xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c (revision ce2c90c7c172d95d2402a5b3d96d8f8e6d138a21)
1 /*	$NetBSD: newfs.c,v 1.94 2006/08/27 18:49:08 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
37  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
38  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
39  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
40  * research program
41  *
42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44  * are met:
45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
51  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
52  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
53  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
54  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
55  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
56  *    without specific prior written permission.
57  *
58  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
59  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
60  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
61  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
62  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
64  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
65  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
66  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
67  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
68  * SUCH DAMAGE.
69  */
70 
71 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
72 #ifndef lint
73 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
74 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
75 #endif /* not lint */
76 
77 #ifndef lint
78 #if 0
79 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c	8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
80 #else
81 __RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs.c,v 1.94 2006/08/27 18:49:08 christos Exp $");
82 #endif
83 #endif /* not lint */
84 
85 /*
86  * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
87  */
88 #include <sys/param.h>
89 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
90 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
91 #include <sys/disk.h>
92 #include <sys/file.h>
93 #include <sys/mount.h>
94 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
95 #include <sys/wait.h>
96 
97 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
98 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
99 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
100 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
101 
102 #include <ctype.h>
103 #include <disktab.h>
104 #include <err.h>
105 #include <errno.h>
106 #include <grp.h>
107 #include <limits.h>
108 #include <paths.h>
109 #include <pwd.h>
110 #include <signal.h>
111 #include <stdint.h>
112 #include <stdio.h>
113 #include <stdlib.h>
114 #include <string.h>
115 #include <syslog.h>
116 #include <unistd.h>
117 #include <util.h>
118 
119 #include "mntopts.h"
120 #include "dkcksum.h"
121 #include "extern.h"
122 #include "partutil.h"
123 
124 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
125 	MOPT_STDOPTS,
126 	MOPT_ASYNC,
127 	MOPT_UPDATE,
128 	MOPT_GETARGS,
129 	MOPT_NOATIME,
130 	{ NULL },
131 };
132 
133 static gid_t mfs_group(const char *);
134 static uid_t mfs_user(const char *);
135 static int64_t strsuftoi64(const char *, const char *, int64_t, int64_t, int *);
136 static void usage(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
137 
138 #define	COMPAT			/* allow non-labeled disks */
139 
140 #ifdef COMPAT
141 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
142 #else
143 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
144 #endif
145 
146 /*
147  * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
148  * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
149  *	MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
150  *	sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
151  *	DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
152  */
153 /*
154  * For file systems smaller than SMALL_FSSIZE we use the S_DFL_* defaults,
155  * otherwise if less than MEDIUM_FSSIZE use M_DFL_*, otherwise use
156  * L_DFL_*.
157  */
158 #define	SMALL_FSSIZE	(20*1024*2)
159 #define	S_DFL_FRAGSIZE	512
160 #define	MEDIUM_FSSIZE	(1000*1024*2)
161 #define	M_DFL_FRAGSIZE	1024
162 #define	L_DFL_FRAGSIZE	2048
163 #define	DFL_FRAG_BLK	8
164 
165 /* Apple requires the fragment size to be at least APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ
166  * but the block size cannot be larger than Darwin's PAGE_SIZE.  See
167  * the mount check in Darwin's ffs_mountfs for an explanation.
168  */
169 #define APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ /* 1024 */
170 #define APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE 4096 /* default Darwin PAGE_SIZE */
171 
172 /*
173  * Default sector size.
174  */
175 #define	DFL_SECSIZE	512
176 
177 /*
178  * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
179  * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
180  * block worth of data blocks.
181  */
182 #define	MAXBLKPG_UFS1(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(int32_t))
183 #define	MAXBLKPG_UFS2(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(int64_t))
184 
185 /*
186  * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
187  * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
188  * to be far more than we will ever need.
