xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs_lfs/make_lfs.c (revision 6a493d6bc668897c91594964a732d38505b70cbb)
1 /*	$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.29 2013/10/19 01:09:59 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Konrad E. Schroder <perseant@hhhh.org>.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 /*-
32  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
33  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
34  *
35  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
36  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
37  * are met:
38  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
39  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
40  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
41  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
42  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
43  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
44  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
45  *    without specific prior written permission.
46  *
47  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
48  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
49  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
50  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
51  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
52  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
53  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
54  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
55  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
56  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
57  * SUCH DAMAGE.
58  */
59 
60 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
61 #ifndef lint
62 #if 0
63 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)lfs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/24/95";
64 #else
65 __RCSID("$NetBSD: make_lfs.c,v 1.29 2013/10/19 01:09:59 christos Exp $");
66 #endif
67 #endif /* not lint */
68 
69 #include <sys/param.h>
70 #include <sys/disk.h>
71 #include <sys/time.h>
72 #include <sys/mount.h>
73 #include <sys/stat.h>
74 
75 /* Override certain things to make <ufs/lfs/lfs.h> work */
76 # undef simple_lock
77 # define simple_lock(x)
78 # undef simple_unlock
79 # define simple_unlock(x)
80 # define vnode uvnode
81 # define buf ubuf
82 # define panic call_panic
83 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
84 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs_inode.h>
85 
86 #include <err.h>
87 #include <errno.h>
88 #include <stdio.h>
89 #include <stdlib.h>
90 #include <string.h>
91 #include <time.h>
92 #include <unistd.h>
93 
94 #include "config.h"
95 #include "extern.h"
96 
97 #include "bufcache.h"
98 #include "vnode.h"
99 #include "lfs_user.h"
100 #include "segwrite.h"
101 
102 extern int Nflag; /* Don't write anything */
103 ulfs_daddr_t ifibc; /* How many indirect blocks */
104 
105 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
106 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO LOSTFOUNDINO
107 #else
108 # define HIGHEST_USED_INO ULFS_ROOTINO
109 #endif
110 
111 static struct lfs lfs_default =  {
112 	.lfs_dlfs = { /* lfs_dlfs */
113 		/* dlfs_magic */	LFS_MAGIC,
114 		/* dlfs_version */	LFS_VERSION,
115 		/* dlfs_size */		0,
116 		/* dlfs_ssize */	DFL_LFSSEG,
117 		/* dlfs_dsize */	0,
118 		/* dlfs_bsize */	DFL_LFSBLOCK,
119 		/* dlfs_fsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
120 		/* dlfs_frag */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/DFL_LFSFRAG,
121 		/* dlfs_freehd */	HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1,
122 		/* dlfs_bfree */	0,
123 		/* dlfs_nfiles */	0,
124 		/* dlfs_avail */	0,
125 		/* dlfs_uinodes */	0,
126 		/* dlfs_idaddr */	0,
127 		/* dlfs_ifile */	LFS_IFILE_INUM,
128 		/* dlfs_lastseg */	0,
129 		/* dlfs_nextseg */	0,
130 		/* dlfs_curseg */	0,
131 		/* dlfs_offset */	0,
132 		/* dlfs_lastpseg */	0,
133 		/* dlfs_inopf */	0,
134 		/* dlfs_minfree */	MINFREE,
135 		/* dlfs_maxfilesize */	0,
136 		/* dlfs_fsbpseg */	0,
137 		/* dlfs_inopb */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(struct ulfs1_dinode),
138 		/* dlfs_ifpb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(IFILE),
139 		/* dlfs_sepb */		DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(SEGUSE),
140 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
141 		/* dlfs_nindir */	DFL_LFSBLOCK/sizeof(int32_t),
