xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs_udf/newfs_udf.c (revision c38e7cc395b1472a774ff828e46123de44c628e9)
1 /* $NetBSD: newfs_udf.c,v 1.19 2016/03/09 19:48:24 christos Exp $ */
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2006, 2008, 2013 Reinoud Zandijk
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26  *
27  */
28 
29 /*
30  * TODO
31  * - implement metadata formatting for BD-R
32  * - implement support for a read-only companion partition?
33  */
34 
35 #define _EXPOSE_MMC
36 #if 0
37 # define DEBUG
38 #endif
39 
40 #include <stdio.h>
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <dirent.h>
43 #include <inttypes.h>
44 #include <stdint.h>
45 #include <string.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <fcntl.h>
48 #include <unistd.h>
49 #include <util.h>
50 #include <time.h>
51 #include <assert.h>
52 #include <err.h>
53 
54 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
55 #include <sys/stat.h>
56 #include <sys/types.h>
57 #include <sys/cdio.h>
58 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
59 #include <sys/dkio.h>
60 #include <sys/param.h>
61 #include <sys/queue.h>
62 
63 #include <fs/udf/ecma167-udf.h>
64 #include <fs/udf/udf_mount.h>
65 
66 #include "mountprog.h"
67 #include "udf_create.h"
68 #include "udf_write.h"
69 #include "newfs_udf.h"
70 
71 /* prototypes */
72 int newfs_udf(int argc, char **argv);
73 static void usage(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
74 
75 
76 /* queue for temporary storage of sectors to be written out */
77 struct wrsect {
78 	uint64_t  sectornr;
79 	uint8_t	 *sector_data;
80 	TAILQ_ENTRY(wrsect) next;
81 };
82 
83 /* write queue and track blocking skew */
84 TAILQ_HEAD(wrsect_list, wrsect) write_queue;
85 
86 
87 /* global variables describing disc and format requests */
88 int	 fd;				/* device: file descriptor */
89 char	*dev;				/* device: name		   */
90 struct mmc_discinfo mmc_discinfo;	/* device: disc info	   */
91 
92 char	*format_str;			/* format: string representation */
93 int	 format_flags;			/* format: attribute flags	 */
94 int	 media_accesstype;		/* derived from current mmc cap  */
95 int	 check_surface;			/* for rewritables               */
96 int	 imagefile_secsize;		/* for files			 */
97 int	 emul_packetsize;		/* for discs and files		 */
98 
99 int	 wrtrack_skew;
100 int	 meta_perc = UDF_META_PERC;
101 float	 meta_fract = (float) UDF_META_PERC / 100.0;
102 
103 
104 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
105 
106 /*
107  * write queue implementation
108  */
109 
110 int
111 udf_write_sector(void *sector, uint64_t location)
112 {
113 	struct wrsect *pos, *seekpos;
114 
115 
116 	/* search location */
117 	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(seekpos, &write_queue, wrsect_list, next) {
118 		if (seekpos->sectornr <= location)
119 			break;
120 	}
121 	if ((seekpos == NULL) || (seekpos->sectornr != location)) {
122 		pos = calloc(1, sizeof(struct wrsect));
123 		if (pos == NULL)
124 			return errno;
125 		/* allocate space for copy of sector data */
126 		pos->sector_data = calloc(1, context.sector_size);
127 		if (pos->sector_data == NULL) {
128 			free(pos);
129 			return errno;
130 		}
131 		pos->sectornr = location;
132 
133 		if (seekpos) {
134 			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&write_queue, seekpos, pos, next);
135 		} else {
136 			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&write_queue, pos, next);
137 		}
138 	} else {
139 		pos = seekpos;
140 	}
141 	memcpy(pos->sector_data, sector, context.sector_size);
142 
143 	return 0;
144 }
145 
146 
147 /*
148  * Now all write requests are queued in the TAILQ, write them out to the
149  * disc/file image. Special care needs to be taken for devices that are only
150  * strict overwritable i.e. only in packet size chunks
151  *
152  * XXX support for growing vnd?
