xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 53b02e147d4ed531c0d2a5ca9b3e8026ba3e99b5)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.163 2021/12/28 16:06:57 christos Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1993
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
38  * are met:
39  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
40  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
41  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
43  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
44  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
45  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
46  *    without specific prior written permission.
47  *
48  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
49  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
50  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
51  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
52  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
53  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
54  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
55  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
56  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
57  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
58  * SUCH DAMAGE.
59  */
60 
61 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
62 #ifndef lint
63 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\
64  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
65 #endif /* not lint */
66 
67 #ifndef lint
68 #if 0
69 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
70 #else
71 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.163 2021/12/28 16:06:57 christos Exp $");
72 #endif
73 #endif /* not lint */
74 
75 #include <sys/types.h>
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 #include <sys/resource.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 #include <sys/sched.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/bitops.h>
84 #include <netinet/in.h>
85 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
86 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
87 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
88 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
90 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
91 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
92 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
93 #include <machine/cpu.h>
94 
95 #include <assert.h>
96 #include <ctype.h>
97 #include <err.h>
98 #include <errno.h>
99 #include <inttypes.h>
100 #include <regex.h>
101 #include <stdarg.h>
102 #include <stdio.h>
103 #include <stdlib.h>
104 #include <string.h>
105 #include <time.h>
106 #include <unistd.h>
107 
108 #include "prog_ops.h"
109 
110 /*
111  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
112  */
113 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
114 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
115 	u_int, void *
116 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
117 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
118 	u_int type, void *v
119 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
120 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
121 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
122 
123 /*
124  * generic routines
125  */
126 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
127 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
128 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
129 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int, regex_t *,
130     size_t *);
131 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *, bool);
132 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *, bool);
133 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
134 			   const void *, size_t, int);
135 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
136 			   const void *, size_t, int);
137 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
138 			   const void *, size_t, int);
139 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
140 __dead static void usage(void);
141 static void parse(char *, regex_t *, size_t *);
142 static void parse_create(char *);
143 static void parse_destroy(char *);
144 static void parse_describe(char *);
145 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
146 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
148 static void sysctlerror(int);
149 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
150 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
151 #define EXIT(n) do { \
152 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
153 
154 /*
155  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
156  */
157 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
158 
159 /*
160  * "handlers"
161  */
162 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
163 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_id(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void kern_drivers(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
171 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
172 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
173 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
174 static void mode_bits(HANDLER_PROTO);
175 static void reserve(HANDLER_PROTO);
176 
177 static const struct handlespec {
178 	const char *ps_re;
179 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
180 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
181 	const void *ps_d;
182 } handlers[] = {
183 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate, NULL, NULL },
184 	{ "/kern/evcnt",			printother, NULL, "vmstat -e" },
185 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
186 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
187 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
188 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
189 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
190 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
191 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime, NULL, NULL },
192 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
193 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time, NULL, NULL },
194 	{ "/kern/hashstat",			printother, NULL, "vmstat -H" },
195 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
196 	{ "/kern/cp_id(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_id, NULL, NULL },
197 
198 	{ "/kern/coredump/setid/mode",		mode_bits, mode_bits, NULL },
199 	{ "/kern/drivers",			kern_drivers, NULL, NULL },
200 
201 	{ "/kern/intr/list",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
202 	{ "/kern/intr/affinity",		printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
203 	{ "/kern/intr/intr",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
204 	{ "/kern/intr/nointr",			printother, NULL, "intrctl" },
205 
206 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
207 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
208 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg, NULL, NULL },
209 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
210 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
211 
212 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
213 
214 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
215 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
216 	{ "/net/inet6/ip6/addctlpolicy",	printother, NULL,
217 						"ip6addrctl" },
218 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
219 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
220 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
221 	{ "/net/(inet|inet6)/[^/]+/stats",	printother, NULL, "netstat"},
222 	{ "/net/inet/(ipip|esp|ah|ipcomp)/.*_stats",
223 						printother, NULL, "netstat"},
224 	{ "/net/inet/ipsec/ipsecstats",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
225 	{ "/net/bpf/(stats|peers)",		printother, NULL, "netstat"},
226 
227 	{ "/net/inet.*/tcp.*/deb.*",		printother, NULL, "trpt" },
228 
229 	{ "/net/inet.*/ip.*/anonportalgo/reserve", reserve, reserve, NULL },
230 
231 	{ "/net/ns/spp/deb.*",			printother, NULL, "trsp" },
232 
233 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
234 
235 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
236 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev, NULL, NULL },
237 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
238 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
239 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo, NULL, NULL },
240 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
241 
242 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit, NULL },
243 
244 	/*
245 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
246 	 */
247 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
248 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
249 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
250 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
251 
252 	{ NULL,					NULL, NULL, NULL },
253 };
254 
255 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
256 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
257 	.sysctl_size = sizeof(struct sysctlnode),
258 	.sysctl_num = 0,
259 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
260 };
261 
262 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
263 size_t	nr;
264 char	*fn;
265 int	req, stale, errs;
266 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
267 
268 #define MAXPORTS	0x10000
269 
270 /*
271  * vah-riables n stuff
272  */
273 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
274 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
275 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
276 char sep[] = ".";
277 const char *eq = " = ";
278 const char *lname[] = {
279 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
280 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
281 };
282 
283 /*
284  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
285  */
286 int
287 main(int argc, char *argv[])
288 {
289 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
290 	int ch;
291 	size_t lastcompiled = 0;
292 	regex_t *re;
293 
294 	setprogname(argv[0]);
295 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
296 		switch (ch) {
297 		case 'A':
298 			Aflag++;
299 			break;
300 		case 'a':
301 			aflag++;
302 			break;
303 		case 'd':
304 			dflag++;
305 			break;
306 		case 'e':
307 			eq = "=";
308 			break;
309 		case 'f':
310 			fn = optarg;
311 			wflag++;
312 			break;
313 		case 'M':
314 			Mflag++;
315 			break;
316 		case 'n':
317 			nflag++;
318 			break;
319 		case 'q':
320 			qflag++;
321 			break;
322 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
323 		case 'r':
324 			rflag++;
325 			break;
326 		case 'w':
327 			wflag++;
328 			break;
329 		case 'x':
330 			xflag++;
331 			break;
332 		default:
333 			usage();
334 		}
335 	}
336 
