xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 23c8222edbfb0f0932d88a8351d3a0cf817dfb9e)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.95 2004/10/17 11:04:39 jdolecek Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
19  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
20  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
23  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
24  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
25  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
26  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
27  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
28  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
29  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
30  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
31  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
32  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 /*
36  * Copyright (c) 1993
37  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
38  *
39  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41  * are met:
42  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
48  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
49  *    without specific prior written permission.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
52  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
53  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
54  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
55  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
56  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
57  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
58  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
59  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
60  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
61  * SUCH DAMAGE.
62  */
63 
64 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
65 #ifndef lint
66 __COPYRIGHT(
67 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\n\
68 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
69 #endif /* not lint */
70 
71 #ifndef lint
72 #if 0
73 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
74 #else
75 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.95 2004/10/17 11:04:39 jdolecek Exp $");
76 #endif
77 #endif /* not lint */
78 
79 #include <sys/types.h>
80 #include <sys/param.h>
81 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
82 #include <sys/mount.h>
83 #include <sys/resource.h>
84 #include <sys/stat.h>
85 #include <sys/sched.h>
86 #include <sys/socket.h>
87 #include <netinet/in.h>
88 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
90 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
91 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
92 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
93 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
94 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
95 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
96 #include <machine/cpu.h>
97 #include <netkey/key_var.h>
98 
99 #include <assert.h>
100 #include <ctype.h>
101 #include <err.h>
102 #include <errno.h>
103 #include <inttypes.h>
104 #include <stdarg.h>
105 #include <stdio.h>
106 #include <stdlib.h>
107 #include <string.h>
108 #include <time.h>
109 #include <unistd.h>
110 
111 /*
112  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
113  */
114 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
115 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
116 	u_int, void *
117 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
118 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
119 	u_int type, void *v
120 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
121 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
122 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
123 
124 /*
125  * generic routines
126  */
127 static const struct handlespec *findprinter(const int *, u_int);
128 static const struct handlespec *findwriter(const int *, u_int);
129 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int);
130 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
131 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
132 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
133 			   const void *, size_t, int);
134 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
135 			   const void *, size_t, int);
136 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
137 			   const void *, size_t, int);
138 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
139 static void usage(void);
140 static void parse(char *);
141 static void parse_create(char *);
142 static void parse_destroy(char *);
143 static void parse_describe(char *);
144 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
145 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
146 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
147 static void sysctlerror(int);
148 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
149 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...);
150 #define EXIT(n) do { \
151 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
152 
153 /*
154  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
155  */
156 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
157 
158 /*
159  * "handlers"
160  */
161 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
162 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
163 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
169 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
171 
172 static const struct handlespec {
173 	int ps_name[CTL_MAXNAME];
174 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
175 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
176 	void *ps_d;
177 } handlers[] = {
178 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_CLOCKRATE },	kern_clockrate },
179 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_VNODE },	printother,	NULL,	"pstat" },
180 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC },	printother,	NULL,	"ps" },
181 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC2 },	printother,	NULL,	"ps" },
182 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC_ARGS },	printother,	NULL,	"ps" },
183 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_FILE },	printother,	NULL,	"pstat" },
184 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_NTPTIME },	printother,	NULL,
185 	  "ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
186 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_MSGBUF },	printother,	NULL,	"dmesg" },
187 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_BOOTTIME },	kern_boottime },
188 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_CONSDEV },	kern_consdev },
189 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_CP_TIME, -1 }, kern_cp_time },
190 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_CP_TIME },	kern_cp_time },
191 	{ { CTL_KERN, KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO }, printother,	NULL,	"ipcs" },
192 	{ { CTL_VM,   VM_METER },	printother,	NULL,
193 	  "vmstat' or 'systat" },
194 	{ { CTL_VM,   VM_LOADAVG },	vm_loadavg },
195 	{ { CTL_VM,   VM_UVMEXP },	printother,	NULL,
196 	  "vmstat' or 'systat" },
197 	{ { CTL_VM,   VM_UVMEXP2 },	printother,	NULL,
198 	  "vmstat' or 'systat" },
199 	{ { CTL_VFS,  2 /* NFS */, NFS_NFSSTATS },
200 					printother,	NULL,	"nfsstat" },
201 	{ { CTL_NET },			printother,	NULL,	NULL },
202 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_LOCAL },	printother,	NULL,	NULL },
203 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_INET, IPPROTO_TCP, TCPCTL_IDENT },
204 					printother,	NULL,	"identd" },
205 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_TCP, TCPCTL_IDENT },
206 					printother,	NULL,	"identd" },
207 
208 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMPV6CTL_ND6_DRLIST },
209 					printother,	NULL,	"ndp" },
210 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_INET6, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMPV6CTL_ND6_PRLIST },
211 					printother,	NULL,	"ndp" },
212 
213 
214 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_KEY, KEYCTL_DUMPSA },
215 					printother,	NULL,	"setkey" },
216 	{ { CTL_NET, PF_KEY, KEYCTL_DUMPSP },
217 					printother,	NULL,	"setkey" },
218 	/* { { CTL_DEBUG },		printother,	NULL,	NULL }, */
219 	{ { CTL_HW,   HW_DISKSTATS },	printother,	NULL,	"iostat" },
220 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
221 	{ { CTL_MACHDEP, CPU_CONSDEV },	kern_consdev },
222 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
223 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
224 	{ { CTL_MACHDEP, CPU_DISKINFO },machdep_diskinfo },
225 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
226 	{ { CTL_DDB },			printother,	NULL,	NULL },
227 	{ { CTL_PROC, -1, PROC_PID_LIMIT, -1, -1 }, proc_limit, proc_limit },
228 	{ { CTL_UNSPEC }, },
229 };
230 
231 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
232 #if defined(lint)
233 	0
234 #else /* defined(lint) */
235 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
236 	sysc_init_field(_sysctl_size, sizeof(struct sysctlnode)),
237 	.sysctl_num = 0,
