xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 20e85ad185ab16980f1219a557c42e057edb42ea)
1 /*	$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.102 2005/04/06 21:13:03 christos Exp $ */
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  *	All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Andrew Brown.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
19  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
20  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
21  *
22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
23  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
24  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
25  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
26  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
27  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
28  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
29  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
30  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
31  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
32  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 
35 /*
36  * Copyright (c) 1993
37  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
38  *
39  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41  * are met:
42  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
48  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
49  *    without specific prior written permission.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
52  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
53  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
54  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
55  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
56  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
57  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
58  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
59  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
60  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
61  * SUCH DAMAGE.
62  */
63 
64 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
65 #ifndef lint
66 __COPYRIGHT(
67 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\n\
68 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
69 #endif /* not lint */
70 
71 #ifndef lint
72 #if 0
73 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)sysctl.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
74 #else
75 __RCSID("$NetBSD: sysctl.c,v 1.102 2005/04/06 21:13:03 christos Exp $");
76 #endif
77 #endif /* not lint */
78 
79 #include <sys/types.h>
80 #include <sys/param.h>
81 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
82 #include <sys/mount.h>
83 #include <sys/resource.h>
84 #include <sys/stat.h>
85 #include <sys/sched.h>
86 #include <sys/socket.h>
87 #include <netinet/in.h>
88 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
89 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
90 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
91 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
92 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
93 #include <nfs/rpcv2.h>
94 #include <nfs/nfsproto.h>
95 #include <nfs/nfs.h>
96 #include <machine/cpu.h>
97 #include <netkey/key_var.h>
98 
99 #include <assert.h>
100 #include <ctype.h>
101 #include <err.h>
102 #include <errno.h>
103 #include <inttypes.h>
104 #include <regex.h>
105 #include <stdarg.h>
106 #include <stdio.h>
107 #include <stdlib.h>
108 #include <string.h>
109 #include <time.h>
110 #include <unistd.h>
111 
112 /*
113  * this needs to be able to do the printing and the setting
114  */
115 #define HANDLER_PROTO const char *, const char *, char *, \
116 	int *, u_int, const struct sysctlnode *, \
117 	u_int, void *
118 #define HANDLER_ARGS const char *sname, const char *dname, char *value, \
119 	int *name, u_int namelen, const struct sysctlnode *pnode, \
120 	u_int type, void *v
121 #define DISPLAY_VALUE	0
122 #define DISPLAY_OLD	1
123 #define DISPLAY_NEW	2
124 
125 /*
126  * generic routines
127  */
128 static const struct handlespec *findhandler(const char *, int);
129 static void canonicalize(const char *, char *);
130 static void purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *);
131 static void print_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, u_int, int);
132 static void write_number(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
133 static void write_string(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *, char *);
134 static void display_number(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
135 			   const void *, size_t, int);
136 static void display_string(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
137 			   const void *, size_t, int);
138 static void display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *, const char *,
139 			   const void *, size_t, int);
140 static void hex_dump(const unsigned char *, size_t);
141 static void usage(void);
142 static void parse(char *);
143 static void parse_create(char *);
144 static void parse_destroy(char *);
145 static void parse_describe(char *);
146 static void getdesc1(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
147 static void getdesc(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
148 static void trim_whitespace(char *, int);
149 static void sysctlerror(int);
150 static void sysctlparseerror(u_int, const char *);
151 static void sysctlperror(const char *, ...);
152 #define EXIT(n) do { \
153 	if (fn == NULL) exit(n); else return; } while (/*CONSTCOND*/0)
154 
155 /*
156  * "borrowed" from libc:sysctlgetmibinfo.c
157  */
158 int __learn_tree(int *, u_int, struct sysctlnode *);
159 
160 /*
161  * "handlers"
162  */
163 static void printother(HANDLER_PROTO);
164 static void kern_clockrate(HANDLER_PROTO);
165 static void kern_boottime(HANDLER_PROTO);
166 static void kern_consdev(HANDLER_PROTO);
167 static void kern_cp_time(HANDLER_PROTO);
168 static void vm_loadavg(HANDLER_PROTO);
169 static void proc_limit(HANDLER_PROTO);
170 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
171 static void machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_PROTO);
172 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
173 
174 static const struct handlespec {
175 	const char *ps_re;
176 	void (*ps_p)(HANDLER_PROTO);
177 	void (*ps_w)(HANDLER_PROTO);
178 	void *ps_d;
179 } handlers[] = {
180 	{ "/kern/clockrate",			kern_clockrate },
181 	{ "/kern/vnode",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
182 	{ "/kern/proc(2|_args)?",		printother, NULL, "ps" },
183 	{ "/kern/file2?",			printother, NULL, "pstat" },
184 	{ "/kern/ntptime",			printother, NULL,
185 						"ntpdc -c kerninfo" },
186 	{ "/kern/msgbuf",			printother, NULL, "dmesg" },
187 	{ "/kern/boottime",			kern_boottime },
188 	{ "/kern/consdev",			kern_consdev },
189 	{ "/kern/cp_time(/[0-9]+)?",		kern_cp_time },
190 	{ "/kern/sysvipc_info",			printother, NULL, "ipcs" },
191 
192 	{ "/vm/vmmeter",			printother, NULL,
193 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
194 	{ "/vm/loadavg",			vm_loadavg },
195 	{ "/vm/uvmexp2?",			printother, NULL,
196 						"vmstat' or 'systat" },
197 
198 	{ "/vfs/nfs/nfsstats",			printother, NULL, "nfsstat" },
199 
200 	{ "/net/inet6?/tcp6?/ident",		printother, NULL, "identd" },
201 	{ "/net/inet6/icmp6/nd6_[dp]rlist",	printother, NULL, "ndp" },
202 	{ "/net/key/dumps[ap]",			printother, NULL, "setkey" },
203 	{ "/net/[^/]+/[^/]+/pcblist",		printother, NULL,
204 						"netstat' or 'sockstat" },
205 
206 	{ "/hw/diskstats",			printother, NULL, "iostat" },
207 
208 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
209 	{ "/machdep/consdev",			kern_consdev },
210 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
211 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
212 	{ "/machdep/diskinfo",			machdep_diskinfo },
213 #endif /* CPU_CONSDEV */
214 
215 	{ "/proc/[^/]+/rlimit/[^/]+/[^/]+",	proc_limit, proc_limit },
216 
217 	/*
218 	 * these will only be called when the given node has no children
219 	 */
220 	{ "/net/[^/]+",				printother, NULL, NULL },
221 	{ "/debug",				printother, NULL, NULL },
222 	{ "/ddb",				printother, NULL, NULL },
223 	{ "/vendor",				printother, NULL, NULL },
224 
225 	{ NULL },
226 };
227 
228 struct sysctlnode my_root = {
229 #if defined(lint)
230 	0
231 #else /* defined(lint) */
232 	.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_ROOT|CTLTYPE_NODE,
233 	sysc_init_field(_sysctl_size, sizeof(struct sysctlnode)),
234 	.sysctl_num = 0,
235 	.sysctl_name = "(prog_root)",
236 #endif /* defined(lint) */
237 };
238 
239 int	Aflag, aflag, dflag, Mflag, nflag, qflag, rflag, wflag, xflag;
240 size_t	nr;
241 char	*fn;
242 int	req, stale;
243 FILE	*warnfp = stderr;
244 
245 /*
246  * vah-riables n stuff
247  */
248 char gsname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
249 	canonname[SYSCTL_NAMELEN * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME],
250 	gdname[10 * CTL_MAXNAME + CTL_MAXNAME];
251 char sep[2] = ".", *eq = " = ";
252 const char *lname[] = {
253 	"top", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth",
254 	"seventh", "eighth", "ninth", "tenth", "eleventh", "twelfth"
255 };
256 
257 /*
258  * you've heard of main, haven't you?