153  */
154 
155 int
156 writeout_write_queue(void)
157 {
158 	struct wrsect *pos;
159 	uint64_t offset;
160 	uint64_t line_start, new_line_start;
161 	uint32_t line_len, line_offset, relpos;
162 	uint32_t blockingnr;
163 	uint8_t *linebuf, *adr;
164 
165 	blockingnr  = layout.blockingnr;
166 	line_len    = blockingnr   * context.sector_size;
167 	line_offset = wrtrack_skew * context.sector_size;
168 
169 	linebuf     = malloc(line_len);
170 	if (linebuf == NULL)
171 		return ENOMEM;
172 
173 	pos = TAILQ_FIRST(&write_queue);
174 	bzero(linebuf, line_len);
175 
176 	/*
177 	 * Always writing out in whole lines now; this is slightly wastefull
178 	 * on logical overwrite volumes but it reduces complexity and the loss
179 	 * is near zero compared to disc size.
180 	 */
181 	line_start = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) / blockingnr;
182 	TAILQ_FOREACH(pos, &write_queue, next) {
183 		new_line_start = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) / blockingnr;
184 		if (new_line_start != line_start) {
185 			/* write out */
186 			offset = (uint64_t) line_start * line_len + line_offset;
187 #ifdef DEBUG
188 			printf("WRITEOUT %08"PRIu64" + %02d -- "
189 				"[%08"PRIu64"..%08"PRIu64"]\n",
190 				offset / context.sector_size, blockingnr,
191 				offset / context.sector_size,
192 				offset / context.sector_size + blockingnr-1);
193 #endif
194 			if (pwrite(fd, linebuf, line_len, offset) < 0) {
195 				perror("Writing failed");
196 				return errno;
197 			}
198 			line_start = new_line_start;
199 			bzero(linebuf, line_len);
200 		}
201 
202 		relpos = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) % blockingnr;
203 		adr = linebuf + relpos * context.sector_size;
204 		memcpy(adr, pos->sector_data, context.sector_size);
205 	}
206 	/* writeout last chunk */
207 	offset = (uint64_t) line_start * line_len + line_offset;
208 #ifdef DEBUG
209 	printf("WRITEOUT %08"PRIu64" + %02d -- [%08"PRIu64"..%08"PRIu64"]\n",
210 		offset / context.sector_size, blockingnr,
211 		offset / context.sector_size,
212 		offset / context.sector_size + blockingnr-1);
213 #endif
214 	if (pwrite(fd, linebuf, line_len, offset) < 0) {
215 		perror("Writing failed");
216 		return errno;
217 	}
218 
219 	/* success */
220 	return 0;
221 }
222 
223 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
224 
225 /*
226  * mmc_discinfo and mmc_trackinfo readers modified from origional in udf main
227  * code in sys/fs/udf/
228  */
229 
230 #ifdef DEBUG
231 static void
232 udf_dump_discinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
233 {
234 	char bits[128];
235 
236 	printf("Device/media info  :\n");
237 	printf("\tMMC profile        0x%02x\n", di->mmc_profile);
238 	printf("\tderived class      %d\n", di->mmc_class);
239 	printf("\tsector size        %d\n", di->sector_size);
240 	printf("\tdisc state         %d\n", di->disc_state);
241 	printf("\tlast ses state     %d\n", di->last_session_state);
242 	printf("\tbg format state    %d\n", di->bg_format_state);
243 	printf("\tfrst track         %d\n", di->first_track);
244 	printf("\tfst on last ses    %d\n", di->first_track_last_session);
245 	printf("\tlst on last ses    %d\n", di->last_track_last_session);
246 	printf("\tlink block penalty %d\n", di->link_block_penalty);
247 	snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_DFLAGS_FLAGBITS, (uint64_t) di->disc_flags);
248 	printf("\tdisc flags         %s\n", bits);
249 	printf("\tdisc id            %x\n", di->disc_id);
250 	printf("\tdisc barcode       %"PRIx64"\n", di->disc_barcode);
251 
252 	printf("\tnum sessions       %d\n", di->num_sessions);
253 	printf("\tnum tracks         %d\n", di->num_tracks);
254 
255 	snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_CAP_FLAGBITS, di->mmc_cur);
256 	printf("\tcapabilities cur   %s\n", bits);
257 	snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_CAP_FLAGBITS, di->mmc_cap);
258 	printf("\tcapabilities cap   %s\n", bits);
259 	printf("\n");
260 	printf("\tlast_possible_lba  %d\n", di->last_possible_lba);
261 	printf("\n");
262 }
263 #else
264 #define udf_dump_discinfo(a);
265 #endif
266 
267 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
268 
269 static int
270 udf_update_discinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
271 {
272 	struct stat st;
273 	struct disklabel  disklab;
274 	struct partition *dp;
275 	off_t size, sectors, secsize;
276 	int partnr, error;
277 
278 	memset(di, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_discinfo));
279 
280 	/* check if we're on a MMC capable device, i.e. CD/DVD */
281 	error = ioctl(fd, MMCGETDISCINFO, di);
282 	if (error == 0)
283 		return 0;
284 
285 	/* (re)fstat the file */
286 	fstat(fd, &st);
287 
288 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
289 		/* file support; we pick the minimum sector size allowed */
290 		size = st.st_size;
291 		secsize = imagefile_secsize;
292 		sectors = size / secsize;
293 	} else {
294 		/*
295 		 * disc partition support; note we can't use DIOCGPART in
296 		 * userland so get disc label and use the stat info to get the
297 		 * partition number.