337 	argc -= optind;
338 	argv += optind;
339 
340 	if (xflag && rflag)
341 		usage();
342 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
343 		usage(); */
344 	/* if (aflag && (Mflag || qflag))
345 		usage(); */
346 	if ((aflag || Aflag) && qflag)
347 		usage();
348 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
349 		aflag = 1;
350 
351 	if (prog_init && prog_init() == -1)
352 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "prog init failed");
353 
354 	if (Aflag)
355 		warnfp = stdout;
356 	stale = req = 0;
357 
358 	if ((re = malloc(sizeof(*re) * __arraycount(handlers))) == NULL)
359 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "malloc regex");
360 
361 	if (aflag) {
362 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1,
363 		    re, &lastcompiled);
364 		/* if (argc == 0) */
365 		return (0);
366 	}
367 
368 	if (fn) {
369 		FILE *fp;
370 		char *l;
371 
372 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
373 		if (fp == NULL) {
374 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", fn);
375 		} else {
376 			nr = 0;
377 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
378 			{
379 				if (*l) {
380 					parse(l, re, &lastcompiled);
381 					free(l);
382 				}
383 			}
384 			fclose(fp);
385 		}
386 		return errs ? 1 : 0;
387 	}
388 
389 	if (argc == 0)
390 		usage();
391 
392 	while (argc-- > 0)
393 		parse(*argv++, re, &lastcompiled);
394 
395 	return errs ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
396 }
397 
398 /*
399  * ********************************************************************
400  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
401  * writing) of a particular node
402  * ********************************************************************
403  */
404 static const struct handlespec *
405 findhandler(const char *s, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
406 {
407 	const struct handlespec *p;
408 	size_t i, l;
409 	int j;
410 	char eb[64];
411 	regmatch_t match;
412 
413 	p = &handlers[0];
414 	l = strlen(s);
415 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
416 		if (i >= *lastcompiled) {
417 			j = regcomp(&re[i], p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
418 			if (j != 0) {
419 				regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
420 				errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
421 			}
422 			*lastcompiled = i + 1;
423 		}
424 		j = regexec(&re[i], s, 1, &match, 0);
425 		if (j == 0) {
426 			if (match.rm_so == 0 && match.rm_eo == (int)l)
427 				return &p[i];
428 		}
429 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
430 			regerror(j, &re[i], eb, sizeof(eb));
431 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
432 		}
433 	}
434 
435 	return NULL;
436 }
437 
438 /*
439  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
440  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
441  */
442 static void
443 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
444 {
445 	const char *t;
446 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
447 	int l;
448 
449 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
450 		o[0] = '/';
451 		o[1] = '\0';
452 	}
453 	else
454 		o[0] = '\0';
455 
456 	t = i;
457 	do {
458 		i = t;
459 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
460 		if (t == NULL)
461 			strcat(o, i);
462 		else {
463 			l = t - i;
464 			t++;
465 			memcpy(p, i, l);
466 			p[l] = '\0';
467 			strcat(o, p);
468 			strcat(o, "/");
469 		}
470 	} while (t != NULL);
471 }
472 
473 /*
474  * ********************************************************************
475  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
476  * mib
477  * ********************************************************************
478  */
479 static const char *
480 sf(u_int f)
481 {
482 	static char s[256];
483 	const char *c;
484 
485 	s[0] = '\0';
486 	c = "";
487 
488 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
489 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
490 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
491 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
492 		(_c) = ","; \
493 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
494 	}
495 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
496 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
497 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
498 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
499 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
500 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
501 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
502 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
503 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
504 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
505 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
506 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
507 #undef print_flag
508 
509 	if (f) {
510 		char foo[9];
511 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
512 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
513 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
514 	}
515 
516 	return (s);
517 }
518 
519 static const char *
520 st(u_int t)
521 {
522 
523 	switch (t) {
524 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
525 		return "NODE";
526 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
527 		return "INT";
528 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
529 		return "STRING";
530 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
531                 return "QUAD";
532 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
533 		return "STRUCT";
534 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
535 		return "BOOL";
536 	}
537 
538 	return "???";
539 }
540 
541 /*
542  * ********************************************************************
543  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
544  * ********************************************************************
545  */
546 static void
547 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
548 {
549 	struct sysctlnode *node;
550 
551 	if (rnode == NULL ||
552 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
553 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
554 		return;
555 
556 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
557 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
558 	     node++)
559 		purge_tree(node);
560 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
561 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
562 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
563 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
564 
565 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
566 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
567 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
568 		free(__UNCONST(rnode->sysctl_desc));
569 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
570 }
571 
572 static void __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 3, 4)))
573 appendprintf(char **bp, size_t *lbp, const char *fmt, ...)
574 {
575 	int r;
576 	va_list ap;
577 
578 	va_start(ap, fmt);
579 	r = vsnprintf(*bp, *lbp, fmt, ap);
580 	va_end(ap);
581 	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r > *lbp)
582 		r = *lbp;
583 	*bp += r;
584 	*lbp -= r;
585 }
586 
587 /*
588  * ********************************************************************
589  * print this node and any others underneath it
590  * ********************************************************************
591  */
592 static void
593 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
594    int add, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
595 {
596 	struct sysctlnode *node;
597 	int rc;
598 	size_t ni, sz, ldp, lsp;
599 	char *sp, *dp, *tsp, *tdp;
600 	const struct handlespec *p;
601 
602 	sp = tsp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
603 	dp = tdp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
604 	ldp = sizeof(gdname) - (dp - gdname);
605 	lsp = sizeof(gsname) - (sp - gsname);
606 
607 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
608 		/*
609 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
610 		 */
611 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++)
612 			appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", ni > 0 ? "." : "",
613 			    name[ni]);
614 	}
615 
616 	if (pnode == NULL)
617 		pnode = &my_root;
618 	else if (add) {
619 		appendprintf(&tsp, &lsp, "%s%s", namelen > 1 ? sep : "",
620 			pnode->sysctl_name);
621 		appendprintf(&tdp, &ldp, "%s%d", namelen > 1 ? "." : "",
622 			pnode->sysctl_num);
623 	}
624 
625 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
626 		if (nflag)
627 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
628 		else
629 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
630 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
631 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
632 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
633 				printf(", alias %d",
634 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
635 			else
636 				printf(", children %d/%d",
637 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
638 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
639 		}
640 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
641 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
642 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
643 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
644 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
645 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
646 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
647 		printf("\n");
648 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
649 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
650 			return;
651 		}
652 	}
653 
654 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
655 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
656 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
657 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
658 			if (Aflag || !add ||
659 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
660 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
661 				if (!nflag)
662 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
663 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
664 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
665 					printf("(no description)\n");
666 				else
667 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
668 			}
669 		}
670 
671 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
672 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
673 			return;
674 		}
675 	}
676 
677 	/*
678 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
679 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
680 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
681 	 * name specifically.