259  */
260 int
261 main(int argc, char *argv[])
262 {
263 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME];
264 	int ch;
265 
266 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdef:Mnqrwx")) != -1) {
267 		switch (ch) {
268 		case 'A':
269 			Aflag++;
270 			break;
271 		case 'a':
272 			aflag++;
273 			break;
274 		case 'd':
275 			dflag++;
276 			break;
277 		case 'e':
278 			eq = "=";
279 			break;
280 		case 'f':
281 			fn = optarg;
282 			wflag++;
283 			break;
284 		case 'M':
285 			Mflag++;
286 			break;
287 		case 'n':
288 			nflag++;
289 			break;
290 		case 'q':
291 			qflag++;
292 			break;
293 		case 'b':	/* FreeBSD compat */
294 		case 'r':
295 			rflag++;
296 			break;
297 		case 'w':
298 			wflag++;
299 			break;
300 		case 'x':
301 			xflag++;
302 			break;
303 		default:
304 			usage();
305 		}
306 	}
307 
308 	argc -= optind;
309 	argv += optind;
310 
311 	if (qflag && !wflag)
312 		usage();
313 	if (xflag && rflag)
314 		usage();
315 	/* if ((xflag || rflag) && wflag)
316 		usage(); */
317 	/* if (aflag && Mflag)
318 		usage(); */
319 	if ((Aflag || Mflag || dflag) && argc == 0 && fn == NULL)
320 		aflag = 1;
321 
322 	if (Aflag)
323 		warnfp = stdout;
324 	stale = req = 0;
325 
326 	if (aflag) {
327 		print_tree(&name[0], 0, NULL, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
328 		/* if (argc == 0) */
329 		return (0);
330 	}
331 
332 	if (fn) {
333 		FILE *fp;
334 		char *l;
335 
336 		fp = fopen(fn, "r");
337 		if (fp == NULL) {
338 			err(1, "%s", fn);
339 		} else {
340 			nr = 0;
341 			while ((l = fparseln(fp, NULL, &nr, NULL, 0)) != NULL)
342 			{
343 				if (*l) {
344 					parse(l);
345 					free(l);
346 				}
347 			}
348 			fclose(fp);
349 		}
350 		return (0);
351 	}
352 
353 	if (argc == 0)
354 		usage();
355 
356 	while (argc-- > 0)
357 		parse(*argv++);
358 
359 	return (0);
360 }
361 
362 /*
363  * ********************************************************************
364  * how to find someone special to handle the reading (or maybe even
365  * writing) of a particular node
366  * ********************************************************************
367  */
368 static const struct handlespec *
369 findhandler(const char *s, int w)
370 {
371 	const struct handlespec *p;
372 	regex_t re;
373 	int i, j, l;
374 	char eb[64];
375 	regmatch_t match[1];
376 
377 	p = &handlers[0];
378 	l = strlen(s);
379 	for (i = 0; p[i].ps_re != NULL; i++) {
380 		j = regcomp(&re, p[i].ps_re, REG_EXTENDED);
381 		if (j != 0) {
382 			regerror(j, &re, eb, sizeof(eb));
383 			errx(1, "regcomp: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
384 		}
385 		j = regexec(&re, s, 1, match, 0);
386 		if (j == 0) {
387 			if (match[0].rm_so == 0 && match[0].rm_eo == l &&
388 			    (w ? p[i].ps_w : p[i].ps_p) != NULL)
389 				return (&p[i]);
390 		}
391 		else if (j != REG_NOMATCH) {
392 			regerror(j, &re, eb, sizeof(eb));
393 			errx(1, "regexec: %s: %s", p[i].ps_re, eb);
394 		}
395 	}
396 
397 	return (NULL);
398 }
399 
400 /*
401  * after sysctlgetmibinfo is done with the name, we convert all
402  * separators to / and stuff one at the front if it was missing
403  */
404 static void
405 canonicalize(const char *i, char *o)
406 {
407 	const char *t;
408 	char p[SYSCTL_NAMELEN + 1];
409 	int l;
410 
411 	if (i[0] != *sep) {
412 		o[0] = '/';
413 		o[1] = '\0';
414 	}
415 	else
416 		o[0] = '\0';
417 
418 	t = i;
419 	do {
420 		i = t;
421 		t = strchr(i, sep[0]);
422 		if (t == NULL)
423 			strcat(o, i);
424 		else {
425 			l = t - i;
426 			t++;
427 			memcpy(p, i, l);
428 			p[l] = '\0';
429 			strcat(o, p);
430 			strcat(o, "/");
431 		}
432 	} while (t != NULL);
433 }
434 
435 /*
436  * ********************************************************************
437  * convert this special number to a special string so we can print the
438  * mib
439  * ********************************************************************
440  */
441 static const char *
442 sf(u_int f)
443 {
444 	static char s[256];
445 	char *c;
446 
447 	s[0] = '\0';
448 	c = "";
449 
450 #define print_flag(_f, _s, _c, _q, _x) \
451 	if (((_f) & (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x))) == (__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_q))) { \
452 		strlcat((_s), (_c), sizeof(_s)); \
453 		strlcat((_s), __STRING(_q), sizeof(_s)); \
454 		(_c) = ","; \
455 		(_f) &= ~(__CONCAT(CTLFLAG_,_x)); \
456 	}
457 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY,  READWRITE);
458 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY1, READWRITE);
459 	print_flag(f, s, c, READONLY2, READWRITE);
460 	print_flag(f, s, c, READWRITE, READWRITE);
461 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYWRITE,  ANYWRITE);
462 	print_flag(f, s, c, PRIVATE,   PRIVATE);
463 	print_flag(f, s, c, PERMANENT, PERMANENT);
464 	print_flag(f, s, c, OWNDATA,   OWNDATA);
465 	print_flag(f, s, c, IMMEDIATE, IMMEDIATE);
466 	print_flag(f, s, c, HEX,       HEX);
467 	print_flag(f, s, c, ROOT,      ROOT);
468 	print_flag(f, s, c, ANYNUMBER, ANYNUMBER);
469 	print_flag(f, s, c, HIDDEN,    HIDDEN);
470 	print_flag(f, s, c, ALIAS,     ALIAS);
471 #undef print_flag
472 
473 	if (f) {
474 		char foo[9];
475 		snprintf(foo, sizeof(foo), "%x", f);
476 		strlcat(s, c, sizeof(s));
477 		strlcat(s, foo, sizeof(s));
478 	}
479 
480 	return (s);
481 }
482 
483 static const char *
484 st(u_int t)
485 {
486 
487 	switch (t) {
488 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
489 		return "NODE";
490 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
491 		return "INT";
492 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
493 		return "STRING";
494 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
495                 return "QUAD";
496 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
497 		return "STRUCT";
498 	}
499 
500 	return "???";
501 }
502 
503 /*
504  * ********************************************************************
505  * recursively eliminate all data belonging to the given node
506  * ********************************************************************
507  */
508 static void
509 purge_tree(struct sysctlnode *rnode)
510 {
511 	struct sysctlnode *node;
512 
513 	if (rnode == NULL ||
514 	    SYSCTL_TYPE(rnode->sysctl_flags) != CTLTYPE_NODE ||
515 	    rnode->sysctl_child == NULL)
516 		return;
517 
518 	for (node = rnode->sysctl_child;
519 	     node < &rnode->sysctl_child[rnode->sysctl_clen];
520 	     node++)
521 		purge_tree(node);
522 	free(rnode->sysctl_child);
523 	rnode->sysctl_csize = 0;
524 	rnode->sysctl_clen = 0;
525 	rnode->sysctl_child = NULL;
526 
527 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
528 		rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
529 	if (rnode->sysctl_desc != NULL)
530 		free((void*)rnode->sysctl_desc);
531 	rnode->sysctl_desc = NULL;
532 }
533 
534 /*
535  * ********************************************************************
536  * print this node and any others underneath it
537  * ********************************************************************
538  */
539 static void
540 print_tree(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode, u_int type,
541 	   int add)
542 {
543 	struct sysctlnode *node;
544 	int rc, ni;
545 	size_t sz;
546 	char *sp, *dp, n[20];
547 	const struct handlespec *p;
548 
549 	sp = &gsname[strlen(gsname)];
550 	dp = &gdname[strlen(gdname)];
551 
552 	if (sp != &gsname[0] && dp == &gdname[0]) {
553 		/*
554 		 * aw...shucks.  now we must play catch up
555 		 */
556 		for (ni = 0; ni < namelen; ni++) {
557 			(void)snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", name[ni]);
558 			if (ni > 0)
559 				strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
560 			strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
561 		}
562 	}
563 
564 	if (pnode == NULL)
565 		pnode = &my_root;
566 	else if (add) {
567 		snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%d", pnode->sysctl_num);
568 		if (namelen > 1) {
569 			strncat(gsname, sep, sizeof(gsname));
570 			strncat(gdname, ".", sizeof(gdname));
571 		}
572 		strncat(gsname, pnode->sysctl_name, sizeof(gsname));
573 		strncat(gdname, n, sizeof(gdname));
574 	}
575 
576 	if (Mflag && pnode != &my_root) {
577 		if (nflag)
578 			printf("%s: ", gdname);
579 		else
580 			printf("%s (%s): ", gsname, gdname);
581 		printf("CTLTYPE_%s", st(type));
582 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
583 			if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS)
584 				printf(", alias %d",
585 				       pnode->sysctl_alias);
586 			else
587 				printf(", children %d/%d",
588 				       pnode->sysctl_clen,
589 				       pnode->sysctl_csize);
590 		}
591 		printf(", size %zu", pnode->sysctl_size);
592 		printf(", flags 0x%x<%s>",
593 		       SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags),
594 		       sf(SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags)));
595 		if (pnode->sysctl_func)
596 			printf(", func=%p", pnode->sysctl_func);
597 		printf(", ver=%d", pnode->sysctl_ver);
598 		printf("\n");
599 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
600 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
601 			return;
602 		}
603 	}
604 
605 	if (dflag && pnode != &my_root) {
606 		if (Aflag || type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
607 			if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL)
608 				getdesc1(name, namelen, pnode);
609 			if (Aflag || !add ||
610 			    (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
611 			     pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char*)-1)) {
612 				if (!nflag)
613 					printf("%s: ", gsname);
614 				if (pnode->sysctl_desc == NULL ||
615 				    pnode->sysctl_desc == (const char*)-1)
616 					printf("(no description)\n");
617 				else
618 					printf("%s\n", pnode->sysctl_desc);
619 			}
620 		}
621 
622 		if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
623 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
624 			return;
625 		}
626 	}
627 
628 	/*
629 	 * if this is an alias and we added our name, that means we
630 	 * got here by recursing down into the tree, so skip it.  The
631 	 * only way to print an aliased node is with either -M or by
632 	 * name specifically.
