xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c (revision ae9172d6cd9432a6a1a56760d86b32c57a66c39c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 #ifndef lint
35 static char copyright[] =
36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
37 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
38 #endif /* not lint */
39 
40 #ifndef lint
41 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)newfs.c	8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94";*/
42 static char *rcsid = "$Id: newfs.c,v 1.14 1994/12/18 05:09:44 cgd Exp $";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 
45 /*
46  * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
47  */
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/stat.h>
50 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
51 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
52 #include <sys/file.h>
53 #include <sys/mount.h>
54 
55 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
56 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
57 
58 #include <ctype.h>
59 #include <errno.h>
60 #include <paths.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <syslog.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 
67 #if __STDC__
68 #include <stdarg.h>
69 #else
70 #include <varargs.h>
71 #endif
72 
73 #include "mntopts.h"
74 
75 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
76 	MOPT_STDOPTS,
77 	MOPT_ASYNC,
78 	{ NULL },
79 };
80 
81 #if __STDC__
82 void	fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
83 #else
84 void	fatal();
85 #endif
86 
87 #define	COMPAT			/* allow non-labeled disks */
88 
89 /*
90  * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
91  * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
92  *	MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
93  *	sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
94  *	DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
95  */
96 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE	1024
97 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE	8192
98 
99 /*
100  * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
101  * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
102  * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders
103  * per group.
104  */
105 #define	DESCPG		16	/* desired fs_cpg */
106 
107 /*
108  * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
109  * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
110  * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
111  * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 0ms.
112  */
113 #define ROTDELAY	0
114 
115 /*
116  * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
117  * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
118  * block worth of data blocks.
119  */
120 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
121 
122 /*
123  * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
124  * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
125  * to be far more than we will ever need.
126  */
127 #define	NFPI		4
128 
129 /*
130  * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
131  * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
132  * up with minimum rotational latency.  NRPOS is the default number of
133  * rotational positions that we distinguish.  With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
134  * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.  Caching
135  * and zoning pretty much defeats rotational optimization, so we now use a
136  * default of 1.
137  */
138 #define	NRPOS		1	/* number distinct rotational positions */
139 
140 
141 int	mfs;			/* run as the memory based filesystem */
142 int	Nflag;			/* run without writing file system */
143 int	Oflag;			/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
144 int	fssize;			/* file system size */
145 int	ntracks;		/* # tracks/cylinder */
146 int	nsectors;		/* # sectors/track */
147 int	nphyssectors;		/* # sectors/track including spares */
148 int	secpercyl;		/* sectors per cylinder */
149 int	trackspares = -1;	/* spare sectors per track */
150 int	cylspares = -1;		/* spare sectors per cylinder */
151 int	sectorsize;		/* bytes/sector */
152 #ifdef tahoe
153 int	realsectorsize;		/* bytes/sector in hardware */
154 #endif
155 int	rpm;			/* revolutions/minute of drive */
156 int	interleave;		/* hardware sector interleave */
157 int	trackskew = -1;		/* sector 0 skew, per track */
158 int	headswitch;		/* head switch time, usec */
159 int	trackseek;		/* track-to-track seek, usec */
160 int	fsize = 0;		/* fragment size */
161 int	bsize = 0;		/* block size */
162 int	cpg = DESCPG;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
163 int	cpgflg;			/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
164 int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
165 int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
166 int	density;		/* number of bytes per inode */
167 int	maxcontig = 8;		/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
168 int	rotdelay = ROTDELAY;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
169 int	maxbpg;			/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
170 int	nrpos = NRPOS;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
171 int	bbsize = BBSIZE;	/* boot block size */
172 int	sbsize = SBSIZE;	/* superblock size */
173 int	mntflags = MNT_ASYNC;	/* flags to be passed to mount */
174 u_long	memleft;		/* virtual memory available */
175 caddr_t	membase;		/* start address of memory based filesystem */
176 #ifdef COMPAT
177 char	*disktype;
178 int	unlabeled;
179 #endif
180 
181 char	device[MAXPATHLEN];
182 char	*progname;
183 
184 int
185 main(argc, argv)
186 	int argc;
187 	char *argv[];
188 {
189 	extern char *optarg;
190 	extern int optind;
191 	register int ch;
192 	register struct partition *pp;
193 	register struct disklabel *lp;
194 	struct disklabel mfsfakelabel;
195 	struct disklabel *getdisklabel();
196 	struct partition oldpartition;
197 	struct stat st;
198 	struct statfs *mp;
199 	int fsi, fso, len, n;
200 	char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ];
201 
202 	if (progname = strrchr(*argv, '/'))
203 		++progname;
204 	else
205 		progname = *argv;
206 
207 	if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) {
208 		mfs = 1;
209 		Nflag++;
210 	}
211 
212 	opstring = mfs ?
