xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs_lfs/make_lfs.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.11 2007/10/08 21:42:33 ad Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Konrad E. Schroder <perseant@hhhh.org>.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *	This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
21  *	Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
23  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
24  *    from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
27  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
28  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
29  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
30  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
31  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
32  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
33  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
34  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
35  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
36  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 /*-
39  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
40  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44  * are met:
45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
51  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
52  *    without specific prior written permission.
53  *
54  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
55  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
56  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
57  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
58  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
59  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
60  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
61  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
62  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
63  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
64  * SUCH DAMAGE.
65  */
66 
67 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
68 #ifndef lint
69 #if 0
70 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)lfs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/24/95";
71 #else
72 __RCSID("$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.11 2007/10/08 21:42:33 ad Exp $");
73 #endif
74 #endif /* not lint */
75 
76 #include <sys/param.h>
77 #include <sys/disk.h>
78 #include <sys/time.h>
79 #include <sys/mount.h>
80 #include <sys/stat.h>
81 
82 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
83 #include <ufs/ufs/quota.h>
84 #include <ufs/ufs/inode.h>
85 
86 /* Override certain things to make <ufs/lfs/lfs.h> work */
87 # undef simple_lock
88 # define simple_lock(x)
89 # undef simple_unlock
90 # define simple_unlock(x)
91 # define vnode uvnode
92 # define buf ubuf
93 # define panic call_panic
94 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
95 
96 #include <err.h>
97 #include <errno.h>
98 #include <stdio.h>
99 #include <stdlib.h>
100 #include <string.h>
101 #include <time.h>
102 #include <unistd.h>
103 
104 #include "config.h"
105 #include "extern.h"
106 
107 #include "bufcache.h"
108 #include "vnode.h"
109 #include "lfs_user.h"
110 #include "segwrite.h"
111 
112 extern int Nflag; /* Don't write anything */
113 ufs_daddr_t ifibc; /* How many indirect blocks */
114 
115 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
116 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO LOSTFOUNDINO
117 #else
118 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO ROOTINO
119 #endif
120 
121 static struct lfs lfs_default =  {
122 	.lfs_dlfs = { /* lfs_dlfs */
123 		/* dlfs_magic */	LFS_MAGIC,
124 		/* dlfs_version */	LFS_VERSION,
125 		/* dlfs_size */		0,
126 		/* dlfs_ssize */	DFL_LFSSEG,