633 	 */
634 	if (SYSCTL_FLAGS(pnode->sysctl_flags) & CTLFLAG_ALIAS && add) {
635 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
636 		return;
637 	}
638 
639 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
640 	p = findhandler(canonname, 0);
641 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && p != NULL) {
642 		(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen, pnode, type,
643 			   p->ps_d);
644 		*sp = *dp = '\0';
645 		return;
646 	}
647 
648 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && pnode->sysctl_size == 0) {
649 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
650 		if (rc == -1) {
651 			sysctlerror(1);
652 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
653 			return;
654 		}
655 		if (sz == 0) {
656 			if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
657 				printf("%s: node contains no data\n", gsname);
658 			*sp = *dp = '\0';
659 			return;
660 		}
661 	}
662 	else
663 		sz = pnode->sysctl_size;
664 
665 	switch (type) {
666 	case CTLTYPE_NODE: {
667 		__learn_tree(name, namelen, pnode);
668 		node = pnode->sysctl_child;
669 		if (node == NULL) {
670 			if (dflag)
671 				/* do nothing */;
672 			else if (p != NULL)
673 				(*p->ps_p)(gsname, gdname, NULL, name, namelen,
674 					   pnode, type, p->ps_d);
675 			else if ((Aflag || req) && !Mflag)
676 				printf("%s: no children\n", gsname);
677 		}
678 		else {
679 			if (dflag)
680 				/*
681 				 * get all descriptions for next level
682 				 * in one chunk
683 				 */
684 				getdesc(name, namelen, pnode);
685 			req = 0;
686 			for (ni = 0; ni < pnode->sysctl_clen; ni++) {
687 				name[namelen] = node[ni].sysctl_num;
688 				if ((node[ni].sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HIDDEN) &&
689 				    !(Aflag || req))
690 					continue;
691 				print_tree(name, namelen + 1, &node[ni],
692 					   SYSCTL_TYPE(node[ni].sysctl_flags),
693 					   1);
694 			}
695 		}
696 		break;
697 	}
698 	case CTLTYPE_INT: {
699 		int i;
700 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &i, &sz, NULL, 0);
701 		if (rc == -1) {
702 			sysctlerror(1);
703 			break;
704 		}
705 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &i, sizeof(i), DISPLAY_VALUE);
706 		break;
707 	}
708 	case CTLTYPE_STRING: {
709 		unsigned char buf[1024], *tbuf;
710 		tbuf = buf;
711 		sz = sizeof(buf);
712 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
713 		if (rc == -1 && errno == ENOMEM) {
714 			tbuf = malloc(sz);
715 			if (tbuf == NULL) {
716 				sysctlerror(1);
717 				break;
718 			}
719 			rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, tbuf, &sz, NULL, 0);
720 		}
721 		if (rc == -1)
722 			sysctlerror(1);
723 		else
724 			display_string(pnode, gsname, tbuf, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
725 		if (tbuf != buf)
726 			free(tbuf);
727 		break;
728 	}
729 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD: {
730 		u_quad_t q;
731 		sz = sizeof(q);
732 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &q, &sz, NULL, 0);
733 		if (rc == -1) {
734 			sysctlerror(1);
735 			break;
736 		}
737 		display_number(pnode, gsname, &q, sizeof(q), DISPLAY_VALUE);
738 		break;
739 	}
740 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT: {
741 		/*
742 		 * we shouldn't actually get here, but if we
743 		 * do, would it be nice to have *something* to
744 		 * do other than completely ignore the
745 		 * request.
746 		 */
747 		unsigned char *d;
748 		if ((d = malloc(sz)) == NULL) {
749 			fprintf(warnfp, "%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
750 			break;
751 		}
752 		rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
753 		if (rc == -1) {
754 			sysctlerror(1);
755 			break;
756 		}
757 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, d, sz, DISPLAY_VALUE);
758 		free(d);
759 		break;
760 	}
761 	default:
762 		/* should i print an error here? */
763 		break;
764 	}
765 
766 	*sp = *dp = '\0';
767 }
768 
769 /*
770  * ********************************************************************
771  * parse a request, possibly determining that it's a create or destroy
772  * request
773  * ********************************************************************
774  */
775 static void
776 parse(char *l)
777 {
778 	struct sysctlnode *node;
779 	const struct handlespec *w;
780 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], dodesc = 0;
781 	u_int namelen, type;
782 	char *key, *value, *dot;
783 	size_t sz;
784 
785 	req = 1;
786 	key = l;
787 	value = strchr(l, '=');
788 	if (value != NULL)
789 		*value++ = '\0';
790 
791 	if ((dot = strpbrk(key, "./")) == NULL)
792 		sep[0] = '.';
793 	else
794 		sep[0] = dot[0];
795 	sep[1] = '\0';
796 
797 	while (key[0] == sep[0] && key[1] == sep[0]) {
798 		if (value != NULL)
799 			value[-1] = '=';
800 		if (strncmp(key + 2, "create", 6) == 0 &&
801 		    (key[8] == '=' || key[8] == sep[0]))
802 			parse_create(key + 8 + (key[8] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
803 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "destroy", 7) == 0 &&
804 			 (key[9] == '=' || key[9] == sep[0]))
805 			parse_destroy(key + 9 + (key[9] == '=' ? 1 : 0));
806 		else if (strncmp(key + 2, "describe", 8) == 0 &&
807 			 (key[10] == '=' || key[10] == sep[0])) {
808 			key += 10 + (key[10] == '=');
809 			if ((value = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL)
810 				parse_describe(key);
811 			else {
812 				if (!dflag)
813 					dodesc = 1;
814 				break;
815 			}
816 		}
817 		else
818 			sysctlperror("unable to parse '%s'\n", key);
819 		return;
820 	}
821 
822 	if (stale) {
823 		purge_tree(&my_root);
824 		stale = 0;
825 	}
826 	node = &my_root;
827 	namelen = CTL_MAXNAME;
828 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
829 
830 	if (sysctlgetmibinfo(key, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, &node,
831 			     SYSCTL_VERSION) == -1) {
832 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
833 		EXIT(1);
834 	}
835 
836 	type = SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags);
837 
838 	if (value == NULL) {
839 		if (dodesc)
840 			dflag = 1;
841 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
842 		if (dodesc)
843 			dflag = 0;
844 		gsname[0] = '\0';
845 		return;
846 	}
847 
848 	if (fn)
849 		trim_whitespace(value, 1);
850 
851 	if (!wflag) {
852 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set variables\n");
853 		exit(1);
854 	}
855 
856 	canonicalize(gsname, canonname);
857 	if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (w = findhandler(canonname, 1)) != NULL) {
858 		(*w->ps_w)(gsname, gdname, value, name, namelen, node, type,
859 			   w->ps_d);
860 		gsname[0] = '\0';
861 		return;
862 	}
863 
864 	switch (type) {
865 	case CTLTYPE_NODE:
866 		/*
867 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
868 		 */
869 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, CTLTYPE_NODE, 1);
870 		break;
871 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
872 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
873 		break;
874 	case CTLTYPE_STRING:
875 		write_string(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
876 		break;
877 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
878 		write_number(&name[0], namelen, node, value);
879 		break;
880 	case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
881 		/*
882 		 * XXX old behavior is to print.  should we error instead?
883 		 */
884 		/* fprintf(warnfp, "you can't write to %s\n", gsname); */
885 		print_tree(&name[0], namelen, node, type, 0);
886 		break;
887 	}
888 }
889 
890 /*
891 
892   //create=foo.bar.whatever...,
893   [type=(int|quad|string|struct|node),]
894   [size=###,]
895   [n=###,]
896   [flags=(iohxparw12),]
897   [addr=0x####,|symbol=...|value=...]
898 
899   size is optional for some types.  type must be set before anything
900   else.  nodes can have [r12whp], but nothing else applies.  if no
901   size or type is given, node is asserted.  writeable is the default,
902   with [r12w] being read-only, writeable below securelevel 1,
903   writeable below securelevel 2, and unconditionally writeable
904   respectively.  if you specify addr, it is assumed to be the name of
905   a kernel symbol, if value, CTLFLAG_OWNDATA will be asserted for
906   strings, CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE for ints and u_quad_ts.  you cannot
907   specify both value and addr.