142 		/* dlfs_nseg */		0,
143 		/* dlfs_nspf */		0,
144 		/* dlfs_cleansz */	0,
145 		/* dlfs_segtabsz */	0,
146 		/* dlfs_segmask */	DFL_LFSSEG_MASK,
147 		/* dlfs_segshift */	DFL_LFSSEG_SHIFT,
148 		/* dlfs_bshift */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_SHIFT,
149 		/* dlfs_ffshift */	DFL_LFS_FFSHIFT,
150 		/* dlfs_fbshift */	DFL_LFS_FBSHIFT,
151 		/* dlfs_bmask */	DFL_LFSBLOCK_MASK,
152 		/* dlfs_ffmask */	DFL_LFS_FFMASK,
153 		/* dlfs_fbmask */	DFL_LFS_FBMASK,
154 		/* dlfs_blktodb */	0,
155 		/* dlfs_sushift */	0,
156 		/* dlfs_maxsymlinklen */	ULFS1_MAXSYMLINKLEN,
157 		/* dlfs_sboffs */	{ 0 },
158 		/* dlfs_nclean */       0,
159 		/* dlfs_fsmnt */        { 0 },
160 		/* dlfs_pflags */       LFS_PF_CLEAN,
161 		/* dlfs_dmeta */	0,
162 		/* dlfs_minfreeseg */   0,
163 		/* dlfs_sumsize */	0,
164 		/* dlfs_serial */	0,
165 		/* dlfs_ibsize */	DFL_LFSFRAG,
166 		/* dlfs_start */	0,
167 		/* dlfs_tstamp */       0,
168 		/* dlfs_inodefmt */     LFS_44INODEFMT,
169 		/* dlfs_interleave */   0,
170 		/* dlfs_ident */        0,
171 		/* dlfs_fsbtodb */      0,
172 		/* dlfs_resvseg */      0,
173 
174 		/* dlfs_pad */ 		{ 0 },
175 		/* dlfs_cksum */	0
176 	},
177 };
178 
179 #define	UMASK	0755
180 
181 struct lfs_direct lfs_root_dir[] = {
182 	{ ULFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_DIR, 1, "."},
183 	{ ULFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_DIR, 2, ".."},
184 	/* { LFS_IFILE_INUM, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_REG, 5, "ifile"}, */
185 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
186 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found"},
187 #endif
188 };
189 
190 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
191 struct lfs_direct lfs_lf_dir[] = {
192         { LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_DIR, 1, "." },
193         { ULFS_ROOTINO, sizeof(struct lfs_direct), LFS_DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
194 };
195 #endif
196 
197 void pwarn(const char *, ...);
198 static void make_dinode(ino_t, struct ulfs1_dinode *, int, struct lfs *);
199 static void make_dir( void *, struct lfs_direct *, int);
200 static uint64_t maxfilesize(int);
201 
202 /*
203  * calculate the maximum file size allowed with the specified block shift.
204  */
205 static uint64_t
206 maxfilesize(int bshift)
207 {
208 	uint64_t nptr; /* number of block pointers per block */
209 	uint64_t maxblock;
210 
211 	nptr = (1 << bshift) / sizeof(uint32_t);
212 	maxblock = ULFS_NDADDR + nptr + nptr * nptr + nptr * nptr * nptr;
213 
214 	return maxblock << bshift;
215 }
216 
217 /*
218  * Create the root directory for this file system and the lost+found
219  * directory.
220  */
221 static void
222 make_dinode(ino_t ino, struct ulfs1_dinode *dip, int nfrags, struct lfs *fs)
223 {
224 	int i;
225 	int nblocks, bb, base, factor, lvl;
226 
227 	nblocks = howmany(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
228 	if (nblocks >= ULFS_NDADDR)
229 		nfrags = roundup(nfrags, fs->lfs_frag);
230 
231 	dip->di_nlink = 1;
232 	dip->di_blocks = nfrags;
233 
234 	dip->di_size = (nfrags << fs->lfs_ffshift);
235 	dip->di_atime = dip->di_mtime = dip->di_ctime = fs->lfs_tstamp;
236 	dip->di_atimensec = dip->di_mtimensec = dip->di_ctimensec = 0;
237 	dip->di_inumber = ino;
238 	dip->di_gen = 1;
239 
240 	if (ULFS_NDADDR < nblocks) {
241 		/* Count up how many indirect blocks we need, recursively */
242 		/* XXX We are only called with nblocks > 1 for Ifile */
243 		bb = nblocks - ULFS_NDADDR;
244 		while (bb > 0) {
245 			bb = howmany(bb, LFS_NINDIR(fs));
246 			ifibc += bb;
247 			--bb;
248 		}
249 		dip->di_blocks += lfs_blkstofrags(fs, ifibc);
250 	}
251 
252 	/* Assign the block addresses for the ifile */
253 	for (i = 0; i < MIN(nblocks,ULFS_NDADDR); i++) {
254 		dip->di_db[i] = 0x0;
255 	}
256 	if (nblocks > ULFS_NDADDR) {
257 		dip->di_ib[0] = 0x0;
258 		bb = howmany(nblocks - ULFS_NDADDR, LFS_NINDIR(fs)) - 1;
259 		factor = LFS_NINDIR(fs);
260 		base = -ULFS_NDADDR - factor;
261 		lvl = 1;
262 		while (bb > 0) {
263 			dip->di_ib[lvl] = 0x0;
264 			bb = howmany(bb, LFS_NINDIR(fs));
265 			--bb;
266 			factor *= LFS_NINDIR(fs);
267 			base -= factor;
268 			++lvl;
269 		}
270 	}
271 }
272 
273 /*
274  * Construct a set of directory entries in "bufp".  We assume that all the
275  * entries in protodir fir in the first DIRBLKSIZ.
