 		nsz = sizeof(n);
2760 	} else
2761 		nsz = 0;
2762 
2763 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, value, nsz);
2764 	if (rc == -1) {
2765 		sysctlerror(value == NULL);
2766 		return;
2767 	}
2768 
2769 	if (value && qflag)
2770 		return;
2771 
2772 	if (rflag || xflag)
2773 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2774 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2775 	else {
2776 		char *s = bitmask_print(&o);
2777 		display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s),
2778 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2779 		free(s);
2780 	}
2781 
2782 	if (value) {
2783 		if (rflag || xflag)
2784 			display_struct(pnode, sname, &n, sizeof(n),
2785 			    DISPLAY_NEW);
2786 		else {
2787 			char *s = bitmask_print(&n);
2788 			display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s), DISPLAY_NEW);
2789 			free(s);
2790 		}
2791 	}
2792 }
2793