298 		 */
299 		if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &disklab) == -1) {
300 			/* failed to get disclabel! */
301 			perror("disklabel");
302 			return errno;
303 		}
304 
305 		/* get disk partition it refers to */
306 		fstat(fd, &st);
307 		partnr = DISKPART(st.st_rdev);
308 		dp = &disklab.d_partitions[partnr];
309 
310 		/* TODO problem with last_possible_lba on resizable VND */
311 		if (dp->p_size == 0) {
312 			perror("faulty disklabel partition returned, "
313 				"check label\n");
314 			return EIO;
315 		}
316 
317 		sectors = dp->p_size;
318 		secsize = disklab.d_secsize;
319 	}
320 
321 	/* set up a disc info profile for partitions */
322 	di->mmc_profile		= 0x01;	/* disc type */
323 	di->mmc_class		= MMC_CLASS_DISC;
324 	di->disc_state		= MMC_STATE_CLOSED;
325 	di->last_session_state	= MMC_STATE_CLOSED;
326 	di->bg_format_state	= MMC_BGFSTATE_COMPLETED;
327 	di->link_block_penalty	= 0;
328 
329 	di->mmc_cur     = MMC_CAP_RECORDABLE | MMC_CAP_REWRITABLE |
330 		MMC_CAP_ZEROLINKBLK | MMC_CAP_HW_DEFECTFREE;
331 	di->mmc_cap    = di->mmc_cur;
332 	di->disc_flags = MMC_DFLAGS_UNRESTRICTED;
333 
334 	di->last_possible_lba = sectors - 1;
335 	di->sector_size       = secsize;
336 
337 	di->num_sessions = 1;
338 	di->num_tracks   = 1;
339 
340 	di->first_track  = 1;
341 	di->first_track_last_session = di->last_track_last_session = 1;
342 
343 	return 0;
344 }
345 
346 
347 int
348 udf_update_trackinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di, struct mmc_trackinfo *ti)
349 {
350 	int error, class;
351 
352 	class = di->mmc_class;
353 	if (class != MMC_CLASS_DISC) {
354 		/* tracknr specified in struct ti */
355 		error = ioctl(fd, MMCGETTRACKINFO, ti);
356 		return error;
357 	}
358 
359 	/* discs partition support */
360 	if (ti->tracknr != 1)
361 		return EIO;
362 
363 	/* create fake ti (TODO check for resized vnds) */
364 	ti->sessionnr  = 1;
365 
366 	ti->track_mode = 0;	/* XXX */
367 	ti->data_mode  = 0;	/* XXX */
368 	ti->flags = MMC_TRACKINFO_LRA_VALID | MMC_TRACKINFO_NWA_VALID;
369 
370 	ti->track_start    = 0;
371 	ti->packet_size    = emul_packetsize;
372 
373 	/* TODO support for resizable vnd */
374 	ti->track_size    = di->last_possible_lba;
375 	ti->next_writable = di->last_possible_lba;
376 	ti->last_recorded = ti->next_writable;
377 	ti->free_blocks   = 0;
378 
379 	return 0;
380 }
381 
382 
383 static int
384 udf_setup_writeparams(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
385 {
386 	struct mmc_writeparams mmc_writeparams;
387 	int error;
388 
389 	if (di->mmc_class == MMC_CLASS_DISC)
390 		return 0;
391 
392 	/*
393 	 * only CD burning normally needs setting up, but other disc types
394 	 * might need other settings to be made. The MMC framework will set up
395 	 * the nessisary recording parameters according to the disc
396 	 * characteristics read in. Modifications can be made in the discinfo
397 	 * structure passed to change the nature of the disc.