276  */
277 static void
278 make_dir(void *bufp, struct lfs_direct *protodir, int entries)
279 {
280 	char *cp;
281 	int i, spcleft;
282 
283 	spcleft = LFS_DIRBLKSIZ;
284 	for (cp = bufp, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
285 		protodir[i].d_reclen = LFS_DIRSIZ(LFS_NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0);
286 		memmove(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
287 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
288 		if ((spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen) < 0)
289 			fatal("%s: %s", special, "directory too big");
290 	}
291 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
292 	memmove(cp, &protodir[i], LFS_DIRSIZ(LFS_NEWDIRFMT, &protodir[i], 0));
293 }
294 
295 int
296 make_lfs(int devfd, uint secsize, struct dkwedge_info *dkw, int minfree,
297 	 int block_size, int frag_size, int seg_size, int minfreeseg,
298 	 int resvseg, int version, daddr_t start, int ibsize, int interleave,
299 	 u_int32_t roll_id)
300 {
301 	struct ulfs1_dinode *dip;	/* Pointer to a disk inode */
302 	CLEANERINFO *cip;	/* Segment cleaner information table */
303 	IFILE *ip;		/* Pointer to array of ifile structures */
304 	IFILE_V1 *ip_v1 = NULL;
305 	struct lfs *fs;		/* Superblock */
306 	SEGUSE *segp;		/* Segment usage table */
307 	daddr_t	sb_addr;	/* Address of superblocks */
308 	daddr_t	seg_addr;	/* Address of current segment */
309 	int bsize;		/* Block size */
310 	int fsize;		/* Fragment size */
311 	int db_per_blk;		/* Disk blocks per file block */
312 	int i, j;
313 	int sb_interval;	/* number of segs between super blocks */
314 	int ssize;		/* Segment size */
315 	double fssize;
316 	int warned_segtoobig=0;
317 	int label_fsb, sb_fsb;
318 	int curw, ww;
319 	char tbuf[BUFSIZ];
320 	struct ubuf *bp;
321 	struct uvnode *vp, *save_devvp;
322 	int bb, ubb, dmeta, labelskew;
323 	u_int64_t tsepb, tnseg;
324 
325 	/*
326 	 * Initialize buffer cache.  Use a ballpark guess of the length of
327 	 * the segment table for the number of hash chains.
328 	 */
329 	tnseg = dkw->dkw_size / ((seg_size ? seg_size : DFL_LFSSEG) / secsize);
330 	tsepb = (block_size ? block_size : DFL_LFSBLOCK) / sizeof(SEGSUM);
331 	if (tnseg == 0)
332 		fatal("zero size partition");
333 	bufinit(tnseg / tsepb);
334 
335 	/* Initialize LFS subsystem with blank superblock and ifile. */
336 	fs = lfs_init(devfd, start, (ulfs_daddr_t)0, 1, 1/* XXX debug*/);
337 	save_devvp = fs->lfs_devvp;
338 	vp = fs->lfs_ivnode;
339 	*fs = lfs_default;
340 	fs->lfs_ivnode = vp;
341 	fs->lfs_devvp = save_devvp;
342 
343 
344 	/* Set version first of all since it is used to compute other fields */
345 	fs->lfs_version = version;
346 
347 	/* If partition is not an LFS partition, warn that that is the case */
348 	if (strcmp(dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS) != 0) {
349 		fatal("partition label indicated fs type \"%s\", "
350 		    "expected \"%s\"", dkw->dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_LFS);
351 	}
352 
353 	if (!(bsize = block_size)) {
354 		bsize = DFL_LFSBLOCK;
355 		if (dkw->dkw_size <= SMALL_FSSIZE)
356 			bsize = SMALL_LFSBLOCK;
357 	}
358 	if (!(fsize = frag_size)) {
359 		fsize = DFL_LFSFRAG;
360 		if (dkw->dkw_size <= SMALL_FSSIZE)
361 			fsize = SMALL_LFSFRAG;
362 	}
363 	if (!(ssize = seg_size)) {
364 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
