xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs_lfs/make_lfs.c (revision ce2c90c7c172d95d2402a5b3d96d8f8e6d138a21)
1 /*	$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.9 2006/09/05 19:44:44 riz Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Konrad E. Schroder <perseant@hhhh.org>.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *	This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
21  *	Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
23  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
24  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
27  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
28  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
29  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
30  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
31  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
32  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
33  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
34  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
35  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
36  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 /*-
39  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
40  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44  * are met:
45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
51  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
52  *    without specific prior written permission.
53  *
54  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
55  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
56  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
57  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
58  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
59  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
60  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
61  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
62  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
63  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
64  * SUCH DAMAGE.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
68 #ifndef lint
69 #if 0
70 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)lfs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/24/95";
71 #else
72 __RCSID("$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.9 2006/09/05 19:44:44 riz Exp $");
73 #endif
74 #endif /* not lint */
75 
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/disk.h>
78 #include <sys/time.h>
79 #include <sys/mount.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 
82 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
83 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
84 #include <ufs/ufs/inode.h>
85 
86 /* Override certain things to make <ufs/lfs/lfs.h> work */
87 # undef simple_lock
88 # define simple_lock(x)
89 # undef simple_unlock
90 # define simple_unlock(x)
91 # define vnode uvnode
92 # define buf ubuf
93 # define panic call_panic
94 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
95 
96 #include <err.h>
97 #include <errno.h>
98 #include <stdio.h>
99 #include <stdlib.h>
100 #include <string.h>
101 #include <time.h>
102 #include <unistd.h>
103 
104 #include "config.h"
105 #include "extern.h"
106 
107 #include "bufcache.h"
108 #include "vnode.h"
109 #include "lfs_user.h"
110 #include "segwrite.h"
111 
112 extern int Nflag; /* Don't write anything */
113 ufs_daddr_t ifibc; /* How many indirect blocks */
114 
115 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
116 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO LOSTFOUNDINO
117 #else
118 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO ROOTINO
119 #endif
120 
121 static struct lfs lfs_default =  {
122 	{ /* lfs_dlfs */
123 		/* dlfs_magic */	LFS_MAGIC,
124 		/* dlfs_version */	LFS_VERSION,
125 		/* dlfs_size */		0,
126 		/* dlfs_ssize */	DFL_LFSSEG,
127 		/* dlfs_dsize */	0,
128 		/* dlfs_bsize */	DFL_LFSBLOCK,
129 		/* dlfs_fsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