398 	 */
399 	memset(&mmc_writeparams, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_writeparams));
400 	mmc_writeparams.mmc_class  = di->mmc_class;
401 	mmc_writeparams.mmc_cur    = di->mmc_cur;
402 
403 	/*
404 	 * UDF dictates first track to determine track mode for the whole
405 	 * disc. [UDF 1.50/6.10.1.1, UDF 1.50/6.10.2.1]
406 	 * To prevent problems with a `reserved' track in front we start with
407 	 * the 2nd track and if that is not valid, go for the 1st.
408 	 */
409 	mmc_writeparams.tracknr = 2;
410 	mmc_writeparams.data_mode  = MMC_DATAMODE_DEFAULT;	/* XA disc */
411 	mmc_writeparams.track_mode = MMC_TRACKMODE_DEFAULT;	/* data */
412 
413 	error = ioctl(fd, MMCSETUPWRITEPARAMS, &mmc_writeparams);
414 	if (error) {
415 		mmc_writeparams.tracknr = 1;
416 		error = ioctl(fd, MMCSETUPWRITEPARAMS, &mmc_writeparams);
417 	}
418 	return error;
419 }
420 
421 
422 static void
423 udf_synchronise_caches(void)
424 {
425 	struct mmc_op mmc_op;
426 
427 	bzero(&mmc_op, sizeof(struct mmc_op));
428 	mmc_op.operation = MMC_OP_SYNCHRONISECACHE;
429 
430 	/* this device might not know this ioct, so just be ignorant */
431 	(void) ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &mmc_op);
432 }
433 
434 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
435 
436 static int
437 udf_prepare_disc(void)
438 {
439 	struct mmc_trackinfo ti;
440 	struct mmc_op        op;
441 	int tracknr, error;
442 
443 	/* If the last track is damaged, repair it */
444 	ti.tracknr = mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session;
445 	error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
446 	if (error)
447 		return error;
448 
449 	if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_DAMAGED) {
450 		/*
451 		 * Need to repair last track before anything can be done.
452 		 * this is an optional command, so ignore its error but report
453 		 * warning.
454 		 */
455 		memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
456 		op.operation   = MMC_OP_REPAIRTRACK;
457 		op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
458 		op.tracknr     = ti.tracknr;
459 		error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
460 
461 		if (error)
462 			(void)printf("Drive can't explicitly repair last "
463 				"damaged track, but it might autorepair\n");
464 	}
465 	/* last track (if any) might not be damaged now, operations are ok now */
466 
467 	/* setup write parameters from discinfo */
468 	error = udf_setup_writeparams(&mmc_discinfo);
469 	if (error)
470 		return error;
471 
472 	/* if the drive is not sequential, we're done */
473 	if ((mmc_discinfo.mmc_cur & MMC_CAP_SEQUENTIAL) == 0)
474 		return 0;
475 
476 #ifdef notyet
477 	/* if last track is not the reserved but an empty track, unreserve it */
478 	if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_BLANK) {
479 		if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_RESERVED == 0) {
480 			memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
481 			op.operation   = MMC_OP_UNRESERVETRACK;
482 			op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
483 			op.tracknr     = ti.tracknr;
484 			error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
485 			if (error)
486 				return error;
487 
488 			/* update discinfo since it changed by the operation */
489 			error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
490 			if (error)
491 				return error;
492 		}
493 	}
494 #endif
495 
496 	/* close the last session if its still open */
497 	if (mmc_discinfo.last_session_state == MMC_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
498 		printf("Closing last open session if present\n");
499 		/* close all associated tracks */
500 		tracknr = mmc_discinfo.first_track_last_session;
501 		while (tracknr <= mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session) {
502 			ti.tracknr = tracknr;
503 			error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
504 			if (error)
505 				return error;