908 
909 */
910 
911 static void
912 parse_create(char *l)
913 {
914 	struct sysctlnode node;
915 	size_t sz;
916 	char *nname, *key, *value, *data, *addr, *c, *t;
917 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], i, rc, method, flags, rw;
918 	u_int namelen, type;
919 	u_quad_t uq;
920 	quad_t q;
921 
922 	if (!wflag) {
923 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to create nodes\n");
924 		exit(1);
925 	}
926 
927 	/*
928 	 * these are the pieces that make up the description of a new
929 	 * node
930 	 */
931 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
932 	node.sysctl_num = CTL_CREATE;  /* any number is fine */
933 	flags = 0;
934 	rw = -1;
935 	type = 0;
936 	sz = 0;
937 	data = addr = NULL;
938 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
939 	namelen = 0;
940 	method = 0;
941 
942 	/*
943 	 * misc stuff used when constructing
944 	 */
945 	i = 0;
946 	uq = 0;
947 	key = NULL;
948 	value = NULL;
949 
950 	/*
951 	 * the name of the thing we're trying to create is first, so
952 	 * pick it off.
953 	 */
954 	nname = l;
955 	if ((c = strchr(nname, ',')) != NULL)
956 		*c++ = '\0';
957 
958 	while (c != NULL) {
959 
960 		/*
961 		 * pull off the next "key=value" pair
962 		 */
963 		key = c;
964 		if ((t = strchr(key, '=')) != NULL) {
965 			*t++ = '\0';
966 			value = t;
967 		}
968 		else
969 			value = NULL;
970 
971 		/*
972 		 * if the "key" is "value", then that eats the rest of
973 		 * the string, so we're done, otherwise bite it off at
974 		 * the next comma.
975 		 */
976 		if (strcmp(key, "value") == 0) {
977 			c = NULL;
978 			data = value;
979 			break;
980 		}
981 		else {
982 			if ((c = strchr(value, ',')) != NULL)
983 				*c++ = '\0';
984 		}
985 
986 		/*
987 		 * note that we (mostly) let the invoker of sysctl(8)
988 		 * play rampant here and depend on the kernel to tell
989 		 * them that they were wrong.  well...within reason.
990 		 * we later check the various parameters against each
991 		 * other to make sure it makes some sort of sense.
992 		 */
993 		if (strcmp(key, "addr") == 0) {
994 			/*
995 			 * we can't check these two.  only the kernel
996 			 * can tell us when it fails to find the name
997 			 * (or if the address is invalid).
998 			 */
999 			if (method != 0) {
1000 				sysctlperror(
1001 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1002 				    nname,
1003 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1004 				EXIT(1);
1005 			}
1006 			errno = 0;
1007 			addr = (void*)strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1008 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1009 				sysctlperror(
1010 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid address\n",
1011 				    nname, value);
1012 				EXIT(1);
1013 			}
1014 			method = CTL_CREATE;
1015 		}
1016 		else if (strcmp(key, "symbol") == 0) {
1017 			if (method != 0) {
1018 				sysctlperror(
1019 				    "%s: already have %s for new node\n",
1020 				    nname,
1021 				    method == CTL_CREATE ? "addr" : "symbol");
1022 				EXIT(1);
1023 			}
1024 			addr = value;
1025 			method = CTL_CREATESYM;
1026 		}
1027 		else if (strcmp(key, "type") == 0) {
1028 			if (strcmp(value, "node") == 0)
1029 				type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1030 			else if (strcmp(value, "int") == 0) {
1031 				sz = sizeof(int);
1032 				type = CTLTYPE_INT;
1033 			}
1034 			else if (strcmp(value, "string") == 0)
1035 				type = CTLTYPE_STRING;
1036 			else if (strcmp(value, "quad") == 0) {
1037 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1038 				type = CTLTYPE_QUAD;
1039 			}
1040 			else if (strcmp(value, "struct") == 0)
1041 				type = CTLTYPE_STRUCT;
1042 			else {
1043 				sysctlperror(
1044 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid type\n",
1045 					nname, value);
1046 				EXIT(1);
1047 			}
1048 		}
1049 		else if (strcmp(key, "size") == 0) {
1050 			errno = 0;
1051 			/*
1052 			 * yes, i know size_t is not an unsigned long,
1053 			 * but we can all agree that it ought to be,
1054 			 * right?
1055 			 */
1056 			sz = strtoul(value, &t, 0);
1057 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1058 				sysctlperror(
1059 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid size\n",
1060 					nname, value);
1061 				EXIT(1);
1062 			}
1063 		}
1064 		else if (strcmp(key, "n") == 0) {
1065 			errno = 0;
1066 			q = strtoq(value, &t, 0);
1067 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1068 			    q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1069 				sysctlperror(
1070 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid mib number\n",
1071 				    nname, value);
1072 				EXIT(1);
1073 			}
1074 			node.sysctl_num = (int)q;
1075 		}
1076 		else if (strcmp(key, "flags") == 0) {
1077 			t = value;
1078 			while (*t != '\0') {
1079 				switch (*t) {
1080 				case 'a':
1081 					flags |= CTLFLAG_ANYWRITE;
1082 					break;
1083 				case 'h':
1084 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HIDDEN;
1085 					break;
1086 				case 'i':
1087 					flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1088 					break;
1089 				case 'o':
1090 					flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1091 					break;
1092 				case 'p':
1093 					flags |= CTLFLAG_PRIVATE;
1094 					break;
1095 				case 'x':
1096 					flags |= CTLFLAG_HEX;
1097 					break;
1098 
1099 				case 'r':
1100 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1101 					break;
1102 				case '1':
1103 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY1;
1104 					break;
1105 				case '2':
1106 					rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY2;
1107 					break;
1108 				case 'w':
1109 					rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1110 					break;
1111 				default:
1112 					sysctlperror(
1113 					   "%s: '%c' is not a valid flag\n",
1114 					    nname, *t);
1115 					EXIT(1);
1116 				}
1117 				t++;
1118 			}
1119 		}
1120 		else {
1121 			sysctlperror("%s: unrecognized keyword '%s'\n",
1122 				     nname, key);
1123 			EXIT(1);
1124 		}
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	/*
1128 	 * now that we've finished parsing the given string, fill in
1129 	 * anything they didn't specify
1130 	 */
1131 	if (type == 0)
1132 		type = CTLTYPE_NODE;
1133 
1134 	/*
1135 	 * the "data" can be interpreted various ways depending on the
1136 	 * type of node we're creating, as can the size
1137 	 */
1138 	if (data != NULL) {
1139 		if (addr != NULL) {
1140 			sysctlperror(
1141 				"%s: cannot specify both value and "
1142 				"address\n", nname);
1143 			EXIT(1);
1144 		}
1145 
1146 		switch (type) {
1147 		case CTLTYPE_INT:
1148 			errno = 0;
1149 			q = strtoq(data, &t, 0);
1150 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0 ||
1151 				q < INT_MIN || q > UINT_MAX) {
1152 				sysctlperror(
1153 				    "%s: '%s' is not a valid integer\n",
1154 				    nname, value);
1155 				EXIT(1);
1156 			}
1157 			i = (int)q;
1158 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1159 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1160 				node.sysctl_idata = i;
1161 			}
1162 			else
1163 				node.sysctl_data = &i;
1164 			if (sz == 0)
1165 				sz = sizeof(int);
1166 			break;
1167 		case CTLTYPE_STRING:
1168 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1169 			node.sysctl_data = data;
1170 			if (sz == 0)
1171 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1172 			else if (sz < strlen(data) + 1) {
1173 				sysctlperror("%s: ignoring size=%zu for "
1174 					"string node, too small for given "
1175 					"value\n", nname, sz);
1176 				sz = strlen(data) + 1;
1177 			}
1178 			break;
1179 		case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1180 			errno = 0;
1181 			uq = strtouq(data, &t, 0);
1182 			if (t == data || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
1183 				sysctlperror(
1184 					"%s: '%s' is not a valid quad\n",
1185 					nname, value);
1186 				EXIT(1);
1187 			}
1188 			if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_OWNDATA)) {
1189 				flags |= CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE;
1190 				node.sysctl_qdata = uq;
1191 			}
1192 			else
1193 				node.sysctl_data = &uq;
1194 			if (sz == 0)
1195 				sz = sizeof(u_quad_t);
1196 			break;
1197 		case CTLTYPE_STRUCT:
1198 			sysctlperror("%s: struct not initializable\n",
1199 				     nname);
1200 			EXIT(1);
1201 		}
1202 
1203 		/*
1204 		 * these methods have all provided local starting
1205 		 * values that the kernel must copy in
1206 		 */
1207 	}
1208 
1209 	/*
1210 	 * hmm...no data, but we have an address of data.  that's
1211 	 * fine.