130 		/* dlfs_frag */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/DFL_LFSFRAG,
131 		/* dlfs_freehd */	HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1,
132 		/* dlfs_bfree */	0,
133 		/* dlfs_nfiles */	0,
134 		/* dlfs_avail */	0,
135 		/* dlfs_uinodes */	0,
136 		/* dlfs_idaddr */	0,
137 		/* dlfs_ifile */	LFS_IFILE_INUM,
138 		/* dlfs_lastseg */	0,
139 		/* dlfs_nextseg */	0,
140 		/* dlfs_curseg */	0,
141 		/* dlfs_offset */	0,
142 		/* dlfs_lastpseg */	0,
143 		/* dlfs_inopf */	0,
144 		/* dlfs_minfree */	MINFREE,
145 		/* dlfs_maxfilesize */	0,
146 		/* dlfs_fsbpseg */	0,
147 		/* dlfs_inopb */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode),
148 		/* dlfs_ifpb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(IFILE),
149 		/* dlfs_sepb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(SEGUSE),
150 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
151 		/* dlfs_nindir */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(int32_t),
152 		/* dlfs_nseg */		0,
153 		/* dlfs_nspf */		0,
154 		/* dlfs_cleansz */	0,
155 		/* dlfs_segtabsz */	0,
156 		/* dlfs_segmask */	DFL_LFSSEG_MASK,
157 		/* dlfs_segshift */	DFL_LFSSEG_SHIFT,
158 		/* dlfs_bshift */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_SHIFT,
159 		/* dlfs_ffshift */	DFL_LFS_FFSHIFT,
160 		/* dlfs_fbshift */	DFL_LFS_FBSHIFT,
161 		/* dlfs_bmask */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_MASK,
162 		/* dlfs_ffmask */	DFL_LFS_FFMASK,
163 		/* dlfs_fbmask */	DFL_LFS_FBMASK,
164 		/* dlfs_blktodb */	0,
165 		/* dlfs_sushift */	0,
166 		/* dlfs_maxsymlinklen */	MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1,
167 		/* dlfs_sboffs */	{ 0 },
168 		/* dlfs_nclean */       0,
169 		/* dlfs_fsmnt */        { 0 },
170 		/* dlfs_pflags */       LFS_PF_CLEAN,
171 		/* dlfs_dmeta */	0,
172 		/* dlfs_minfreeseg */   0,
173 		/* dlfs_sumsize */	0,
174 		/* dlfs_serial */	0,
175 		/* dlfs_ibsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
176 		/* dlfs_start */	0,
177 		/* dlfs_tstamp */       0,
178 		/* dlfs_inodefmt */     LFS_44INODEFMT,
179 		/* dlfs_interleave */   0,
180 		/* dlfs_ident */        0,
181 		/* dlfs_fsbtodb */      0,
182 		/* dlfs_resvseg */      0,
183 
184 		/* dlfs_pad */ 		{ 0 },
185 		/* dlfs_cksum */	0
186 	},
187 	/* lfs_sp */		NULL,
188 	/* lfs_ivnode */	NULL,
189 	/* lfs_seglock */	0,
190 	/* lfs_lockpid */	0,
191 	/* lfs_iocount */	0,
192 	/* lfs_writer */	0,
193 	/* lfs_dirops */	0,
194 	/* lfs_doifile */	0,
195 	/* lfs_nactive */	0,
196 	/* lfs_fmod */		0,
197 	/* lfs_ronly */		0,
198 	/* lfs_flags */		0
199 };
200 
201 #define	UMASK	0755
202 
203 struct direct lfs_root_dir[] = {
204 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "."},
205 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".."},
206 	/* { LFS_IFILE_INUM, sizeof(struct direct), DT_REG, 5, "ifile"}, */
207 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
208 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found"},
209 #endif
210 };
211 
212 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
213 struct direct lfs_lf_dir[] = {
214         { LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
215         { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
216 };
217 #endif
218 
219 void pwarn(const char *, ...);
220 static void make_dinode(ino_t, struct ufs1_dinode *, int, struct lfs *);
221 static void make_dir( void *, struct direct *, int);
222 static uint64_t maxfilesize(int);
223 
224 /*
225  * calculate the maximum file size allowed with the specified block shift.
226  */
227 static uint64_t
228 maxfilesize(int bshift)
229 {
230 	uint64_t nptr; /* number of block pointers per block */
231 	uint64_t maxblock;
232 
233 	nptr = (1 << bshift) / sizeof(uint32_t);
234 	maxblock = NDADDR + nptr + nptr * nptr + nptr * nptr * nptr;
235 
236 	return maxblock << bshift;
237 }
238 
239 /*
240  * Create the root directory for this file system and the lost+found
241  * directory.