238 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
239 #endif /* defined(lint) */
240 };
241 
242 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
243 size_t	nr;
244 char	*fn;
245 int	req;
246 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
247 
248 /*
249  * vah-riables n stuff
250  */
251 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
252 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
253 char sep[2] = ".", *eq = " = ";
254 const char *lname[] = {
255 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
256 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
257 };
258 
259 /*
260  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
261  */
262 int
263 main(int argc, char *argv[])
264 {
265 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
266 	int ch;
267 
268 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
269 		switch (ch) {
270 		case 'A':
271 			Aflag++;
272 			break;
273 		case 'a':
274 			aflag++;
275 			break;
276 		case 'd':
277 			dflag++;
278 			break;
279 		case 'e':
280 			eq = "=";
281 			break;
282 		case 'f':
283 			fn = optarg;
284 			wflag++;
285 			break;
286 		case 'M':
287 			Mflag++;
288 			break;
289 		case 'n':
290 			nflag++;
291 			break;
292 		case 'q':
293 			qflag++;
294 			break;
295 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
296 		case 'r':
297 			rflag++;
298 			break;
299 		case 'w':
300 			wflag++;
301 			break;
302 		case 'x':
303 			xflag++;
304 			break;
305 		default:
306 			usage();
307 		}
308 	}
309 
310 	argc -= optind;
311 	argv += optind;
312 
313 	if (qflag && !wflag)
314 		usage();
315 	if (xflag && rflag)
316 		usage();
317 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
318 		usage(); */
319 	/* if (aflag && Mflag)
320 		usage(); */
321 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
322 		aflag = 1;
323 
324 	if (Aflag)
325 		warnfp = stdout;
326 	req = 0;
327 
328 	if (aflag) {
329 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
330 		/* if (argc == 0) */
331 		return (0);
332 	}
333 
334 	if (fn) {
335 		FILE *fp;
336 		char *l;
337 
338 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
339 		if (fp == NULL) {
340 			err(1, "%s", fn);
341 		} else {
342 			nr = 0;
343 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
344 			{
345 				if (*l) {
346 					parse(l);
347 					free(l);
348 				}
349 			}
350 			fclose(fp);
351 		}
352 		return (0);
353 	}
354 
355 	if (argc == 0)
356 		usage();
357 
358 	while (argc-- > 0)
359 		parse(*argv++);
360 
361 	return (0);
362 }
363 
364 /*
365  * ********************************************************************
366  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
367  * writing) of a particular node
368  * ********************************************************************
369  */
370 static const struct handlespec *
371 findprinter(const int *name, u_int namelen)
372 {
373 	const struct handlespec *p;
374 	int i, j;
375 
376 	if (namelen < 1)
377 		return (NULL);
378 
379 	p = &handlers[0];
380 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_name[0] != CTL_UNSPEC; i++) {
381 		for (j = 0; j < namelen; j++)
382 			if (p[i].ps_name[j] != name[j] &&
383 			    p[i].ps_name[j] != -1)
384 				break;
385 		if (j == namelen && p[i].ps_p != NULL)
386 			return (&p[i]);
387 	}
388 
389 	return (NULL);
390 }
391 
392 static const struct handlespec *
393 findwriter(const int *name, u_int namelen)
394 {
395 	const struct handlespec *p;
396 	int i, j;
397 
398         if (namelen < 1)
399                 return (NULL);
400 
401 	p = &handlers[0];
402 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_name[0] != CTL_UNSPEC; i++) {
403 		for (j = 0; j < namelen; j++)
404 			if (p[i].ps_name[j] != name[j] &&
405 			    p[i].ps_name[j] != -1)
406 				break;
407 		if (j == namelen && p[i].ps_w != NULL)
408 			return (&p[i]);
409 	}
410 
411 	return (NULL);
412 }
413 
414 /*
415  * ********************************************************************
416  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
417  * mib
418  * ********************************************************************
419  */
420 static const char *
421 sf(u_int f)
422 {
423 	static char s[256];
424 	char *c;
425 
426 	s[0] = '\0';
427 	c = "";
428 
429 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
430 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
431 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
432 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
433 		(_c) = ","; \
434 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
435 	}
436 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
437 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY1, READWRITE);
438 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY2, READWRITE);
439 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
440 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
441 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
442 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
443 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
444 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
445 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
446 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
447 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
448 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
449 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
450 #undef print_flag
451 
452 	if (f) {
453 		char foo[9];
454 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
455 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
456 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
457 	}
458 
459 	return (s);
460 }
461 
462 static const char *
463 st(u_int t)
464 {
465 
466 	switch (t) {
467 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
468 		return "NODE";
469 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
470 		return "INT";
471 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
472 		return "STRING";
473 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
474                 return "QUAD";
475 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
476 		return "STRUCT";
477 	}
478 
479 	return "???";
480 }
481 
482 /*
483  * ********************************************************************
484  * print this node and any others underneath it
485  * ********************************************************************
486  */
487 static void
488 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
489 	   int add)
490 {
491 	struct sysctlnode *node;
492 	int rc, ni;
493 	size_t sz;
494 	char *sp, *dp, n[20];
495 	const struct handlespec *p;
496 
497 	sp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
498 	dp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
499 
500 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
501 		/*
502 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
503 		 */
504 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++) {
505 			(void)snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", name[ni]);
506 			if (ni > 0)
507 				strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
508 			strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
509 		}
510 	}
511 
512 	if (pnode == NULL)
513 		pnode = &my_root;
514 	else if (add) {
515 		snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", pnode->sysctl_num);
516 		if (namelen > 1) {
517 			strncat(gsname, sep, sizeof(gsname));
518 			strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
519 		}
520 		strncat(gsname, pnode->sysctl_name, sizeof(gsname));
521 		strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
522 	}
523 
524 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
525 		if (nflag)
526 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
527 		else
528 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
529 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
530 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
531 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
532 				printf(", alias %d",
533 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
534 			else
535 				printf(", children %d/%d",
536 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
537 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
538 		}
539 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
540 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
541 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
542 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
543 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
544 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
545 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
546 		printf("\n");
547 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
548 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
549 			return;
550 		}
551 	}
552 
553 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
554 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
555 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
556 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
557 			if (Aflag || !add ||
558 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