127 		/* dlfs_dsize */	0,
128 		/* dlfs_bsize */	DFL_LFSBLOCK,
129 		/* dlfs_fsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
130 		/* dlfs_frag */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/DFL_LFSFRAG,
131 		/* dlfs_freehd */	HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1,
132 		/* dlfs_bfree */	0,
133 		/* dlfs_nfiles */	0,
134 		/* dlfs_avail */	0,
135 		/* dlfs_uinodes */	0,
136 		/* dlfs_idaddr */	0,
137 		/* dlfs_ifile */	LFS_IFILE_INUM,
138 		/* dlfs_lastseg */	0,
139 		/* dlfs_nextseg */	0,
140 		/* dlfs_curseg */	0,
141 		/* dlfs_offset */	0,
142 		/* dlfs_lastpseg */	0,
143 		/* dlfs_inopf */	0,
144 		/* dlfs_minfree */	MINFREE,
145 		/* dlfs_maxfilesize */	0,
146 		/* dlfs_fsbpseg */	0,
147 		/* dlfs_inopb */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode),
148 		/* dlfs_ifpb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(IFILE),
149 		/* dlfs_sepb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(SEGUSE),
150 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
151 		/* dlfs_nindir */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(int32_t),
152 		/* dlfs_nseg */		0,
153 		/* dlfs_nspf */		0,
154 		/* dlfs_cleansz */	0,
155 		/* dlfs_segtabsz */	0,
156 		/* dlfs_segmask */	DFL_LFSSEG_MASK,
157 		/* dlfs_segshift */	DFL_LFSSEG_SHIFT,
158 		/* dlfs_bshift */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_SHIFT,
159 		/* dlfs_ffshift */	DFL_LFS_FFSHIFT,
160 		/* dlfs_fbshift */	DFL_LFS_FBSHIFT,
161 		/* dlfs_bmask */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_MASK,
162 		/* dlfs_ffmask */	DFL_LFS_FFMASK,
163 		/* dlfs_fbmask */	DFL_LFS_FBMASK,
164 		/* dlfs_blktodb */	0,
165 		/* dlfs_sushift */	0,
166 		/* dlfs_maxsymlinklen */	MAXSYMLINKLEN_UFS1,
167 		/* dlfs_sboffs */	{ 0 },
168 		/* dlfs_nclean */       0,
169 		/* dlfs_fsmnt */        { 0 },
170 		/* dlfs_pflags */       LFS_PF_CLEAN,
171 		/* dlfs_dmeta */	0,
172 		/* dlfs_minfreeseg */   0,
173 		/* dlfs_sumsize */	0,
174 		/* dlfs_serial */	0,
175 		/* dlfs_ibsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
176 		/* dlfs_start */	0,
177 		/* dlfs_tstamp */       0,
178 		/* dlfs_inodefmt */     LFS_44INODEFMT,
179 		/* dlfs_interleave */   0,
180 		/* dlfs_ident */        0,
181 		/* dlfs_fsbtodb */      0,
182 		/* dlfs_resvseg */      0,
183 
184 		/* dlfs_pad */ 		{ 0 },
185 		/* dlfs_cksum */	0
186 	},
187 };
188 
189 #define	UMASK	0755
190 
191 struct direct lfs_root_dir[] = {
192 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "."},
193 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".."},
194 	/* { LFS_IFILE_INUM, sizeof(struct direct), DT_REG, 5, "ifile"}, */
195 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
196 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found"},
197 #endif
198 };
199 
200 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
201 struct direct lfs_lf_dir[] = {
202         { LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
203         { ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
204 };
205 #endif
206 
207 void pwarn(const char *, ...);
208 static void make_dinode(ino_t, struct ufs1_dinode *, int, struct lfs *);
209 static void make_dir( void *, struct direct *, int);
210 static uint64_t maxfilesize(int);
211 
212 /*
213  * calculate the maximum file size allowed with the specified block shift.
214  */
215 static uint64_t
216 maxfilesize(int bshift)
217 {
218 	uint64_t nptr; /* number of block pointers per block */
219 	uint64_t maxblock;
220 
221 	nptr = (1 << bshift) / sizeof(uint32_t);
222 	maxblock = NDADDR + nptr + nptr * nptr + nptr * nptr * nptr;
223 
224 	return maxblock << bshift;
225 }
226 
227 /*
228  * Create the root directory for this file system and the lost+found
229  * directory.
