xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 88fcb00c0357f2d7c1774f86a352637bfda96184)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.134 2011/04/16 01:15:54 christos Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1993
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
45  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
46  *    without specific prior written permission.
47  *
48  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
49  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
50  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
51  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
52  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
53  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
54  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
55  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
56  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
57  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58  * SUCH DAMAGE.
59  */
60 
61 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
62 #ifndef lint
63 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\
64  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
65 #endif /* not lint */
66 
67 #ifndef lint
68 #if 0
69 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
70 #else
71 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.134 2011/04/16 01:15:54 christos Exp $");
72 #endif
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #include <sys/types.h>
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 #include <sys/resource.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 #include <sys/sched.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <netinet/in.h>
84 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
85 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
86 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
87 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
88 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
89 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
90 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
91 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
92 #include <machine/cpu.h>
93 #include <netkey/key_var.h>
94 
95 #include <assert.h>
96 #include <ctype.h>
97 #include <err.h>
98 #include <errno.h>
99 #include <inttypes.h>
100 #include <regex.h>
101 #include <stdarg.h>
102 #include <stdio.h>
103 #include <stdlib.h>
104 #include <string.h>
105 #include <time.h>
106 #include <unistd.h>
107 
108 #include "prog_ops.h"
109 
110 /*
111  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
112  */
113 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
114 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
115 	u_int, void *
116 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
117 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
118 	u_int type, void *v
119 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
120 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
121 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
122 
123 /*
124  * generic routines
125  */
126 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, int, regex_t *,
127     size_t *);
128 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
129 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
130 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int, regex_t *,
131     size_t *);
132 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
133 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
134 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
135 			   const void *, size_t, int);
136 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
137 			   const void *, size_t, int);
138 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
139 			   const void *, size_t, int);
140 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
141 static void usage(void);
142 static void parse(char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
143 static void parse_create(char *);
144 static void parse_destroy(char *);
145 static void parse_describe(char *);
146 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
148 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
149 static void sysctlerror(int);
150 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
151 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...);
152 #define EXIT(n) do { \
153 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
154 
155 /*
156  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
157  */
158 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
159 
160 /*
161  * "handlers"
162  */
163 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void kern_cp_id(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void kern_drivers(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
171 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
172 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
173 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
174 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
175 static void mode_bits(HANDLER_PROTO);
176 
177 static const struct handlespec {
178 	const char *ps_re;
179 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
180 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
181 	const void *ps_d;
182 } handlers[] = {
183 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate, NULL, NULL },
184 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
185 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
186 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
187 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
188 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
189 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
190 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime, NULL, NULL },
191 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
192 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time, NULL, NULL },
193 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
194 	{ "/kern/cp_id(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_id, NULL, NULL },
195 
196 	{ "/kern/coredump/setid/mode",		mode_bits, mode_bits, NULL },
197 	{ "/kern/drivers",			kern_drivers, NULL, NULL },
198 
199 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
200 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
201 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg, NULL, NULL },
202 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
203 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
204 
205 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
206 
207 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
208 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
209 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
210 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
211 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
212 	{ "/net/(inet|inet6)/[^/]+/stats",	printother, NULL, "netstat"},
213 	{ "/net/bpf/(stats|peers)",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
214 
215 	{ "/net/inet.*/tcp.*/deb.*",		printother, NULL, "trpt" },
216 
217 	{ "/net/ns/spp/deb.*",			printother, NULL, "trsp" },
218 
219 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
220 
221 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
222 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
223 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
224 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
225 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo, NULL, NULL },
226 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
227 
228 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit, NULL },
229 
230 	/*
231 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
232 	 */
233 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
234 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
235 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
236 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
237 
238 	{ NULL,					NULL, NULL, NULL },
239 };
240 
241 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
242 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
243 	sysc_init_field(_sysctl_size, sizeof(struct sysctlnode)),
244 	.sysctl_num = 0,
245 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
246 };
247 
248 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
249 size_t	nr;
250 char	*fn;
251 int	req, stale, errs;
252 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
253 
254 /*
255  * vah-riables n stuff
256  */
257 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
258 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
259 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
260 char sep[] = ".";
261 const char *eq = " = ";
262 const char *lname[] = {
263 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
264 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
265 };
266 
267 /*
268  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
269  */
270 int
271 main(int argc, char *argv[])
272 {
273 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
274 	int ch;
275 	size_t lastcompiled = 0;
276 	regex_t *re;
277 
278 	setprogname(argv[0]);
279 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
280 		switch (ch) {
281 		case 'A':
282 			Aflag++;
283 			break;
284 		case 'a':
285 			aflag++;
286 			break;
287 		case 'd':
288 			dflag++;
289 			break;
290 		case 'e':
291 			eq = "=";
292 			break;
293 		case 'f':
294 			fn = optarg;
295 			wflag++;
296 			break;
297 		case 'M':
298 			Mflag++;
299 			break;
300 		case 'n':
301 			nflag++;
302 			break;
303 		case 'q':
304 			qflag++;
305 			break;
306 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
307 		case 'r':
308 			rflag++;
309 			break;
310 		case 'w':
311 			wflag++;
312 			break;
313 		case 'x':
314 			xflag++;
315 			break;
316 		default:
317 			usage();
318 		}
319 	}
320 
321 	argc -= optind;
322 	argv += optind;
323 
324 	if (qflag && !wflag)
325 		usage();
326 	if (xflag && rflag)
327 		usage();
328 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
329 		usage(); */
330 	/* if (aflag && Mflag)
331 		usage(); */
332 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
333 		aflag = 1;
334 