213 	    "NT:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" :
214 	    "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:";
215 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF)
216 		switch (ch) {
217 		case 'N':
218 			Nflag = 1;
219 			break;
220 		case 'O':
221 			Oflag = 1;
222 			break;
223 		case 'S':
224 			if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
225 				fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
226 			break;
227 #ifdef COMPAT
228 		case 'T':
229 			disktype = optarg;
230 			break;
231 #endif
232 		case 'a':
233 			if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
234 				fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n",
235 				    optarg);
236 			break;
237 		case 'b':
238 			if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
239 				fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
240 			break;
241 		case 'c':
242 			if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
243 				fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
244 			cpgflg++;
245 			break;
246 		case 'd':
247 			if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
248 				fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg);
249 			break;
250 		case 'e':
251 			if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
252 		fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n",
253 				    optarg);
254 			break;
255 		case 'f':
256 			if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
257 				fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
258 			break;
259 		case 'i':
260 			if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
261 				fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg);
262 			break;
263 		case 'k':
264 			if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
265 				fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
266 			break;
267 		case 'l':
268 			if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
269 				fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
270 			break;
271 		case 'm':
272 			if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
273 				fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg);
274 			break;
275 		case 'n':
276 			if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
277 				fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n",
278 				    optarg);
279 			break;
280 		case 'o':
281 			if (mfs)
282 				getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags);
283 			else {
284 				if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
285 					opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
286 				else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
287 					opt = FS_OPTTIME;
288 				else
289 	fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'.");
290 			}
291 			break;
292 		case 'p':
293 			if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
294 				fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
295 				    optarg);
296 			break;
297 		case 'r':
298 			if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
299 				fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg);
300 			break;
301 		case 's':
302 			if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
303 				fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
304 			break;
305 		case 't':
306 			if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
307 				fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
308 			break;
309 		case 'u':
310 			if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
311 				fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
312 			break;
313 		case 'x':
314 			if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
315 				fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
316 				    optarg);
317 			break;
318 		case '?':
319 		default:
320 			usage();
321 		}
322 	argc -= optind;
323 	argv += optind;
324 
325 	if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
326 		usage();
327 
328 	special = argv[0];
329 	if (mfs && !strcmp(special, "swap")) {
330 		/*
331 		 * it's an MFS, mounted on "swap."  fake up a label.
332 		 * XXX XXX XXX
333 		 */
334 		fso = -1;	/* XXX; normally done below. */
335 
336 		memset(&mfsfakelabel, 0, sizeof(mfsfakelabel));
337 		mfsfakelabel.d_secsize = 512;
338 		mfsfakelabel.d_nsectors = 64;
339 		mfsfakelabel.d_ntracks = 16;
340 		mfsfakelabel.d_ncylinders = 16;
341 		mfsfakelabel.d_secpercyl = 1024;
342 		mfsfakelabel.d_secperunit = 16384;
343 		mfsfakelabel.d_rpm = 3600;
344 		mfsfakelabel.d_interleave = 1;
345 		mfsfakelabel.d_npartitions = 1;
346 		mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_size = 16384;
347 		mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_fsize = 1024;
348 		mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_frag = 8;
349 		mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0].p_cpg = 16;
350 
351 		lp = &mfsfakelabel;
352 		pp = &mfsfakelabel.d_partitions[0];
353 
354 		goto havelabel;
355 	}
356 	cp = strrchr(special, '/');
357 	if (cp == 0) {
358 		/*
359 		 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s.