559 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
560 				if (!nflag)
561 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
562 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
563 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
564 					printf("(no description)\n");
565 				else
566 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
567 			}
568 		}
569 
570 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
571 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
572 			return;
573 		}
574 	}
575 
576 	/*
577 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
578 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
579 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
580 	 * name specifically.
581 	 */
582 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
583 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
584 		return;
585 	}
586 
587 	p = findprinter(name, namelen);
588 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
589 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
590 			   p->ps_d);
591 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
592 		return;
593 	}
594 
595 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
596 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
597 		if (rc == -1) {
598 			sysctlerror(1);
599 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
600 			return;
601 		}
602 		if (sz == 0) {
603 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
604 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
605 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
606 			return;
607 		}
608 	}
609 	else
610 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
611 
612 	switch (type) {
613 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
614 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
615 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
616 		if (node == NULL) {
617 			if (dflag)
618 				/* do nothing */;
619 			else if (p != NULL)
620 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
621 					   pnode, type, p->ps_d);
622 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
623 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
624 		}
625 		else {
626 			if (dflag)
627 				/*
628 				 * get all descriptions for next level
629 				 * in one chunk
630 				 */
631 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
632 			req = 0;
633 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
634 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
635 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
636 				    !(Aflag || req))
637 					continue;
638 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
639 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
640 					   1);
641 			}
642 		}
643 		break;
644 	}
645 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
646 		int i;
647 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
648 		if (rc == -1) {
649 			sysctlerror(1);
650 			break;
651 		}
652 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
653 		break;
654 	}
655 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
656 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
657 		tbuf = buf;
658 		sz = sizeof(buf);
659 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
660 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
661 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
662 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
663 				sysctlerror(1);
664 				break;
665 			}
666 			rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
667 		}
668 		if (rc == -1)
669 			sysctlerror(1);
670 		else
671 			display_string(pnode, gsname, buf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
672 		if (tbuf != buf)
673 			free(tbuf);
674 		break;
675 	}
676 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
677 		u_quad_t q;
678 		sz = sizeof(q);
679 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
680 		if (rc == -1) {
681 			sysctlerror(1);
682 			break;
683 		}
684 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
685 		break;
686 	}
687 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
688 		/*
689 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
690 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
691 		 * do other than completely ignore the
692 		 * request.
693 		 */
694 		unsigned char *d;
695 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
696 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
697 			break;
698 		}
699 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
700 		if (rc == -1) {
701 			sysctlerror(1);
702 			break;
703 		}
704 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
705 		free(d);
706 		break;
707 	}
708 	default:
709 		/* should i print an error here? */
710 		break;
711 	}
712 
713 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
714 }
715 
716 /*
717  * ********************************************************************
718  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
719  * request
720  * ********************************************************************
721  */
722 static void
723 parse(char *l)
724 {
725 	struct sysctlnode *node;
726 	const struct handlespec *w;
727 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
728 	u_int namelen, type;
729 	char *key, *value, *dot;
730 	size_t sz;
731 
732 	req = 1;
733 	key = l;
734 	value = strchr(l, '=');
735 	if (value != NULL)
736 		*value++ = '\0';
737 
738 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
739 		sep[0] = '.';
740 	else
741 		sep[0] = dot[0];
742 	sep[1] = '\0';
743 
744 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
745 		if (value != NULL)
746 			value[-1] = '=';
747 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
748 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
749 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
750 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
751 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
752 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
753 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
754 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
755 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
756 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
757 				parse_describe(key);
758 			else {
759 				if (!dflag)
760 					dodesc = 1;
761 				break;
762 			}
763 		}
764 		else
765 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
766 		return;
767 	}
768 
769 	node = &my_root;
770 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
771 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
772 
773 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
774 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
775 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
776 		EXIT(1);
777 	}
778 
779 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
780 
781 	if (value == NULL) {
782 		if (dodesc)
783 			dflag = 1;
784 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
785 		if (dodesc)
786 			dflag = 0;
787 		gsname[0] = '\0';
788 		return;
789 	}
790 
791 	if (fn)
792 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
793 
794 	if (!wflag) {
795 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
796 		exit(1);
797 	}
798 
799 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findwriter(name, namelen)) != NULL) {
800 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
801 			   w->ps_d);
802 		gsname[0] = '\0';
803 		return;
804 	}
805 
806 	switch (type) {
807 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
808 		/*
809 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
810 		 */
811 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
812 		break;
813 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
814 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
815 		break;
816 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
817 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
818 		break;
819 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
820 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
821 		break;
822 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
823 		/*
824 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
825 		 */
826 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
827 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
828 		break;
829 	}
830 }
831 
832 /*
833 
834   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
835   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
836   [size=###,]
837   [n=###,]
838   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
839   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
840 
841   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
842   else.  nodes can have [r12whp], but nothing else applies.  if no
843   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
844   with [r12w] being read-only, writeable below securelevel 1,
845   writeable below securelevel 2, and unconditionally writeable
846   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
847   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
848   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
849   specify both value and addr.