242  */
243 static void
244 make_dinode(ino_t ino, struct ufs1_dinode *dip, int nfrags, struct lfs *fs)
245 {
246 	int fsb_per_blk, i;
247 	int nblocks, bb, base, factor, lvl;
248 
249 	nblocks = howmany(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
250 	if(nblocks >= NDADDR)
251 		nfrags = roundup(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
252 
253 	dip->di_nlink = 1;
254 	dip->di_blocks = fragstofsb(fs, nfrags);
255 
256 	dip->di_size = (nfrags << fs->lfs_ffshift);
257 	dip->di_atime = dip->di_mtime = dip->di_ctime = fs->lfs_tstamp;
258 	dip->di_atimensec = dip->di_mtimensec = dip->di_ctimensec = 0;
259 	dip->di_inumber = ino;
260 	dip->di_gen = 1;
261 
262 	fsb_per_blk = fragstofsb(fs, blkstofrags(fs, 1));
263 
264 	if (NDADDR < nblocks) {
265 		/* Count up how many indirect blocks we need, recursively */
266 		/* XXX We are only called with nblocks > 1 for Ifile */
267 		bb = nblocks - NDADDR;
268 		while (bb > 0) {
269 			bb = howmany(bb, NINDIR(fs));
270 			ifibc += bb;
271 			--bb;
272 		}
273 		dip->di_blocks += fragstofsb(fs, blkstofrags(fs, ifibc));
274 	}
275 
276 	/* Assign the block addresses for the ifile */
277 	for (i = 0; i < MIN(nblocks,NDADDR); i++) {
278 		dip->di_db[i] = 0x0;
279 	}
280 	if(nblocks > NDADDR) {
281 		dip->di_ib[0] = 0x0;
282 		bb = howmany(nblocks - NDADDR, NINDIR(fs)) - 1;
283 		factor = NINDIR(fs);
284 		base = -NDADDR - factor;
285 		lvl = 1;
286 		while (bb > 0) {
287 			dip->di_ib[lvl] = 0x0;
288 			bb = howmany(bb, NINDIR(fs));
289 			--bb;
290 			factor *= NINDIR(fs);
291 			base -= factor;
292 			++lvl;
293 		}
294 	}
295 }
296 
297 /*
298  * Construct a set of directory entries in "bufp".  We assume that all the
299  * entries in protodir fir in the first DIRBLKSIZ.
300  */
301 static void
302 make_dir(void *bufp, struct direct *protodir, int entries)
303 {
304 	char *cp;
305 	int i, spcleft;
306 
307 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
308 	for (cp = bufp, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
309 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0);
310 		memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
311 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
312 		if ((spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen) < 0)
313 			fatal("%s: %s", special, "directory too big");
314 	}
315 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
316 	memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0));
317 }
318 
319 int
320 make_lfs(int devfd, uint secsize, struct dkwedge_info *dkw, int minfree,
321 	 int block_size, int frag_size, int seg_size, int minfreeseg,
322 	 int resvseg, int version, daddr_t start, int ibsize, int interleave,
323 	 u_int32_t roll_id)
324 {
325 	struct ufs1_dinode *dip;	/* Pointer to a disk inode */
326 	CLEANERINFO *cip;	/* Segment cleaner information table */
327 	IFILE *ip;		/* Pointer to array of ifile structures */
328 	IFILE_V1 *ip_v1 = NULL;
329 	struct lfs *fs;		/* Superblock */
330 	SEGUSE *segp;		/* Segment usage table */
331 	daddr_t	sb_addr;	/* Address of superblocks */
332 	daddr_t	seg_addr;	/* Address of current segment */
333 	int bsize;		/* Block size */
334 	int fsize;		/* Fragment size */
335 	int db_per_blk;		/* Disk blocks per file block */
336 	int i, j;
337 	int sb_interval;	/* number of segs between super blocks */
338 	int ssize;		/* Segment size */
339 	double fssize;
340 	int warned_segtoobig=0;
341 	int label_fsb, sb_fsb;
342 	int curw, ww;
343 	char tbuf[BUFSIZ];
344 	struct ubuf *bp;
345 	struct uvnode *vp, *save_devvp;
346 	int bb, ubb, dmeta, labelskew;
347 	u_int64_t tsepb, tnseg;
348 
349 	/*
350 	 * Initialize buffer cache.  Use a ballpark guess of the length of
351 	 * the segment table for the number of hash chains.