335 	if (prog_init && prog_init() == -1)
336 		err(1, "prog init failed");
337 
338 	if (Aflag)
339 		warnfp = stdout;
340 	stale = req = 0;
341 
342 	if ((re = malloc(sizeof(*re) * __arraycount(handlers))) == NULL)
343 		err(1, "malloc regex");
344 
345 	if (aflag) {
346 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1,
347 		    re, &lastcompiled);
348 		/* if (argc == 0) */
349 		return (0);
350 	}
351 
352 	if (fn) {
353 		FILE *fp;
354 		char *l;
355 
356 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
357 		if (fp == NULL) {
358 			err(1, "%s", fn);
359 		} else {
360 			nr = 0;
361 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
362 			{
363 				if (*l) {
364 					parse(l, re, &lastcompiled);
365 					free(l);
366 				}
367 			}
368 			fclose(fp);
369 		}
370 		return errs ? 1 : 0;
371 	}
372 
373 	if (argc == 0)
374 		usage();
375 
376 	while (argc-- > 0)
377 		parse(*argv++, re, &lastcompiled);
378 
379 	return errs ? 1 : 0;
380 }
381 
382 /*
383  * ********************************************************************
384  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
385  * writing) of a particular node
386  * ********************************************************************
387  */
388 static const struct handlespec *
389 findhandler(const char *s, int w, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
390 {
391 	const struct handlespec *p;
392 	size_t i, l;
393 	int j;
394 	char eb[64];
395 	regmatch_t match;
396 
397 	p = &handlers[0];
398 	l = strlen(s);
399 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
400 		if (i >= *lastcompiled) {
401 			j = regcomp(&re[i], p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
402 			if (j != 0) {
403 				regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
404 				errx(1, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
405 			}
406 			*lastcompiled = i + 1;
407 		}
408 		j = regexec(&re[i], s, 1, &match, 0);
409 		if (j == 0) {
410 			if (match.rm_so == 0 && match.rm_eo == (int)l &&
411 			    (w ? p[i].ps_w : p[i].ps_p) != NULL)
412 				return &p[i];
413 		}
414 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
415 			regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
416 			errx(1, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
417 		}
418 	}
419 
420 	return NULL;
421 }
422 
423 /*
424  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
425  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
426  */
427 static void
428 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
429 {
430 	const char *t;
431 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
432 	int l;
433 
434 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
435 		o[0] = '/';
436 		o[1] = '\0';
437 	}
438 	else
439 		o[0] = '\0';
440 
441 	t = i;
442 	do {
443 		i = t;
444 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
445 		if (t == NULL)
446 			strcat(o, i);
447 		else {
448 			l = t - i;
449 			t++;
450 			memcpy(p, i, l);
451 			p[l] = '\0';
452 			strcat(o, p);
453 			strcat(o, "/");
454 		}
455 	} while (t != NULL);
456 }
457 
458 /*
459  * ********************************************************************
460  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
461  * mib
462  * ********************************************************************
463  */
464 static const char *
465 sf(u_int f)
466 {
467 	static char s[256];
468 	const char *c;
469 
470 	s[0] = '\0';
471 	c = "";
472 
473 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
474 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
475 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
476 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
477 		(_c) = ","; \
478 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
479 	}
480 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
481 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
482 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
483 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
484 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
485 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
486 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
487 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
488 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
489 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
490 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
491 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
492 #undef print_flag
493 
494 	if (f) {
495 		char foo[9];
496 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
497 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
498 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
499 	}
500 
501 	return (s);
502 }
503 
504 static const char *
505 st(u_int t)
506 {
507 
508 	switch (t) {
509 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
510 		return "NODE";
511 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
512 		return "INT";
513 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
514 		return "STRING";
515 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
516                 return "QUAD";
517 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
518 		return "STRUCT";
519 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
520 		return "BOOL";
521 	}
522 
523 	return "???";
524 }
525 
526 /*
527  * ********************************************************************
528  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
529  * ********************************************************************
530  */
531 static void
532 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
533 {
534 	struct sysctlnode *node;
535 
536 	if (rnode == NULL ||
537 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
538 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
539 		return;
540 
541 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
542 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
543 	     node++)
544 		purge_tree(node);
545 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
546 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
547 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
548 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
549 
550 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
551 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
552 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
553 		free(__UNCONST(rnode->sysctl_desc));
554 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
555 }
556 
557 /*
558  * ********************************************************************
559  * print this node and any others underneath it
560  * ********************************************************************
561  */
562 static void
563 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
564    int add, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
565 {
566 	struct sysctlnode *node;
567 	int rc;
568 	size_t ni, sz;
569 	char *sp, *dp, n[20];
570 	const struct handlespec *p;
571 
572 	sp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
573 	dp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
574 
575 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
576 		/*
577 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
578 		 */
579 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++) {
580 			(void)snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", name[ni]);
581 			if (ni > 0)
582 				strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
583 			strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
584 		}
585 	}
586 
587 	if (pnode == NULL)
588 		pnode = &my_root;
589 	else if (add) {
590 		snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", pnode->sysctl_num);
591 		if (namelen > 1) {
592 			strncat(gsname, sep, sizeof(gsname));
593 			strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
594 		}
595 		strncat(gsname, pnode->sysctl_name, sizeof(gsname));
596 		strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
597 	}
598 
599 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
600 		if (nflag)
601 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
602 		else
603 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
604 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
605 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
606 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
607 				printf(", alias %d",
608 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
609 			else
610 				printf(", children %d/%d",
611 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
612 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
613 		}
614 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
615 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
616 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
617 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
618 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
619 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
620 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
621 		printf("\n");
622 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
623 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
624 			return;
625 		}
626 	}
627 
628 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
629 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
630 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
631 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
632 			if (Aflag || !add ||
633 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
634 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
635 				if (!nflag)
636 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
637 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
638 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
639 					printf("(no description)\n");
640 				else
641 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
642 			}
643 		}
644 
645 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
646 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
647 			return;
648 		}
649 	}
650 
651 	/*
652 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
653 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
654 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
655 	 * name specifically.