230  */
231 static void
232 make_dinode(ino_t ino, struct ufs1_dinode *dip, int nfrags, struct lfs *fs)
233 {
234 	int fsb_per_blk, i;
235 	int nblocks, bb, base, factor, lvl;
236 
237 	nblocks = howmany(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
238 	if(nblocks >= NDADDR)
239 		nfrags = roundup(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
240 
241 	dip->di_nlink = 1;
242 	dip->di_blocks = fragstofsb(fs, nfrags);
243 
244 	dip->di_size = (nfrags << fs->lfs_ffshift);
245 	dip->di_atime = dip->di_mtime = dip->di_ctime = fs->lfs_tstamp;
246 	dip->di_atimensec = dip->di_mtimensec = dip->di_ctimensec = 0;
247 	dip->di_inumber = ino;
248 	dip->di_gen = 1;
249 
250 	fsb_per_blk = fragstofsb(fs, blkstofrags(fs, 1));
251 
252 	if (NDADDR < nblocks) {
253 		/* Count up how many indirect blocks we need, recursively */
254 		/* XXX We are only called with nblocks > 1 for Ifile */
255 		bb = nblocks - NDADDR;
256 		while (bb > 0) {
257 			bb = howmany(bb, NINDIR(fs));
258 			ifibc += bb;
259 			--bb;
260 		}
261 		dip->di_blocks += fragstofsb(fs, blkstofrags(fs, ifibc));
262 	}
263 
264 	/* Assign the block addresses for the ifile */
265 	for (i = 0; i < MIN(nblocks,NDADDR); i++) {
266 		dip->di_db[i] = 0x0;
267 	}
268 	if(nblocks > NDADDR) {
269 		dip->di_ib[0] = 0x0;
270 		bb = howmany(nblocks - NDADDR, NINDIR(fs)) - 1;
271 		factor = NINDIR(fs);
272 		base = -NDADDR - factor;
273 		lvl = 1;
274 		while (bb > 0) {
275 			dip->di_ib[lvl] = 0x0;
276 			bb = howmany(bb, NINDIR(fs));
277 			--bb;
278 			factor *= NINDIR(fs);
279 			base -= factor;
280 			++lvl;
281 		}
282 	}
283 }
284 
285 /*
286  * Construct a set of directory entries in "bufp".  We assume that all the
287  * entries in protodir fir in the first DIRBLKSIZ.
288  */
289 static void
290 make_dir(void *bufp, struct direct *protodir, int entries)
291 {
292 	char *cp;
293 	int i, spcleft;
294 
295 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
296 	for (cp = bufp, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
297 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0);
298 		memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
299 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
300 		if ((spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen) < 0)
301 			fatal("%s: %s", special, "directory too big");
302 	}
303 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
304 	memmove(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0));
305 }
306 
307 int
308 make_lfs(int devfd, uint secsize, struct dkwedge_info *dkw, int minfree,
309 	 int block_size, int frag_size, int seg_size, int minfreeseg,
310 	 int resvseg, int version, daddr_t start, int ibsize, int interleave,
311 	 u_int32_t roll_id)
312 {
313 	struct ufs1_dinode *dip;	/* Pointer to a disk inode */
314 	CLEANERINFO *cip;	/* Segment cleaner information table */
315 	IFILE *ip;		/* Pointer to array of ifile structures */
316 	IFILE_V1 *ip_v1 = NULL;
317 	struct lfs *fs;		/* Superblock */
318 	SEGUSE *segp;		/* Segment usage table */
319 	daddr_t	sb_addr;	/* Address of superblocks */
320 	daddr_t	seg_addr;	/* Address of current segment */
321 	int bsize;		/* Block size */
322 	int fsize;		/* Fragment size */
323 	int db_per_blk;		/* Disk blocks per file block */
324 	int i, j;
325 	int sb_interval;	/* number of segs between super blocks */
326 	int ssize;		/* Segment size */
327 	double fssize;
328 	int warned_segtoobig=0;
329 	int label_fsb, sb_fsb;
330 	int curw, ww;
331 	char tbuf[BUFSIZ];
332 	struct ubuf *bp;
333 	struct uvnode *vp, *save_devvp;
334 	int bb, ubb, dmeta, labelskew;
335 	u_int64_t tsepb, tnseg;
336 
337 	/*
338 	 * Initialize buffer cache.  Use a ballpark guess of the length of
339 	 * the segment table for the number of hash chains.