1212 	 */
1213 	else if (addr != 0)
1214 		node.sysctl_data = (void*)addr;
1215 
1216 	/*
1217 	 * no data and no address?  well...okay.  we might be able to
1218 	 * manage that.
1219 	 */
1220 	else if (type != CTLTYPE_NODE) {
1221 		if (sz == 0) {
1222 			sysctlperror(
1223 			    "%s: need a size or a starting value\n",
1224 			    nname);
1225                         EXIT(1);
1226                 }
1227 		if (!(flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE))
1228 			flags |= CTLFLAG_OWNDATA;
1229 	}
1230 
1231 	/*
1232 	 * now we do a few sanity checks on the description we've
1233 	 * assembled
1234 	 */
1235 	if ((flags & CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE) &&
1236 	    (type == CTLTYPE_STRING || type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT)) {
1237 		sysctlperror("%s: cannot make an immediate %s\n",
1238 			     nname,
1239 			     (type == CTLTYPE_STRING) ? "string" : "struct");
1240 		EXIT(1);
1241 	}
1242 	if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && node.sysctl_data != NULL) {
1243 		sysctlperror("%s: nodes do not have data\n", nname);
1244 		EXIT(1);
1245 	}
1246 
1247 	/*
1248 	 * some types must have a particular size
1249 	 */
1250 	if (sz != 0) {
1251 		if ((type == CTLTYPE_INT && sz != sizeof(int)) ||
1252 		    (type == CTLTYPE_QUAD && sz != sizeof(u_quad_t)) ||
1253 		    (type == CTLTYPE_NODE && sz != 0)) {
1254 			sysctlperror("%s: wrong size for type\n", nname);
1255 			EXIT(1);
1256 		}
1257 	}
1258 	else if (type == CTLTYPE_STRUCT) {
1259 		sysctlperror("%s: struct must have size\n", nname);
1260 		EXIT(1);
1261 	}
1262 
1263 	/*
1264 	 * now...if no one said anything yet, we default nodes or
1265 	 * any type that owns data being writeable, and everything
1266 	 * else being readonly.
1267 	 */
1268 	if (rw == -1) {
1269 		if (type == CTLTYPE_NODE ||
1270 		    (flags & (CTLFLAG_OWNDATA|CTLFLAG_IMMEDIATE)))
1271 			rw = CTLFLAG_READWRITE;
1272 		else
1273 			rw = CTLFLAG_READONLY;
1274 	}
1275 
1276 	/*
1277 	 * if a kernel address was specified, that can't be made
1278 	 * writeable by us.
1279 	if (rw != CTLFLAG_READONLY && addr) {
1280 		sysctlperror("%s: kernel data can only be readable\n", nname);
1281 		EXIT(1);
1282 	}
1283 	 */
1284 
1285 	/*
1286 	 * what separator were they using in the full name of the new
1287 	 * node?
1288 	 */
1289 	if ((t = strpbrk(nname, "./")) == NULL)
1290 		sep[0] = '.';
1291 	else
1292 		sep[0] = t[0];
1293 	sep[1] = '\0';
1294 
1295 	/*
1296 	 * put it all together, now.  t'ain't much, is it?
1297 	 */
1298 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|flags|rw|type;
1299 	node.sysctl_size = sz;
1300 	t = strrchr(nname, sep[0]);
1301 	if (t != NULL)
1302 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, t + 1, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1303 	else
1304 		strlcpy(node.sysctl_name, nname, sizeof(node.sysctl_name));
1305 	if (t == nname)
1306 		t = NULL;
1307 
1308 	/*
1309 	 * if this is a new top-level node, then we don't need to find
1310 	 * the mib for its parent
1311 	 */
1312 	if (t == NULL) {
1313 		namelen = 0;
1314 		gsname[0] = '\0';
1315 	}
1316 
1317 	/*
1318 	 * on the other hand, if it's not a top-level node...
1319 	 */
1320 	else {
1321 		namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1322 		sz = sizeof(gsname);
1323 		*t = '\0';
1324 		rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(nname, &name[0], &namelen,
1325 				      gsname, &sz, NULL, SYSCTL_VERSION);
1326 		*t = sep[0];
1327 		if (rc == -1) {
1328 			sysctlparseerror(namelen, nname);
1329 			EXIT(1);
1330 		}
1331 	}
1332 
1333 	/*
1334 	 * yes, a new node is being created
1335 	 */
1336 	if (method != 0)
1337 		name[namelen++] = method;
1338 	else
1339 		name[namelen++] = CTL_CREATE;
1340 
1341 	sz = sizeof(node);
1342 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1343 
1344 	if (rc == -1) {
1345 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_CREATE failed: %s\n",
1346 			     nname, strerror(errno));
1347 		EXIT(1);
1348 	}
1349 	else {
1350 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1351 			printf("%s(%s): (created)\n", nname, st(type));
1352 		stale = 1;
1353 	}
1354 }
1355 
1356 static void
1357 parse_destroy(char *l)
1358 {
1359 	struct sysctlnode node;
1360 	size_t sz;
1361 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1362 	u_int namelen;
1363 
1364 	if (!wflag) {
1365 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to destroy nodes\n");
1366 		exit(1);
1367 	}
1368 
1369 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1370 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1371 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1372 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1373 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1374 	if (rc == -1) {
1375 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1376 		EXIT(1);
1377 	}
1378 
1379 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1380 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1381 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1382 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESTROY;
1383 
1384 	sz = sizeof(node);
1385 	rc = sysctl(&name[0], namelen, &node, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1386 
1387 	if (rc == -1) {
1388 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESTROY failed: %s\n",
1389 			     l, strerror(errno));
1390 		EXIT(1);
1391 	}
1392 	else {
1393 		if (!qflag && !nflag)
1394 			printf("%s(%s): (destroyed)\n", gsname,
1395 			       st(SYSCTL_TYPE(node.sysctl_flags)));
1396 		stale = 1;
1397 	}
1398 }
1399 
1400 static void
1401 parse_describe(char *l)
1402 {
1403 	struct sysctlnode newdesc;
1404 	char buf[1024], *value;
1405 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)&buf[0];
1406 	int name[CTL_MAXNAME], rc;
1407 	u_int namelen;
1408 	size_t sz;
1409 
1410 	if (!wflag) {
1411 		sysctlperror("Must specify -w to set descriptions\n");
1412 		exit(1);
1413 	}
1414 
1415 	value = strchr(l, '=');
1416 	*value++ = '\0';
1417 
1418 	memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
1419 	namelen = sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]);
1420 	sz = sizeof(gsname);
1421 	rc = sysctlgetmibinfo(l, &name[0], &namelen, gsname, &sz, NULL,
1422 			      SYSCTL_VERSION);
1423 	if (rc == -1) {
1424 		sysctlparseerror(namelen, l);
1425 		EXIT(1);
1426 	}
1427 
1428 	sz = sizeof(buf);
1429 	memset(&newdesc, 0, sizeof(newdesc));
1430 	newdesc.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION|CTLFLAG_OWNDESC;
1431 	newdesc.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1432 	newdesc.sysctl_desc = value;
1433 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1434 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &newdesc, sizeof(newdesc));
1435 	if (rc == -1)
1436 		sysctlperror("%s: CTL_DESCRIBE failed: %s\n",
1437 			     gsname, strerror(errno));
1438 	else if (d->descr_len == 1)
1439 		sysctlperror("%s: description not set\n", gsname);
1440 	else if (!qflag && !nflag)
1441 		printf("%s: %s\n", gsname, d->descr_str);
1442 }
1443 
1444 /*
1445  * ********************************************************************
1446  * when things go wrong...