656 	 */
657 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
658 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
659 		return;
660 	}
661 
662 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
663 	p = findhandler(canonname, 0, re, lastcompiled);
664 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
665 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
666 			   __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
667 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
668 		return;
669 	}
670 
671 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
672 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
673 		if (rc == -1) {
674 			sysctlerror(1);
675 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
676 			return;
677 		}
678 		if (sz == 0) {
679 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
680 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
681 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
682 			return;
683 		}
684 	}
685 	else
686 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
687 
688 	switch (type) {
689 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
690 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
691 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
692 		if (node == NULL) {
693 			if (dflag)
694 				/* do nothing */;
695 			else if (p != NULL)
696 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
697 					   pnode, type, __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
698 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
699 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
700 		}
701 		else {
702 			if (dflag)
703 				/*
704 				 * get all descriptions for next level
705 				 * in one chunk
706 				 */
707 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
708 			req = 0;
709 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
710 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
711 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
712 				    !(Aflag || req))
713 					continue;
714 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
715 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
716 					   1, re, lastcompiled);
717 			}
718 		}
719 		break;
720 	}
721 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
722 		int i;
723 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
724 		if (rc == -1) {
725 			sysctlerror(1);
726 			break;
727 		}
728 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
729 		break;
730 	}
731 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL: {
732 		bool b;
733 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &b, &sz, NULL, 0);
734 		if (rc == -1) {
735 			sysctlerror(1);
736 			break;
737 		}
738 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &b, sizeof(b), DISPLAY_VALUE);
739 		break;
740 	}
741 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
742 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
743 		tbuf = buf;
744 		sz = sizeof(buf);
745 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
746 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
747 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
748 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
749 				sysctlerror(1);
750 				break;
751 			}
752 			rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
753 		}
754 		if (rc == -1)
755 			sysctlerror(1);
756 		else
757 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
758 		if (tbuf != buf)
759 			free(tbuf);
760 		break;
761 	}
762 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
763 		u_quad_t q;
764 		sz = sizeof(q);
765 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
766 		if (rc == -1) {
767 			sysctlerror(1);
768 			break;
769 		}
770 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
771 		break;
772 	}
773 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
774 		/*
775 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
776 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
777 		 * do other than completely ignore the
778 		 * request.
779 		 */
780 		unsigned char *d;
781 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
782 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
783 			break;
784 		}
785 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
786 		if (rc == -1) {
787 			sysctlerror(1);
788 			break;
789 		}
790 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
791 		free(d);
792 		break;
793 	}
794 	default:
795 		/* should i print an error here? */
796 		break;
797 	}
798 
799 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
800 }
801 
802 /*
803  * ********************************************************************
804  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
805  * request
806  * ********************************************************************
807  */
808 static void
809 parse(char *l, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
810 {
811 	struct sysctlnode *node;
812 	const struct handlespec *w;
813 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
814 	u_int namelen, type;
815 	char *key, *value, *dot;
816 	size_t sz;
817 	bool optional = false;
818 
819 	req = 1;
820 	key = l;
821 
822 	if ((value = strchr(l, '=')) != NULL) {
823 		if (value > l && value[-1] == '?') {
824 			value[-1] = '\0';
825 			optional = true;
826 		}
827 		*value++ = '\0';
828 	}
829 
830 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
831 		sep[0] = '.';
832 	else
833 		sep[0] = dot[0];
834 	sep[1] = '\0';
835 
836 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
837 		if (value != NULL)
838 			value[-1] = '=';
839 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
840 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
841 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
842 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
843 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
844 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
845 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
846 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
847 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
848 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
849 				parse_describe(key);
850 			else {
851 				if (!dflag)
852 					dodesc = 1;
853 				break;
854 			}
855 		}
856 		else
857 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
858 		return;
859 	}
860 
861 	if (stale) {
862 		purge_tree(&my_root);
863 		stale = 0;
864 	}
865 	node = &my_root;
866 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
867 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
868 
869 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
870 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
871 		if (optional)
872 			return;
873 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
874 		EXIT(1);
875 	}
876 
877 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
878 
879 	if (value == NULL) {
880 		if (dodesc)
881 			dflag = 1;
882 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
883 		if (dodesc)
884 			dflag = 0;
885 		gsname[0] = '\0';
886 		return;
887 	}
888 
889 	if (fn)
890 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
891 
892 	if (!wflag) {
893 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
894 		exit(1);
895 	}
896 
897 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
898 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, 1, re,
899 	    lastcompiled)) != NULL) {
900 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
901 			   __UNCONST(w->ps_d));
902 		gsname[0] = '\0';
903 		return;
904 	}
905 
906 	switch (type) {
907 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
908 		/*
909 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
910 		 */
911 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1, re,
912 		    lastcompiled);
913 		break;
914 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
915 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
916 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
917 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
918 		break;
919 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
920 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
921 		break;
922 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
923 		/*
924 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
925 		 */
926 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
927 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
928 		break;
929 	}
930 }
931 
932 /*
933 
934   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
935   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
936   [size=###,]
937   [n=###,]
938   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
939   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
940 
941   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
942   else.  nodes can have [rwhp], but nothing else applies.  if no
943   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
944   with [rw] being read-only and unconditionally writeable
945   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
946   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
947   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
948   specify both value and addr.
949 
950 */
951 
952 static void
953 parse_create(char *l)
954 {
955 	struct sysctlnode node;
956 	size_t sz;
957 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
958 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
959 	u_int namelen, type;
960 	u_quad_t uq;
961 	quad_t q;
962 	bool b;
963 
964 	if (!wflag) {
965 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
966 		exit(1);
967 	}
968 
969 	/*
970 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
971 	 * node
972 	 */
973 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
974 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
975 	flags = 0;
976 	rw = -1;
977 	type = 0;
978 	sz = 0;
979 	data = addr = NULL;
980 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
981 	namelen = 0;
982 	method = 0;
983 
984 	/*
985 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
986 	 */
987 	i = 0;
988 	b = false;
989 	uq = 0;
990 	key = NULL;
991 	value = NULL;
992 
993 	/*
994 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
995 	 * pick it off.
996 	 */
997 	nname = l;
998 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
999 		*c++ = '\0';
1000 
1001 	while (c != NULL) {
1002 
1003 		/*
1004 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
1005 		 */
1006 		key = c;
1007 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
1008 			*t++ = '\0';
1009 			value = t;
1010 		}
1011 		else
1012 			value = NULL;
1013 
1014 		/*
1015 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
1016 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
1017 		 * the next comma.