189  */
190 #define	NFPI		4
191 
192 
193 int	mfs;			/* run as the memory based filesystem */
194 int	Nflag;			/* run without writing file system */
195 int	Oflag = 1;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
196 int	verbosity;		/* amount of printf() output */
197 #define DEFAULT_VERBOSITY 3	/* 4 is traditional behavior */
198 int64_t	fssize;			/* file system size */
199 int	sectorsize;		/* bytes/sector */
200 int	fsize = 0;		/* fragment size */
201 int	bsize = 0;		/* block size */
202 int	maxbsize = 0;		/* maximum clustering */
203 int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
204 int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
205 int	density;		/* number of bytes per inode */
206 int	num_inodes;		/* number of inodes (overrides density) */
207 int	maxcontig = 0;		/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
208 int	maxbpg;			/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
209 int	avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
210 int	avgfpdir = AFPDIR;	/* expected number of files per directory */
211 int	mntflags = 0;		/* flags to be passed to mount */
212 u_long	memleft;		/* virtual memory available */
213 caddr_t	membase;		/* start address of memory based filesystem */
214 int	needswap;		/* Filesystem not in native byte order */
215 char	*disktype = NULL;
216 int	unlabeled;
217 char *appleufs_volname = 0; /* Apple UFS volume name */
218 int isappleufs = 0;
219 
220 char	device[MAXPATHLEN];
221 
222 int
223 main(int argc, char *argv[])
224 {
225 	struct disk_geom geo;
226 	struct dkwedge_info dkw;
227 	struct statvfs *mp;
228 	struct stat sb;
229 	int ch, fsi, fso, len, n, Fflag, Iflag, Zflag;
230 	char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special;
231 	const char *opstring;
232 	int byte_sized = 0;
233 #ifdef MFS
234 	struct mfs_args args;
235 	char mountfromname[100];
236 	pid_t pid, res;
237 	struct statvfs sf;
238 	int status;
239 #endif
240 	mode_t mfsmode = 01777;	/* default mode for a /tmp-type directory */
241 	uid_t mfsuid = 0;	/* user root */
242 	gid_t mfsgid = 0;	/* group wheel */
243 	mntoptparse_t mo;
244 
245 	cp = NULL;
246 	fsi = fso = -1;
247 	Fflag = Iflag = Zflag = 0;
248 	verbosity = -1;
249 	if (strstr(getprogname(), "mfs")) {
250 		mfs = 1;
251 	} else {
252 		/* Undocumented, for ease of testing */
253 		if (argv[1] != NULL && !strcmp(argv[1], "-mfs")) {
254 			argv++;
255 			argc--;
256 			mfs = 1;
257 		}
258 	}
259 
260 	opstring = mfs ?
261 	    "NT:V:a:b:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:n:o:p:s:u:" :
262 	    "B:FINO:S:T:V:Za:b:d:e:f:g:h:i:l:m:n:o:r:s:v:";
263 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1)
264 		switch (ch) {
265 		case 'B':
266 			if (strcmp(optarg, "be") == 0) {
267 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
268 				needswap = 1;
269 #endif
270 			} else if (strcmp(optarg, "le") == 0) {
271 #if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
272 				needswap = 1;
273 #endif
274 			} else
275 				usage();
276 			break;
277 		case 'F':
278 			Fflag = 1;
279 			break;
280 		case 'I':
281 			Iflag = 1;
282 			break;
283 		case 'N':
284 			Nflag = 1;
285 			if (verbosity == -1)
286 				verbosity = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY;
287 			break;
288 		case 'O':
289 			Oflag = strsuftoi64("format", optarg, 0, 2, NULL);
290 			break;
291 		case 'S':
292 			/* XXX: non-512 byte sectors almost certainly don't work. */
293 			sectorsize = strsuftoi64("sector size",
294 			    optarg, 512, 65536, NULL);
295 			if (sectorsize & (sectorsize - 1))
296 				errx(1, "sector size `%s' is not a power of 2.",
297 				    optarg);
298 			break;
299 #ifdef COMPAT
300 		case 'T':
301 			disktype = optarg;
302 			break;
303 #endif
304 		case 'V':
305 			verbosity = strsuftoi64("verbose", optarg, 0, 4, NULL);
306 			break;