340 	 */
341 	tnseg = dkw->dkw_size / ((seg_size ? seg_size : DFL_LFSSEG) / secsize);
342 	tsepb = (block_size ? block_size : DFL_LFSBLOCK) / sizeof(SEGSUM);
343 	if (tnseg == 0)
344 		fatal("zero size partition");
345 	bufinit(tnseg / tsepb);
346 
347 	/* Initialize LFS subsystem with blank superblock and ifile. */
348 	fs = lfs_init(devfd, start, (ufs_daddr_t)0, 1, 1/* XXX debug*/);
349 	save_devvp = fs->lfs_devvp;
350 	vp = fs->lfs_ivnode;
351 	*fs = lfs_default;
352 	fs->lfs_ivnode = vp;
353 	fs->lfs_devvp = save_devvp;
354 
355 
356 	/* Set version first of all since it is used to compute other fields */
357 	fs->lfs_version = version;
358 
359 	/* If partition is not an LFS partition, warn that that is the case */
360 	if (strcmp(dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS) != 0) {
361 		fatal("partition label indicated fs type \"%s\", "
362 		    "expected \"%s\"", dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS);
363 	}
364 
365 	if (!(bsize = block_size))
366 		bsize = DFL_LFSBLOCK;
367 	if (!(fsize = frag_size))
368 		fsize = DFL_LFSFRAG;
369 	if (!(ssize = seg_size)) {
370 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
371 	}
372 	if (version > 1) {
373 		if (ibsize == 0)
374 			ibsize = fsize;
375 		if (ibsize <= 0 || ibsize % fsize)
376 			fatal("illegal inode block size: %d\n", ibsize);
377 	} else if (ibsize && ibsize != bsize)
378 		fatal("cannot specify inode block size when version == 1\n");
379 
380 	/* Sanity check: fsize<=bsize<ssize */
381 	if (fsize > bsize) {
382 		/* Only complain if fsize was explicitly set */
383 		if(frag_size)
384 			fatal("fragment size must be <= block size %d", bsize);
385 		fsize = bsize;
386 	}
387 	if (bsize >= ssize) {
388 		/* Only fatal if ssize was explicitly set */
389 		if(seg_size)
390 			fatal("block size must be < segment size");
391 		warnx("%s: disklabel segment size (%d) too small, using default (%d)",
392 		      progname, ssize, DFL_LFSSEG);
393 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
394 	}
395 	if (start < 0 || start >= dkw->dkw_size)
396 		fatal("filesystem offset %ld out of range", (long)start);
397 	if (version == 1) {
398 		if (start)
399 			warnx("filesystem offset ignored for version 1 filesystem");
400 		start = LFS_LABELPAD / secsize;
401 	}
402 
403     tryagain:
404 	/* Modify parts of superblock overridden by command line arguments */
405 	if (bsize != DFL_LFSBLOCK || fsize != DFL_LFSFRAG) {
406 		fs->lfs_bshift = lfs_log2(bsize);
407 		if (1 << fs->lfs_bshift != bsize)
408 			fatal("%d: block size not a power of 2", bsize);
409 		fs->lfs_bsize = bsize;
410 		fs->lfs_fsize = fsize;
411 		fs->lfs_bmask = bsize - 1;
412 		fs->lfs_ffmask = fsize - 1;
413 		fs->lfs_ffshift = lfs_log2(fsize);
414 		if (1 << fs->lfs_ffshift != fsize)
415 			fatal("%d: frag size not a power of 2", fsize);
416 		fs->lfs_frag = numfrags(fs, bsize);
417 		fs->lfs_fbmask = fs->lfs_frag - 1;
418 		fs->lfs_fbshift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_frag);
419 		fs->lfs_ifpb = bsize / sizeof(IFILE);
420 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
421 		fs->lfs_nindir = bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
422 	}
423 
424 	if (fs->lfs_version == 1) {
425 		fs->lfs_sumsize = LFS_V1_SUMMARY_SIZE;
426 		fs->lfs_segshift = lfs_log2(ssize);
427 		if (1 << fs->lfs_segshift != ssize)
428 			fatal("%d: segment size not power of 2", ssize);
429 		fs->lfs_segmask = ssize - 1;
430 		fs->lfs_ifpb = fs->lfs_bsize / sizeof(IFILE_V1);