850 
851 */
852 
853 static void
854 parse_create(char *l)
855 {
856 	struct sysctlnode node;
857 	size_t sz;
858 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
859 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
860 	u_int namelen, type;
861 	u_quad_t uq;
862 	quad_t q;
863 
864 	if (!wflag) {
865 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
866 		exit(1);
867 	}
868 
869 	/*
870 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
871 	 * node
872 	 */
873 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
874 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
875 	flags = 0;
876 	rw = -1;
877 	type = 0;
878 	sz = 0;
879 	data = addr = NULL;
880 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
881 	namelen = 0;
882 	method = 0;
883 
884 	/*
885 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
886 	 */
887 	i = 0;
888 	uq = 0;
889 	key = NULL;
890 	value = NULL;
891 
892 	/*
893 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
894 	 * pick it off.
895 	 */
896 	nname = l;
897 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
898 		*c++ = '\0';
899 
900 	while (c != NULL) {
901 
902 		/*
903 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
904 		 */
905 		key = c;
906 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
907 			*t++ = '\0';
908 			value = t;
909 		}
910 		else
911 			value = NULL;
912 
913 		/*
914 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
915 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
916 		 * the next comma.
917 		 */
918 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
919 			c = NULL;
920 			data = value;
921 			break;
922 		}
923 		else {
924 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
925 				*c++ = '\0';
926 		}
927 
928 		/*
929 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of sysctl(8)
930 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
931 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
932 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
933 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
934 		 */
935 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
936 			/*
937 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
938 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
939 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
940 			 */
941 			if (method != 0) {
942 				sysctlperror(
943 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
944 				    nname,
945 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
946 				EXIT(1);
947 			}
948 			errno = 0;
949 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
950 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
951 				sysctlperror(
952 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
953 				    nname, value);
954 				EXIT(1);
955 			}
956 			method = CTL_CREATE;
957 		}
958 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
959 			if (method != 0) {
960 				sysctlperror(
961 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
962 				    nname,
963 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
964 				EXIT(1);
965 			}
966 			addr = value;
967 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
968 		}
969 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
970 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
971 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
972 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
973 				sz = sizeof(int);
974 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
975 			}
976 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
977 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
978 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
979 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
980 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
981 			}
982 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
983 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
984 			else {
985 				sysctlperror(
986 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
987 					nname, value);
988 				EXIT(1);
989 			}
990 		}
991 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
992 			errno = 0;
993 			/*
994 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
995 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
996 			 * right?
997 			 */
998 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
999 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1000 				sysctlperror(
1001 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1002 					nname, value);
1003 				EXIT(1);
1004 			}
1005 		}
1006 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1007 			errno = 0;
1008 			q = strtoq(value, &t, 0);
1009 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1010 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1011 				sysctlperror(
1012 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1013 				    nname, value);
1014 				EXIT(1);
1015 			}
1016 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1017 		}
1018 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1019 			t = value;
1020 			while (*t != '\0') {
1021 				switch (*t) {
1022 				case 'a':
1023 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1024 					break;
1025 				case 'h':
1026 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1027 					break;
1028 				case 'i':
1029 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1030 					break;
1031 				case 'o':
1032 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1033 					break;
1034 				case 'p':
1035 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1036 					break;
1037 				case 'x':
1038 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1039 					break;
1040 
1041 				case 'r':
1042 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1043 					break;
1044 				case '1':
1045 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY1;
1046 					break;
1047 				case '2':
1048 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY2;
1049 					break;
1050 				case 'w':
1051 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1052 					break;
1053 				default:
1054 					sysctlperror(
1055 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1056 					    nname, *t);
1057 					EXIT(1);
1058 				}
1059 				t++;
1060 			}
1061 		}
1062 		else {
1063 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1064 				     nname, key);
1065 			EXIT(1);
1066 		}
1067 	}
1068 
1069 	/*
1070 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1071 	 * anything they didn't specify
1072 	 */
1073 	if (type == 0)
1074 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1075 
1076 	/*
1077 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1078 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1079 	 */
1080 	if (data != NULL) {
1081 		if (addr != NULL) {
1082 			sysctlperror(
1083 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1084 				"address\n", nname);
1085 			EXIT(1);
1086 		}
1087 
1088 		switch (type) {
1089 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1090 			errno = 0;
1091 			q = strtoq(data, &t, 0);
1092 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1093 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1094 				sysctlperror(
1095 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1096 				    nname, value);
1097 				EXIT(1);
1098 			}
1099 			i = (int)q;
1100 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1101 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1102 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1103 			}
1104 			else
1105 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1106 			if (sz == 0)
1107 				sz = sizeof(int);
1108 			break;
1109 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1110 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1111 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1112 			if (sz == 0)
1113 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1114 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1115 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1116 					"string node, too small for given "
1117 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1118 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1119 			}
1120 			break;
1121 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1122 			errno = 0;
1123 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1124 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1125 				sysctlperror(
1126 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1127 					nname, value);
1128 				EXIT(1);
1129 			}
1130 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1131 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1132 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1133 			}
1134 			else
1135 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1136 			if (sz == 0)
1137 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1138 			break;
1139 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1140 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1141 				     nname);
1142 			EXIT(1);
1143 		}
1144 
1145 		/*
1146 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1147 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1148 		 */
1149 	}
1150 
1151 	/*
1152 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1153 	 * fine.