682 	 */
683 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
684 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
685 		return;
686 	}
687 
688 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
689 	p = findhandler(canonname, re, lastcompiled);
690 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
691 		if (p->ps_p == NULL) {
692 			sysctlperror("Cannot print `%s': %s\n", gsname,
693 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
694 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
695 		}
696 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
697 			   __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
698 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
699 		return;
700 	}
701 
702 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
703 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
704 		if (rc == -1) {
705 			sysctlerror(1);
706 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
707 			return;
708 		}
709 		if (sz == 0) {
710 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
711 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
712 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
713 			return;
714 		}
715 	}
716 	else
717 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
718 
719 	switch (type) {
720 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
721 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
722 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
723 		if (node == NULL) {
724 			if (dflag)
725 				/* do nothing */;
726 			else if (p != NULL)
727 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
728 					   pnode, type, __UNCONST(p->ps_d));
729 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
730 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
731 		}
732 		else {
733 			if (dflag)
734 				/*
735 				 * get all descriptions for next level
736 				 * in one chunk
737 				 */
738 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
739 			req = 0;
740 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
741 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
742 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
743 				    !(Aflag || req))
744 					continue;
745 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
746 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
747 					   1, re, lastcompiled);
748 			}
749 		}
750 		break;
751 	}
752 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
753 		int i;
754 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
755 		if (rc == -1) {
756 			sysctlerror(1);
757 			break;
758 		}
759 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
760 		break;
761 	}
762 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL: {
763 		bool b;
764 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &b, &sz, NULL, 0);
765 		if (rc == -1) {
766 			sysctlerror(1);
767 			break;
768 		}
769 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &b, sizeof(b), DISPLAY_VALUE);
770 		break;
771 	}
772 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
773 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
774 		tbuf = buf;
775 		sz = sizeof(buf);
776 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
777 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
778 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
779 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
780 				sysctlerror(1);
781 				break;
782 			}
783 			rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
784 		}
785 		if (rc == -1)
786 			sysctlerror(1);
787 		else
788 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
789 		if (tbuf != buf)
790 			free(tbuf);
791 		break;
792 	}
793 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
794 		u_quad_t q;
795 		sz = sizeof(q);
796 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
797 		if (rc == -1) {
798 			sysctlerror(1);
799 			break;
800 		}
801 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
802 		break;
803 	}
804 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
805 		/*
806 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
807 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
808 		 * do other than completely ignore the
809 		 * request.
810 		 */
811 		unsigned char *d;
812 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
813 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
814 			break;
815 		}
816 		rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
817 		if (rc == -1) {
818 			sysctlerror(1);
819 			break;
820 		}
821 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
822 		free(d);
823 		break;
824 	}
825 	default:
826 		/* should i print an error here? */
827 		break;
828 	}
829 
830 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
831 }
832 
833 /*
834  * ********************************************************************
835  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
836  * request
837  * ********************************************************************
838  */
839 static void
840 parse(char *l, regex_t *re, size_t *lastcompiled)
841 {
842 	struct sysctlnode *node;
843 	const struct handlespec *w;
844 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
845 	u_int namelen, type;
846 	char *key, *value, *dot;
847 	size_t sz;
848 	bool optional = false;
849 
850 	req = 1;
851 	key = l;
852 
853 	if ((value = strchr(l, '=')) != NULL) {
854 		if (value > l && value[-1] == '?') {
855 			value[-1] = '\0';
856 			optional = true;
857 		}
858 		*value++ = '\0';
859 	}
860 
861 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
862 		sep[0] = '.';
863 	else
864 		sep[0] = dot[0];
865 	sep[1] = '\0';
866 
867 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
868 		if (value != NULL)
869 			value[-1] = '=';
870 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
871 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
872 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
873 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
874 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
875 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
876 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
877 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
878 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
879 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
880 				parse_describe(key);
881 			else {
882 				if (!dflag)
883 					dodesc = 1;
884 				break;
885 			}
886 		}
887 		else
888 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
889 		return;
890 	}
891 
892 	if (stale) {
893 		purge_tree(&my_root);
894 		stale = 0;
895 	}
896 	node = &my_root;
897 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
898 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
899 
900 	if (prog_sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
901 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
902 		if (optional)
903 			return;
904 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
905 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
906 	}
907 
908 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
909 
910 	if (value == NULL) {
911 		if (dodesc)
912 			dflag = 1;
913 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
914 		if (dodesc)
915 			dflag = 0;
916 		gsname[0] = '\0';
917 		return;
918 	}
919 
920 	if (fn)
921 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
922 
923 	if (!wflag) {
924 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
925 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
926 	}
927 
928 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
929 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, re,
930 	    lastcompiled)) != NULL) {
931 		if (w->ps_w == NULL) {
932 			sysctlperror("Cannot write `%s': %s\n", gsname,
933 			    strerror(EOPNOTSUPP));
934 			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
935 		}
936 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
937 			   __UNCONST(w->ps_d));
938 		gsname[0] = '\0';
939 		return;
940 	}
941 
942 	switch (type) {
943 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
944 		/*
945 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
946 		 */
947 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1, re,
948 		    lastcompiled);
949 		break;
950 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
951 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
952 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
953 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value, optional);
954 		break;
955 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
956 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value, optional);
957 		break;
958 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
959 		/*
960 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
961 		 */
962 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
963 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0, re, lastcompiled);
964 		break;
965 	}
966 }
967 
968 /*
969 
970   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
971   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
972   [size=###,]
973   [n=###,]
974   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
975   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
976 
977   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
978   else.  nodes can have [rwhp], but nothing else applies.  if no
979   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
980   with [rw] being read-only and unconditionally writeable
981   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
982   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
983   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
984   specify both value and addr.
985 
986 */
987 
988 static void
989 parse_create(char *l)
990 {
991 	struct sysctlnode node;
992 	size_t sz;
993 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
994 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
995 	u_int namelen, type;
996 	u_quad_t uq;
997 	quad_t q;
998 	bool b;
999 
1000 	if (!wflag) {
1001 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
1002 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1003 	}
1004 
1005 	/*
1006 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
1007 	 * node
1008 	 */
1009 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1010 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
1011 	flags = 0;
1012 	rw = -1;
1013 	type = 0;
1014 	sz = 0;
1015 	data = addr = NULL;
1016 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1017 	namelen = 0;
1018 	method = 0;
1019 
1020 	/*
1021 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
1022 	 */
1023 	i = 0;
1024 	b = false;
1025 	uq = 0;
1026 	key = NULL;
1027 	value = NULL;
1028 
1029 	/*
1030 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
1031 	 * pick it off.
1032 	 */
1033 	nname = l;
1034 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
1035 		*c++ = '\0';
1036 
1037 	while (c != NULL) {
1038 
1039 		/*
1040 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
1041 		 */
1042 		key = c;
1043 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
1044 			*t++ = '\0';
1045 			value = t;
1046 		}
1047 		else
1048 			value = NULL;
1049 
1050 		/*
1051 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
1052 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
1053 		 * the next comma.