307 		case 'Z':
308 			Zflag = 1;
309 			break;
310 		case 'a':
311 			maxcontig = strsuftoi64("maximum contiguous blocks",
312 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
313 			break;
314 		case 'b':
315 			bsize = strsuftoi64("block size",
316 			    optarg, MINBSIZE, MAXBSIZE, NULL);
317 			break;
318 		case 'd':
319 			maxbsize = strsuftoi64("maximum extent size",
320 			    optarg, 0, INT_MAX, NULL);
321 			break;
322 		case 'e':
323 			maxbpg = strsuftoi64(
324 			    "blocks per file in a cylinder group",
325 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
326 			break;
327 		case 'f':
328 			fsize = strsuftoi64("fragment size",
329 			    optarg, 1, MAXBSIZE, NULL);
330 			break;
331 		case 'g':
332 			if (mfs)
333 				mfsgid = mfs_group(optarg);
334 			else {
335 				avgfilesize = strsuftoi64("average file size",
336 				    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
337 			}
338 			break;
339 		case 'h':
340 			avgfpdir = strsuftoi64("expected files per directory",
341 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
342 			break;
343 		case 'i':
344 			density = strsuftoi64("bytes per inode",
345 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
346 			break;
347 		case 'm':
348 			minfree = strsuftoi64("free space %",
349 			    optarg, 0, 99, NULL);
350 			break;
351 		case 'n':
352 			num_inodes = strsuftoi64("number of inodes",
353 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
354 			break;
355 		case 'o':
356 			if (mfs) {
357 				mo = getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
358 				if (mo == NULL)
359 					err(1, "getmntopts");
360 				freemntopts(mo);
361 			} else {
362 				if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
363 					opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
364 				else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
365 					opt = FS_OPTTIME;
366 				else
367 				    errx(1, "%s %s",
368 					"unknown optimization preference: ",
369 					"use `space' or `time'.");
370 			}
371 			break;
372 		case 'p':
373 			/* mfs only */
374 			if ((mfsmode = strtol(optarg, NULL, 8)) <= 0)
375 				errx(1, "bad mode `%s'", optarg);
376 			break;
377 		case 's':
378 			fssize = strsuftoi64("file system size",
379 			    optarg, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, &byte_sized);
380 			break;
381 		case 'u':
382 			/* mfs only */
383 			mfsuid = mfs_user(optarg);
384 			break;
385 		case 'v':
386 			appleufs_volname = optarg;
387 			if (strchr(appleufs_volname, ':') || strchr(appleufs_volname, '/'))
388 				errx(1,"Apple UFS volume name cannot contain ':' or '/'");
389 			if (appleufs_volname[0] == '\0')
390 				errx(1,"Apple UFS volume name cannot be zero length");
391 			isappleufs = 1;
392 			break;
393 		case '?':
394 		default:
395 			usage();
396 		}
397 	argc -= optind;
398 	argv += optind;
399 
400 	if (verbosity == -1)
401 		/* Default to not showing CG info if mfs */
402 		verbosity = mfs ? 0 : DEFAULT_VERBOSITY;
403 
404 #ifdef MFS
405 	/* This is enough to get through the correct kernel code paths */
406 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof args);
407 	args.fspec = mountfromname;
408 	if (mntflags & (MNT_GETARGS | MNT_UPDATE)) {
409 		if ((mntflags & MNT_GETARGS) == 0)
410 			mntflags |= MNT_ASYNC;
411 		if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
412 			err(1, "mount `%s' failed", argv[1]);
413 		if (mntflags & MNT_GETARGS)
414 			printf("base=%p, size=%ld\n", args.base, args.size);
415 		exit(0);
416 	}
417 #endif
418 
419 	if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
420 		usage();
421 
422 	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof sb);
423 	special = argv[0];
424 	if (Fflag || mfs) {
425 		/*
426 		 * It's a file system image or an MFS,
427 		 * no label, use fixed default for sectorsize.