365 		if (dkw->dkw_size <= SMALL_FSSIZE)
366 			ssize = SMALL_LFSSEG;
367 	}
368 	if (version > 1) {
369 		if (ibsize == 0)
370 			ibsize = fsize;
371 		if (ibsize <= 0 || ibsize % fsize)
372 			fatal("illegal inode block size: %d\n", ibsize);
373 	} else if (ibsize && ibsize != bsize)
374 		fatal("cannot specify inode block size when version == 1\n");
375 
376 	/* Sanity check: fsize<=bsize<ssize */
377 	if (fsize > bsize) {
378 		/* Only complain if fsize was explicitly set */
379 		if(frag_size)
380 			fatal("fragment size must be <= block size %d", bsize);
381 		fsize = bsize;
382 	}
383 	if (bsize >= ssize) {
384 		/* Only fatal if ssize was explicitly set */
385 		if(seg_size)
386 			fatal("block size must be < segment size");
387 		warnx("%s: disklabel segment size (%d) too small, using default (%d)",
388 		      progname, ssize, DFL_LFSSEG);
389 		ssize = DFL_LFSSEG;
390 	}
391 	if (start < 0 || start >= dkw->dkw_size)
392 		fatal("filesystem offset %ld out of range", (long)start);
393 	if (version == 1) {
394 		if (start)
395 			warnx("filesystem offset ignored for version 1 filesystem");
396 		start = LFS_LABELPAD / secsize;
397 	}
398 
399     tryagain:
400 	/* Modify parts of superblock overridden by command line arguments */
401 	if (bsize != DFL_LFSBLOCK || fsize != DFL_LFSFRAG) {
402 		fs->lfs_bshift = lfs_log2(bsize);
403 		if (1 << fs->lfs_bshift != bsize)
404 			fatal("%d: block size not a power of 2", bsize);
405 		fs->lfs_bsize = bsize;
406 		fs->lfs_fsize = fsize;
407 		fs->lfs_bmask = bsize - 1;
408 		fs->lfs_ffmask = fsize - 1;
409 		fs->lfs_ffshift = lfs_log2(fsize);
410 		if (1 << fs->lfs_ffshift != fsize)
411 			fatal("%d: frag size not a power of 2", fsize);
412 		fs->lfs_frag = lfs_numfrags(fs, bsize);
413 		fs->lfs_fbmask = fs->lfs_frag - 1;
414 		fs->lfs_fbshift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_frag);
415 		fs->lfs_ifpb = bsize / sizeof(IFILE);
416 		/* XXX ondisk32 */
417 		fs->lfs_nindir = bsize / sizeof(int32_t);
418 	}
419 
420 	if (fs->lfs_version == 1) {
421 		fs->lfs_sumsize = LFS_V1_SUMMARY_SIZE;
422 		fs->lfs_segshift = lfs_log2(ssize);
423 		if (1 << fs->lfs_segshift != ssize)
424 			fatal("%d: segment size not power of 2", ssize);
425 		fs->lfs_segmask = ssize - 1;
426 		fs->lfs_ifpb = fs->lfs_bsize / sizeof(IFILE_V1);
427 		fs->lfs_ibsize = fs->lfs_bsize;
428 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE_V1);
429 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize >> fs->lfs_bshift;
430 	} else {
431 		if (ssize % fsize) {
432 			fprintf(stderr,
433 				"Segment size %d is not a multiple of frag size; ",
434 				 ssize);
435 			ssize = roundup(ssize, fsize);
436 			fprintf(stderr, "trying size %d.\n", ssize);
437 			goto tryagain;
438 		}
439 		fs->lfs_sumsize = fsize;
440 		fs->lfs_segshift = 0;
441 		fs->lfs_segmask = 0;
442 		fs->lfs_sepb = bsize / sizeof(SEGUSE);
443 		fs->lfs_ssize = ssize;
444 		fs->lfs_ibsize = ibsize;
445 	}
446 	fs->lfs_inopb = fs->lfs_ibsize / sizeof(struct ulfs1_dinode);
447 	fs->lfs_minfree = minfree;
448 
449 	if (version > 1) {
450 		fs->lfs_inopf = secsize/LFS_DINODE1_SIZE;
451 		fs->lfs_interleave = interleave;
452 		if (roll_id == 0)
453 			roll_id = arc4random();
454 		fs->lfs_ident = roll_id;
455 	}
456 
457 	/*
458 	 * Fill in parts of superblock that can be computed from file system
459 	 * size, disk geometry and current time.