1018 		 */
1019 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
1020 			c = NULL;
1021 			data = value;
1022 			break;
1023 		}
1024 		else if (value) {
1025 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
1026 				*c++ = '\0';
1027 		}
1028 
1029 		/*
1030 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of prog_sysctl(8)
1031 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
1032 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
1033 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
1034 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
1035 		 */
1036 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
1037 			/*
1038 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
1039 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
1040 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
1041 			 */
1042 			if (method != 0) {
1043 				sysctlperror(
1044 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1045 				    nname,
1046 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1047 				EXIT(1);
1048 			}
1049 			if (value == NULL) {
1050 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1051 				EXIT(1);
1052 			}
1053 			errno = 0;
1054 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1055 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1056 				sysctlperror(
1057 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1058 				    nname, value);
1059 				EXIT(1);
1060 			}
1061 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1062 		}
1063 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1064 			if (method != 0) {
1065 				sysctlperror(
1066 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1067 				    nname,
1068 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1069 				EXIT(1);
1070 			}
1071 			addr = value;
1072 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1073 		}
1074 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1075 			if (value == NULL) {
1076 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1077 				EXIT(1);
1078 			}
1079 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1080 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1081 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1082 				sz = sizeof(int);
1083 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1084 			}
1085 			else if (strcmp(value, "bool") == 0) {
1086 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1087 				type = CTLTYPE_BOOL;
1088 			}
1089 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1090 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1091 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1092 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1093 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1094 			}
1095 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1096 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1097 			else {
1098 				sysctlperror(
1099 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1100 					nname, value);
1101 				EXIT(1);
1102 			}
1103 		}
1104 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1105 			if (value == NULL) {
1106 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1107 				EXIT(1);
1108 			}
1109 			errno = 0;
1110 			/*
1111 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1112 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1113 			 * right?
1114 			 */
1115 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1116 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1117 				sysctlperror(
1118 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1119 					nname, value);
1120 				EXIT(1);
1121 			}
1122 		}
1123 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1124 			if (value == NULL) {
1125 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1126 				EXIT(1);
1127 			}
1128 			errno = 0;
1129 			q = strtoll(value, &t, 0);
1130 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1131 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1132 				sysctlperror(
1133 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1134 				    nname, value);
1135 				EXIT(1);
1136 			}
1137 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1138 		}
1139 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1140 			if (value == NULL) {
1141 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1142 				EXIT(1);
1143 			}
1144 			t = value;
1145 			while (*t != '\0') {
1146 				switch (*t) {
1147 				case 'a':
1148 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1149 					break;
1150 				case 'h':
1151 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1152 					break;
1153 				case 'i':
1154 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1155 					break;
1156 				case 'o':
1157 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1158 					break;
1159 				case 'p':
1160 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1161 					break;
1162 				case 'x':
1163 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1164 					break;
1165 
1166 				case 'r':
1167 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1168 					break;
1169 				case 'w':
1170 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1171 					break;
1172 				default:
1173 					sysctlperror(
1174 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1175 					    nname, *t);
1176 					EXIT(1);
1177 				}
1178 				t++;
1179 			}
1180 		}
1181 		else {
1182 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1183 				     nname, key);
1184 			EXIT(1);
1185 		}
1186 	}
1187 
1188 	/*
1189 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1190 	 * anything they didn't specify
1191 	 */
1192 	if (type == 0)
1193 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1194 
1195 	/*
1196 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1197 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1198 	 */
1199 	if (data != NULL) {
1200 		if (addr != NULL) {
1201 			sysctlperror(
1202 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1203 				"address\n", nname);
1204 			EXIT(1);
1205 		}
1206 
1207 		switch (type) {
1208 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1209 			errno = 0;
1210 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1211 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1212 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1213 				sysctlperror(
1214 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1215 				    nname, value);
1216 				EXIT(1);
1217 			}
1218 			i = (int)q;
1219 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1220 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1221 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1222 			}
1223 			else
1224 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1225 			if (sz == 0)
1226 				sz = sizeof(int);
1227 			break;
1228 		case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1229 			errno = 0;
1230 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1231 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1232 				(q != 0 && q != 1)) {
1233 				sysctlperror(
1234 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid bool\n",
1235 				    nname, value);
1236 				EXIT(1);
1237 			}
1238 			b = q == 1;
1239 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1240 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1241 				node.sysctl_idata = b;
1242 			}
1243 			else
1244 				node.sysctl_data = &b;
1245 			if (sz == 0)
1246 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1247 			break;
1248 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1249 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1250 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1251 			if (sz == 0)
1252 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1253 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1254 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1255 					"string node, too small for given "
1256 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1257 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1258 			}
1259 			break;
1260 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1261 			errno = 0;
1262 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1263 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1264 				sysctlperror(
1265 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1266 					nname, value);
1267 				EXIT(1);
1268 			}
1269 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1270 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1271 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1272 			}
1273 			else
1274 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1275 			if (sz == 0)
1276 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1277 			break;
1278 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1279 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1280 				     nname);
1281 			EXIT(1);
1282 		}
1283 
1284 		/*
1285 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1286 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1287 		 */
1288 	}
1289 
1290 	/*
1291 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1292 	 * fine.
1293 	 */
1294 	else if (addr != 0)
1295 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1296 
1297 	/*
1298 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1299 	 * manage that.
1300 	 */
1301 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1302 		if (sz == 0) {
1303 			sysctlperror(
1304 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1305 			    nname);
1306                         EXIT(1);
1307                 }
1308 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1309 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1310 	}
1311 
1312 	/*
1313 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1314 	 * assembled
1315 	 */
1316 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1317 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1318 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1319 			     nname,
1320 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1321 		EXIT(1);
1322 	}
1323 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1324 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1325 		EXIT(1);
1326 	}
1327 
1328 	/*
1329 	 * some types must have a particular size
1330 	 */
1331 	if (sz != 0) {
1332 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1333 		    (type == CTLTYPE_BOOL && sz != sizeof(bool)) ||
1334 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1335 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1336 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1337 			EXIT(1);
1338 		}
1339 	}
1340 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1341 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1342 		EXIT(1);
1343 	}
1344 
1345 	/*
1346 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1347 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1348 	 * else being readonly.
1349 	 */
1350 	if (rw == -1) {
1351 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1352 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1353 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1354 		else
1355 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1356 	}
1357 
1358 	/*
1359 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1360 	 * writeable by us.
1361 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1362 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1363 		EXIT(1);
1364 	}
1365 	 */
1366 
1367 	/*
1368 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1369 	 * node?