1054 		 */
1055 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
1056 			c = NULL;
1057 			data = value;
1058 			break;
1059 		}
1060 		else if (value) {
1061 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
1062 				*c++ = '\0';
1063 		}
1064 
1065 		/*
1066 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of prog_sysctl(8)
1067 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
1068 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
1069 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
1070 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
1071 		 */
1072 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
1073 			/*
1074 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
1075 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
1076 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
1077 			 */
1078 			if (method != 0) {
1079 				sysctlperror(
1080 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1081 				    nname,
1082 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1083 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1084 			}
1085 			if (value == NULL) {
1086 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1087 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1088 			}
1089 			errno = 0;
1090 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1091 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1092 				sysctlperror(
1093 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1094 				    nname, value);
1095 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1096 			}
1097 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1098 		}
1099 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1100 			if (method != 0) {
1101 				sysctlperror(
1102 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1103 				    nname,
1104 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1105 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1106 			}
1107 			addr = value;
1108 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1109 		}
1110 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1111 			if (value == NULL) {
1112 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1113 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1114 			}
1115 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1116 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1117 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1118 				sz = sizeof(int);
1119 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1120 			}
1121 			else if (strcmp(value, "bool") == 0) {
1122 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1123 				type = CTLTYPE_BOOL;
1124 			}
1125 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1126 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1127 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1128 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1129 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1130 			}
1131 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1132 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1133 			else {
1134 				sysctlperror(
1135 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1136 					nname, value);
1137 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1138 			}
1139 		}
1140 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1141 			if (value == NULL) {
1142 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1143 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1144 			}
1145 			errno = 0;
1146 			/*
1147 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1148 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1149 			 * right?
1150 			 */
1151 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1152 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1153 				sysctlperror(
1154 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1155 					nname, value);
1156 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1157 			}
1158 		}
1159 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1160 			if (value == NULL) {
1161 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1162 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1163 			}
1164 			errno = 0;
1165 			q = strtoll(value, &t, 0);
1166 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1167 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1168 				sysctlperror(
1169 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1170 				    nname, value);
1171 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1172 			}
1173 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1174 		}
1175 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1176 			if (value == NULL) {
1177 				sysctlperror("%s: missing value\n", nname);
1178 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1179 			}
1180 			t = value;
1181 			while (*t != '\0') {
1182 				switch (*t) {
1183 				case 'a':
1184 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1185 					break;
1186 				case 'h':
1187 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1188 					break;
1189 				case 'i':
1190 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1191 					break;
1192 				case 'o':
1193 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1194 					break;
1195 				case 'p':
1196 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1197 					break;
1198 				case 'u':
1199 					flags |= CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED;
1200 					break;
1201 				case 'x':
1202 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1203 					break;
1204 
1205 				case 'r':
1206 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1207 					break;
1208 				case 'w':
1209 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1210 					break;
1211 				default:
1212 					sysctlperror(
1213 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1214 					    nname, *t);
1215 					EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1216 				}
1217 				t++;
1218 			}
1219 		}
1220 		else {
1221 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1222 				     nname, key);
1223 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1224 		}
1225 	}
1226 
1227 	/*
1228 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1229 	 * anything they didn't specify
1230 	 */
1231 	if (type == 0)
1232 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1233 
1234 	/*
1235 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1236 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1237 	 */
1238 	if (data != NULL) {
1239 		if (addr != NULL) {
1240 			sysctlperror(
1241 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1242 				"address\n", nname);
1243 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1244 		}
1245 
1246 		switch (type) {
1247 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1248 			errno = 0;
1249 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1250 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1251 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1252 				sysctlperror(
1253 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1254 				    nname, value);
1255 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1256 			}
1257 			i = (int)q;
1258 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1259 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1260 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1261 			}
1262 			else
1263 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1264 			if (sz == 0)
1265 				sz = sizeof(int);
1266 			break;
1267 		case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1268 			errno = 0;
1269 			q = strtoll(data, &t, 0);
1270 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1271 				(q != 0 && q != 1)) {
1272 				sysctlperror(
1273 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid bool\n",
1274 				    nname, value);
1275 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1276 			}
1277 			b = q == 1;
1278 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1279 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1280 				node.sysctl_idata = b;
1281 			}
1282 			else
1283 				node.sysctl_data = &b;
1284 			if (sz == 0)
1285 				sz = sizeof(bool);
1286 			break;
1287 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1288 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1289 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1290 			if (sz == 0)
1291 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1292 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1293 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1294 					"string node, too small for given "
1295 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1296 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1297 			}
1298 			break;
1299 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1300 			errno = 0;
1301 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1302 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1303 				sysctlperror(
1304 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1305 					nname, value);
1306 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1307 			}
1308 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1309 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1310 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1311 			}
1312 			else
1313 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1314 			if (sz == 0)
1315 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1316 			break;
1317 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1318 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1319 				     nname);
1320 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1321 		}
1322 
1323 		/*
1324 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1325 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1326 		 */
1327 	}
1328 
1329 	/*
1330 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1331 	 * fine.
1332 	 */
1333 	else if (addr != 0)
1334 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1335 
1336 	/*
1337 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1338 	 * manage that.
1339 	 */
1340 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1341 		if (sz == 0) {
1342 			sysctlperror(
1343 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1344 			    nname);
1345                         EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1346                 }
1347 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1348 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	/*
1352 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1353 	 * assembled
1354 	 */
1355 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1356 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1357 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1358 			     nname,
1359 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1360 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1361 	}
1362 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1363 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1364 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1365 	}
1366 
1367 	/*
1368 	 * some types must have a particular size
1369 	 */
1370 	if (sz != 0) {
1371 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1372 		    (type == CTLTYPE_BOOL && sz != sizeof(bool)) ||
1373 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1374 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1375 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1376 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1377 		}
1378 	}
1379 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1380 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1381 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1382 	}
1383 
1384 	/*
1385 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1386 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1387 	 * else being readonly.
1388 	 */
1389 	if (rw == -1) {
1390 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1391 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1392 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1393 		else
1394 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1395 	}
1396 
1397 	/*
1398 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1399 	 * writeable by us.
1400 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1401 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1402 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1403 	}
1404 	 */
1405 
1406 	/*
1407 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1408 	 * node?