460 	 */
461 	db_per_blk = bsize/secsize;
462 	fs->lfs_blktodb = lfs_log2(db_per_blk);
463 	fs->lfs_fsbtodb = lfs_log2(fsize / secsize);
464 	if (version == 1) {
465 		fs->lfs_sushift = lfs_log2(fs->lfs_sepb);
466 		fs->lfs_fsbtodb = 0;
467 		fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_blktodb;
468 	}
469 	label_fsb = lfs_btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_LABELPAD, fsize));
470 	sb_fsb = lfs_btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_SBPAD, fsize));
471 	fs->lfs_fsbpseg = LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, ssize / secsize);
472 	fs->lfs_size = dkw->dkw_size >> fs->lfs_fsbtodb;
473 	fs->lfs_dsize = LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, dkw->dkw_size) -
474 		MAX(label_fsb, LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, start));
475 	fs->lfs_nseg = fs->lfs_dsize / lfs_segtod(fs, 1);
476 
477 	fs->lfs_nclean = fs->lfs_nseg - 1;
478 	fs->lfs_maxfilesize = maxfilesize(fs->lfs_bshift);
479 
480 	if (minfreeseg == 0)
481 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = fs->lfs_nseg / DFL_MIN_FREE_SEGS;
482 	else
483 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = minfreeseg;
484 	if (fs->lfs_minfreeseg < MIN_FREE_SEGS)
485 		fs->lfs_minfreeseg = MIN_FREE_SEGS;
486 
487 	if (resvseg == 0)
488 		fs->lfs_resvseg = fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2 + 1;
489 	else
490 		fs->lfs_resvseg = resvseg;
491 	if (fs->lfs_resvseg < MIN_RESV_SEGS)
492 		fs->lfs_resvseg = MIN_RESV_SEGS;
493 
494 	if(fs->lfs_nseg < (4 * fs->lfs_minfreeseg)
495 	   || fs->lfs_nseg < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL + 1)
496 	{
497 		if(seg_size == 0 && ssize > (bsize<<1)) {
498 			if(!warned_segtoobig) {
499 				fprintf(stderr,"Segment size %d is too large; "
500 					"trying smaller sizes.\n", ssize);
501 				if (ssize == (bsize << 16)) {
502 					fprintf(stderr, "(Did you perhaps "
503 						"accidentally leave \"16\" "
504 						"in the disklabel's sgs "
505 						"field?)\n");
506 				}
507 			}
508 			++warned_segtoobig;
509 			ssize >>= 1;
510 			goto tryagain;
511 		}
512 		fatal("Could not allocate enough segments with segment "
513 			"size %d and block size %d;\nplease decrease the "
514 			"segment size.\n", ssize, fs->lfs_bsize);
515 	}
516 	if(warned_segtoobig)
517 		fprintf(stderr,"Using segment size %d, block size %d, frag size %d.\n", ssize, bsize, fsize);
518 
519 	/*
520 	 * Now that we've determined what we're going to do, announce it
521 	 * to the user.
522 	 */
523         printf("Creating a version %d LFS", fs->lfs_version);
524         if (fs->lfs_version > 1)
525                 printf(" with roll-forward ident 0x%x", fs->lfs_ident);
526         printf("\n");
527         fssize = (double)fs->lfs_nseg;
528         fssize *= (double)ssize;
529         fssize /= 1048576.0;
530         printf("%.1fMB in %d segments of size %d\n", fssize,
531                fs->lfs_nseg, ssize);
532 
533 	/*
534 	 * The number of free blocks is set from the number of segments
535 	 * times the segment size - lfs_minfreesegs (that we never write
536 	 * because we need to make sure the cleaner can run).  Then
537 	 * we'll subtract off the room for the superblocks ifile entries
538 	 * and segment usage table, and half a block per segment that can't
539 	 * be written due to fragmentation.