428 		 */
429 		if (sectorsize == 0)
430 			sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
431 
432 		if (mfs) {
433 			/* Default filesystem size to that of supplied device */
434 			if (fssize == 0)
435 				stat(special, &sb);
436 		} else {
437 			/* creating image in a regular file */
438 			int fl;
439 			if (Nflag)
440 				fl = O_RDONLY;
441 			else {
442 				if (fssize > 0)
443 					fl = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
444 				else
445 					fl = O_RDWR;
446 			}
447 			fsi = open(special, fl, 0777);
448 			if (fsi == -1)
449 				err(1, "can't open file %s", special);
450 			if (fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1)
451 				err(1, "can't fstat opened %s", special);
452 			if (!Nflag)
453 				fso = fsi;
454 		}
455 	} else {	/* !Fflag && !mfs */
456 		fsi = opendisk(special, O_RDONLY, device, sizeof(device), 0);
457 		special = device;
458 		if (fsi < 0 || fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1)
459 			err(1, "%s: open for read", special);
460 
461 		if (!Nflag) {
462 			fso = open(special, O_WRONLY, 0);
463 			if (fso < 0)
464 				err(1, "%s: open for write", special);
465 
466 			/* Bail if target special is mounted */
467 			n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
468 			if (n == 0)
469 				err(1, "%s: getmntinfo", special);
470 
471 			len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
472 			s1 = special;
473 			if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
474 				s1 += len;
475 
476 			while (--n >= 0) {
477 				s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
478 				if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
479 					s2 += len - 1;
480 					*s2 = 'r';
481 				}
482 				if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 ||
483 				    strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
484 					errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s",
485 					    special, mp->f_mntonname);
486 				++mp;
487 			}
488 		}
489 
490 #ifdef COMPAT
491 		if (disktype == NULL)
492 			disktype = argv[1];
493 #endif
494 		if (getdiskinfo(special, fsi, disktype, &geo, &dkw) == -1)
495 			errx(1, lmsg, special);
496 		unlabeled = disktype != NULL;
497 
498 		if (sectorsize == 0) {
499 			sectorsize = geo.dg_secsize;
500 			if (sectorsize <= 0)
501 				errx(1, "no default sector size");
502 		}
503 
504 		if (dkw.dkw_parent[0]) {
505 			if (dkw.dkw_size == 0)
506 				errx(1, "%s partition is unavailable", special);
507 
508 			if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_APPLEUFS) == 0)
509 				isappleufs = 1;
510 
511 			if (!Iflag) {
512 				static const char m[] =
513 				    "%s partition type is not `%s'";
514 				if (isappleufs) {
515 					if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype,
516 					    DKW_PTYPE_APPLEUFS))
517 						errx(1, m,
518 						    special, "Apple UFS");
519 				} else {
520 					if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype,
521 					    DKW_PTYPE_FFS))
522 						errx(1, m, special, "4.2BSD");
523 				}
524 			}
525 		}	/* !Fflag && !mfs */
526 	}
527 
528 	if (byte_sized)
529 		fssize /= sectorsize;
530 	if (fssize <= 0) {
531 		if (sb.st_size != 0)
532 			fssize += sb.st_size / sectorsize;
533 		else
534 			fssize += dkw.dkw_size;
535 		if (fssize <= 0)
536 			errx(1, "Unable to determine file system size");
537 	}
538 
539 	if (dkw.dkw_parent[0] && fssize > dkw.dkw_size)
540 		errx(1, "size %" PRIu64 " exceeds maximum file system size on "
541 		    "`%s' of %" PRIu64 " sectors",
542 		    fssize, special, dkw.dkw_size);
543 
544 	/* XXXLUKEM: only ftruncate() regular files ? (dsl: or at all?) */
545 	if (Fflag && fso != -1
546 	    && ftruncate(fso, (off_t)fssize * sectorsize) == -1)
547 		err(1, "can't ftruncate %s to %" PRId64, special, fssize);
548 
549 	if (Zflag && fso != -1) {	/* pre-zero (and de-sparce) the file */
550 		char	*buf;
551 		int	bufsize, i;
552 		off_t	bufrem;
553 		struct statvfs sfs;
554 
555 		if (fstatvfs(fso, &sfs) == -1) {
556 			warn("can't fstatvfs `%s'", special);
557 			bufsize = 8192;
558 		} else
559 			bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
560 
561 		if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL)
562 			err(1, "can't malloc buffer of %d",
563 			bufsize);
564 		bufrem = fssize * sectorsize;
565 		if (verbosity > 0)
566 			printf( "Creating file system image in `%s', "
567 			    "size %lld bytes, in %d byte chunks.\n",