1409 	 */
1410 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1411 		sep[0] = '.';
1412 	else
1413 		sep[0] = t[0];
1414 	sep[1] = '\0';
1415 
1416 	/*
1417 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1418 	 */
1419 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1420 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1421 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1422 	if (t != NULL)
1423 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1424 	else
1425 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1426 	if (t == nname)
1427 		t = NULL;
1428 
1429 	/*
1430 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1431 	 * the mib for its parent
1432 	 */
1433 	if (t == NULL) {
1434 		namelen = 0;
1435 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1436 	}
1437 
1438 	/*
1439 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1440 	 */
1441 	else {
1442 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1443 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1444 		*t = '\0';
1445 		rc = prog_sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1446 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1447 		*t = sep[0];
1448 		if (rc == -1) {
1449 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1450 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1451 		}
1452 	}
1453 
1454 	/*
1455 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1456 	 */
1457 	if (method != 0)
1458 		name[namelen++] = method;
1459 	else
1460 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1461 
1462 	sz = sizeof(node);
1463 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1464 
1465 	if (rc == -1) {
1466 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1467 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1468 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1469 	}
1470 	else {
1471 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1472 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1473 		stale = 1;
1474 	}
1475 }
1476 
1477 static void
1478 parse_destroy(char *l)
1479 {
1480 	struct sysctlnode node;
1481 	size_t sz;
1482 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1483 	u_int namelen;
1484 
1485 	if (!wflag) {
1486 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1487 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1488 	}
1489 
1490 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1491 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1492 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1493 	rc = prog_sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1494 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1495 	if (rc == -1) {
1496 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1497 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1498 	}
1499 
1500 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1501 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1502 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1503 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1504 
1505 	sz = sizeof(node);
1506 	rc = prog_sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1507 
1508 	if (rc == -1) {
1509 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1510 			     l, strerror(errno));
1511 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1512 	}
1513 	else {
1514 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1515 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1516 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1517 		stale = 1;
1518 	}
1519 }
1520 
1521 static void
1522 parse_describe(char *l)
1523 {
1524 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1525 	char buf[1024], *value;
1526 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1527 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1528 	u_int namelen;
1529 	size_t sz;
1530 
1531 	if (!wflag) {
1532 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1533 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1534 	}
1535 
1536 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1537 	*value++ = '\0';
1538 
1539 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1540 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1541 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1542 	rc = prog_sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1543 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1544 	if (rc == -1) {
1545 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1546 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1547 	}
1548 
1549 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1550 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1551 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1552 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1553 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1554 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1555 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1556 	if (rc == -1)
1557 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1558 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1559 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1560 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1561 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1562 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1563 }
1564 
1565 /*
1566  * ********************************************************************
1567  * when things go wrong...
1568  * ********************************************************************
1569  */
1570 static void
1571 usage(void)
1572 {
1573 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1574 
1575 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1576 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1577 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1578 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1579 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1580 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1581 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1582 		      progname, "[-dneq] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1583 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1584 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1585 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1586 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1587 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1588 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1589 }
1590 
1591 static void
1592 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1593 {
1594 	struct sysctlnode node;
1595 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1596 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1597 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1598 	int rc;
1599 
1600 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1601 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1602 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1603 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1604 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1605 
1606 	if (rc == -1 ||
1607 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1608 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1609 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1610 		desc = (char *)-1;
1611 	else
1612 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1613 
1614 	if (desc == NULL)
1615 		desc = (char *)-1;
1616 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1617 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1618 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1619 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1620 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1621 		free(__UNCONST(pnode->sysctl_desc));
1622 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1623 }
1624 
1625 static void
1626 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1627 {
1628 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1629 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1630 	char *desc;
1631 	size_t i, sz, child_cnt;
1632 	int rc;
1633 
1634 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1635 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1636 
1637 	/*
1638 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1639 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1640 	 */
1641 	i = 0;
1642 	do {
1643 		d = malloc(sz);
1644 		if (d == NULL)
1645 			return;
1646 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1647 		if (rc == -1) {
1648 			free(d);
1649 			d = NULL;
1650 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1651 				i = 1;
1652 			else
1653 				return;
1654 		}
1655 	} while (d == NULL);
1656 
1657 	/*
1658 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1659 	 * suffice for now
1660 	 */
1661 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1662 	child_cnt = (pnode->sysctl_flags & CTLTYPE_NODE) ? pnode->sysctl_clen
1663 	    : 0;
1664 	for (i = 0; i < child_cnt; i++) {
1665 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1666 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1667 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1668 				break;
1669 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1670 			/*
1671 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1672 			 */
1673 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1674 				desc = NULL;
1675 			else
1676 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1677 			if (desc == NULL)
1678 				desc = (char *)-1;
1679 			else
1680 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1681 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1682 		}
1683 	}
1684 
1685 	free(d);
1686 }
1687 
1688 static void
1689 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1690 {
1691 	char *i, *o;
1692 
1693 	i = o = s;
1694 	if (dir & 1)
1695 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1696 			i++;
1697 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1698 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1699 	if (dir & 2)
1700 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1701 			*o-- = '\0';
1702 }
1703 
1704 void
1705 sysctlerror(int soft)
1706 {
1707 	if (soft) {
1708 		switch (errno) {
1709 		case ENOENT:
1710 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1711 		case ENOTDIR:
1712 		case EINVAL:
1713 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1714 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1715 			if (Aflag || req)
1716 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available "
1717 				    "(%s)\n", gsname, strerror(errno));
1718 			return;
1719 		}
1720 	}
1721 
1722 	if (Aflag || req)
1723 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", gsname, strerror(errno));
1724 	if (!soft)
1725 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1726 }
1727 
1728 void
1729 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1730 {
1731 
1732 	if (qflag) {
1733 		errs++;
1734 		return;
1735 	}
1736 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1737 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1738 }
1739 
1740 static void
1741 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1742 {
1743 	va_list ap;
1744 
1745 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1746 	if (fn)
1747 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1748 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1749 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1750 	va_end(ap);
1751 	errs++;
1752 }
1753 
1754 
1755 /*
1756  * ********************************************************************
1757  * how to write to a "simple" node
1758  * ********************************************************************
1759  */
1760 static void
1761 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value,
1762 	bool optional)
1763 {
1764 	u_int ii, io;
1765 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1766 	size_t si, so;
1767 	bool bi, bo;
1768 	int rc;
1769 	void *i, *o;
1770 	char *t;
1771 
1772 	if (fn)
1773 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1774 
1775 	si = so = 0;
1776 	i = o = NULL;
1777 	bi = bo = false;
1778 	errno = 0;
1779 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1780 	if (qi == UQUAD_MAX && errno == ERANGE) {
1781 		sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(errno));
1782 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1783 	}
1784 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1785 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1786 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1787 	}
1788 
1789 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1790 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1791 		ii = (u_int)qi;
1792 		io = (u_int)(qi >> 32);
1793 		if (io != (u_int)-1 && io != 0) {
1794 			sysctlperror("%s: %s\n", value, strerror(ERANGE));
1795 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1796 		}
1797 		o = &io;
1798 		so = sizeof(io);
1799 		i = &ii;
1800 		si = sizeof(ii);
1801 		break;
1802 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1803 		bi = (bool)qi;
1804 		o = &bo;
1805 		so = sizeof(bo);
1806 		i = &bi;
1807 		si = sizeof(bi);
1808 		break;
1809 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1810 		o = &qo;
1811 		so = sizeof(qo);
1812 		i = &qi;
1813 		si = sizeof(qi);
1814 		break;
1815 	}
1816 
1817 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1818 	if (rc == -1) {
1819 		if (!optional || errno != EPERM) {
1820 			sysctlerror(0);