540 	 */
541 	fs->lfs_dsize = (fs->lfs_nseg - fs->lfs_minfreeseg) *
542 		lfs_segtod(fs, 1);
543 	fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize;
544 	fs->lfs_bfree -= LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, ((fs->lfs_nseg / 2) <<
545 		fs->lfs_blktodb));
546 
547 	fs->lfs_segtabsz = SEGTABSIZE_SU(fs);
548 	fs->lfs_cleansz = CLEANSIZE_SU(fs);
549 	if ((fs->lfs_tstamp = time(NULL)) == -1)
550 		fatal("time: %s", strerror(errno));
551 	if (version == 1)
552 		fs->lfs_otstamp = fs->lfs_tstamp;
553 
554 	if ((sb_interval = fs->lfs_nseg / LFS_MAXNUMSB) < LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL)
555 		sb_interval = LFS_MIN_SBINTERVAL;
556 
557 	/*
558 	 * Figure out where the superblocks are going to live.
559 	 *
560 	 * Make segment 0 start at either zero, or LFS_LABELPAD, or
561 	 * >= LFS_SBPAD+LFS_LABELPAD, in order to prevent segment 0
562 	 * from having half a superblock in it.
563 	 */
564 	if (LFS_FSBTODB(fs, LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, start)) != start)
565 		fatal("Segment 0 offset is not multiple of frag size\n");
566 	if (start != 0 && dbtob(start) != LFS_LABELPAD &&
567 	    dbtob(start) < LFS_SBPAD + LFS_LABELPAD) {
568 		fatal("Using flags \"-O %" PRId64 "\" would result in the "
569 		      "first segment containing only\npart of a superblock.  "
570 		      "Please choose an offset of 0, %d, or %d or more,\n",
571 		      start, btodb(LFS_LABELPAD),
572 		      btodb(LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD));
573 	}
574 	fs->lfs_sboffs[0] = label_fsb;
575 	if (version == 1)
576 		fs->lfs_start = fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
577 	else
578 		fs->lfs_start = LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, start);
579         fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
580 	for (i = 1; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
581 		sb_addr = ((i * sb_interval) * lfs_segtod(fs, 1))
582 		    + fs->lfs_sboffs[0];
583 		/* Segment 0 eats the label, except for version 1 */
584 		if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < label_fsb)
585 			sb_addr -= label_fsb - start;
586 		if (sb_addr + sizeof(struct dlfs)
587 		    >= LFS_DBTOFSB(fs, dkw->dkw_size))
588 			break;
589 		fs->lfs_sboffs[i] = sb_addr;
590 		fs->lfs_dsize -= sb_fsb;
591 	}
592 
593 	/* We need >= 2 superblocks */
594 	if(fs->lfs_sboffs[1] == 0x0) {
595 		fatal("Could not assign a disk address for the second "
596 		      "superblock.\nPlease decrease the segment size.\n");
597 	}
598 
599 	fs->lfs_lastseg = lfs_sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 2);
600 	fs->lfs_curseg = lfs_sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg - 1);
601 	fs->lfs_offset = lfs_sntod(fs, fs->lfs_nseg);
602 	fs->lfs_nextseg = lfs_sntod(fs, 0);
603 
604 	/*
605 	 * Initialize the Ifile inode.  Do this before we do anything
606 	 * with the Ifile or segment tables.