568 			    special, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
569 		while (bufrem > 0) {
570 			i = write(fso, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
571 			if (i == -1)
572 				err(1, "writing image");
573 			bufrem -= i;
574 		}
575 		free(buf);
576 	}
577 
578 	/* Sort out fragment and block sizes */
579 	if (fsize == 0) {
580 		fsize = bsize / DFL_FRAG_BLK;
581 		if (fsize <= 0) {
582 			if (isappleufs) {
583 				fsize = APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
584 			} else {
585 				if (fssize < SMALL_FSSIZE)
586 					fsize = S_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
587 				else if (fssize < MEDIUM_FSSIZE)
588 					fsize = M_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
589 				else
590 					fsize = L_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
591 				if (fsize < sectorsize)
592 					fsize = sectorsize;
593 			}
594 		}
595 	}
596 	if (bsize <= 0) {
597 		if (isappleufs)
598 			bsize = APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE;
599 		else
600 			bsize = DFL_FRAG_BLK * fsize;
601 	}
602 
603 	if (isappleufs && (fsize < APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE)) {
604 		warnx("Warning: chosen fsize of %d is less than Apple UFS minimum of %d",
605 			fsize, APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE);
606 	}
607 	if (isappleufs && (bsize > APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE)) {
608 		warnx("Warning: chosen bsize of %d is greater than Apple UFS maximum of %d",
609 			bsize, APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE);
610 	}
611 
612 	/*
613 	 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
614 	 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
615 	 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
616 	 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
617 	 */
618 	if (maxcontig == 0)
619 		maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize);
620 	if (density == 0)
621 		density = NFPI * fsize;
622 	if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
623 		warnx("%s %s %d%%", "Warning: changing optimization to space",
624 		    "because minfree is less than", MINFREE);
625 		opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
626 	}
627 	if (maxbpg == 0) {
628 		if (Oflag <= 1)
629 			maxbpg = MAXBLKPG_UFS1(bsize);
630 		else
631 			maxbpg = MAXBLKPG_UFS2(bsize);
632 	}
633 	mkfs(special, fsi, fso, mfsmode, mfsuid, mfsgid);
634 	if (fsi != -1 && fsi != fso)
635 		close(fsi);
636 	if (fso != -1)
637 		close(fso);
638 #ifdef MFS
639 	if (mfs) {
640 
641 		switch (pid = fork()) {
642 		case -1:
643 			perror("mfs");
644 			exit(10);
645 		case 0:
646 			(void)snprintf(mountfromname, sizeof(mountfromname),
647 			    "mfs:%d", getpid());
648 			break;
649 		default:
650 			(void)snprintf(mountfromname, sizeof(mountfromname),
651 			    "mfs:%d", pid);
652 			for (;;) {
653 				/*
654 				 * spin until the mount succeeds
655 				 * or the child exits
656 				 */
657 				usleep(1);
658 
659 				/*
660 				 * XXX Here is a race condition: another process
661 				 * can mount a filesystem which hides our
662 				 * ramdisk before we see the success.
663 				 */
664 				if (statvfs(argv[1], &sf) < 0)
665 					err(88, "statvfs %s", argv[1]);
666 				if (!strcmp(sf.f_mntfromname, mountfromname) &&
667 				    !strncmp(sf.f_mntonname, argv[1],
668 					     MNAMELEN) &&
669 				    !strcmp(sf.f_fstypename, "mfs"))
670 					exit(0);
671 
672 				res = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
673 				if (res == -1)
674 					err(11, "waitpid");
675 				if (res != pid)
676 					continue;
677 				if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
678 					if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)
679 						exit(0);
680 					errx(1, "%s: mount: %s", argv[1],
681 					     strerror(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
682 				} else
683 					errx(11, "abnormal termination");
684 			}
685 			/* NOTREACHED */
686 		}
687 
688 		(void) setsid();
689 		(void) close(0);
690 		(void) close(1);
691 		(void) close(2);
692 		(void) chdir("/");
693 
694 		args.base = membase;
695 		args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
696 		if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags | MNT_ASYNC, &args) < 0)
697 			exit(errno); /* parent prints message */
698 	}
699 #endif
700 	exit(0);
701 }
702 
703 static gid_t
704 mfs_group(const char *gname)
705 {
706 	struct group *gp;
707 