1447  * ********************************************************************
1448  */
1449 static void
1450 usage(void)
1451 {
1452 	const char *progname = getprogname();
1453 
1454 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
1455 		      "usage:\t%s %s\n"
1456 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1457 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1458 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1459 		      "\t%s %s\n"
1460 		      "\t%s %s\n",
1461 		      progname, "[-dne] [-x[x]|-r] variable ...",
1462 		      progname, "[-ne] [-q] -w variable=value ...",
1463 		      progname, "[-dne] -a",
1464 		      progname, "[-dne] -A",
1465 		      progname, "[-ne] -M",
1466 		      progname, "[-dne] [-q] -f file");
1467 	exit(1);
1468 }
1469 
1470 static void
1471 getdesc1(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1472 {
1473 	struct sysctlnode node;
1474 	char buf[1024], *desc;
1475 	struct sysctldesc *d = (void*)buf;
1476 	size_t sz = sizeof(buf);
1477 	int rc;
1478 
1479 	memset(&node, 0, sizeof(node));
1480 	node.sysctl_flags = SYSCTL_VERSION;
1481 	node.sysctl_num = name[namelen - 1];
1482 	name[namelen - 1] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1483 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, d, &sz, &node, sizeof(node));
1484 
1485 	if (rc == -1 ||
1486 	    d->descr_len == 1 ||
1487 	    d->descr_num != pnode->sysctl_num ||
1488 	    d->descr_ver != pnode->sysctl_ver)
1489 		desc = (char *)-1;
1490 	else
1491 		desc = malloc(d->descr_len);
1492 
1493 	if (desc == NULL)
1494 		desc = (char *)-1;
1495 	if (desc != (char *)-1)
1496 		memcpy(desc, &d->descr_str[0], d->descr_len);
1497 	name[namelen - 1] = node.sysctl_num;
1498 	if (pnode->sysctl_desc != NULL &&
1499 	    pnode->sysctl_desc != (const char *)-1)
1500 		/* LINTED mallocated it, must free it */
1501 		free((void*)pnode->sysctl_desc);
1502 	pnode->sysctl_desc = desc;
1503 }
1504 
1505 static void
1506 getdesc(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *pnode)
1507 {
1508 	struct sysctlnode *node = pnode->sysctl_child;
1509 	struct sysctldesc *d, *p, *plim;
1510 	char *desc;
1511 	size_t sz;
1512 	int rc, i;
1513 
1514 	sz = 128 * pnode->sysctl_clen;
1515 	name[namelen] = CTL_DESCRIBE;
1516 
1517 	/*
1518 	 * attempt *twice* to get the description chunk.  if two tries
1519 	 * doesn't work, give up.
1520 	 */
1521 	i = 0;
1522 	do {
1523 		d = malloc(sz);
1524 		if (d == NULL)
1525 			return;
1526 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen + 1, d, &sz, NULL, 0);
1527 		if (rc == -1) {
1528 			free(d);
1529 			d = NULL;
1530 			if (i == 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
1531 				i = 1;
1532 			else
1533 				return;
1534 		}
1535 	} while (d == NULL);
1536 
1537 	/*
1538 	 * hokey nested loop here, giving O(n**2) behavior, but should
1539 	 * suffice for now
1540 	 */
1541 	plim = /*LINTED ptr cast*/(struct sysctldesc *)((char*)d + sz);
1542 	for (i = 0; i < pnode->sysctl_clen; i++) {
1543 		node = &pnode->sysctl_child[i];
1544 		for (p = d; p < plim; p = NEXT_DESCR(p))
1545 			if (node->sysctl_num == p->descr_num)
1546 				break;
1547 		if (p < plim && node->sysctl_ver == p->descr_ver) {
1548 			/*
1549 			 * match found, attempt to attach description
1550 			 */
1551 			if (p->descr_len == 1)
1552 				desc = NULL;
1553 			else
1554 				desc = malloc(p->descr_len);
1555 			if (desc == NULL)
1556 				desc = (char *)-1;
1557 			else
1558 				memcpy(desc, &p->descr_str[0], p->descr_len);
1559 			node->sysctl_desc = desc;
1560 		}
1561 	}
1562 
1563 	free(d);
1564 }
1565 
1566 static void
1567 trim_whitespace(char *s, int dir)
1568 {
1569 	char *i, *o;
1570 
1571 	i = o = s;
1572 	if (dir & 1)
1573 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*i))
1574 			i++;
1575 	while ((*o++ = *i++) != '\0');
1576 	o -= 2; /* already past nul, skip back to before it */
1577 	if (dir & 2)
1578 		while (o > s && isspace((unsigned char)*o))
1579 			*o-- = '\0';
1580 }
1581 
1582 void
1583 sysctlerror(int soft)
1584 {
1585 	if (soft) {
1586 		switch (errno) {
1587 		case ENOENT:
1588 		case ENOPROTOOPT:
1589 		case ENOTDIR:
1590 		case EINVAL:
1591 		case EOPNOTSUPP:
1592 		case EPROTONOSUPPORT:
1593 			if (Aflag || req)
1594 				sysctlperror("%s: the value is not available\n",
1595 					     gsname);
1596 			return;
1597 		}
1598 	}
1599 
1600 	sysctlperror("%s: sysctl() failed with %s\n",
1601 		     gsname, strerror(errno));
1602 	if (!soft)
1603 		EXIT(1);
1604 }
1605 
1606 void
1607 sysctlparseerror(u_int namelen, const char *pname)
1608 {
1609 
1610 	sysctlperror("%s level name '%s' in '%s' is invalid\n",
1611 		     lname[namelen], gsname, pname);
1612 }
1613 
1614 static void
1615 sysctlperror(const char *fmt, ...)
1616 {
1617 	va_list ap;
1618 
1619 	(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s: ", getprogname());
1620 	if (fn)
1621 		(void)fprintf(warnfp, "%s#%zu: ", fn, nr);
1622 	va_start(ap, fmt);
1623 	(void)vfprintf(warnfp, fmt, ap);
1624 	va_end(ap);
1625 }
1626 
1627 
1628 /*
1629  * ********************************************************************
1630  * how to write to a "simple" node
1631  * ********************************************************************
1632  */
1633 static void
1634 write_number(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1635 {
1636 	int ii, io;
1637 	u_quad_t qi, qo;
1638 	size_t si, so;
1639 	int rc;
1640 	void *i, *o;
1641 	char *t;
1642 
1643 	if (fn)
1644 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
1645 
1646 	si = so = 0;
1647 	i = o = NULL;
1648 	errno = 0;
1649 	qi = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
1650 	if (errno != 0) {
1651 		sysctlperror("%s: value too large\n", value);
1652 		EXIT(1);
1653 	}
1654 	if (t == value || *t != '\0') {
1655 		sysctlperror("%s: not a number\n", value);
1656 		EXIT(1);
1657 	}
1658 
1659 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1660 	    case CTLTYPE_INT:
1661 		ii = (int)qi;
1662 		qo = ii;
1663 		if (qo != qi) {
1664 			sysctlperror("%s: value too large\n", value);
1665 			EXIT(1);
1666 		}
1667 		o = &io;
1668 		so = sizeof(io);
1669 		i = &ii;
1670 		si = sizeof(ii);
1671 		break;
1672 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1673 		o = &qo;
1674 		so = sizeof(qo);
1675 		i = &qi;
1676 		si = sizeof(qi);
1677 		break;
1678 	}
1679 
1680 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1681 	if (rc == -1) {
1682 		sysctlerror(0);
1683 		return;
1684 	}
1685 
1686 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1687 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1688 		display_number(node, gsname, &io, sizeof(io), DISPLAY_OLD);
1689 		display_number(node, gsname, &ii, sizeof(ii), DISPLAY_NEW);
1690 		break;
1691 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1692 		display_number(node, gsname, &qo, sizeof(qo), DISPLAY_OLD);
1693 		display_number(node, gsname, &qi, sizeof(qi), DISPLAY_NEW);
1694 		break;
1695 	}
1696 }
1697 
1698 static void
1699 write_string(int *name, u_int namelen, struct sysctlnode *node, char *value)
1700 {
1701 	char *i, *o;
1702 	size_t si, so;
1703 	int rc;
1704 
1705 	i = value;
1706 	si = strlen(i) + 1;
1707 	so = node->sysctl_size;
1708 	if (si > so && so != 0) {
1709 		sysctlperror("%s: string too long\n", value);
1710 		EXIT(1);
1711 	}
1712 	o = malloc(so);
1713 	if (o == NULL) {
1714 		sysctlperror("%s: !malloc failed!\n", gsname);
1715 		exit(1);
1716 	}
1717 
1718 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, o, &so, i, si);
1719 	if (rc == -1) {
1720 		sysctlerror(0);
1721 		return;
1722 	}
1723 
1724 	display_string(node, gsname, o, so, DISPLAY_OLD);
1725 	display_string(node, gsname, i, si, DISPLAY_NEW);
1726 	free(o);
1727 }
1728 
1729 /*
1730  * ********************************************************************
1731  * simple ways to print stuff consistently
1732  * ********************************************************************
1733  */
1734 static void
1735 display_number(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1736 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1737 {
1738 	u_quad_t q;
1739 	int i;
1740 
1741 	if (qflag)
1742 		return;
1743 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1744 		return;
1745 
1746 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1747 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1748 		return;
1749 	}
1750 
1751 	if (!nflag) {
1752 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1753 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1754 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1755 			printf("%s: ", name);
1756 	}
1757 
1758 	if (xflag > 1) {
1759 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1760 			printf("\n");
1761 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1762 		return;
1763 	}
1764 
1765 	switch (SYSCTL_TYPE(node->sysctl_flags)) {
1766 	case CTLTYPE_INT:
1767 		memcpy(&i, data, sz);
1768 		if (xflag)
1769 			printf("0x%0*x", (int)sz * 2, i);