1154 	 */
1155 	else if (addr != 0)
1156 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1157 
1158 	/*
1159 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1160 	 * manage that.
1161 	 */
1162 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1163 		if (sz == 0) {
1164 			sysctlperror(
1165 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1166 			    nname);
1167                         EXIT(1);
1168                 }
1169 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1170 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1171 	}
1172 
1173 	/*
1174 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1175 	 * assembled
1176 	 */
1177 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1178 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1179 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1180 			     nname,
1181 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1182 		EXIT(1);
1183 	}
1184 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1185 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1186 		EXIT(1);
1187 	}
1188 
1189 	/*
1190 	 * some types must have a particular size
1191 	 */
1192 	if (sz != 0) {
1193 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1194 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1195 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1196 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1197 			EXIT(1);
1198 		}
1199 	}
1200 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1201 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1202 		EXIT(1);
1203 	}
1204 
1205 	/*
1206 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1207 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1208 	 * else being readonly.
1209 	 */
1210 	if (rw == -1) {
1211 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1212 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1213 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1214 		else
1215 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1216 	}
1217 
1218 	/*
1219 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1220 	 * writeable by us.
1221 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1222 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1223 		EXIT(1);
1224 	}
1225 	 */
1226 
1227 	/*
1228 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1229 	 * node?
1230 	 */
1231 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1232 		sep[0] = '.';
1233 	else
1234 		sep[0] = t[0];
1235 	sep[1] = '\0';
1236 
1237 	/*
1238 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1239 	 */
1240 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1241 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1242 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1243 	if (t != NULL)
1244 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1245 	else
1246 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1247 	if (t == nname)
1248 		t = NULL;
1249 
1250 	/*
1251 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1252 	 * the mib for its parent
1253 	 */
1254 	if (t == NULL) {
1255 		namelen = 0;
1256 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1257 	}
1258 
1259 	/*
1260 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1261 	 */
1262 	else {
1263 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1264 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1265 		*t = '\0';
1266 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1267 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1268 		*t = sep[0];
1269 		if (rc == -1) {
1270 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1271 			EXIT(1);
1272 		}
1273 	}
1274 
1275 	/*
1276 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1277 	 */
1278 	if (method != 0)
1279 		name[namelen++] = method;
1280 	else
1281 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1282 
1283 	sz = sizeof(node);
1284 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1285 
1286 	if (rc == -1) {
1287 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1288 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1289 		EXIT(1);
1290 	}
1291 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1292 		printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1293 }
1294 
1295 static void
1296 parse_destroy(char *l)
1297 {
1298 	struct sysctlnode node;
1299 	size_t sz;
1300 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1301 	u_int namelen;
1302 
1303 	if (!wflag) {
1304 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1305 		exit(1);
1306 	}
1307 
1308 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1309 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1310 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1311 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1312 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1313 	if (rc == -1) {
1314 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1315 		EXIT(1);
1316 	}
1317 
1318 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1319 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1320 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1321 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1322 
1323 	sz = sizeof(node);
1324 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1325 
1326 	if (rc == -1) {
1327 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1328 			     l, strerror(errno));
1329 		EXIT(1);
1330 	}
1331 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1332 		printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1333 		       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1334 }
1335 
1336 static void
1337 parse_describe(char *l)
1338 {
1339 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1340 	char buf[1024], *value;
1341 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1342 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1343 	u_int namelen;
1344 	size_t sz;
1345 
1346 	if (!wflag) {
1347 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1348 		exit(1);
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1352 	*value++ = '\0';
1353 
1354 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1355 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1356 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1357 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1358 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1359 	if (rc == -1) {
1360 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1361 		EXIT(1);
1362 	}
1363 
1364 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1365 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1366 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1367 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1368 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1369 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1370 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1371 	if (rc == -1)
1372 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1373 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1374 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1375 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1376 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1377 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1378 }
1379 
1380 /*
1381  * ********************************************************************
1382  * when things go wrong...