352 	 */
353 	tnseg = dkw->dkw_size / ((seg_size ? seg_size : DFL_LFSSEG) / secsize);
354 	tsepb = (block_size ? block_size : DFL_LFSBLOCK) / sizeof(SEGSUM);
355 	if (tnseg == 0)
356 		fatal("zero size partition");
357 	bufinit(tnseg / tsepb);
358 
359 	/* Initialize LFS subsystem with blank superblock and ifile. */
360 	fs = lfs_init(devfd, start, (ufs_daddr_t)0, 1, 1/* XXX debug*/);
361 	save_devvp = fs->lfs_devvp;
362 	vp = fs->lfs_ivnode;
363 	*fs = lfs_default;
364 	fs->lfs_ivnode = vp;
365 	fs->lfs_devvp = save_devvp;
366 
367 
368 	/* Set version first of all since it is used to compute other fields */
369 	fs->lfs_version = version;
370 
371 	/* If partition is not an LFS partition, warn that that is the case */
372 	if (strcmp(dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS) != 0) {
373 		fatal("partition label indicated fs type \"%s\", "
374 		    "expected \"%s\"", dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS);
375 	}
376 
377 	if (!(bsize = block_size))
378 		bsize = DFL_LFSBLOCK;
379 	if (!(fsize = frag_size))
380 		fsize = DFL_LFSFRAG;
381 	if (!(ssize = seg_size)) {
382 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
383 	}
384 	if (version > 1) {
385 		if (ibsize == 0)
386 			ibsize = fsize;
387 		if (ibsize <= 0 || ibsize % fsize)
388 			fatal("illegal inode block size: %d\n", ibsize);
389 	} else if (ibsize && ibsize != bsize)
390 		fatal("cannot specify inode block size when version == 1\n");
391 
392 	/* Sanity check: fsize<=bsize<ssize */
393 	if (fsize > bsize) {
394 		/* Only complain if fsize was explicitly set */
395 		if(frag_size)
396 			fatal("fragment size must be <= block size %d", bsize);
397 		fsize = bsize;
398 	}
399 	if (bsize >= ssize) {
400 		/* Only fatal if ssize was explicitly set */
401 		if(seg_size)
402 			fatal("block size must be < segment size");
403 		warnx("%s: disklabel segment size (%d) too small, using default (%d)",
404 		      progname, ssize, DFL_LFSSEG);
405 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
406 	}
407 	if (start < 0 || start >= dkw->dkw_size)
408 		fatal("filesystem offset %ld out of range", (long)start);
409 	if (version == 1) {
410 		if (start)
411 			warnx("filesystem offset ignored for version 1 filesystem");
412 		start = LFS_LABELPAD / secsize;
413 	}
414 
415     tryagain:
416 	/* Modify parts of superblock overridden by command line arguments */
417 	if (bsize != DFL_LFSBLOCK || fsize != DFL_LFSFRAG) {
418 		fs->lfs_bshift = lfs_log2(bsize);
419 		if (1 << fs->lfs_bshift != bsize)
420 			fatal("%d: block size not a power of 2", bsize);
421 		fs->lfs_bsize = bsize;
422 		fs->lfs_fsize = fsize;
423 		fs->lfs_bmask = bsize - 1;
424 		fs->lfs_ffmask = fsize - 1;
425 		fs->lfs_ffshift = lfs_log2(fsize);
426 		if (1 << fs->lfs_ffshift != fsize)
427 			fatal("%d: frag size not a power of 2", fsize);
428 		fs->lfs_frag = numfrags(fs, bsize);
429 		fs->lfs_fbmask = fs->lfs_frag - 1;
430 		fs->lfs_fbshift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_frag);
431 		fs->lfs_ifpb = bsize / sizeof(IFILE);
432 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
433 		fs->lfs_nindir = bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
434 	}
435 
436 	if (fs->lfs_version == 1) {
437 		fs->lfs_sumsize = LFS_V1_SUMMARY_SIZE;
438 		fs->lfs_segshift = lfs_log2(ssize);
439 		if (1 << fs->lfs_segshift != ssize)
440 			fatal("%d: segment size not power of 2", ssize);
441 		fs->lfs_segmask = ssize - 1;
442 		fs->lfs_ifpb = fs->lfs_bsize / sizeof(IFILE_V1);