1370 	 */
1371 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1372 		sep[0] = '.';
1373 	else
1374 		sep[0] = t[0];
1375 	sep[1] = '\0';
1376 
1377 	/*
1378 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1379 	 */
1380 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1381 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1382 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1383 	if (t != NULL)
1384 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1385 	else
1386 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1387 	if (t == nname)
1388 		t = NULL;
1389 
1390 	/*
1391 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1392 	 * the mib for its parent
1393 	 */
1394 	if (t == NULL) {
1395 		namelen = 0;
1396 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1397 	}
1398 
1399 	/*
1400 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1401 	 */
1402 	else {
1403 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1404 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1405 		*t = '\0';
1406 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1407 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1408 		*t = sep[0];
1409 		if (rc == -1) {
1410 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1411 			EXIT(1);
1412 		}
1413 	}
1414 
1415 	/*
1416 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1417 	 */
1418 	if (method != 0)
1419 		name[namelen++] = method;
1420 	else
1421 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1422 
1423 	sz = sizeof(node);
1424 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1425 
1426 	if (rc == -1) {
1427 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1428 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1429 		EXIT(1);
1430 	}
1431 	else {
1432 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1433 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1434 		stale = 1;
1435 	}
1436 }
1437 
1438 static void
1439 parse_destroy(char *l)
1440 {
1441 	struct sysctlnode node;
1442 	size_t sz;
1443 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1444 	u_int namelen;
1445 
1446 	if (!wflag) {
1447 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1448 		exit(1);
1449 	}
1450 
1451 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1452 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1453 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1454 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1455 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1456 	if (rc == -1) {
1457 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1458 		EXIT(1);
1459 	}
1460 
1461 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1462 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1463 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1464 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1465 
1466 	sz = sizeof(node);
1467 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1468 
1469 	if (rc == -1) {
1470 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1471 			     l, strerror(errno));
1472 		EXIT(1);
1473 	}
1474 	else {
1475 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1476 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1477 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1478 		stale = 1;
1479 	}
1480 }
1481 
1482 static void
1483 parse_describe(char *l)
1484 {
1485 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1486 	char buf[1024], *value;
1487 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1488 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1489 	u_int namelen;
1490 	size_t sz;
1491 
1492 	if (!wflag) {
1493 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1494 		exit(1);
1495 	}
1496 
1497 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1498 	*value++ = '\0';
1499 
1500 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1501 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1502 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1503 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1504 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1505 	if (rc == -1) {
1506 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1507 		EXIT(1);
1508 	}
1509 
1510 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1511 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1512 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1513 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1514 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1515 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1516 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1517 	if (rc == -1)
1518 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1519 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1520 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1521 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1522 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1523 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1524 }
1525 
1526 /*
1527  * ********************************************************************
1528  * when things go wrong...
1529  * ********************************************************************
1530  */
1531 static void
1532 usage(void)
1533 {
1534 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1535 
1536 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1537 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1538 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1539 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1540 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1541 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1542 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1543 		      progname, "[-dne] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1544 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1545 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1546 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1547 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1548 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1549 	exit(1);
1550 }
1551 
1552 static void
1553 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1554 {
1555 	struct sysctlnode node;
1556 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1557 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1558 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1559 	int rc;
1560 
1561 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1562 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1563 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1564 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1565 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1566 
1567 	if (rc == -1 ||
1568 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1569 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1570 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1571 		desc = (char *)-1;
1572 	else
1573 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1574 
1575 	if (desc == NULL)
1576 		desc = (char *)-1;
1577 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1578 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1579 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1580 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1581 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1582 		free(__UNCONST(pnode->sysctl_desc));
1583 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1584 }
1585 
1586 static void
1587 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1588 {
1589 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1590 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1591 	char *desc;
1592 	size_t i, sz;
1593 	int rc;
1594 
1595 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1596 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1597 
1598 	/*
1599 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1600 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1601 	 */
1602 	i = 0;
1603 	do {
1604 		d = malloc(sz);
1605 		if (d == NULL)
1606 			return;
1607 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1608 		if (rc == -1) {
1609 			free(d);
1610 			d = NULL;
1611 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1612 				i = 1;
1613 			else
1614 				return;
1615 		}
1616 	} while (d == NULL);
1617 
1618 	/*
1619 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1620 	 * suffice for now
1621 	 */
1622 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1623 	for (i = 0; i < pnode->sysctl_clen; i++) {
1624 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1625 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1626 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1627 				break;
1628 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1629 			/*
1630 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1631 			 */
1632 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1633 				desc = NULL;
1634 			else
1635 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1636 			if (desc == NULL)
1637 				desc = (char *)-1;
1638 			else
1639 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1640 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1641 		}
1642 	}
1643 
1644 	free(d);
1645 }
1646 
1647 static void
1648 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1649 {
1650 	char *i, *o;
1651 
1652 	i = o = s;
1653 	if (dir & 1)
1654 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1655 			i++;
1656 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1657 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1658 	if (dir & 2)
1659 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1660 			*o-- = '\0';
1661 }
1662 
1663 void
1664 sysctlerror(int soft)
1665 {
1666 	if (soft) {
1667 		switch (errno) {
1668 		case ENOENT:
1669 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1670 		case ENOTDIR:
1671 		case EINVAL:
1672 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1673 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1674 			if (Aflag || req)
1675 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available\n",
1676 					     gsname);
1677 			return;
1678 		}
1679 	}
1680 
1681 	sysctlperror("%s: sysctl() failed with %s\n",
1682 		     gsname, strerror(errno));
1683 	if (!soft)
1684 		EXIT(1);
1685 }
1686 
1687 void
1688 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1689 {
1690 
1691 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1692 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1693 }
1694 
1695 static void
1696 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1697 {
1698 	va_list ap;
1699 
1700 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1701 	if (fn)
1702 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1703 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1704 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1705 	va_end(ap);
1706 	errs++;
1707 }
1708 
1709 
1710 /*
1711  * ********************************************************************