1383  * ********************************************************************
1384  */
1385 static void
1386 usage(void)
1387 {
1388 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1389 
1390 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1391 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1392 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1393 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1394 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1395 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1396 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1397 		      progname, "[-dne] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1398 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1399 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1400 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1401 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1402 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1403 	exit(1);
1404 }
1405 
1406 static void
1407 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1408 {
1409 	struct sysctlnode node;
1410 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1411 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1412 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1413 	int rc;
1414 
1415 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1416 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1417 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1418 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1419 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1420 
1421 	if (rc == -1 ||
1422 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1423 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1424 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1425 		desc = (char *)-1;
1426 	else
1427 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1428 
1429 	if (desc == NULL)
1430 		desc = (char *)-1;
1431 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1432 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1433 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1434 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1435 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1436 		/* LINTED mallocated it, must free it */
1437 		free((void*)pnode->sysctl_desc);
1438 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1439 }
1440 
1441 static void
1442 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1443 {
1444 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1445 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1446 	char *desc;
1447 	size_t sz;
1448 	int rc, i;
1449 
1450 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1451 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1452 
1453 	/*
1454 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1455 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1456 	 */
1457 	i = 0;
1458 	do {
1459 		d = malloc(sz);
1460 		if (d == NULL)
1461 			return;
1462 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1463 		if (rc == -1) {
1464 			free(d);
1465 			d = NULL;
1466 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1467 				i = 1;
1468 			else
1469 				return;
1470 		}
1471 	} while (d == NULL);
1472 
1473 	/*
1474 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1475 	 * suffice for now
1476 	 */
1477 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1478 	for (i = 0; i < pnode->sysctl_clen; i++) {
1479 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1480 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1481 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1482 				break;
1483 		if (p < plim && node[i].sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1484 			/*
1485 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1486 			 */
1487 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1488 				desc = NULL;
1489 			else
1490 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1491 			if (desc == NULL)
1492 				desc = (char *)-1;
1493 			else
1494 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1495 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1496 		}
1497 	}
1498 
1499 	free(d);
1500 }
1501 
1502 static void
1503 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1504 {
1505 	char *i, *o;
1506 
1507 	i = o = s;
1508 	if (dir & 1)
1509 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1510 			i++;
1511 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1512 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1513 	if (dir & 2)
1514 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1515 			*o-- = '\0';
1516 }
1517 
1518 void
1519 sysctlerror(int soft)
1520 {
1521 	if (soft) {
1522 		switch (errno) {
1523 		case ENOENT:
1524 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1525 		case ENOTDIR:
1526 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1527 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1528 			if (Aflag || req)
1529 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available\n",
1530 					     gsname);
1531 			return;
1532 		}
1533 	}
1534 
1535 	sysctlperror("%s: sysctl() failed with %s\n",
1536 		     gsname, strerror(errno));
1537 	if (!soft)
1538 		EXIT(1);
1539 }
1540 
1541 void
1542 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1543 {
1544 
1545 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1546 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1547 }
1548 
1549 static void
1550 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1551 {
1552 	va_list ap;
1553 
1554 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1555 	if (fn)
1556 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1557 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1558 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1559 	va_end(ap);
1560 }
1561 
1562 
1563 /*
1564  * ********************************************************************
1565  * how to write to a "simple" node
1566  * ********************************************************************
1567  */
1568 static void
1569 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1570 {
1571 	int ii, io;
1572 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1573 	size_t si, so;
1574 	int rc;
1575 	void *i, *o;
1576 	char *t;
1577 
1578 	if (fn)
1579 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1580 
1581 	si = so = 0;
1582 	i = o = NULL;
1583 	errno = 0;
1584 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1585 	if (errno != 0) {
1586 		sysctlperror("%s: value too large\n", value);
1587 		EXIT(1);
1588 	}
1589 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1590 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1591 		EXIT(1);
1592 	}
1593 
1594 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1595 	    case CTLTYPE_INT:
1596 		ii = (int)qi;
1597 		qo = ii;
1598 		if (qo != qi) {
1599 			sysctlperror("%s: value too large\n", value);
1600 			EXIT(1);
1601 		}
1602 		o = &io;
1603 		so = sizeof(io);
1604 		i = &ii;
1605 		si = sizeof(ii);
1606 		break;
1607 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1608 		o = &qo;
1609 		so = sizeof(qo);
1610 		i = &qi;
1611 		si = sizeof(qi);
1612 		break;
1613 	}
1614 
1615 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1616 	if (rc == -1) {
1617 		sysctlerror(0);
1618 		return;
1619 	}
1620 
1621 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1622 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1623 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1624 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1625 		break;
1626 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1627 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1628 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1629 		break;
1630 	}
1631 }
1632 
1633 static void
1634 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1635 {
1636 	char *i, *o;
1637 	size_t si, so;
1638 	int rc;
1639 
1640 	i = value;