443 		fs->lfs_ibsize = fs->lfs_bsize;
444 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE_V1);
445 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize >> fs->lfs_bshift;
446 	} else {
447 		if (ssize % fsize) {
448 			fprintf(stderr,
449 				"Segment size %d is not a multiple of frag size; ",
450 				 ssize);
451 			ssize = roundup(ssize, fsize);
452 			fprintf(stderr, "trying size %d.\n", ssize);
453 			goto tryagain;
454 		}
455 		fs->lfs_sumsize = fsize;
456 		fs->lfs_segshift = 0;
457 		fs->lfs_segmask = 0;
458 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE);
459 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize;
460 		fs->lfs_ibsize = ibsize;
461 	}
462 	fs->lfs_inopb = fs->lfs_ibsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
463 	fs->lfs_minfree = minfree;
464 
465 	if (version > 1) {
466 		fs->lfs_inopf = secsize/DINODE1_SIZE;
467 		fs->lfs_interleave = interleave;
468 		if (roll_id == 0)
469 			roll_id = arc4random();
470 		fs->lfs_ident = roll_id;
471 	}
472 
473 	/*
474 	 * Fill in parts of superblock that can be computed from file system
475 	 * size, disk geometry and current time.
476 	 */
477 	db_per_blk = bsize/secsize;
478 	fs->lfs_blktodb = lfs_log2(db_per_blk);
479 	fs->lfs_fsbtodb = lfs_log2(fsize / secsize);
480 	if (version == 1) {
481 		fs->lfs_sushift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_sepb);
482 		fs->lfs_fsbtodb = 0;
483 		fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_blktodb;
484 	}
485 	label_fsb = btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_LABELPAD, fsize));
486 	sb_fsb = btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_SBPAD, fsize));
487 	fs->lfs_fsbpseg = dbtofsb(fs, ssize / secsize);
488 	fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_fsbtodb;
489 	fs->lfs_dsize = dbtofsb(fs, dkw->dkw_size) -
490 		MAX(label_fsb, dbtofsb(fs, start));
491 	fs->lfs_nseg = fs->lfs_dsize / segtod(fs, 1);
492 
493 	fs->lfs_nclean = fs->lfs_nseg - 1;
494 	fs->lfs_maxfilesize = maxfilesize(fs->lfs_bshift);
495 
496 	if (minfreeseg == 0)
497 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = fs->lfs_nseg / DFL_MIN_FREE_SEGS;
498 	else
499 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = minfreeseg;
500 	if (fs->lfs_minfreeseg < MIN_FREE_SEGS)
501 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = MIN_FREE_SEGS;
502 
503 	if (resvseg == 0)
504 		fs->lfs_resvseg = fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2 + 1;
505 	else
506 		fs->lfs_resvseg = resvseg;
507 	if (fs->lfs_resvseg < MIN_RESV_SEGS)
508 		fs->lfs_resvseg = MIN_RESV_SEGS;
509 
510 	if(fs->lfs_nseg < fs->lfs_minfreeseg + 1
511 	   || fs->lfs_nseg < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL + 1)
512 	{
513 		if(seg_size == 0 && ssize > (bsize<<1)) {
514 			if(!warned_segtoobig) {
515 				fprintf(stderr,"Segment size %d is too large; "
516 					"trying smaller sizes.\n", ssize);
517 				if (ssize == (bsize << 16)) {
518 					fprintf(stderr, "(Did you perhaps "
519 						"accidentally leave \"16\" "
520 						"in the disklabel's sgs "
521 						"field?)\n");
522 				}
523 			}
524 			++warned_segtoobig;
525 			ssize >>= 1;
526 			goto tryagain;
527 		}
528 		fatal("Could not allocate enough segments with segment "
529 			"size %d and block size %d;\nplease decrease the "
530 			"segment size.\n", ssize, fs->lfs_bsize);
531 	}
532 
533 	/*
534 	 * Now that we've determined what we're going to do, announce it
535 	 * to the user.