708 	if (!(gp = getgrnam(gname)) && !isdigit((unsigned char)*gname))
709 		errx(1, "unknown gname %s", gname);
710 	return gp ? gp->gr_gid : atoi(gname);
711 }
712 
713 static uid_t
714 mfs_user(const char *uname)
715 {
716 	struct passwd *pp;
717 
718 	if (!(pp = getpwnam(uname)) && !isdigit((unsigned char)*uname))
719 		errx(1, "unknown user %s", uname);
720 	return pp ? pp->pw_uid : atoi(uname);
721 }
722 
723 static int64_t
724 strsuftoi64(const char *desc, const char *arg, int64_t min, int64_t max, int *num_suffix)
725 {
726 	int64_t result, r1;
727 	int shift = 0;
728 	char	*ep;
729 
730 	errno = 0;
731 	r1 = strtoll(arg, &ep, 10);
732 	if (ep[0] != '\0' && ep[1] != '\0')
733 		errx(1, "%s `%s' is not a valid number.", desc, arg);
734 	switch (ep[0]) {
735 	case '\0':
736 	case 's': case 'S':
737 		if (num_suffix != NULL)
738 			*num_suffix = 0;
739 		break;
740 	case 'g': case 'G':
741 		shift += 10;
742 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
743 	case 'm': case 'M':
744 		shift += 10;
745 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
746 	case 'k': case 'K':
747 		shift += 10;
748 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
749 	case 'b': case 'B':
750 		if (num_suffix != NULL)
751 			*num_suffix = 1;
752 		break;
753 	default:
754 		errx(1, "`%s' is not a valid suffix for %s.", ep, desc);
755 	}
756 	result = r1 << shift;
757 	if (errno == ERANGE || result >> shift != r1)
758 		errx(1, "%s `%s' is too large to convert.", desc, arg);
759 	if (result < min)
760 		errx(1, "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is less than the minimum (%" PRId64 ").",
761 		    desc, arg, result, min);
762 	if (result > max)
763 		errx(1, "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is greater than the maximum (%" PRId64 ").",
764 		    desc, arg, result, max);
765 	return result;
766 }
767 
768 #define	NEWFS		1
769 #define	MFS_MOUNT	2
770 #define	BOTH		NEWFS | MFS_MOUNT
771 
772 struct help_strings {
773 	int flags;
774 	const char *str;
775 } const help_strings[] = {
776 	{ NEWFS,	"-B byteorder\tbyte order (`be' or `le')" },
777 	{ NEWFS,	"-F \t\tcreate file system image in regular file" },
778 	{ NEWFS,	"-I \t\tdo not check that the file system type is '4.2BSD'" },
779 	{ BOTH,		"-N \t\tdo not create file system, just print out "
780 			    "parameters" },
781 	{ NEWFS,	"-O N\t\tfilesystem format: 0 ==> 4.3BSD, 1 ==> FFS, 2 ==> UFS2" },
782 	{ NEWFS,	"-S secsize\tsector size" },
783 #ifdef COMPAT
784 	{ NEWFS,	"-T disktype\tdisk type" },
785 #endif
786 	{ BOTH,		"-V verbose\toutput verbosity: 0 ==> none, 4 ==> max" },
787 	{ NEWFS,	"-Z \t\tpre-zero the image file" },
788 	{ BOTH,		"-a maxcontig\tmaximum contiguous blocks" },
789 	{ BOTH,		"-b bsize\tblock size" },
790 	{ BOTH,		"-d maxbsize\tmaximum extent size" },
791 	{ BOTH,		"-e maxbpg\tmaximum blocks per file in a cylinder group"
792 			    },
793 	{ BOTH,		"-f fsize\tfrag size" },
794 	{ NEWFS,	"-g avgfilesize\taverage file size" },
795 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-g groupname\tgroup name of mount point" },
796 	{ BOTH,		"-h avgfpdir\taverage files per directory" },
797 	{ BOTH,		"-i density\tnumber of bytes per inode" },
798 	{ BOTH,		"-m minfree\tminimum free space %%" },
799 	{ BOTH,		"-n inodes\tnumber of inodes (overrides -i density)" },
800 	{ BOTH,		"-o optim\toptimization preference (`space' or `time')"
801 			    },
802 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-p perm\t\tpermissions (in octal)" },
803 	{ BOTH,		"-s fssize\tfile system size (sectors)" },
804 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-u username\tuser name of mount point" },
805 	{ NEWFS,	"-v volname\tApple UFS volume name" },
806 	{ 0, NULL }
807 };
808 
809 static void
810 usage(void)
811 {
812 	int match;
813 	const struct help_strings *hs;
814 
815 	if (mfs) {
816 		fprintf(stderr,
817 		    "usage: %s [ fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
818 			getprogname());
819 	} else
820 		fprintf(stderr,
821 		    "usage: %s [ fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
822 		    getprogname(),
823 #ifdef COMPAT
824 		    " [disk-type]");
825 #else
826 		    "");
827 #endif
828 	fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
829 
830 	match = mfs ? MFS_MOUNT : NEWFS;
831 	for (hs = help_strings; hs->flags != 0; hs++)
832 		if (hs->flags & match)
833 			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", hs->str);
834 	exit(1);
835 }
836