1712  * how to write to a "simple" node
1713  * ********************************************************************
1714  */
1715 static void
1716 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1717 {
1718 	u_int ii, io;
1719 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1720 	size_t si, so;
1721 	bool bi, bo;
1722 	int rc;
1723 	void *i, *o;
1724 	char *t;
1725 
1726 	if (fn)
1727 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1728 
1729 	si = so = 0;
1730 	i = o = NULL;
1731 	bi = bo = false;
1732 	errno = 0;
1733 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1734 	if (qi == UQUAD_MAX && errno == ERANGE) {
1735 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(errno));
1736 		EXIT(1);
1737 	}
1738 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1739 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1740 		EXIT(1);
1741 	}
1742 
1743 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1744 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1745 		ii = (u_int)qi;
1746 		io = (u_int)(qi >> 32);
1747 		if (io != (u_int)-1 && io != 0) {
1748 			sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(ERANGE));
1749 			EXIT(1);
1750 		}
1751 		o = &io;
1752 		so = sizeof(io);
1753 		i = &ii;
1754 		si = sizeof(ii);
1755 		break;
1756 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1757 		bi = (bool)qi;
1758 		o = &bo;
1759 		so = sizeof(bo);
1760 		i = &bi;
1761 		si = sizeof(bi);
1762 		break;
1763 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1764 		o = &qo;
1765 		so = sizeof(qo);
1766 		i = &qi;
1767 		si = sizeof(qi);
1768 		break;
1769 	}
1770 
1771 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1772 	if (rc == -1) {
1773 		sysctlerror(0);
1774 		return;
1775 	}
1776 
1777 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1778 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1779 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1780 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1781 		break;
1782 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1783 		display_number(node, gsname, &bo, sizeof(bo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1784 		display_number(node, gsname, &bi, sizeof(bi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1785 		break;
1786 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1787 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1788 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1789 		break;
1790 	}
1791 }
1792 
1793 static void
1794 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1795 {
1796 	char *i, *o;
1797 	size_t si, so;
1798 	int rc;
1799 
1800 	i = value;
1801 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1802 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1803 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1804 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1805 		EXIT(1);
1806 	}
1807 	o = malloc(so);
1808 	if (o == NULL) {
1809 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1810 		exit(1);
1811 	}
1812 
1813 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1814 	if (rc == -1) {
1815 		sysctlerror(0);
1816 		return;
1817 	}
1818 
1819 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1820 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1821 	free(o);
1822 }
1823 
1824 /*
1825  * ********************************************************************
1826  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1827  * ********************************************************************
1828  */
1829 static void
1830 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1831 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1832 {
1833 	u_quad_t q;
1834 	bool b;
1835 	int i;
1836 
1837 	if (qflag)
1838 		return;
1839 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1840 		return;
1841 
1842 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1843 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1844 		return;
1845 	}
1846 
1847 	if (!nflag) {
1848 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1849 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1850 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1851 			printf("%s: ", name);
1852 	}
1853 
1854 	if (xflag > 1) {
1855 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1856 			printf("\n");
1857 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1858 		return;
1859 	}
1860 
1861 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1862 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1863 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1864 		if (xflag)
1865 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1866 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1867 			printf("%#x", i);
1868 		else
1869 			printf("%d", i);
1870 		break;
1871 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1872 		memcpy(&b, data, sz);
1873 		if (xflag)
1874 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, b);
1875 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1876 			printf("%#x", b);
1877 		else
1878 			printf("%d", b);
1879 		break;
1880 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1881 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1882 		if (xflag)
1883 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1884 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1885 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1886 		else
1887 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1888 		break;
1889 	}
1890 
1891 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1892 		printf(" -> ");
1893 	else
1894 		printf("\n");
1895 }
1896 
1897 static void
1898 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1899 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1900 {
1901 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1902 	int ni;
1903 
1904 	if (qflag)
1905 		return;
1906 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1907 		return;
1908 
1909 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1910 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1911 		return;
1912 	}
1913 
1914 	if (!nflag) {
1915 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1916 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1917 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1918 			printf("%s: ", name);
1919 	}
1920 
1921 	if (xflag > 1) {
1922 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1923 			printf("\n");
1924 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1925 		return;
1926 	}
1927 
1928 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1929 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1930 			if (xflag)
1931 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1932 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1933 				break;
1934 			if (!xflag)
1935 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1936 		}
1937 	}
1938 	else
1939 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1940 
1941 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1942 		printf(" -> ");
1943 	else
1944 		printf("\n");
1945 }
1946 
1947 /*ARGSUSED*/
1948 static void
1949 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1950 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1951 {
1952 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1953 	int ni;
1954 	size_t more;
1955 
1956 	if (qflag)
1957 		return;
1958 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
1959 		if (Aflag || req)
1960 			sysctlperror(
1961 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
1962 			    gsname);
1963 		return;
1964 	}
1965 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1966 		return;
1967 
1968 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1969 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1970 		return;
1971 	}
1972 
1973         if (!nflag) {
1974                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1975                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1976                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1977                         printf("%s: ", name);
1978         }
1979 
1980 	if (xflag > 1) {
1981 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1982 			printf("\n");
1983 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1984 		return;
1985 	}
1986 
1987 	if (sz > 16) {
1988 		more = sz - 16;
1989 		sz = 16;
1990 	}
1991 	else
1992 		more = 0;
1993 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
1994 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1995 	if (more)
1996 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
1997 	printf("\n");
1998 }
1999 
2000 static void
2001 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
2002 {
2003 	unsigned int i;
2004 	int j;
2005 	char line[80], tmp[12];
2006 
2007 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2008 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
2009 		j = i % 16;
2010 		/* reset line */
2011 		if (j == 0) {
2012 			line[58] = '|';
2013 			line[77] = '|';
2014 			line[78] = 0;
2015 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07x", i);
2016 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
2017 		}
2018 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
2019 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
2020 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
2021 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
2022 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
2023 		/* print a full line and erase it */
2024 		if (j == 15) {
2025 			printf("%s\n", line);
2026 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2027 		}
2028 	}
2029 	if (line[0] != ' ')
2030 		printf("%s\n", line);
2031 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
2032 }
2033 
2034 /*
2035  * ********************************************************************
2036  * functions that handle particular nodes
2037  * ********************************************************************
2038  */
2039 /*ARGSUSED*/
2040 static void
2041 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
2042 {
2043 	int rc;
2044 	void *p;
2045 	size_t sz1, sz2;
2046 
2047 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
2048 		return;
2049 
2050 	/*
2051 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
2052 	 */
2053 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
2054 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
2055 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
2056 			break;
2057 		p = malloc(sz1);
2058 		if (p == NULL)
2059 			break;
2060 		sz2 = sz1;
2061 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
2062 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
2063 			free(p);
2064 			break;
2065 		}
2066 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2067 		free(p);
2068 		return;
2069 	}
2070 
2071 	/*
2072 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
2073 	 * thing?