607 	 */
608 	dip = VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_din.ffs1_din = (struct ulfs1_dinode *)
609 		malloc(sizeof(*dip));
610 	if (dip == NULL)
611 		err(1, NULL);
612 	memset(dip, 0, sizeof(*dip));
613 	dip->di_mode  = LFS_IFREG | 0600;
614 	dip->di_flags = SF_IMMUTABLE;
615 	make_dinode(LFS_IFILE_INUM, dip,
616 		lfs_blkstofrags(fs, fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1), fs);
617 	dip->di_size = (fs->lfs_cleansz + fs->lfs_segtabsz + 1) << fs->lfs_bshift;
618 	for (i = 0; i < ULFS_NDADDR && i < (dip->di_size >> fs->lfs_bshift); i++)
619 		VTOI(fs->lfs_ivnode)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
620 
621 	/*
622 	 * Set up in-superblock segment usage cache
623 	 */
624  	fs->lfs_suflags = (u_int32_t **) malloc(2 * sizeof(u_int32_t *));
625 	if (fs->lfs_suflags == NULL)
626 		err(1, NULL);
627 	fs->lfs_suflags[0] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
628 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[0] == NULL)
629 		err(1, NULL);
630 	fs->lfs_suflags[1] = (u_int32_t *) malloc(fs->lfs_nseg * sizeof(u_int32_t));
631 	if (fs->lfs_suflags[1] == NULL)
632 		err(1, NULL);
633 
634 	/*
635 	 * Initialize the cleanerinfo block
636 	 */
637 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
638 	cip->clean = fs->lfs_nseg;
639 	cip->dirty = 0;
640 	if (version > 1) {
641 		cip->free_head = HIGHEST_USED_INO + 1;
642 		cip->free_tail = fs->lfs_ifpb - 1;
643 	}
644 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
645 
646 	/*
647 	 * Run through segment table and initialize that
648 	 */
649 	for (i = j = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
650 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
651 
652 		if (i == 0 &&
653 		    fs->lfs_start < lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD + LFS_SBPAD)) {
654 			segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
655 			fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
656 			++j;
657 		}
658 		if (i > 0) {
659 			if ((i % sb_interval) == 0 && j < LFS_MAXNUMSB) {
660 				segp->su_flags = SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK;
661 				fs->lfs_bfree -= sb_fsb;
662 				++j;
663 			} else
664 				segp->su_flags = 0;
665 		}
666 		segp->su_lastmod = 0;
667 		segp->su_nbytes = 0;
668 		segp->su_ninos = 0;
669 		segp->su_nsums = 0;
670 
671 		LFS_WRITESEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
672 	}
673 
674 	/* Initialize root directory */
675 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, ULFS_ROOTINO, devfd, 0x0);
676 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
677 	make_dinode(ULFS_ROOTINO, dip, howmany(LFS_DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
678 	dip->di_mode = LFS_IFDIR | UMASK;
679 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = LFS_DIRBLKSIZ;
680 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
681 	VTOI(vp)->i_nlink = dip->di_nlink = 3;
682 #else
683 	VTOI(vp)->i_nlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
684 #endif
685         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
686 		lfs_btofsb(fs, roundup(LFS_DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
687 	for (i = 0; i < ULFS_NDADDR && i < howmany(LFS_DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
688 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
689 	if (LFS_DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
690 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
691 			roundup(LFS_DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
692 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, 0, &bp);
693 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_root_dir,
694 		 sizeof(lfs_root_dir) / sizeof(struct lfs_direct));
695 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
696 
697 #ifdef MAKE_LF_DIR
698 	/* Initialize lost+found directory */
699 	vp = lfs_raw_vget(fs, LOSTFOUNDINO, devfd, 0x0);
700 	dip = VTOI(vp)->i_din.ffs1_din;
701 	make_dinode(LOSTFOUNDINO, dip, howmany(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize), fs);
702 	dip->di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
703 	VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_osize = dip->di_size = DIRBLKSIZ;
704         VTOI(vp)->i_nlink = dip->di_nlink = 2;
705         VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_effnblks = dip->di_blocks =
706 		lfs_btofsb(fs, roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize));
707 	for (i = 0; i < ULFS_NDADDR && i < howmany(DIRBLKSIZ, fs->lfs_bsize); i++)
708 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = fs->lfs_bsize;
709 	if (DIRBLKSIZ < fs->lfs_bsize)
710 		VTOI(vp)->i_lfs_fragsize[i - 1] =
711 			roundup(DIRBLKSIZ,fs->lfs_fsize);
712 	bread(vp, 0, fs->lfs_fsize, NOCRED, 0, &bp);
713 	make_dir(bp->b_data, lfs_lf_dir,
714 		 sizeof(lfs_lf_dir) / sizeof(struct lfs_direct));
715 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
716 #endif /* MAKE_LF_DIR */
717 
718 	/* Set their IFILE entry version numbers to 1 */
719 	LFS_IENTRY(ip, fs, 1, bp);
720 	if (version == 1) {
721 		ip_v1 = (IFILE_V1 *)ip;
722 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
723 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
724 			ip_v1->if_daddr = 0x0;
725 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = 0;
726 			++ip_v1;
727 		}
728 	} else {
729 		for (i = LFS_IFILE_INUM; i <= HIGHEST_USED_INO; i++) {
730 			ip->if_version = 1;
731 			ip->if_daddr = 0x0;
732 			ip->if_nextfree = 0;
733 			++ip;
734 		}
735 	}
736 	/* Link remaining IFILE entries in free list */
737 	if (version == 1) {
738 		for (;
739 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip_v1) {
740 			ip_v1->if_version = 1;
741 			ip_v1->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
742 			ip_v1->if_nextfree = ++i;
743 		}
744 		--ip_v1;
745 		ip_v1->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
746 	} else {
747 		for (;
748 		     i < fs->lfs_ifpb; ++ip) {
749 			ip->if_version = 1;
750 			ip->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
751 			ip->if_nextfree = ++i;
752 		}
753 		--ip;
754 		ip->if_nextfree = LFS_UNUSED_INUM;
755 	}
756 	VOP_BWRITE(bp);
757 
758 	/* Write it all to disk. */
759 	if (!Nflag)
760 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
761 
762 	/*
763 	 * Now that we've written everything, look to see what's available
764 	 * for writing.