431 		fs->lfs_ibsize = fs->lfs_bsize;
432 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE_V1);
433 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize >> fs->lfs_bshift;
434 	} else {
435 		if (ssize % fsize) {
436 			fprintf(stderr,
437 				"Segment size %d is not a multiple of frag size; ",
438 				 ssize);
439 			ssize = roundup(ssize, fsize);
440 			fprintf(stderr, "trying size %d.\n", ssize);
441 			goto tryagain;
442 		}
443 		fs->lfs_sumsize = fsize;
444 		fs->lfs_segshift = 0;
445 		fs->lfs_segmask = 0;
446 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE);
447 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize;
448 		fs->lfs_ibsize = ibsize;
449 	}
450 	fs->lfs_inopb = fs->lfs_ibsize / sizeof(struct ufs1_dinode);
451 	fs->lfs_minfree = minfree;
452 
453 	if (version > 1) {
454 		fs->lfs_inopf = secsize/DINODE1_SIZE;
455 		fs->lfs_interleave = interleave;
456 		if (roll_id == 0)
457 			roll_id = arc4random();
458 		fs->lfs_ident = roll_id;
459 	}
460 
461 	/*
462 	 * Fill in parts of superblock that can be computed from file system
463 	 * size, disk geometry and current time.
464 	 */
465 	db_per_blk = bsize/secsize;
466 	fs->lfs_blktodb = lfs_log2(db_per_blk);
467 	fs->lfs_fsbtodb = lfs_log2(fsize / secsize);
468 	if (version == 1) {
469 		fs->lfs_sushift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_sepb);
470 		fs->lfs_fsbtodb = 0;
471 		fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_blktodb;
472 	}
473 	label_fsb = btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_LABELPAD, fsize));
474 	sb_fsb = btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_SBPAD, fsize));
475 	fs->lfs_fsbpseg = dbtofsb(fs, ssize / secsize);
476 	fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_fsbtodb;
477 	fs->lfs_dsize = dbtofsb(fs, dkw->dkw_size) -
478 		MAX(label_fsb, dbtofsb(fs, start));
479 	fs->lfs_nseg = fs->lfs_dsize / segtod(fs, 1);
480 
481 	fs->lfs_nclean = fs->lfs_nseg - 1;
482 	fs->lfs_maxfilesize = maxfilesize(fs->lfs_bshift);
483 
484 	if (minfreeseg == 0)
485 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = fs->lfs_nseg / DFL_MIN_FREE_SEGS;
486 	else
487 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = minfreeseg;
488 	if (fs->lfs_minfreeseg < MIN_FREE_SEGS)
489 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = MIN_FREE_SEGS;
490 
491 	if (resvseg == 0)
492 		fs->lfs_resvseg = fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2 + 1;
493 	else
494 		fs->lfs_resvseg = resvseg;
495 	if (fs->lfs_resvseg < MIN_RESV_SEGS)
496 		fs->lfs_resvseg = MIN_RESV_SEGS;
497 
498 	if(fs->lfs_nseg < fs->lfs_minfreeseg + 1
499 	   || fs->lfs_nseg < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL + 1)
500 	{
501 		if(seg_size == 0 && ssize > (bsize<<1)) {
502 			if(!warned_segtoobig) {
503 				fprintf(stderr,"Segment size %d is too large; "
504 					"trying smaller sizes.\n", ssize);
505 				if (ssize == (bsize << 16)) {
506 					fprintf(stderr, "(Did you perhaps "
507 						"accidentally leave \"16\" "
508 						"in the disklabel's sgs "
509 						"field?)\n");
510 				}
511 			}
512 			++warned_segtoobig;
513 			ssize >>= 1;
514 			goto tryagain;
515 		}
516 		fatal("Could not allocate enough segments with segment "
517 			"size %d and block size %d;\nplease decrease the "
518 			"segment size.\n", ssize, fs->lfs_bsize);
519 	}
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * Now that we've determined what we're going to do, announce it
523 	 * to the user.