506 			printf("\tClosing open track %d\n", tracknr);
507 			memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
508 			op.operation   = MMC_OP_CLOSETRACK;
509 			op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
510 			op.tracknr     = tracknr;
511 			error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
512 			if (error)
513 				return error;
514 			tracknr ++;
515 		}
516 		printf("Closing session\n");
517 		memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
518 		op.operation   = MMC_OP_CLOSESESSION;
519 		op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
520 		op.sessionnr   = mmc_discinfo.num_sessions;
521 		error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
522 		if (error)
523 			return error;
524 
525 		/* update discinfo since it changed by the operations */
526 		error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
527 		if (error)
528 			return error;
529 	}
530 
531 	if (format_flags & FORMAT_TRACK512) {
532 		/* get last track again */
533 		ti.tracknr = mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session;
534 		error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
535 		if (error)
536 			return error;
537 
538 		/* Split up the space at 512 for iso cd9660 hooking */
539 		memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
540 		op.operation   = MMC_OP_RESERVETRACK_NWA;	/* UPTO nwa */
541 		op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
542 		op.extent      = 512;				/* size */
543 		error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
544 		if (error)
545 			return error;
546 	}
547 
548 	return 0;
549 }
550 
551 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
552 
553 int
554 udf_surface_check(void)
555 {
556 	uint32_t loc, block_bytes;
557 	uint32_t sector_size, blockingnr, bpos;
558 	uint8_t *buffer;
559 	int error, num_errors;
560 
561 	sector_size = context.sector_size;
562 	blockingnr  = layout.blockingnr;
563 
564 	block_bytes = layout.blockingnr * sector_size;
565 	if ((buffer = malloc(block_bytes)) == NULL)
566 		return ENOMEM;
567 
568 	/* set all one to not kill Flash memory? */
569 	for (bpos = 0; bpos < block_bytes; bpos++)
570 		buffer[bpos] = 0x00;
571 
572 	printf("\nChecking disc surface : phase 1 - writing\n");
573 	num_errors = 0;
574 	loc = layout.first_lba;
575 	while (loc <= layout.last_lba) {
576 		/* write blockingnr sectors */
577 		error = pwrite(fd, buffer, block_bytes, loc*sector_size);
578 		printf("   %08d + %d (%02d %%)\r", loc, blockingnr,
579 			(int)((100.0 * loc)/layout.last_lba));
580 		fflush(stdout);
581 		if (error == -1) {
582 			/* block is bad */
583 			printf("BAD block at %08d + %d         \n",
584 				loc, layout.blockingnr);
585 			if ((error = udf_register_bad_block(loc))) {
586 				free(buffer);
587 				return error;
588 			}
589 			num_errors ++;
590 		}
591 		loc += layout.blockingnr;
592 	}
593 
594 	printf("\nChecking disc surface : phase 2 - reading\n");
595 	num_errors = 0;
596 	loc = layout.first_lba;
597 	while (loc <= layout.last_lba) {
598 		/* read blockingnr sectors */
599 		error = pread(fd, buffer, block_bytes, loc*sector_size);
600 		printf("   %08d + %d (%02d %%)\r", loc, blockingnr,
601 			(int)((100.0 * loc)/layout.last_lba));
602 		fflush(stdout);
603 		if (error == -1) {
604 			/* block is bad */
605 			printf("BAD block at %08d + %d         \n",
606 				loc, layout.blockingnr);
607 			if ((error = udf_register_bad_block(loc))) {
608 				free(buffer);
609 				return error;
610 			}
611 			num_errors ++;
612 		}
613 		loc += layout.blockingnr;
614 	}
615 	printf("Scan complete : %d bad blocks found\n", num_errors);
616 	free(buffer);
617 
618 	return 0;
619 }
620 
621 
622 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
623 
624 static int
625 udf_do_newfs(void)
626 {
627 	int error;
628 
629 	error = udf_do_newfs_prefix();
630 	if (error)
631 		return error;
632 	error = udf_do_rootdir();
633 	if (error)
634 		return error;