536 	 */
537         printf("Creating a version %d LFS", fs->lfs_version);
538         if (fs->lfs_version > 1)
539                 printf(" with roll-forward ident 0x%x", fs->lfs_ident);
540         printf("\n");
541         fssize = (double)fs->lfs_nseg;
542         fssize *= (double)ssize;
543         fssize /= 1048576.0;
544         printf("%.1fMB in %d segments of size %d\n", fssize,
545                fs->lfs_nseg, ssize);
546 
547 	/*
548 	 * The number of free blocks is set from the number of segments
549 	 * times the segment size - lfs_minfreesegs (that we never write
550 	 * because we need to make sure the cleaner can run).  Then
551 	 * we'll subtract off the room for the superblocks ifile entries
552 	 * and segment usage table, and half a block per segment that can't
553 	 * be written due to fragmentation.
554 	 */
555 	fs->lfs_dsize = (fs->lfs_nseg - fs->lfs_minfreeseg) *
556 		segtod(fs, 1);
557 	fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize;
558 	fs->lfs_bfree -= dbtofsb(fs, ((fs->lfs_nseg / 2) <<
559 		fs->lfs_blktodb));
560 
561 	fs->lfs_segtabsz = SEGTABSIZE_SU(fs);
562 	fs->lfs_cleansz = CLEANSIZE_SU(fs);
563 	if ((fs->lfs_tstamp = time(NULL)) == -1)
564 		fatal("time: %s", strerror(errno));
565 	if (version == 1)
566 		fs->lfs_otstamp = fs->lfs_tstamp;
567 
568 	if ((sb_interval = fs->lfs_nseg / LFS_MAXNUMSB) < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL)
569 		sb_interval = LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL;
570 
571 	/*
572 	 * Figure out where the superblocks are going to live.
573 	 *
574 	 * Make segment 0 start at either zero, or LFS_LABELPAD, or
575 	 * >= LFS_SBPAD+LFS_LABELPAD, in order to prevent segment 0
576 	 * from having half a superblock in it.
577 	 */
578 	if (fsbtodb(fs, dbtofsb(fs, start)) != start)
579 		fatal("Segment 0 offset is not multiple of frag size\n");
580 	if (start != 0 && dbtob(start) != LFS_LABELPAD &&
581 	    dbtob(start) < LFS_SBPAD + LFS_LABELPAD) {
582 		fatal("Using flags \"-O %" PRId64 "\" would result in the "
583 		      "first segment containing only\npart of a superblock.  "
584 		      "Please choose an offset of 0, %d, or %d or more,\n",
585 		      start, btodb(LFS_LABELPAD),
586 		      btodb(LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD));
587 	}
588 	fs->lfs_sboffs[0] = label_fsb;
589 	if (version == 1)
590 		fs->lfs_start = fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
591 	else
592 		fs->lfs_start = dbtofsb(fs, start);
593         fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
594 	for (i = 1; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
595 		sb_addr = ((i * sb_interval) * segtod(fs, 1))
596 		    + fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
597 		/* Segment 0 eats the label, except for version 1 */
598 		if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < label_fsb)
599 			sb_addr -= label_fsb - start;
600 		if (sb_addr + sizeof(struct dlfs)
601 		    >= dbtofsb(fs, dkw->dkw_size))
602 			break;
603 		fs->lfs_sboffs[i] = sb_addr;
604 		fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
605 	}
606 
607 	/* We need >= 2 superblocks */
608 	if(fs->lfs_sboffs[1] == 0x0) {
609 		fatal("Could not assign a disk address for the second "
610 		      "superblock.\nPlease decrease the segment size.\n");
611 	}
612 
613 	fs->lfs_lastseg = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 2);
614 	fs->lfs_curseg = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 1);
615 	fs->lfs_offset = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg);
616 	fs->lfs_nextseg = sntod(fs, 0);
617 
618 	/*
619 	 * Initialize the Ifile inode.  Do this before we do anything
620 	 * with the Ifile or segment tables.