524 	 */
525         printf("Creating a version %d LFS", fs->lfs_version);
526         if (fs->lfs_version > 1)
527                 printf(" with roll-forward ident 0x%x", fs->lfs_ident);
528         printf("\n");
529         fssize = (double)fs->lfs_nseg;
530         fssize *= (double)ssize;
531         fssize /= 1048576.0;
532         printf("%.1fMB in %d segments of size %d\n", fssize,
533                fs->lfs_nseg, ssize);
534 
535 	/*
536 	 * The number of free blocks is set from the number of segments
537 	 * times the segment size - lfs_minfreesegs (that we never write
538 	 * because we need to make sure the cleaner can run).  Then
539 	 * we'll subtract off the room for the superblocks ifile entries
540 	 * and segment usage table, and half a block per segment that can't
541 	 * be written due to fragmentation.
542 	 */
543 	fs->lfs_dsize = (fs->lfs_nseg - fs->lfs_minfreeseg) *
544 		segtod(fs, 1);
545 	fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize;
546 	fs->lfs_bfree -= dbtofsb(fs, ((fs->lfs_nseg / 2) <<
547 		fs->lfs_blktodb));
548 
549 	fs->lfs_segtabsz = SEGTABSIZE_SU(fs);
550 	fs->lfs_cleansz = CLEANSIZE_SU(fs);
551 	if ((fs->lfs_tstamp = time(NULL)) == -1)
552 		fatal("time: %s", strerror(errno));
553 	if (version == 1)
554 		fs->lfs_otstamp = fs->lfs_tstamp;
555 
556 	if ((sb_interval = fs->lfs_nseg / LFS_MAXNUMSB) < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL)
557 		sb_interval = LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL;
558 
559 	/*
560 	 * Figure out where the superblocks are going to live.
561 	 *
562 	 * Make segment 0 start at either zero, or LFS_LABELPAD, or
563 	 * >= LFS_SBPAD+LFS_LABELPAD, in order to prevent segment 0
564 	 * from having half a superblock in it.
565 	 */
566 	if (fsbtodb(fs, dbtofsb(fs, start)) != start)
567 		fatal("Segment 0 offset is not multiple of frag size\n");
568 	if (start != 0 && dbtob(start) != LFS_LABELPAD &&
569 	    dbtob(start) < LFS_SBPAD + LFS_LABELPAD) {
570 		fatal("Using flags \"-O %" PRId64 "\" would result in the "
571 		      "first segment containing only\npart of a superblock.  "
572 		      "Please choose an offset of 0, %d, or %d or more,\n",
573 		      start, btodb(LFS_LABELPAD),
574 		      btodb(LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD));
575 	}
576 	fs->lfs_sboffs[0] = label_fsb;
577 	if (version == 1)
578 		fs->lfs_start = fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
579 	else
580 		fs->lfs_start = dbtofsb(fs, start);
581         fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
582 	for (i = 1; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
583 		sb_addr = ((i * sb_interval) * segtod(fs, 1))
584 		    + fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
585 		/* Segment 0 eats the label, except for version 1 */
586 		if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < label_fsb)
587 			sb_addr -= label_fsb - start;
588 		if (sb_addr + sizeof(struct dlfs)
589 		    >= dbtofsb(fs, dkw->dkw_size))
590 			break;
591 		fs->lfs_sboffs[i] = sb_addr;
592 		fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
593 	}
594 
595 	/* We need >= 2 superblocks */
596 	if(fs->lfs_sboffs[1] == 0x0) {
597 		fatal("Could not assign a disk address for the second "
598 		      "superblock.\nPlease decrease the segment size.\n");
599 	}
600 
601 	fs->lfs_lastseg = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 2);
602 	fs->lfs_curseg = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 1);
603 	fs->lfs_offset = sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg);
604 	fs->lfs_nextseg = sntod(fs, 0);
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * Initialize the Ifile inode.  Do this before we do anything
608 	 * with the Ifile or segment tables.