360 		 */
361 		(void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
362 		if (stat(device, &st) == -1)
363 			(void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
364 		special = device;
365 	}
366 	if (Nflag) {
367 		fso = -1;
368 	} else {
369 		fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
370 		if (fso < 0)
371 			fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
372 
373 		/* Bail if target special is mounted */
374 		n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
375 		if (n == 0)
376 			fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));
377 
378 		len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
379 		s1 = special;
380 		if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
381 			s1 += len;
382 
383 		while (--n >= 0) {
384 			s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
385 			if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
386 				s2 += len - 1;
387 				*s2 = 'r';
388 			}
389 			if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
390 				fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
391 				    special, mp->f_mntonname);
392 			++mp;
393 		}
394 	}
395 	if (mfs && disktype != NULL) {
396 		lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype);
397 		if (lp == NULL)
398 			fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
399 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[1];
400 	} else {
401 		fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
402 		if (fsi < 0)
403 			fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
404 		if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
405 			fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
406 		if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs)
407 			printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
408 			    progname, special);
409 		cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0') - 1;
410 		if (cp == 0 || (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp))
411 			fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition",
412 			    argv[0]);
413 #ifdef COMPAT
414 		if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
415 			disktype = argv[1];
416 #endif
417 		lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi);
418 		if (isdigit(*cp))
419 			pp = &lp->d_partitions[0];
420 		else
421 			pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
422 		if (pp->p_size == 0)
423 			fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
424 			    argv[0], *cp);
425 		if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
426 			fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
427 			      argv[0], *cp);
428 	}
429 havelabel:
430 	if (fssize == 0)
431 		fssize = pp->p_size;
432 	if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs)
433 	       fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d",
434 			argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size);
435 	if (rpm == 0) {
436 		rpm = lp->d_rpm;
437 		if (rpm <= 0)
438 			rpm = 3600;
439 	}
440 	if (ntracks == 0) {
441 		ntracks = lp->d_ntracks;
442 		if (ntracks <= 0)
443 			fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
444 	}
445 	if (nsectors == 0) {
446 		nsectors = lp->d_nsectors;
447 		if (nsectors <= 0)
448 			fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
449 	}
450 	if (sectorsize == 0) {
451 		sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
452 		if (sectorsize <= 0)
453 			fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
454 	}
455 	if (trackskew == -1) {
456 		trackskew = lp->d_trackskew;
457 		if (trackskew < 0)
458 			trackskew = 0;
459 	}
460 	if (interleave == 0) {
461 		interleave = lp->d_interleave;
462 		if (interleave <= 0)
463 			interleave = 1;
464 	}
465 	if (fsize == 0) {
466 		fsize = pp->p_fsize;
467 		if (fsize <= 0)
468 			fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize);
469 	}
470 	if (bsize == 0) {
471 		bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
472 		if (bsize <= 0)
473 			bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
474 	}
475 	/*
476 	 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
477 	 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
478 	 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
479 	 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
480 	 */
481 	if (maxcontig == 0)
482 		maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize - 1);
483 	if (density == 0)
484 		density = NFPI * fsize;
485 	if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
486 		fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
487 		fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
488 		opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
489 	}
490 	if (trackspares == -1) {
491 		trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack;
492 		if (trackspares < 0)
493 			trackspares = 0;
494 	}
495 	nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
496 	if (cylspares == -1) {
497 		cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl;
498 		if (cylspares < 0)
499 			cylspares = 0;
500 	}
501 	secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
502 	if (secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl)
503 		fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n",
504 			"Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
505 			"disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl);
506 	if (maxbpg == 0)
507 		maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
508 	headswitch = lp->d_headswitch;
509 	trackseek = lp->d_trkseek;
510 #ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */
511 	bbsize = lp->d_bbsize;
512 	sbsize = lp->d_sbsize;
513 #endif
514 	oldpartition = *pp;
515 #ifdef tahoe
516 	realsectorsize = sectorsize;
517 	if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) {		/* XXX */