635 	error = udf_do_newfs_postfix();
636 
637 	return error;
638 }
639 
640 
641 
642 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
643 
644 static void
645 usage(void)
646 {
647 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-cFM] [-L loglabel] "
648 	    "[-P discid] [-S sectorsize] [-s size] [-p perc] "
649 	    "[-t gmtoff] [-v min_udf] [-V max_udf] special\n", getprogname());
650 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
651 }
652 
653 
654 int
655 main(int argc, char **argv)
656 {
657 	struct tm *tm;
658 	struct stat st;
659 	time_t now;
660 	off_t setsize;
661 	char  scrap[255], *colon;
662 	int ch, req_enable, req_disable, force;
663 	int error;
664 
665 	setprogname(argv[0]);
666 
667 	/* initialise */
668 	format_str    = strdup("");
669 	req_enable    = req_disable = 0;
670 	format_flags  = FORMAT_INVALID;
671 	force         = 0;
672 	check_surface = 0;
673 	setsize       = 0;
674 	imagefile_secsize = 512;	/* minimum allowed sector size */
675 	emul_packetsize   = 32;		/* reasonable default */
676 
677 	srandom((unsigned long) time(NULL));
678 	udf_init_create_context();
679 	context.app_name         = "*NetBSD newfs";
680 	context.app_version_main = APP_VERSION_MAIN;
681 	context.app_version_sub  = APP_VERSION_SUB;
682 	context.impl_name        = IMPL_NAME;
683 
684 	/* minimum and maximum UDF versions we advise */
685 	context.min_udf = 0x201;
686 	context.max_udf = 0x201;
687 
688 	/* use user's time zone as default */
689 	(void)time(&now);
690 	tm = localtime(&now);
691 	context.gmtoff = tm->tm_gmtoff;
692 
693 	/* process options */
694 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cFL:Mp:P:s:S:B:t:v:V:")) != -1) {
695 		switch (ch) {
696 		case 'c' :
697 			check_surface = 1;
698 			break;
699 		case 'F' :
700 			force = 1;
701 			break;
702 		case 'L' :
703 			if (context.logvol_name) free(context.logvol_name);
704 			context.logvol_name = strdup(optarg);
705 			break;
706 		case 'M' :
707 			req_disable |= FORMAT_META;
708 			break;
709 		case 'p' :
710 			meta_perc = a_num(optarg, "meta_perc");
711 			/* limit to `sensible` values */
712 			meta_perc = MIN(meta_perc, 99);
713 			meta_perc = MAX(meta_perc, 1);
714 			meta_fract = (float) meta_perc/100.0;
715 			break;
716 		case 'v' :
717 			context.min_udf = a_udf_version(optarg, "min_udf");
718 			if (context.min_udf > context.max_udf)
719 				context.max_udf = context.min_udf;
720 			break;
721 		case 'V' :
722 			context.max_udf = a_udf_version(optarg, "max_udf");
723 			if (context.min_udf > context.max_udf)
724 				context.min_udf = context.max_udf;
725 			break;
726 		case 'P' :
727 			/* check if there is a ':' in the name */
728 			if ((colon = strstr(optarg, ":"))) {
729 				if (context.volset_name)
730 					free(context.volset_name);
731 				*colon = 0;
732 				context.volset_name = strdup(optarg);
733 				optarg = colon+1;
734 			}
735 			if (context.primary_name)
736 				free(context.primary_name);
737 			if ((strstr(optarg, ":"))) {
738 				perror("primary name can't have ':' in its name");
739 				return EXIT_FAILURE;
740 			}
741 			context.primary_name = strdup(optarg);
742 			break;
743 		case 's' :
744 			/* support for files, set file size */
745 			/* XXX support for formatting recordables on vnd/file? */
746 			if (dehumanize_number(optarg, &setsize) < 0) {
747 				perror("can't parse size argument");
748 				return EXIT_FAILURE;
749 			}
750 			setsize = MAX(0, setsize);
751 			break;
752 		case 'S' :
753 			imagefile_secsize = a_num(optarg, "secsize");
754 			imagefile_secsize = MAX(512, imagefile_secsize);
755 			break;
756 		case 'B' :
757 			emul_packetsize = a_num(optarg,
758 				"blockingnr, packetsize");
759 			emul_packetsize = MAX(emul_packetsize, 1);
760 			emul_packetsize = MIN(emul_packetsize, 32);
761 			break;
762 		case 't' :
763 			/* time zone overide */
764 			context.gmtoff = a_num(optarg, "gmtoff");
765 			break;
766 		default  :
767 			usage();