1770 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1771 			printf("%#x", i);
1772 		else
1773 			printf("%d", i);
1774 		break;
1775 	case CTLTYPE_QUAD:
1776 		memcpy(&q, data, sz);
1777 		if (xflag)
1778 			printf("0x%0*" PRIx64, (int)sz * 2, q);
1779 		else if (node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX)
1780 			printf("%#" PRIx64, q);
1781 		else
1782 			printf("%" PRIu64, q);
1783 		break;
1784 	}
1785 
1786 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1787 		printf(" -> ");
1788 	else
1789 		printf("\n");
1790 }
1791 
1792 static void
1793 display_string(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1794 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1795 {
1796 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1797 	int ni;
1798 
1799 	if (qflag)
1800 		return;
1801 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1802 		return;
1803 
1804 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1805 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1806 		return;
1807 	}
1808 
1809 	if (!nflag) {
1810 		if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1811 			printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1812 		else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1813 			printf("%s: ", name);
1814 	}
1815 
1816 	if (xflag > 1) {
1817 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1818 			printf("\n");
1819 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1820 		return;
1821 	}
1822 
1823 	if (xflag || node->sysctl_flags & CTLFLAG_HEX) {
1824 		for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++) {
1825 			if (xflag)
1826 				printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1827 			if (buf[ni] == '\0')
1828 				break;
1829 			if (!xflag)
1830 				printf("\\x%2.2x", buf[ni]);
1831 		}
1832 	}
1833 	else
1834 		printf("%.*s", (int)sz, buf);
1835 
1836 	if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1837 		printf(" -> ");
1838 	else
1839 		printf("\n");
1840 }
1841 
1842 /*ARGSUSED*/
1843 static void
1844 display_struct(const struct sysctlnode *node, const char *name,
1845 	       const void *data, size_t sz, int n)
1846 {
1847 	const unsigned char *buf = data;
1848 	int ni;
1849 	size_t more;
1850 
1851 	if (qflag)
1852 		return;
1853 	if (!(xflag || rflag)) {
1854 		if (Aflag || req)
1855 			sysctlperror(
1856 			    "%s: this type is unknown to this program\n",
1857 			    gsname);
1858 		return;
1859 	}
1860 	if ((nflag || rflag) && (n == DISPLAY_OLD))
1861 		return;
1862 
1863 	if (rflag && n != DISPLAY_OLD) {
1864 		fwrite(data, sz, 1, stdout);
1865 		return;
1866 	}
1867 
1868         if (!nflag) {
1869                 if (n == DISPLAY_VALUE)
1870                         printf("%s%s", name, eq);
1871                 else if (n == DISPLAY_OLD)
1872                         printf("%s: ", name);
1873         }
1874 
1875 	if (xflag > 1) {
1876 		if (n != DISPLAY_NEW)
1877 			printf("\n");
1878 		hex_dump(data, sz);
1879 		return;
1880 	}
1881 
1882 	if (sz > 16) {
1883 		more = sz - 16;
1884 		sz = 16;
1885 	}
1886 	else
1887 		more = 0;
1888 	for (ni = 0; ni < (int)sz; ni++)
1889 		printf("%02x", buf[ni]);
1890 	if (more)
1891 		printf("...(%zu more bytes)", more);
1892 	printf("\n");
1893 }
1894 
1895 static void
1896 hex_dump(const unsigned char *buf, size_t len)
1897 {
1898 	int i, j;
1899 	char line[80], tmp[12];
1900 
1901 	memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1902 	for (i = 0, j = 15; i < len; i++) {
1903 		j = i % 16;
1904 		/* reset line */
1905 		if (j == 0) {
1906 			line[58] = '|';
1907 			line[77] = '|';
1908 			line[78] = 0;
1909 			snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%07d", i);
1910 			memcpy(&line[0], tmp, 7);
1911 		}
1912 		/* copy out hex version of byte */
1913 		snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%02x", buf[i]);
1914 		memcpy(&line[9 + j * 3], tmp, 2);
1915 		/* copy out plain version of byte */
1916 		line[60 + j] = (isprint(buf[i])) ? buf[i] : '.';
1917 		/* print a full line and erase it */
1918 		if (j == 15) {
1919 			printf("%s\n", line);
1920 			memset(line, ' ', sizeof(line));
1921 		}
1922 	}
1923 	if (line[0] != ' ')
1924 		printf("%s\n", line);
1925 	printf("%07zu bytes\n", len);
1926 }
1927 
1928 /*
1929  * ********************************************************************
1930  * functions that handle particular nodes
1931  * ********************************************************************
1932  */
1933 /*ARGSUSED*/
1934 static void
1935 printother(HANDLER_ARGS)
1936 {
1937 	int rc;
1938 	void *p;
1939 	size_t sz1, sz2;
1940 
1941 	if (!(Aflag || req) || Mflag)
1942 		return;
1943 
1944 	/*
1945 	 * okay...you asked for it, so let's give it a go
1946 	 */
1947 	while (type != CTLTYPE_NODE && (xflag || rflag)) {
1948 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz1, NULL, 0);
1949 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 == 0)
1950 			break;
1951 		p = malloc(sz1);
1952 		if (p == NULL)
1953 			break;
1954 		sz2 = sz1;
1955 		rc = sysctl(name, namelen, p, &sz2, NULL, 0);
1956 		if (rc == -1 || sz1 != sz2) {
1957 			free(p);
1958 			break;
1959 		}
1960 		display_struct(pnode, gsname, p, sz1, DISPLAY_VALUE);
1961 		free(p);
1962 		return;
1963 	}
1964 
1965 	/*
1966 	 * that didn't work...do we have a specific message for this
1967 	 * thing?
1968 	 */
1969 	if (v != NULL) {
1970 		sysctlperror("%s: use '%s' to view this information\n",
1971 			     gsname, (const char *)v);
1972 		return;
1973 	}
1974 
1975 	/*
1976 	 * hmm...i wonder if we have any generic hints?
1977 	 */
1978 	switch (name[0]) {
1979 	case CTL_NET:
1980 		sysctlperror("%s: use 'netstat' to view this information\n",
1981 			     sname);
1982 		break;
1983 	case CTL_DEBUG:
1984 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DEBUG' from kernel?\n",
1985 			     sname);
1986 		break;
1987 	case CTL_DDB:
1988 		sysctlperror("%s: missing 'options DDB' from kernel?\n",
1989 			     sname);
1990 		break;
1991 	case CTL_VENDOR:
1992 		sysctlperror("%s: no vendor extensions installed\n",
1993 			     sname);
1994 		break;
1995 	}
1996 }
1997 
1998 /*ARGSUSED*/
1999 static void
2000 kern_clockrate(HANDLER_ARGS)
2001 {
2002 	struct clockinfo clkinfo;
2003 	size_t sz;
2004 	int rc;
2005 
2006 	sz = sizeof(clkinfo);
2007 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &clkinfo, &sz, NULL, 0);
2008 	if (rc == -1) {
2009 		sysctlerror(1);
2010 		return;
2011 	}
2012 	if (sz != sizeof(clkinfo))
2013 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2014 
2015 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2016 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &clkinfo, sz,
2017 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2018 		return;
2019 	}
2020 	else if (!nflag)
2021 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2022 	printf("tick = %d, tickadj = %d, hz = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d\n",
2023 	       clkinfo.tick, clkinfo.tickadj,
2024 	       clkinfo.hz, clkinfo.profhz, clkinfo.stathz);
2025 }
2026 
2027 /*ARGSUSED*/
2028 static void
2029 kern_boottime(HANDLER_ARGS)
2030 {
2031 	struct timeval timeval;
2032 	time_t boottime;
2033 	size_t sz;
2034 	int rc;
2035 
2036 	sz = sizeof(timeval);
2037 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &timeval, &sz, NULL, 0);
2038 	if (rc == -1) {
2039 		sysctlerror(1);
2040 		return;
2041 	}
2042 	if (sz != sizeof(timeval))
2043 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2044 
2045 	boottime = timeval.tv_sec;
2046 	if (xflag || rflag)
2047 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &timeval, sz,
2048 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2049 	else if (!nflag)
2050 		/* ctime() provides the \n */
2051 		printf("%s%s%s", sname, eq, ctime(&boottime));
2052 	else if (nflag == 1)
2053 		printf("%ld\n", (long)boottime);
2054 	else
2055 		printf("%ld.%06ld\n", (long)timeval.tv_sec,
2056 		       (long)timeval.tv_usec);
2057 }
2058 
2059 /*ARGSUSED*/
2060 static void
2061 kern_consdev(HANDLER_ARGS)
2062 {
2063 	dev_t cons;
2064 	size_t sz;
2065 	int rc;
2066 
2067 	sz = sizeof(cons);
2068 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &cons, &sz, NULL, 0);
2069 	if (rc == -1) {
2070 		sysctlerror(1);
2071 		return;
2072 	}
2073 	if (sz != sizeof(cons))
2074 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2075 
2076 	if (xflag || rflag)
2077 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &cons, sz,
2078 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2079 	else {
2080 		if (!nflag)
2081 			printf("%s%s", sname, eq);
2082 		if (nflag < 2 && (sname = devname(cons, S_IFCHR)) != NULL)
2083 			printf("%s\n", sname);
2084 		else
2085 			printf("0x%x\n", cons);
2086 	}
2087 }
2088 
2089 /*ARGSUSED*/
2090 static void
2091 kern_cp_time(HANDLER_ARGS)
2092 {
2093 	u_int64_t *cp_time;
2094 	size_t sz, osz;
2095 	int rc, i, n;
2096 	char s[sizeof("kern.cp_time.nnnnnn")];
2097 	const char *tname;
2098 
2099 	/*
2100 	 * three things to do here.