1641 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1642 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1643 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1644 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1645 		EXIT(1);
1646 	}
1647 	o = malloc(so);
1648 	if (o == NULL) {
1649 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1650 		exit(1);
1651 	}
1652 
1653 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1654 	if (rc == -1) {
1655 		sysctlerror(0);
1656 		return;
1657 	}
1658 
1659 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1660 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1661 	free(o);
1662 }
1663 
1664 /*
1665  * ********************************************************************
1666  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1667  * ********************************************************************
1668  */
1669 static void
1670 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1671 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1672 {
1673 	u_quad_t q;
1674 	int i;
1675 
1676 	if (qflag)
1677 		return;
1678 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1679 		return;
1680 
1681 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1682 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1683 		return;
1684 	}
1685 
1686 	if (!nflag) {
1687 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1688 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1689 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1690 			printf("%s: ", name);
1691 	}
1692 
1693 	if (xflag > 1) {
1694 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1695 			printf("\n");
1696 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1697 		return;
1698 	}
1699 
1700 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1701 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1702 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1703 		if (xflag)
1704 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1705 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1706 			printf("%#x", i);
1707 		else
1708 			printf("%d", i);
1709 		break;
1710 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1711 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1712 		if (xflag)
1713 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1714 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1715 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1716 		else
1717 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1718 		break;
1719 	}
1720 
1721 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1722 		printf(" -> ");
1723 	else
1724 		printf("\n");
1725 }
1726 
1727 static void
1728 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1729 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1730 {
1731 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1732 	int ni;
1733 
1734 	if (qflag)
1735 		return;
1736 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1737 		return;
1738 
1739 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1740 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1741 		return;
1742 	}
1743 
1744 	if (!nflag) {
1745 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1746 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1747 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1748 			printf("%s: ", name);
1749 	}
1750 
1751 	if (xflag > 1) {
1752 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1753 			printf("\n");
1754 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1755 		return;
1756 	}
1757 
1758 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1759 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1760 			if (xflag)
1761 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1762 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1763 				break;
1764 			if (!xflag)
1765 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1766 		}
1767 	}
1768 	else
1769 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1770 
1771 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1772 		printf(" -> ");
1773 	else
1774 		printf("\n");
1775 }
1776 
1777 /*ARGSUSED*/
1778 static void
1779 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1780 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1781 {
1782 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1783 	int ni;
1784 	size_t more;
1785 
1786 	if (qflag)
1787 		return;
1788 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
1789 		if (Aflag || req)
1790 			sysctlperror(
1791 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
1792 			    gsname);
1793 		return;
1794 	}
1795 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1796 		return;
1797 
1798 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1799 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1800 		return;
1801 	}
1802 
1803         if (!nflag) {
1804                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1805                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1806                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1807                         printf("%s: ", name);
1808         }
1809 
1810 	if (xflag > 1) {
1811 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1812 			printf("\n");
1813 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1814 		return;
1815 	}
1816 
1817 	if (sz > 16) {
1818 		more = sz - 16;
1819 		sz = 16;
1820 	}
1821 	else
1822 		more = 0;
1823 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
1824 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1825 	if (more)
1826 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
1827 	printf("\n");
1828 }
1829 
1830 static void
1831 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
1832 {
1833 	int i, j;
1834 	char line[80], tmp[12];
1835 
1836 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1837 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
1838 		j = i % 16;
1839 		/* reset line */
1840 		if (j == 0) {
1841 			line[58] = '|';
1842 			line[77] = '|';
1843 			line[78] = 0;
1844 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07d", i);
1845 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
1846 		}
1847 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
1848 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
1849 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
1850 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
1851 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
1852 		/* print a full line and erase it */
1853 		if (j == 15) {
1854 			printf("%s\n", line);
1855 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1856 		}
1857 	}
1858 	if (line[0] != ' ')
1859 		printf("%s\n", line);
1860 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
1861 }
1862 
1863 /*
1864  * ********************************************************************
1865  * functions that handle particular nodes
1866  * ********************************************************************
1867  */
1868 /*ARGSUSED*/
1869 static void
1870 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
1871 {
1872 	int rc;
1873 	void *p;
1874 	size_t sz1, sz2;
1875 
1876 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
1877 		return;
1878 
1879 	/*
1880 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
1881 	 */
1882 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
1883 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
1884 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
1885 			break;
1886 		p = malloc(sz1);
1887 		if (p == NULL)
1888 			break;
1889 		sz2 = sz1;
1890 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
1891 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
1892 			free(p);
1893 			break;
1894 		}
1895 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
1896 		free(p);
1897 		return;
1898 	}
1899 
1900 	/*
1901 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
1902 	 * thing?