765 	 */
766 	fs->lfs_avail = 0;
767 	bb = ubb = dmeta = 0;
768 	for (i = 0; i < fs->lfs_nseg; i++) {
769 		LFS_SEGENTRY(segp, fs, i, bp);
770                 if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_DIRTY) {
771                         bb += lfs_btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
772                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize);
773                         ubb += lfs_btofsb(fs, segp->su_nbytes +
774                             segp->su_nsums * fs->lfs_sumsize +
775                             segp->su_ninos * fs->lfs_ibsize);
776                         dmeta += lfs_btofsb(fs,
777                             fs->lfs_sumsize * segp->su_nsums);
778                         dmeta += lfs_btofsb(fs,
779                             fs->lfs_ibsize * segp->su_ninos);
780 		} else {
781                         fs->lfs_avail += lfs_segtod(fs, 1);
782                         if (segp->su_flags & SEGUSE_SUPERBLOCK)
783                                 fs->lfs_avail -= lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_SBPAD);
784                         if (i == 0 && fs->lfs_version > 1 &&
785                             fs->lfs_start < lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
786                                 fs->lfs_avail -= lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD) -
787                                     fs->lfs_start;
788                 }
789 		brelse(bp, 0);
790         }
791         /* Also may be available bytes in current seg */
792         i = lfs_dtosn(fs, fs->lfs_offset);
793         fs->lfs_avail += lfs_sntod(fs, i + 1) - fs->lfs_offset;
794         /* But do not count minfreesegs */
795         fs->lfs_avail -= lfs_segtod(fs, (fs->lfs_minfreeseg - (fs->lfs_minfreeseg / 2)));
796 
797         labelskew = 0;
798         if (fs->lfs_version > 1 && fs->lfs_start < lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD))
799                 labelskew = lfs_btofsb(fs, LFS_LABELPAD);
800         fs->lfs_bfree = fs->lfs_dsize - labelskew - (ubb + bb) / 2;
801 
802 	/* Put that in the Ifile version too, and write it */
803 	LFS_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp);
804 	cip->bfree = fs->lfs_bfree;
805 	cip->avail = fs->lfs_avail;
806 	LFS_SYNC_CLEANERINFO(cip, fs, bp, 1);
807 	if (!Nflag)
808 		lfs_segwrite(fs, SEGM_CKP);
809 
810 	/*
811 	 * Finally write out superblocks.
812 	 */
813 	printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:\n");
814 	curw = 0;
815 	for (i = 0; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
816 		seg_addr = fs->lfs_sboffs[i];
817 		if (seg_addr == 0)
818 			break;
819 
820 		if (i != 0)
821 			curw += printf(", ");
822 		ww = snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%lld",
823 		    (long long)LFS_FSBTODB(fs, seg_addr));
824 		curw += ww;
825 		if (curw >= 78) {
826 			printf("\n%s", tbuf);
827 			curw = ww;
828 		} else
829 			printf("%s", tbuf);
830 		fflush(stdout);
831 
832 		/* Leave the time stamp on the alt sb, zero the rest */
833 		if (i == 2) {
834 			fs->lfs_tstamp = 0;
835 			fs->lfs_cksum = lfs_sb_cksum(&(fs->lfs_dlfs));
836 		}
837 		if (!Nflag)
838 			lfs_writesuper(fs, seg_addr);
839 	}
840 	printf(".\n");
841 
842 	return 0;
843 }
844 
845 /*
846  * Compatibility with fsck_lfs, since the "generic" LFS userland code uses it.
847  */
848 void
849 pwarn(const char *fmt, ...)
850 {
851         va_list ap;
852 
853         va_start(ap, fmt);
854         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
855         va_end(ap);
856 }
857