1821 		}
1822 		return;
1823 	}
1824 
1825 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1826 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1827 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1828 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1829 		break;
1830 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1831 		display_number(node, gsname, &bo, sizeof(bo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1832 		display_number(node, gsname, &bi, sizeof(bi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1833 		break;
1834 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1835 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1836 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1837 		break;
1838 	}
1839 }
1840 
1841 static void
1842 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value,
1843 	bool optional)
1844 {
1845 	char *i, *o;
1846 	size_t si, so;
1847 	int rc;
1848 
1849 	i = value;
1850 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1851 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1852 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1853 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1854 		EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
1855 	}
1856 	o = malloc(so);
1857 	if (o == NULL) {
1858 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1859 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1860 	}
1861 
1862 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1863 	if (rc == -1) {
1864 		if (!optional || errno != EPERM) {
1865 			sysctlerror(0);
1866 		}
1867 		free(o);
1868 		return;
1869 	}
1870 
1871 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1872 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1873 	free(o);
1874 }
1875 
1876 /*
1877  * ********************************************************************
1878  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1879  * ********************************************************************
1880  */
1881 static void
1882 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1883 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1884 {
1885 	u_quad_t q;
1886 	bool b;
1887 	int i;
1888 
1889 	if (qflag)
1890 		return;
1891 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1892 		return;
1893 
1894 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1895 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1896 		return;
1897 	}
1898 
1899 	if (!nflag) {
1900 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1901 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1902 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1903 			printf("%s: ", name);
1904 	}
1905 
1906 	if (xflag > 1) {
1907 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1908 			printf("\n");
1909 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1910 		return;
1911 	}
1912 
1913 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1914 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1915 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1916 		if (xflag)
1917 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1918 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1919 			printf("%#x", i);
1920 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1921 			printf("%u", i);
1922 		else
1923 			printf("%d", i);
1924 		break;
1925 	case CTLTYPE_BOOL:
1926 		memcpy(&b, data, sz);
1927 		if (xflag)
1928 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, b);
1929 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1930 			printf("%#x", b);
1931 		else
1932 			printf("%d", b);
1933 		break;
1934 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1935 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1936 		if (xflag)
1937 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1938 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1939 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1940 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_UNSIGNED)
1941 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1942 		else
1943 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1944 		break;
1945 	}
1946 
1947 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1948 		printf(" -> ");
1949 	else
1950 		printf("\n");
1951 }
1952 
1953 static void
1954 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1955 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1956 {
1957 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1958 	int ni;
1959 
1960 	if (qflag)
1961 		return;
1962 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1963 		return;
1964 
1965 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1966 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1967 		return;
1968 	}
1969 
1970 	if (!nflag) {
1971 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1972 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1973 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1974 			printf("%s: ", name);
1975 	}
1976 
1977 	if (xflag > 1) {
1978 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1979 			printf("\n");
1980 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1981 		return;
1982 	}
1983 
1984 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1985 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1986 			if (xflag)
1987 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1988 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1989 				break;
1990 			if (!xflag)
1991 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1992 		}
1993 	}
1994 	else
1995 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1996 
1997 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1998 		printf(" -> ");
1999 	else
2000 		printf("\n");
2001 }
2002 
2003 /*ARGSUSED*/
2004 static void
2005 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
2006 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
2007 {
2008 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
2009 	int ni;
2010 	size_t more;
2011 
2012 	if (qflag)
2013 		return;
2014 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
2015 		if (Aflag || req)
2016 			sysctlperror(
2017 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
2018 			    gsname);
2019 		return;
2020 	}
2021 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
2022 		return;
2023 
2024 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
2025 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
2026 		return;
2027 	}
2028 
2029         if (!nflag) {
2030                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
2031                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
2032                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
2033                         printf("%s: ", name);
2034         }
2035 
2036 	if (xflag > 1) {
2037 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
2038 			printf("\n");
2039 		hex_dump(data, sz);
2040 		return;
2041 	}
2042 
2043 	if (sz > 16) {
2044 		more = sz - 16;
2045 		sz = 16;
2046 	}
2047 	else
2048 		more = 0;
2049 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
2050 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
2051 	if (more)
2052 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
2053 	printf("\n");
2054 }
2055 
2056 static void
2057 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
2058 {
2059 	unsigned int i;
2060 	int j;
2061 	char line[80], tmp[12];
2062 
2063 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2064 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
2065 		j = i % 16;
2066 		/* reset line */
2067 		if (j == 0) {
2068 			line[58] = '|';
2069 			line[77] = '|';
2070 			line[78] = 0;
2071 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07x", i);
2072 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
2073 		}
2074 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
2075 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
2076 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
2077 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
2078 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
2079 		/* print a full line and erase it */
2080 		if (j == 15) {
2081 			printf("%s\n", line);
2082 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
2083 		}
2084 	}
2085 	if (line[0] != ' ')
2086 		printf("%s\n", line);
2087 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
2088 }
2089 
2090 /*
2091  * ********************************************************************
2092  * functions that handle particular nodes
2093  * ********************************************************************
2094  */
2095 /*ARGSUSED*/
2096 static void
2097 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
2098 {
2099 	int rc;
2100 	void *p;
2101 	size_t sz1, sz2;
2102 
2103 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
2104 		return;
2105 
2106 	/*
2107 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
2108 	 */
2109 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
2110 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
2111 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
2112 			break;
2113 		p = malloc(sz1);
2114 		if (p == NULL)
2115 			break;
2116 		sz2 = sz1;
2117 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
2118 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
2119 			free(p);
2120 			break;
2121 		}
2122 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2123 		free(p);
2124 		return;
2125 	}
2126 
2127 	/*
2128 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
2129 	 * thing?
2130 	 */
2131 	if (v != NULL) {
2132 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
2133 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
2134 		return;
2135 	}
2136 
2137 	/*
2138 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
2139 	 */
2140 	switch (name[0]) {
2141 	case CTL_NET:
2142 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
2143 			     sname);
2144 		break;
2145 	case CTL_DEBUG:
2146 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
2147 			     sname);
2148 		break;
2149 	case CTL_DDB:
2150 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
2151 			     sname);
2152 		break;
2153 	case CTL_VENDOR:
2154 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
2155 			     sname);
2156 		break;
2157 	}
2158 }
2159 
2160 /*ARGSUSED*/
2161 static void
2162 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2163 {
2164 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2165 	size_t sz;
2166 	int rc;
2167 
2168 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2169 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2170 	if (rc == -1) {
2171 		sysctlerror(1);
2172 		return;
2173 	}
2174 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2175 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2176 
2177 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2178 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2179 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2180 		return;
2181 	}
2182 	else if (!nflag)
2183 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2184 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2185 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2186 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2187 }
2188 
2189 /*ARGSUSED*/
2190 static void
2191 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2192 {
2193 	struct timespec timespec;
2194 	time_t boottime;
2195 	size_t sz;
2196 	int rc;
2197 
2198 	sz = sizeof(timespec);
2199 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &timespec, &sz, NULL, 0);
2200 	if (rc == -1) {
2201 		sysctlerror(1);
2202 		return;
2203 	}
2204 	if (sz != sizeof(timespec))
2205 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2206 
2207 	boottime = timespec.tv_sec;
2208 	if (xflag || rflag)
2209 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timespec, sz,
2210 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2211 	else if (!nflag)
2212 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2213 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2214 	else if (nflag == 1)
2215 		printf("%lld\n", (long long)boottime);
2216 	else
2217 		printf("%lld.%9.9ld\n", (long long)timespec.tv_sec,
2218 		       timespec.tv_nsec);
2219 }
2220 
2221 /*ARGSUSED*/
2222 static void
2223 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2224 {
2225 	dev_t cons;
2226 	size_t sz;
2227 	int rc;
2228 
2229 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2230 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2231 	if (rc == -1) {
2232 		sysctlerror(1);
2233 		return;
2234 	}
2235 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2236 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2237 
2238 	if (xflag || rflag)
2239 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2240 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2241 	else {
2242 		if (!nflag)
2243 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2244 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2245 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2246 		else
2247 			printf("0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)cons);
2248 	}
2249 }
2250 
2251 /*ARGSUSED*/
2252 static void
2253 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2254 {
2255 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2256 	size_t sz, osz;
2257 	int rc, i, n;
2258 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2259 	const char *tname;
2260 
2261 	/*
2262 	 * three things to do here.