2074 	 */
2075 	if (v != NULL) {
2076 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
2077 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
2078 		return;
2079 	}
2080 
2081 	/*
2082 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
2083 	 */
2084 	switch (name[0]) {
2085 	case CTL_NET:
2086 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
2087 			     sname);
2088 		break;
2089 	case CTL_DEBUG:
2090 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
2091 			     sname);
2092 		break;
2093 	case CTL_DDB:
2094 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
2095 			     sname);
2096 		break;
2097 	case CTL_VENDOR:
2098 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
2099 			     sname);
2100 		break;
2101 	}
2102 }
2103 
2104 /*ARGSUSED*/
2105 static void
2106 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2107 {
2108 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2109 	size_t sz;
2110 	int rc;
2111 
2112 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2113 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2114 	if (rc == -1) {
2115 		sysctlerror(1);
2116 		return;
2117 	}
2118 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2119 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2120 
2121 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2122 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2123 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2124 		return;
2125 	}
2126 	else if (!nflag)
2127 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2128 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2129 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2130 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2131 }
2132 
2133 /*ARGSUSED*/
2134 static void
2135 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2136 {
2137 	struct timeval timeval;
2138 	time_t boottime;
2139 	size_t sz;
2140 	int rc;
2141 
2142 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
2143 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
2144 	if (rc == -1) {
2145 		sysctlerror(1);
2146 		return;
2147 	}
2148 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
2149 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2150 
2151 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
2152 	if (xflag || rflag)
2153 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
2154 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2155 	else if (!nflag)
2156 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2157 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2158 	else if (nflag == 1)
2159 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
2160 	else
2161 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
2162 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
2163 }
2164 
2165 /*ARGSUSED*/
2166 static void
2167 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2168 {
2169 	dev_t cons;
2170 	size_t sz;
2171 	int rc;
2172 
2173 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2174 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2175 	if (rc == -1) {
2176 		sysctlerror(1);
2177 		return;
2178 	}
2179 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2180 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2181 
2182 	if (xflag || rflag)
2183 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2184 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2185 	else {
2186 		if (!nflag)
2187 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2188 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2189 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2190 		else
2191 			printf("0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)cons);
2192 	}
2193 }
2194 
2195 /*ARGSUSED*/
2196 static void
2197 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2198 {
2199 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2200 	size_t sz, osz;
2201 	int rc, i, n;
2202 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2203 	const char *tname;
2204 
2205 	/*
2206 	 * three things to do here.
2207 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2208 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2209 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2210 	 */
2211 
2212 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2213 		sz = sizeof(n);
2214 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2215 		if (rc != 0)
2216 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2217 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2218 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2219 	}
2220 	else {
2221 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2222 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2223 	}
2224 
2225 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2226 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2227 		sysctlerror(1);
2228 		return;
2229 	}
2230 
2231 	osz = sz;
2232 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2233 		    NULL, 0);
2234 
2235 	if (rc == -1) {
2236 		sysctlerror(1);
2237 		free(cp_time);
2238 		return;
2239 	}
2240 
2241 	/*
2242 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2243 	 */
2244 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2245 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2246 
2247 	/*
2248 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2249 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2250 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2251 	 */
2252 	if (n != -1) {
2253 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2254 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2255 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2256                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2257                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2258                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2259                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2260 		}
2261 	}
2262 
2263 	tname = sname;
2264 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2265 		if (i > 0) {
2266 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2267 				       i - 1);
2268 			tname = s;
2269 		}
2270 		if (xflag || rflag)
2271 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2272 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2273 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2274 		else {
2275 			if (!nflag)
2276 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2277 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2278 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2279 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2280 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2281 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2282 			       "\n",
2283 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2284 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2285 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2286 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2287 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2288 		}
2289 		/*
2290 		 * Just printing the one node.
2291 		 */
2292 		if (n == -1)
2293 			break;
2294 	}
2295 
2296 	free(cp_time);
2297 }
2298 
2299 /*ARGSUSED*/
2300 static void
2301 kern_drivers(HANDLER_ARGS)
2302 {
2303 	struct kinfo_drivers *kd;
2304 	size_t sz, i;
2305 	int rc;
2306 	const char *comma;
2307 
2308 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2309 	if (rc == -1) {
2310 		sysctlerror(1);
2311 		return;
2312 	}
2313 
2314 	if (sz % sizeof(*kd))
2315 		err(1, "bad size %zu for kern.drivers", sz);
2316 
2317 	kd = malloc(sz);
2318 	if (kd == NULL) {
2319 		sysctlerror(1);
2320 		return;
2321 	}
2322 
2323 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, kd, &sz, NULL, 0);
2324 	if (rc == -1) {
2325 		sysctlerror(1);
2326 		return;
2327 	}
2328 
2329 	comma = "";
2330 	if (!nflag)
2331 		printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2332 	for (i = 0, sz /= sizeof(*kd); i < sz; i++) {
2333 		(void)printf("%s[%d %d %s]", comma, kd[i].d_cmajor,
2334 		    kd[i].d_bmajor, kd[i].d_name);
2335 		comma = ", ";
2336 	}
2337 	(void)printf("\n");
2338 	free(kd);
2339 }
2340 
2341 /*ARGSUSED*/
2342 static void
2343 kern_cp_id(HANDLER_ARGS)
2344 {
2345 	u_int64_t *cp_id;
2346 	size_t sz, osz;
2347 	int rc, i, n;
2348 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_id.nnnnnn")];
2349 	const char *tname;
2350 	struct sysctlnode node = *pnode;
2351 
2352 	/*
2353 	 * three things to do here.
2354 	 * case 1: print a specific cpu id (namelen == 3)
2355 	 * case 2: print all cpu ids separately (Aflag set)
2356 	 * case 3: print all cpu ids on one line
2357 	 */
2358 
2359 	if (namelen == 2) {
2360 		sz = sizeof(n);
2361 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2362 		if (rc != 0)
2363 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2364 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t);
2365 	}
2366 	else {
2367 		n = -1; /* Just print one cpu id. */
2368 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t);
2369 	}
2370 
2371 	cp_id = malloc(sz);
2372 	if (cp_id == NULL) {
2373 		sysctlerror(1);
2374 		return;
2375 	}
2376 
2377 	osz = sz;
2378 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_id, &osz, NULL, 0);
2379 	if (rc == -1) {
2380 		sysctlerror(1);
2381 		free(cp_id);
2382 		return;
2383 	}
2384 
2385 	/*
2386 	 * Check that we got back what we asked for.