609 	 */
610 	dip = VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_din.ffs1_din = (struct ufs1_dinode *)
611 		malloc(sizeof(*dip));
612 	if (dip == NULL)
613 		err(1, NULL);
614 	memset(dip, 0, sizeof(*dip));
615 	dip->di_mode  = IFREG|IREAD|IWRITE;
616 	dip->di_flags = SF_IMMUTABLE;
617 	make_dinode(LFS_IFILE_INUM, dip,
618 		blkstofrags(fs, fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1), fs);
619 	dip->di_size = (fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1) << fs->lfs_bshift;
620 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < (dip->di_size >> fs->lfs_bshift); i++)
621 		VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * Set up in-superblock segment usage cache
625 	 */
626  	fs->lfs_suflags = (u_int32_t **) malloc(2 * sizeof(u_int32_t *));
627 	if (fs->lfs_suflags == NULL)
628 		err(1, NULL);
629 	fs->lfs_suflags[0] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
630 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[0] == NULL)
631 		err(1, NULL);
632 	fs->lfs_suflags[1] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
633 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[1] == NULL)
634 		err(1, NULL);
635 
636 	/*
637 	 * Initialize the cleanerinfo block
638 	 */
639 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
640 	cip->clean = fs->lfs_nseg;
641 	cip->dirty = 0;
642 	if (version > 1) {
643 		cip->free_head = HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1;
644 		cip->free_tail = fs->lfs_ifpb - 1;
645 	}
646 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
647 
648 	/*
649 	 * Run through segment table and initialize that
650 	 */
651 	for (i = j = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
652 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
653 
654 		if (i == 0 &&
655 		    fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD)) {
656 			segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
657 			fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
658 			++j;
659 		}
660 		if (i > 0) {
661 			if ((i % sb_interval) == 0 && j < LFS_MAXNUMSB) {
662 				segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
663 				fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
664 				++j;
665 			} else
666 				segp->su_flags = 0;
667 		}
668 		segp->su_lastmod = 0;
669 		segp->su_nbytes = 0;
670 		segp->su_ninos = 0;
671 		segp->su_nsums = 0;
672 
673 		LFS_WRITESEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
674 	}
675 
676 	/* Initialize root directory */
677 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, ROOTINO, devfd, 0x0);
678 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
679 	make_dinode(ROOTINO, dip, howmany(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
680 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
681 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
682 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
683         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 3;
684 #else
685         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
686 #endif
687         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
688 		btofsb(fs, roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
689 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < howmany(DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
690 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
691 	if (DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
692 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
693 			roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
694 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, &bp);
695 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_root_dir,
696 		 sizeof(lfs_root_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
697 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
698 
699 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
700 	/* Initialize lost+found directory */
701 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, LOSTFOUNDINO, devfd, 0x0);
702 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
703 	make_dinode(LOSTFOUNDINO, dip, howmany(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
704 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
705 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
706         VTOI(vp)->i_ffs_effnlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
707         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
708 		btofsb(fs, roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
709 	for (i = 0; i < NDADDR && i < howmany(DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
710 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
711 	if (DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
712 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
713 			roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
714 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, &bp);
715 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_lf_dir,
716 		 sizeof(lfs_lf_dir) / sizeof(struct direct));
717 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
718 #endif /* MAKE_LF_DIR */
719 
720 	/* Set their IFILE entry version numbers to 1 */
721 	LFS_IENTRY(ip, fs, 1, bp);
722 	if (version == 1) {
723 		ip_v1 = (IFILE_V1 *)ip;
724 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
725 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
726 			ip_v1->if_daddr = 0x0;
727 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = 0;
728 			++ip_v1;
729 		}
730 	} else {
731 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
732 			ip->if_version = 1;
733 			ip->if_daddr = 0x0;
734 			ip->if_nextfree = 0;
735 			++ip;
736 		}
737 	}
738 	/* Link remaining IFILE entries in free list */
739 	if (version == 1) {
740 		for (;
741 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip_v1) {
742 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
743 			ip_v1->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
744 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = ++i;
745 		}
746 		--ip_v1;
747 		ip_v1->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
748 	} else {
749 		for (;
750 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip) {
751 			ip->if_version = 1;
752 			ip->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
753 			ip->if_nextfree = ++i;
754 		}
755 		--ip;
756 		ip->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
757 	}
758 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
759 
760 	/* Write it all to disk. */
761 	if (!Nflag)
762 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
763 
764 	/*
765 	 * Now that we've written everything, look to see what's available
766 	 * for writing.