2101 	 * case 1: get sum (no Aflag and namelen == 2)
2102 	 * case 2: get specific processor (namelen == 3)
2103 	 * case 3: get all processors (Aflag and namelen == 2)
2104 	 */
2105 
2106 	if (namelen == 2 && Aflag) {
2107 		sz = sizeof(n);
2108 		rc = sysctlbyname("hw.ncpu", &n, &sz, NULL, 0);
2109 		if (rc != 0)
2110 			return; /* XXX print an error, eh? */
2111 		n++; /* Add on space for the sum. */
2112 		sz = n * sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2113 	}
2114 	else {
2115 		n = -1; /* Just print one data set. */
2116 		sz = sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES;
2117 	}
2118 
2119 	cp_time = malloc(sz);
2120 	if (cp_time == NULL) {
2121 		sysctlerror(1);
2122 		return;
2123 	}
2124 
2125 	osz = sz;
2126 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, cp_time + (n != -1) * CPUSTATES, &osz,
2127 		    NULL, 0);
2128 
2129 	if (rc == -1) {
2130 		sysctlerror(1);
2131 		free(cp_time);
2132 		return;
2133 	}
2134 
2135 	/*
2136 	 * Check, but account for space we'll occupy with the sum.
2137 	 */
2138 	if (osz != sz - (n != -1) * CPUSTATES * sizeof(u_int64_t))
2139 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2140 
2141 	/*
2142 	 * Compute the actual sum.  Two calls would be easier (we
2143 	 * could just call ourselves recursively above), but the
2144 	 * numbers wouldn't add up.
2145 	 */
2146 	if (n != -1) {
2147 		memset(cp_time, 0, sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES);
2148 		for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2149 			cp_time[CP_USER] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER];
2150                         cp_time[CP_NICE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE];
2151                         cp_time[CP_SYS] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS];
2152                         cp_time[CP_INTR] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR];
2153                         cp_time[CP_IDLE] += cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE];
2154 		}
2155 	}
2156 
2157 	tname = sname;
2158 	for (i = 0; n == -1 || i < n; i++) {
2159 		if (i > 0) {
2160 			(void)snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%s%s%d", sname, sep,
2161 				       i - 1);
2162 			tname = s;
2163 		}
2164 		if (xflag || rflag)
2165 			display_struct(pnode, tname, cp_time + (i * CPUSTATES),
2166 				       sizeof(u_int64_t) * CPUSTATES,
2167 				       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2168 		else {
2169 			if (!nflag)
2170 				printf("%s: ", tname);
2171 			printf("user = %" PRIu64
2172 			       ", nice = %" PRIu64
2173 			       ", sys = %" PRIu64
2174 			       ", intr = %" PRIu64
2175 			       ", idle = %" PRIu64
2176 			       "\n",
2177 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_USER],
2178 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_NICE],
2179 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_SYS],
2180 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_INTR],
2181 			       cp_time[i * CPUSTATES + CP_IDLE]);
2182 		}
2183 		/*
2184 		 * Just printing the one node.
2185 		 */
2186 		if (n == -1)
2187 			break;
2188 	}
2189 
2190 	free(cp_time);
2191 }
2192 
2193 /*ARGSUSED*/
2194 static void
2195 vm_loadavg(HANDLER_ARGS)
2196 {
2197 	struct loadavg loadavg;
2198 	size_t sz;
2199 	int rc;
2200 
2201 	sz = sizeof(loadavg);
2202 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &loadavg, &sz, NULL, 0);
2203 	if (rc == -1) {
2204 		sysctlerror(1);
2205 		return;
2206 	}
2207 	if (sz != sizeof(loadavg))
2208 		errx(1, "%s: !returned size wrong!", sname);
2209 
2210 	if (xflag || rflag) {
2211 		display_struct(pnode, sname, &loadavg, sz,
2212 			       DISPLAY_VALUE);
2213 		return;
2214 	}
2215 	if (!nflag)
2216 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2217 	printf("%.2f %.2f %.2f\n",
2218 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[0] / loadavg.fscale,
2219 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[1] / loadavg.fscale,
2220 	       (double) loadavg.ldavg[2] / loadavg.fscale);
2221 }
2222 
2223 /*ARGSUSED*/
2224 static void
2225 proc_limit(HANDLER_ARGS)
2226 {
2227 	u_quad_t olim, *newp, nlim;
2228 	size_t osz, nsz;
2229 	char *t;
2230 	int rc;
2231 
2232 	if (fn)
2233 		trim_whitespace(value, 3);
2234 
2235 	osz = sizeof(olim);
2236 	if (value != NULL) {
2237 		nsz = sizeof(nlim);
2238 		newp = &nlim;
2239 		if (strcmp(value, "unlimited") == 0)
2240 			nlim = RLIM_INFINITY;
2241 		else {
2242 			errno = 0;
2243 			nlim = strtouq(value, &t, 0);
2244 			if (t == value || *t != '\0' || errno != 0) {
2245 				sysctlperror("%s: '%s' is not a valid limit\n",
2246 					     sname, value);
2247 				EXIT(1);
2248 			}
2249 		}
2250 	}
2251 	else {
2252 		nsz = 0;
2253 		newp = NULL;
2254 	}
2255 
2256 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, &olim, &osz, newp, nsz);
2257 	if (rc == -1) {
2258 		sysctlerror(newp == NULL);
2259 		return;
2260 	}
2261 
2262 	if (newp && qflag)
2263 		return;
2264 
2265 	if (rflag || xflag || olim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2266 		display_number(pnode, sname, &olim, sizeof(olim),
2267 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2268 	else
2269 		display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2270 			       newp ? DISPLAY_OLD : DISPLAY_VALUE);
2271 
2272 	if (newp) {
2273 		if (rflag || xflag || nlim != RLIM_INFINITY)
2274 			display_number(pnode, sname, &nlim, sizeof(nlim),
2275 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2276 		else
2277 			display_string(pnode, sname, "unlimited", 10,
2278 				       DISPLAY_NEW);
2279 	}
2280 }
2281 
2282 #ifdef CPU_DISKINFO
2283 /*ARGSUSED*/
2284 static void
2285 machdep_diskinfo(HANDLER_ARGS)
2286 {
2287 	struct disklist *dl;
2288 	struct biosdisk_info *bi;
2289 	struct nativedisk_info *ni;
2290 	int rc;
2291 	size_t sz;
2292 	uint i, b, lim;
2293 
2294 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, NULL, &sz, NULL, 0);
2295 	if (rc == -1) {
2296 		sysctlerror(1);
2297 		return;
2298 	}
2299 	dl = malloc(sz);
2300 	if (dl == NULL) {
2301 		sysctlerror(1);
2302 		return;
2303 	}
2304 	rc = sysctl(name, namelen, dl, &sz, NULL, 0);
2305 	if (rc == -1) {
2306 		sysctlerror(1);
2307 		return;
2308 	}
2309 
2310 	if (!nflag)
2311 		printf("%s: ", sname);
2312 	lim = dl->dl_nbiosdisks;
2313 	if (lim > MAX_BIOSDISKS)
2314 		lim = MAX_BIOSDISKS;
2315 	for (bi = dl->dl_biosdisks, i = 0; i < lim; bi++, i++)
2316 		printf("%x:%" PRIu64 "(%d/%d/%d),%x ",
2317 		       bi->bi_dev, bi->bi_lbasecs,
2318 		       bi->bi_cyl, bi->bi_head, bi->bi_sec,
2319 		       bi->bi_flags);
2320 	lim = dl->dl_nnativedisks;
2321 	ni = dl->dl_nativedisks;
2322 	bi = dl->dl_biosdisks;
2323 	/* LINTED -- pointer casts are tedious */
2324 	if ((char *)&ni[lim] != (char *)dl + sz) {
2325 		sysctlperror("%s: size mismatch\n", gsname);
2326 		return;
2327 	}
2328 	for (i = 0; i < lim; ni++, i++) {
2329 		char t = ':';
2330 		printf(" %.*s", (int)sizeof ni->ni_devname,
2331 		       ni->ni_devname);
2332 		for (b = 0; b < ni->ni_nmatches; t = ',', b++)
2333 			printf("%c%x", t,
2334 			       bi[ni->ni_biosmatches[b]].bi_dev);
2335 	}
2336 	printf("\n");
2337 }
2338 #endif /* CPU_DISKINFO */
2339