2263 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2264 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2265 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2266 	 */
2267 
2268 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2269 		sz = sizeof(n);
2270 		rc = prog_sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2271 		if (rc != 0)
2272 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2273 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2274 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2275 	}
2276 	else {
2277 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2278 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2279 	}
2280 
2281 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2282 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2283 		sysctlerror(1);
2284 		return;
2285 	}
2286 
2287 	osz = sz;
2288 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2289 		    NULL, 0);
2290 
2291 	if (rc == -1) {
2292 		sysctlerror(1);
2293 		free(cp_time);
2294 		return;
2295 	}
2296 
2297 	/*
2298 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2299 	 */
2300 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2301 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2302 
2303 	/*
2304 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2305 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2306 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2307 	 */
2308 	if (n != -1) {
2309 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2310 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2311 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2312                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2313                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2314                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2315                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2316 		}
2317 	}
2318 
2319 	tname = sname;
2320 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2321 		if (i > 0) {
2322 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2323 				       i - 1);
2324 			tname = s;
2325 		}
2326 		if (xflag || rflag)
2327 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2328 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2329 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2330 		else {
2331 			if (!nflag)
2332 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2333 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2334 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2335 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2336 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2337 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2338 			       "\n",
2339 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2340 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2341 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2342 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2343 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2344 		}
2345 		/*
2346 		 * Just printing the one node.
2347 		 */
2348 		if (n == -1)
2349 			break;
2350 	}
2351 
2352 	free(cp_time);
2353 }
2354 
2355 /*ARGSUSED*/
2356 static void
2357 kern_drivers(HANDLER_ARGS)
2358 {
2359 	struct kinfo_drivers *kd;
2360 	size_t sz, i;
2361 	int rc;
2362 	const char *comma;
2363 
2364 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2365 	if (rc == -1) {
2366 		sysctlerror(1);
2367 		return;
2368 	}
2369 
2370 	if (sz % sizeof(*kd))
2371 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "bad size %zu for kern.drivers", sz);
2372 
2373 	kd = malloc(sz);
2374 	if (kd == NULL) {
2375 		sysctlerror(1);
2376 		return;
2377 	}
2378 
2379 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, kd, &sz, NULL, 0);
2380 	if (rc == -1) {
2381 		sysctlerror(1);
2382 		free(kd);
2383 		return;
2384 	}
2385 
2386 	comma = "";
2387 	if (!nflag)
2388 		printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2389 	for (i = 0, sz /= sizeof(*kd); i < sz; i++) {
2390 		(void)printf("%s[%d %d %s]", comma, kd[i].d_cmajor,
2391 		    kd[i].d_bmajor, kd[i].d_name);
2392 		comma = ", ";
2393 	}
2394 	(void)printf("\n");
2395 	free(kd);
2396 }
2397 
2398 /*ARGSUSED*/
2399 static void
2400 kern_cp_id(HANDLER_ARGS)
2401 {
2402 	u_int64_t *cp_id;
2403 	size_t sz, osz;
2404 	int rc, i, n;
2405 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_id.nnnnnn")];
2406 	const char *tname;
2407 	struct sysctlnode node = *pnode;
2408 
2409 	/*
2410 	 * three things to do here.
2411 	 * case 1: print a specific cpu id (namelen == 3)
2412 	 * case 2: print all cpu ids separately (Aflag set)
2413 	 * case 3: print all cpu ids on one line
2414 	 */
2415 
2416 	if (namelen == 2) {
2417 		sz = sizeof(n);
2418 		rc = prog_sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2419 		if (rc != 0)
2420 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2421 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t);
2422 	}
2423 	else {
2424 		n = -1; /* Just print one cpu id. */
2425 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t);
2426 	}
2427 
2428 	cp_id = malloc(sz);
2429 	if (cp_id == NULL) {
2430 		sysctlerror(1);
2431 		return;
2432 	}
2433 
2434 	osz = sz;
2435 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, cp_id, &osz, NULL, 0);
2436 	if (rc == -1) {
2437 		sysctlerror(1);
2438 		free(cp_id);
2439 		return;
2440 	}
2441 
2442 	/*
2443 	 * Check that we got back what we asked for.