767 	 */
768 	fs->lfs_avail = 0;
769 	bb = ubb = dmeta = 0;
770 	for (i = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
771 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
772                 if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_DIRTY) {
773                         bb += btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
774                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize);
775                         ubb += btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
776                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize +
777                             segp->su_ninos * fs->lfs_ibsize);
778                         dmeta += btofsb(fs,
779                             fs->lfs_sumsize * segp->su_nsums);
780                         dmeta += btofsb(fs,
781                             fs->lfs_ibsize * segp->su_ninos);
782 		} else {
783                         fs->lfs_avail += segtod(fs, 1);
784                         if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK)
785                                 fs->lfs_avail -= btofsb(fs, LFS_SBPAD);
786                         if (i == 0 && fs->lfs_version > 1 &&
787                             fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
788                                 fs->lfs_avail -= btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD) -
789                                     fs->lfs_start;
790                 }
791 		brelse(bp, 0);
792         }
793         /* Also may be available bytes in current seg */
794         i = dtosn(fs, fs->lfs_offset);
795         fs->lfs_avail += sntod(fs, i + 1) - fs->lfs_offset;
796         /* But do not count minfreesegs */
797         fs->lfs_avail -= segtod(fs, (fs->lfs_minfreeseg - (fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2)));
798 
799         labelskew = 0;
800         if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
801                 labelskew = btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD);
802         fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize - labelskew - (ubb + bb) / 2;
803 
804 	/* Put that in the Ifile version too, and write it */
805 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
806 	cip->bfree = fs->lfs_bfree;
807 	cip->avail = fs->lfs_avail;
808 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
809 	if (!Nflag)
810 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
811 
812 	/*
813 	 * Finally write out superblocks.
814 	 */
815 	printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
816 	curw = 0;
817 	for (i = 0; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
818 		seg_addr = fs->lfs_sboffs[i];
819 		if (seg_addr == 0)
820 			break;
821 
822 		if (i != 0)
823 			curw += printf(", ");
824 		ww = snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%lld",
825 		    (long long)fsbtodb(fs, seg_addr));
826 		curw += ww;
827 		if (curw >= 78) {
828 			printf("\n%s", tbuf);
829 			curw = ww;
830 		} else
831 			printf("%s", tbuf);
832 		fflush(stdout);
833 
834 		/* Leave the time stamp on the alt sb, zero the rest */
835 		if (i == 2) {
836 			fs->lfs_tstamp = 0;
837 			fs->lfs_cksum = lfs_sb_cksum(&(fs->lfs_dlfs));
838 		}
839 		if (!Nflag)
840 			lfs_writesuper(fs, seg_addr);
841 	}
842 	printf(".\n");
843 
844 	return 0;
845 }
846 
847 /*
848  * Compatibility with fsck_lfs, since the "generic" LFS userland code uses it.
849  */
850 void
851 pwarn(const char *fmt, ...)
852 {
853         va_list ap;
854 
855         va_start(ap, fmt);
856         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
857         va_end(ap);
858 }
859