621 	 */
622 	dip = VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_din.ffs1_din = (struct ufs1_dinode *)
623 		malloc(sizeof(*dip));
624 	if (dip == NULL)
625 		err(1, NULL);
626 	memset(dip, 0, sizeof(*dip));
627 	dip->di_mode  = IFREG|IREAD|IWRITE;
628 	dip->di_flags = SF_IMMUTABLE;
629 	make_dinode(LFS_IFILE_INUM, dip,
630 		blkstofrags(fs, fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1), fs);
631 	dip->di_size = (fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1) << fs->lfs_bshift;
632 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < (dip->di_size >> fs->lfs_bshift); i++)
633 		VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
634 
635 	/*
636 	 * Set up in-superblock segment usage cache
637 	 */
638  	fs->lfs_suflags = (u_int32_t **) malloc(2 * sizeof(u_int32_t *));
639 	if (fs->lfs_suflags == NULL)
640 		err(1, NULL);
641 	fs->lfs_suflags[0] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
642 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[0] == NULL)
643 		err(1, NULL);
644 	fs->lfs_suflags[1] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
645 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[1] == NULL)
646 		err(1, NULL);
647 
648 	/*
649 	 * Initialize the cleanerinfo block
650 	 */
651 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
652 	cip->clean = fs->lfs_nseg;
653 	cip->dirty = 0;
654 	if (version > 1) {
655 		cip->free_head = HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1;
656 		cip->free_tail = fs->lfs_ifpb - 1;
657 	}
658 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
659 
660 	/*
661 	 * Run through segment table and initialize that
662 	 */
663 	for (i = j = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
664 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
665 
666 		if (i == 0 &&
667 		    fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD)) {
668 			segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
669 			fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
670 			++j;
671 		}
672 		if (i > 0) {
673 			if ((i % sb_interval) == 0 && j < LFS_MAXNUMSB) {
674 				segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
675 				fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
676 				++j;
677 			} else
678 				segp->su_flags = 0;
679 		}
680 		segp->su_lastmod = 0;
681 		segp->su_nbytes = 0;
682 		segp->su_ninos = 0;
683 		segp->su_nsums = 0;
684 
685 		LFS_WRITESEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
686 	}
687 
688 	/* Initialize root directory */
689 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, ROOTINO, devfd, 0x0);
690 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
691 	make_dinode(ROOTINO, dip, howmany(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
692 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
693 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
694 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
695         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 3;
696 #else
697         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
698 #endif
699         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
700 		btofsb(fs, roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
701 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < howmany(DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
702 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
703 	if (DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
704 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
705 			roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
706 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, &bp);
707 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_root_dir,
708 		 sizeof(lfs_root_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
709 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
710 
711 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
712 	/* Initialize lost+found directory */
713 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, LOSTFOUNDINO, devfd, 0x0);
714 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
715 	make_dinode(LOSTFOUNDINO, dip, howmany(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
716 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
717 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
718         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
719         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
720 		btofsb(fs, roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
721 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < howmany(DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
722 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
723 	if (DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
724 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
725 			roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
726 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, &bp);
727 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_lf_dir,
728 		 sizeof(lfs_lf_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
729 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
730 #endif /* MAKE_LF_DIR */
731 
732 	/* Set their IFILE entry version numbers to 1 */
733 	LFS_IENTRY(ip, fs, 1, bp);
734 	if (version == 1) {
735 		ip_v1 = (IFILE_V1 *)ip;
736 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
737 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
738 			ip_v1->if_daddr = 0x0;
739 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = 0;
740 			++ip_v1;
741 		}
742 	} else {
743 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
744 			ip->if_version = 1;
745 			ip->if_daddr = 0x0;
746 			ip->if_nextfree = 0;
747 			++ip;
748 		}
749 	}
750 	/* Link remaining IFILE entries in free list */
751 	if (version == 1) {
752 		for (;
753 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip_v1) {
754 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
755 			ip_v1->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
756 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = ++i;
757 		}
758 		--ip_v1;
759 		ip_v1->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
760 	} else {
761 		for (;
762 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip) {
763 			ip->if_version = 1;
764 			ip->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
765 			ip->if_nextfree = ++i;
766 		}
767 		--ip;
768 		ip->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
769 	}
770 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
771 
772 	/* Write it all to disk. */
773 	if (!Nflag)
774 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
775 
776 	/*
777 	 * Now that we've written everything, look to see what's available
778 	 * for writing.