2444 	 */
2445 	if (osz != sz)
2446 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2447 
2448 	/* pretend for output purposes */
2449 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) |
2450 		SYSCTL_TYPE(CTLTYPE_QUAD);
2451 
2452 	tname = sname;
2453 	if (namelen == 3)
2454 		display_number(&node, tname, cp_id,
2455 			       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2456 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2457 	else if (Aflag) {
2458 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2459 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep, i);
2460 			tname = s;
2461 			display_number(&node, tname, &cp_id[i],
2462 				       sizeof(u_int64_t),
2463 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2464 		}
2465 	}
2466 	else {
2467 		if (xflag || rflag)
2468 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_id, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
2469 		else {
2470 			if (!nflag)
2471 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2472 			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
2473 				if (i)
2474 					printf(", ");
2475 				printf("%d = %" PRIu64, i, cp_id[i]);
2476 			}
2477 			printf("\n");
2478 		}
2479 	}
2480 
2481 	free(cp_id);
2482 }
2483 
2484 /*ARGSUSED*/
2485 static void
2486 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2487 {
2488 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2489 	size_t sz;
2490 	int rc;
2491 
2492 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2493 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2494 	if (rc == -1) {
2495 		sysctlerror(1);
2496 		return;
2497 	}
2498 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2499 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2500 
2501 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2502 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2503 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2504 		return;
2505 	}
2506 	if (!nflag)
2507 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2508 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2509 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2510 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2511 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2512 }
2513 
2514 /*ARGSUSED*/
2515 static void
2516 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2517 {
2518 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2519 	size_t osz, nsz;
2520 	char *t;
2521 	int rc;
2522 
2523 	if (fn)
2524 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2525 
2526 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2527 	if (value != NULL) {
2528 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2529 		newp = &nlim;
2530 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2531 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2532 		else {
2533 			errno = 0;
2534 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2535 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2536 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2537 					     sname, value);
2538 				EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2539 			}
2540 		}
2541 	}
2542 	else {
2543 		nsz = 0;
2544 		newp = NULL;
2545 	}
2546 
2547 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2548 	if (rc == -1) {
2549 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2550 		return;
2551 	}
2552 
2553 	if (newp && qflag)
2554 		return;
2555 
2556 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2557 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2558 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2559 	else
2560 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2561 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2562 
2563 	if (newp) {
2564 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2565 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2566 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2567 		else
2568 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2569 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2570 	}
2571 }
2572 
2573 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2574 /*ARGSUSED*/
2575 static void
2576 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2577 {
2578 	struct disklist *dl;
2579 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2580 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2581 	int rc;
2582 	size_t sz;
2583 	uint i, b, lim;
2584 
2585 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2586 	if (rc == -1) {
2587 		sysctlerror(1);
2588 		return;
2589 	}
2590 	dl = malloc(sz);
2591 	if (dl == NULL) {
2592 		sysctlerror(1);
2593 		return;
2594 	}
2595 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2596 	if (rc == -1) {
2597 		sysctlerror(1);
2598 		return;
2599 	}
2600 
2601 	if (!nflag)
2602 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2603 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2604 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2605 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2606 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2607 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2608 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2609 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2610 		       bi->bi_flags);
2611 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2612 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2613 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2614 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2615 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2616 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2617 		return;
2618 	}
2619 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2620 		char t = ':';
2621 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2622 		       ni->ni_devname);
2623 		for (b = 0; b < (unsigned int)ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2624 			printf("%c%x", t,
2625 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2626 	}
2627 	printf("\n");
2628 	free(dl);
2629 }
2630 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2631 
2632 /*ARGSUSED*/
2633 static void
2634 mode_bits(HANDLER_ARGS)
2635 {
2636 	char buf[12], outbuf[100];
2637 	int o, m, *newp, rc;
2638 	size_t osz, nsz;
2639 	mode_t om, mm;
2640 
2641 	if (fn)
2642 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2643 
2644 	newp = NULL;
2645 	osz = sizeof(o);
2646 	if (value != NULL) {
2647 		void *foo;
2648 		int tt;
2649 		size_t ttsz = sizeof(tt);
2650 		mode_t old_umask;
2651 
2652 		nsz = sizeof(m);
2653 		newp = &m;
2654 		errno = 0;
2655 		rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &tt, &ttsz, NULL, 0);
2656 		if (rc == -1) {
2657 			sysctlperror("%s: failed query\n", sname);
2658 			return;
2659 		}
2660 
2661 		old_umask = umask(0);
2662 		foo = setmode(value);
2663 		umask(old_umask);
2664 		if (foo == NULL) {
2665 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2666 				     value);
2667 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2668 		}
2669 		old_umask = umask(0);
2670 		m = getmode(foo, (mode_t)tt);
2671 		umask(old_umask);
2672 		if (errno) {
2673 			sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is an invalid mode\n", sname,
2674 				     value);
2675 			EXIT(EXIT_FAILURE);
2676 		}
2677 	}
2678 	else {
2679 		nsz = 0;
2680 		newp = NULL;
2681 	}
2682 
2683 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, newp, nsz);
2684 	if (rc == -1) {
2685 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2686 		return;
2687 	}
2688 
2689 	if (newp && qflag)
2690 		return;
2691 
2692 	om = (mode_t)o;
2693 	mm = (mode_t)m;
2694 
2695 	if (rflag || xflag)
2696 		display_number(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2697 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2698 	else {
2699 		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2700 		strmode(om, buf);
2701 		rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", om, buf + 1);
2702 		display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2703 	}
2704 
2705 	if (newp) {
2706 		if (rflag || xflag)
2707 			display_number(pnode, sname, &m, sizeof(m),
2708 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2709 		else {
2710 			memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
2711 			strmode(mm, buf);
2712 			rc = snprintf(outbuf, sizeof(outbuf), "%04o (%s)", mm, buf + 1);
2713 			display_string(pnode, sname, outbuf, rc, DISPLAY_NEW);
2714 		}
2715 	}
2716 }
2717 
2718 typedef __BITMAP_TYPE(, uint32_t, 0x10000) bitmap;
2719 
2720 static char *
2721 bitmask_print(const bitmap *o)
2722 {
2723 	char *s, *os;
2724 
2725 	s = os = NULL;
2726 	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAXPORTS; i++)
2727 		if (__BITMAP_ISSET(i, o)) {
2728 			int rv;
2729 
2730 			if (os)
2731 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%s,%zu", os, i);
2732 			else
2733 			    	rv = asprintf(&s, "%zu", i);
2734 			if (rv == -1)
2735 				err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 1", __func__);
2736 			free(os);
2737 			os = s;
2738 		}
2739 	if (s == NULL && (s = strdup("")) == NULL)
2740 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s 2", __func__);
2741 	return s;
2742 }
2743 
2744 static void
2745 bitmask_scan(const void *v, bitmap *o)
2746 {
2747 	char *s = strdup(v);
2748 	if (s == NULL)
2749 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", __func__);
2750 
2751 	__BITMAP_ZERO(o);
2752 	for (s = strtok(s, ","); s; s = strtok(NULL, ",")) {
2753 		char *e;
2754 		errno = 0;
2755 		unsigned long l = strtoul(s, &e, 0);
2756 		if ((l == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE) || s == e || *e)
2757 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid port: %s", s);
2758 		if (l >= MAXPORTS)
2759 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Port out of range: %s", s);
2760 		__BITMAP_SET(l, o);
2761 	}
2762 }
2763 
2764 
2765 static void
2766 reserve(HANDLER_ARGS)
2767 {
2768 	int rc;
2769 	size_t osz, nsz;
2770 	bitmap o, n;
2771 
2772 	if (fn)
2773 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2774 
2775 	osz = sizeof(o);
2776 	if (value) {
2777 		bitmask_scan(value, &n);
2778 		value = (char *)&n;
2779 		nsz = sizeof(n);
2780 	} else
2781 		nsz = 0;
2782 
2783 	rc = prog_sysctl(name, namelen, &o, &osz, value, nsz);
2784 	if (rc == -1) {
2785 		sysctlerror(value == NULL);
2786 		return;
2787 	}
2788 
2789 	if (value && qflag)
2790 		return;
2791 
2792 	if (rflag || xflag)
2793 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &o, sizeof(o),
2794 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2795 	else {
2796 		char *s = bitmask_print(&o);
2797 		display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s),
2798 		    value ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2799 		free(s);
2800 	}
2801 
2802 	if (value) {
2803 		if (rflag || xflag)
2804 			display_struct(pnode, sname, &n, sizeof(n),
2805 			    DISPLAY_NEW);
2806 		else {
2807 			char *s = bitmask_print(&n);
2808 			display_string(pnode, sname, s, strlen(s), DISPLAY_NEW);
2809 			free(s);
2810 		}
2811 	}
2812 }
2813