768 			/* NOTREACHED */
769 		}
770 	}
771 
772 	if (optind + 1 != argc)
773 		usage();
774 
775 	/* get device and directory specifier */
776 	dev = argv[optind];
777 
778 	/* open device */
779 	if ((fd = open(dev, O_RDWR, 0)) == -1) {
780 		/* check if we need to create a file */
781 		fd = open(dev, O_RDONLY, 0);
782 		if (fd > 0) {
783 			perror("device is there but can't be opened for read/write");
784 			return EXIT_FAILURE;
785 		}
786 		if (!force) {
787 			perror("can't open device");
788 			return EXIT_FAILURE;
789 		}
790 		if (setsize == 0) {
791 			perror("need to create image file but no size specified");
792 			return EXIT_FAILURE;
793 		}
794 		/* need to create a file */
795 		fd = open(dev, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777);
796 		if (fd == -1) {
797 			perror("can't create image file");
798 			return EXIT_FAILURE;
799 		}
800 	}
801 
802 	/* stat the device */
803 	if (fstat(fd, &st) != 0) {
804 		perror("can't stat the device");
805 		close(fd);
806 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
807 	}
808 
809 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
810 		if (setsize == 0)
811 			setsize = st.st_size;
812 		/* sanitise arguments */
813 		imagefile_secsize &= ~511;
814 		setsize &= ~(imagefile_secsize-1);
815 
816 		if (ftruncate(fd, setsize)) {
817 			perror("can't resize file");
818 			return EXIT_FAILURE;
819 		}
820 	}
821 
822 	/* formatting can only be done on raw devices */
823 	if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
824 		printf("%s is not a raw device\n", dev);
825 		close(fd);
826 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
827 	}
828 
829 	/* just in case something went wrong, synchronise the drive's cache */
830 	udf_synchronise_caches();
831 
832 	/* get 'disc' information */
833 	error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
834 	if (error) {
835 		perror("can't retrieve discinfo");
836 		close(fd);
837 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
838 	}
839 
840 	/* derive disc identifiers when not specified and check given */
841 	error = udf_proces_names();
842 	if (error) {
843 		/* error message has been printed */
844 		close(fd);
845 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
846 	}
847 
848 	/* derive newfs disc format from disc profile */
849 	error = udf_derive_format(req_enable, req_disable, force);
850 	if (error)  {
851 		/* error message has been printed */
852 		close(fd);
853 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
854 	}
855 
856 	udf_dump_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
857 	printf("Formatting disc compatible with UDF version %x to %x\n\n",
858 		context.min_udf, context.max_udf);
859 	(void)snprintb(scrap, sizeof(scrap), FORMAT_FLAGBITS,
860 	    (uint64_t) format_flags);
861 	printf("UDF properties       %s\n", scrap);
862 	printf("Volume set          `%s'\n", context.volset_name);
863 	printf("Primary volume      `%s`\n", context.primary_name);
864 	printf("Logical volume      `%s`\n", context.logvol_name);
865 	if (format_flags & FORMAT_META)
866 		printf("Metadata percentage  %d %%\n", meta_perc);
867 	printf("\n");
868 
869 	/* prepare disc if nessisary (recordables mainly) */
870 	error = udf_prepare_disc();
871 	if (error) {
872 		perror("preparing disc failed");
873 		close(fd);
874 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
875 	};
876 
877 	/* setup sector writeout queue's */
878 	TAILQ_INIT(&write_queue);
879 
880 	/* perform the newfs itself */
881 	error = udf_do_newfs();
882 	if (!error) {
883 		/* write out sectors */
884 		error = writeout_write_queue();
885 	}
886 
887 	/* in any case, synchronise the drive's cache to prevent lockups */
888 	udf_synchronise_caches();
889 
890 	close(fd);
891 	if (error)
892 		return EXIT_FAILURE;
893 
894 	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
895 }
896 
897 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
898 
899