779 	 */
780 	fs->lfs_avail = 0;
781 	bb = ubb = dmeta = 0;
782 	for (i = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
783 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
784                 if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_DIRTY) {
785                         bb += btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
786                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize);
787                         ubb += btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
788                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize +
789                             segp->su_ninos * fs->lfs_ibsize);
790                         dmeta += btofsb(fs,
791                             fs->lfs_sumsize * segp->su_nsums);
792                         dmeta += btofsb(fs,
793                             fs->lfs_ibsize * segp->su_ninos);
794 		} else {
795                         fs->lfs_avail += segtod(fs, 1);
796                         if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK)
797                                 fs->lfs_avail -= btofsb(fs, LFS_SBPAD);
798                         if (i == 0 && fs->lfs_version > 1 &&
799                             fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
800                                 fs->lfs_avail -= btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD) -
801                                     fs->lfs_start;
802                 }
803 		brelse(bp);
804         }
805         /* Also may be available bytes in current seg */
806         i = dtosn(fs, fs->lfs_offset);
807         fs->lfs_avail += sntod(fs, i + 1) - fs->lfs_offset;
808         /* But do not count minfreesegs */
809         fs->lfs_avail -= segtod(fs, (fs->lfs_minfreeseg - (fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2)));
810 
811         labelskew = 0;
812         if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
813                 labelskew = btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD);
814         fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize - labelskew - (ubb + bb) / 2;
815 
816 	/* Put that in the Ifile version too, and write it */
817 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
818 	cip->bfree = fs->lfs_bfree;
819 	cip->avail = fs->lfs_avail;
820 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
821 	if (!Nflag)
822 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
823 
824 	/*
825 	 * Finally write out superblocks.
826 	 */
827 	printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
828 	curw = 0;
829 	for (i = 0; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
830 		seg_addr = fs->lfs_sboffs[i];
831 		if (seg_addr == 0)
832 			break;
833 
834 		if (i != 0)
835 			curw += printf(", ");
836 		ww = snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%lld",
837 		    (long long)fsbtodb(fs, seg_addr));
838 		curw += ww;
839 		if (curw >= 78) {
840 			printf("\n%s", tbuf);
841 			curw = ww;
842 		} else
843 			printf("%s", tbuf);
844 		fflush(stdout);
845 
846 		/* Leave the time stamp on the alt sb, zero the rest */
847 		if (i == 2) {
848 			fs->lfs_tstamp = 0;
849 			fs->lfs_cksum = lfs_sb_cksum(&(fs->lfs_dlfs));
850 		}
851 		if (!Nflag)
852 			lfs_writesuper(fs, seg_addr);
853 	}
854 	printf(".\n");
855 
856 	return 0;
857 }
858 
859 /*
860  * Compatibility with fsck_lfs, since the "generic" LFS userland code uses it.
861  */
862 void
863 pwarn(const char *fmt, ...)
864 {
865         va_list ap;
866 
867         va_start(ap, fmt);
868         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
869         va_end(ap);
870 }
871