518 		int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize;
519 
520 		sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
521 		nsectors /= secperblk;
522 		nphyssectors /= secperblk;
523 		secpercyl /= secperblk;
524 		fssize /= secperblk;
525 		pp->p_size /= secperblk;
526 	}
527 #endif
528 	mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso);
529 #ifdef tahoe
530 	if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE)
531 		pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize;
532 #endif
533 	if (!Nflag && memcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition)))
534 		rewritelabel(special, fso, lp);
535 	if (!Nflag)
536 		close(fso);
537 	close(fsi);
538 #ifdef MFS
539 	if (mfs) {
540 		struct mfs_args args;
541 
542 		sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid());
543 		args.fspec = buf;
544 		args.export.ex_root = -2;
545 		if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY)
546 			args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY;
547 		else
548 			args.export.ex_flags = 0;
549 		args.base = membase;
550 		args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
551 		if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
552 			fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
553 	}
554 #endif
555 	exit(0);
556 }
557 
558 #ifdef COMPAT
559 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
560 #else
561 char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
562 #endif
563 
564 struct disklabel *
565 getdisklabel(s, fd)
566 	char *s;
567 	int fd;
568 {
569 	static struct disklabel lab;
570 
571 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) {
572 #ifdef COMPAT
573 		if (disktype) {
574 			struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname();
575 
576 			unlabeled++;
577 			lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
578 			if (lp == NULL)
579 				fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
580 			return (lp);
581 		}
582 #endif
583 		warn("ioctl (GDINFO)");
584 		fatal(lmsg, s);
585 	}
586 	return (&lab);
587 }
588 
589 rewritelabel(s, fd, lp)
590 	char *s;
591 	int fd;
592 	register struct disklabel *lp;
593 {
594 #ifdef COMPAT
595 	if (unlabeled)
596 		return;
597 #endif
598 	lp->d_checksum = 0;
599 	lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp);
600 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) < 0) {
601 		warn("ioctl (WDINFO)");
602 		fatal("%s: can't rewrite disk label", s);
603 	}
604 #if vax
605 	if (lp->d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) {
606 		register i;
607 		int cfd;
608 		daddr_t alt;
609 		char specname[64];
610 		char blk[1024];
611 		char *cp;
612 
613 		/*
614 		 * Make name for 'c' partition.
615 		 */
616 		strcpy(specname, s);
617 		cp = specname + strlen(specname) - 1;
618 		if (!isdigit(*cp))
619 			*cp = 'c';
620 		cfd = open(specname, O_WRONLY);
621 		if (cfd < 0)
622 			fatal("%s: %s", specname, strerror(errno));
623 		memset(blk, 0, sizeof(blk));
624 		*(struct disklabel *)(blk + LABELOFFSET) = *lp;
625 		alt = lp->d_ncylinders * lp->d_secpercyl - lp->d_nsectors;
626 		for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lp->d_nsectors; i += 2) {
627 			if (lseek(cfd, (off_t)(alt + i) * lp->d_secsize,
628 			    L_SET) == -1)
629 				fatal("lseek to badsector area: %s",
630 				    strerror(errno));
631 			if (write(cfd, blk, lp->d_secsize) < lp->d_secsize)
632 				warn("alternate label %d write", i/2);
633 		}
634 		close(cfd);
635 	}
636 #endif
637 }
638 
639 /*VARARGS*/
640 void
641 #if __STDC__
642 fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
643 #else
644 fatal(fmt, va_alist)
645 	char *fmt;
646 	va_dcl
647 #endif
648 {
649 	va_list ap;
650 
651 #if __STDC__
652 	va_start(ap, fmt);
653 #else
654 	va_start(ap);
655 #endif
656 	if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
657 		openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
658 		vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
659 		closelog();
660 	} else {
661 		vwarnx(fmt, ap);
662 	}
663 	va_end(ap);
664 	exit(1);
665 	/*NOTREACHED*/
666 }
667 
668 usage()
669 {
670 	if (mfs) {
671 		fprintf(stderr,
672 		    "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
673 			progname);
674 	} else
675 		fprintf(stderr,
676 		    "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
677 		    progname,
678 #ifdef COMPAT
679 		    " [device-type]");
680 #else
681 		    "");
682 #endif
683 	fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
684 	fprintf(stderr,
685 	    "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
686 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
687 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
688 #ifdef COMPAT
689 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
690 #endif
691 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
692 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
693 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
694 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
695 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
696 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
697 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
698 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
699 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
700 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
701 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
702 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
703 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
704 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
705 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
706 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
707 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
708 	fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");
709 	exit(1);
710 }
711