1903 	 */
1904 	if (v != NULL) {
1905 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
1906 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
1907 		return;
1908 	}
1909 
1910 	/*
1911 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
1912 	 */
1913 	switch (name[0]) {
1914 	case CTL_NET:
1915 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
1916 			     sname);
1917 		break;
1918 	case CTL_DEBUG:
1919 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
1920 			     sname);
1921 		break;
1922 	case CTL_DDB:
1923 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
1924 			     sname);
1925 		break;
1926 	}
1927 }
1928 
1929 /*ARGSUSED*/
1930 static void
1931 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
1932 {
1933 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
1934 	size_t sz;
1935 	int rc;
1936 
1937 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
1938 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
1939 	if (rc == -1) {
1940 		sysctlerror(1);
1941 		return;
1942 	}
1943 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
1944 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
1945 
1946 	if (xflag || rflag) {
1947 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
1948 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
1949 		return;
1950 	}
1951 	else if (!nflag)
1952 		printf("%s: ", sname);
1953 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
1954 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
1955 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
1956 }
1957 
1958 /*ARGSUSED*/
1959 static void
1960 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
1961 {
1962 	struct timeval timeval;
1963 	time_t boottime;
1964 	size_t sz;
1965 	int rc;
1966 
1967 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
1968 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
1969 	if (rc == -1) {
1970 		sysctlerror(1);
1971 		return;
1972 	}
1973 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
1974 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
1975 
1976 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
1977 	if (xflag || rflag)
1978 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
1979 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
1980 	else if (!nflag)
1981 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
1982 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
1983 	else if (nflag == 1)
1984 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
1985 	else
1986 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
1987 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*ARGSUSED*/
1991 static void
1992 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
1993 {
1994 	dev_t cons;
1995 	size_t sz;
1996 	int rc;
1997 
1998 	sz = sizeof(cons);
1999 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2000 	if (rc == -1) {
2001 		sysctlerror(1);
2002 		return;
2003 	}
2004 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2005 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2006 
2007 	if (xflag || rflag)
2008 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2009 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2010 	else if (!nflag)
2011 		printf("%s%s%s\n", sname, eq, devname(cons, S_IFCHR));
2012 	else
2013 		printf("0x%x\n", cons);
2014 }
2015 
2016 /*ARGSUSED*/
2017 static void
2018 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2019 {
2020 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2021 	size_t sz, osz;
2022 	int rc, i, n;
2023 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2024 	const char *tname;
2025 
2026 	/*
2027 	 * three things to do here.
2028 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2029 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2030 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2031 	 */
2032 
2033 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2034 		sz = sizeof(n);
2035 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2036 		if (rc != 0)
2037 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2038 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2039 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2040 	}
2041 	else {
2042 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2043 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2044 	}
2045 
2046 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2047 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2048 		sysctlerror(1);
2049 		return;
2050 	}
2051 
2052 	osz = sz;
2053 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2054 		    NULL, 0);
2055 
2056 	if (rc == -1) {
2057 		sysctlerror(1);
2058 		free(cp_time);
2059 		return;
2060 	}
2061 
2062 	/*
2063 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2064 	 */
2065 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2066 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2067 
2068 	/*
2069 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2070 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2071 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2072 	 */
2073 	if (n != -1) {
2074 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2075 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2076 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2077                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2078                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2079                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2080                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2081 		}
2082 	}
2083 
2084 	tname = sname;
2085 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2086 		if (i > 0) {
2087 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2088 				       i - 1);
2089 			tname = s;
2090 		}
2091 		if (xflag || rflag)
2092 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2093 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2094 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2095 		else {
2096 			if (!nflag)
2097 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2098 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2099 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2100 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2101 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2102 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2103 			       "\n",
2104 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2105 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2106 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2107 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2108 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2109 		}
2110 		/*
2111 		 * Just printing the one node.
2112 		 */
2113 		if (n == -1)
2114 			break;
2115 	}
2116 
2117 	free(cp_time);
2118 }
2119 
2120 /*ARGSUSED*/
2121 static void
2122 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2123 {
2124 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2125 	size_t sz;
2126 	int rc;
2127 
2128 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2129 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2130 	if (rc == -1) {
2131 		sysctlerror(1);
2132 		return;
2133 	}
2134 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2135 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2136 
2137 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2138 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2139 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2140 		return;
2141 	}
2142 	if (!nflag)
2143 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2144 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2145 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2146 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2147 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2148 }
2149 
2150 /*ARGSUSED*/
2151 static void
2152 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2153 {
2154 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2155 	size_t osz, nsz;
2156 	char *t;
2157 	int rc;
2158 
2159 	if (fn)
2160 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2161 
2162 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2163 	if (value != NULL) {
2164 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2165 		newp = &nlim;
2166 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2167 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2168 		else {
2169 			errno = 0;
2170 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2171 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2172 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2173 					     sname, value);
2174 				EXIT(1);
2175 			}
2176 		}
2177 	}
2178 	else {
2179 		nsz = 0;
2180 		newp = NULL;
2181 	}
2182 
2183 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2184 	if (rc == -1) {
2185 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2186 		return;
2187 	}
2188 
2189 	if (newp && qflag)
2190 		return;
2191 
2192 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2193 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2194 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2195 	else
2196 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2197 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2198 
2199 	if (newp) {
2200 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2201 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2202 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2203 		else
2204 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2205 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2206 	}
2207 }
2208 
2209 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2210 /*ARGSUSED*/
2211 static void
2212 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2213 {
2214 	struct disklist *dl;
2215 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2216 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2217 	int rc;
2218 	size_t sz;
2219 	uint i, b, lim;
2220 
2221 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2222 	if (rc == -1) {
2223 		sysctlerror(1);
2224 		return;
2225 	}
2226 	dl = malloc(sz);
2227 	if (dl == NULL) {
2228 		sysctlerror(1);
2229 		return;
2230 	}
2231 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2232 	if (rc == -1) {
2233 		sysctlerror(1);
2234 		return;
2235 	}
2236 
2237 	if (!nflag)
2238 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2239 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2240 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2241 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2242 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2243 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2244 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2245 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2246 		       bi->bi_flags);
2247 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2248 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2249 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2250 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2251 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2252 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2253 		return;
2254 	}
2255 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2256 		char t = ':';
2257 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2258 		       ni->ni_devname);
2259 		for (b = 0; b < ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2260 			printf("%c%x", t,
2261 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2262 	}
2263 	printf("\n");
2264 }
2265 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2266