2387 	 */
2388 	if (osz != sz)
2389 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2390 
2391 	/* pretend for output purposes */
2392 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) |
2393 		SYSCTL_TYPE(CTLTYPE_QUAD);
2394 
2395 	tname = sname;
2396 	if (namelen == 3)
2397 		display_number(&node, tname, cp_id,
2398 			       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2399 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2400 	else if (Aflag) {
2401 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
2402 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep, i);
2403 			tname = s;
2404 			display_number(&node, tname, &cp_id[i],
2405 				       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2406 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2407 	}
2408 	else {
2409 		if (xflag || rflag)
2410 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_id, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2411 		else {
2412 			if (!nflag)
2413 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2414 			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2415 				if (i)
2416 					printf(", ");
2417 				printf("%d = %" PRIu64, i, cp_id[i]);
2418 			}
2419 			printf("\n");
2420 		}
2421 	}
2422 
2423 	free(cp_id);
2424 }
2425 
2426 /*ARGSUSED*/
2427 static void
2428 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2429 {
2430 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2431 	size_t sz;
2432 	int rc;
2433 
2434 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2435 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2436 	if (rc == -1) {
2437 		sysctlerror(1);
2438 		return;
2439 	}
2440 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2441 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2442 
2443 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2444 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2445 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2446 		return;
2447 	}
2448 	if (!nflag)
2449 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2450 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2451 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2452 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2453 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2454 }
2455 
2456 /*ARGSUSED*/
2457 static void
2458 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2459 {
2460 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2461 	size_t osz, nsz;
2462 	char *t;
2463 	int rc;
2464 
2465 	if (fn)
2466 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2467 
2468 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2469 	if (value != NULL) {
2470 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2471 		newp = &nlim;
2472 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2473 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2474 		else {
2475 			errno = 0;
2476 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2477 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2478 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2479 					     sname, value);
2480 				EXIT(1);
2481 			}
2482 		}
2483 	}
2484 	else {
2485 		nsz = 0;
2486 		newp = NULL;
2487 	}
2488 
2489 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2490 	if (rc == -1) {
2491 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2492 		return;
2493 	}
2494 
2495 	if (newp && qflag)
2496 		return;
2497 
2498 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2499 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2500 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2501 	else
2502 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2503 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2504 
2505 	if (newp) {
2506 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2507 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2508 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2509 		else
2510 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2511 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2512 	}
2513 }
2514 
2515 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2516 /*ARGSUSED*/
2517 static void
2518 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2519 {
2520 	struct disklist *dl;
2521 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2522 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2523 	int rc;
2524 	size_t sz;
2525 	uint i, b, lim;
2526 
2527 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2528 	if (rc == -1) {
2529 		sysctlerror(1);
2530 		return;
2531 	}
2532 	dl = malloc(sz);
2533 	if (dl == NULL) {
2534 		sysctlerror(1);
2535 		return;
2536 	}
2537 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2538 	if (rc == -1) {
2539 		sysctlerror(1);
2540 		return;
2541 	}
2542 
2543 	if (!nflag)
2544 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2545 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2546 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2547 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2548 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2549 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2550 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2551 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2552 		       bi->bi_flags);
2553 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2554 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2555 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2556 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2557 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2558 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2559 		return;
2560 	}
2561 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2562 		char t = ':';
2563 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2564 		       ni->ni_devname);
2565 		for (b = 0; b < (unsigned int)ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2566 			printf("%c%x", t,
2567 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2568 	}
2569 	printf("\n");
2570 	free(dl);
2571 }
2572 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2573 
2574 /*ARGSUSED*/
2575 static void
2576 mode_bits(HANDLER_ARGS)
2577 {
2578 	char buf[12], outbuf[100];
2579 	int o, m, *newp, rc;
2580 	size_t osz, nsz;
2581 	mode_t om, mm;
2582 
2583 	if (fn)
2584 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2585 
2586 	newp = NULL;
2587 	osz = sizeof(o);
2588 	if (value != NULL) {
2589 		void *foo;
2590 		int tt;
2591 		size_t ttsz = sizeof(tt);
2592 		mode_t old_umask;
2593 
2594 		nsz = sizeof(m);
2595 		newp = &m;
2596 		errno = 0;
2597 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &tt, &ttsz, NULL, 0);
2598 		if (rc == -1) {
2599 			sysctlperror("%s: failed query\n", sname);
2600 			return;
2601 		}
2602 
2603 		old_umask = umask(0);
2604 		foo = setmode(value);
2605 		umask(old_umask);
2606 		if (foo == NULL) {
2607 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2608 				     value);
2609 			EXIT(1);
2610 		}
2611 		old_umask = umask(0);
2612 		m = getmode(foo, (mode_t)tt);
2613 		umask(old_umask);
2614 		if (errno) {
2615 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2616 				     value);
2617 			EXIT(1);
2618 		}
2619 	}
2620 	else {
2621 		nsz = 0;
2622 		newp = NULL;
2623 	}
2624 
2625 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, newp, nsz);
2626 	if (rc == -1) {
2627 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2628 		return;
2629 	}
2630 
2631 	if (newp && qflag)
2632 		return;
2633 
2634 	om = (mode_t)o;
2635 	mm = (mode_t)m;
2636 
2637 	if (rflag || xflag)
2638 		display_number(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2639 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2640 	else {
2641 		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2642 		strmode(om, buf);
2643 		rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", om, buf + 1);
2644 		display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2645 	}
2646 
2647 	if (newp) {
2648 		if (rflag || xflag)
2649 			display_number(pnode, sname, &m, sizeof(m),
2650 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2651 		else {
2652 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2653 			strmode(mm, buf);
2654 			rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", mm, buf + 1);
2655 			display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, DISPLAY_NEW);
2656 		}
2657 	}
2658 }
2659