xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c (revision 8b0f9554ff8762542c4defc4f70e1eb76fb508fa)
1 /*	$NetBSD: newfs.c,v 1.100 2007/12/15 19:44:47 perry Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
34  * All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
37  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
38  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
39  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
40  * research program
41  *
42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44  * are met:
45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
51  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
52  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
53  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
54  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
55  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
56  *    without specific prior written permission.
57  *
58  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
59  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
60  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
61  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
62  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
63  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
64  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
65  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
66  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
67  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
68  * SUCH DAMAGE.
69  */
70 
71 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
72 #ifndef lint
73 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
74 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
75 #endif /* not lint */
76 
77 #ifndef lint
78 #if 0
79 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c	8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
80 #else
81 __RCSID("$NetBSD: newfs.c,v 1.100 2007/12/15 19:44:47 perry Exp $");
82 #endif
83 #endif /* not lint */
84 
85 /*
86  * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
87  */
88 #include <sys/param.h>
89 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
90 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
91 #include <sys/disk.h>
92 #include <sys/file.h>
93 #include <sys/mount.h>
94 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
95 #include <sys/wait.h>
96 
97 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
98 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
99 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
100 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
101 
102 #include <ctype.h>
103 #include <disktab.h>
104 #include <err.h>
105 #include <errno.h>
106 #include <grp.h>
107 #include <limits.h>
108 #include <paths.h>
109 #include <pwd.h>
110 #include <signal.h>
111 #include <stdint.h>
112 #include <stdio.h>
113 #include <stdlib.h>
114 #include <string.h>
115 #include <syslog.h>
116 #include <unistd.h>
117 #include <util.h>
118 #include <mntopts.h>
119 
120 #include "dkcksum.h"
121 #include "extern.h"
122 #include "partutil.h"
123 
124 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
125 	MOPT_STDOPTS,
126 	MOPT_ASYNC,
127 	MOPT_UPDATE,
128 	MOPT_GETARGS,
129 	MOPT_NOATIME,
130 	{ .m_option = NULL },
131 };
132 
133 static gid_t mfs_group(const char *);
134 static uid_t mfs_user(const char *);
135 static int64_t strsuftoi64(const char *, const char *, int64_t, int64_t, int *);
136 static void usage(void) __dead;
137 
138 #define	COMPAT			/* allow non-labeled disks */
139 
140 #ifdef COMPAT
141 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified";
142 #else
143 const char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label";
144 #endif
145 
146 /*
147  * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
148  * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
149  *	MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
150  *	sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
151  *	DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
152  */
153 /*
154  * For file systems smaller than SMALL_FSSIZE we use the S_DFL_* defaults,
155  * otherwise if less than MEDIUM_FSSIZE use M_DFL_*, otherwise use
156  * L_DFL_*.
157  */
158 #define	SMALL_FSSIZE	(20*1024*2)
159 #define	S_DFL_FRAGSIZE	512
160 #define	MEDIUM_FSSIZE	(1000*1024*2)
161 #define	M_DFL_FRAGSIZE	1024
162 #define	L_DFL_FRAGSIZE	2048
163 #define	DFL_FRAG_BLK	8
164 
165 /* Apple requires the fragment size to be at least APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ
166  * but the block size cannot be larger than Darwin's PAGE_SIZE.  See
167  * the mount check in Darwin's ffs_mountfs for an explanation.
168  */
169 #define APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE APPLEUFS_DIRBLKSIZ /* 1024 */
170 #define APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE 4096 /* default Darwin PAGE_SIZE */
171 
172 /*
173  * Default sector size.
174  */
175 #define	DFL_SECSIZE	512
176 
177 /*
178  * Default file system size for "mount_mfs swap /dir" case.
179  */
180 #define	DFL_FSSIZE	(8 * 1024 * 1024)
181 
182 /*
183  * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
184  * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
185  * block worth of data blocks.
186  */
187 #define	MAXBLKPG_UFS1(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(int32_t))
188 #define	MAXBLKPG_UFS2(bsize)	((bsize) / sizeof(int64_t))
189 
190 /*
191  * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
192  * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
193  * to be far more than we will ever need.
194  */
195 #define	NFPI		4
196 
197 
198 int	mfs;			/* run as the memory based filesystem */
199 int	Nflag;			/* run without writing file system */
200 int	Oflag = 1;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
201 int	verbosity;		/* amount of printf() output */
202 #define DEFAULT_VERBOSITY 3	/* 4 is traditional behavior */
203 int64_t	fssize;			/* file system size */
204 int	sectorsize;		/* bytes/sector */
205 int	fsize = 0;		/* fragment size */
206 int	bsize = 0;		/* block size */
207 int	maxbsize = 0;		/* maximum clustering */
208 int	minfree = MINFREE;	/* free space threshold */
209 int	opt = DEFAULTOPT;	/* optimization preference (space or time) */
210 int	density;		/* number of bytes per inode */
211 int	num_inodes;		/* number of inodes (overrides density) */
212 int	maxcontig = 0;		/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
213 int	maxbpg;			/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
214 int	avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
215 int	avgfpdir = AFPDIR;	/* expected number of files per directory */
216 int	mntflags = 0;		/* flags to be passed to mount */
217 u_long	memleft;		/* virtual memory available */
218 caddr_t	membase;		/* start address of memory based filesystem */
219 int	needswap;		/* Filesystem not in native byte order */
220 char	*disktype = NULL;
221 int	unlabeled;
222 char *appleufs_volname = 0; /* Apple UFS volume name */
223 int isappleufs = 0;
224 
225 char	device[MAXPATHLEN];
226 
227 int
228 main(int argc, char *argv[])
229 {
230 	struct disk_geom geo;
231 	struct dkwedge_info dkw;
232 	struct statvfs *mp;
233 	struct stat sb;
234 	int ch, fsi, fso, len, n, Fflag, Iflag, Zflag;
235 	char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special;
236 	const char *opstring;
237 	int byte_sized = 0;
238 #ifdef MFS
239 	struct mfs_args args;
240 	char mountfromname[100];
241 	pid_t pid, res;
242 	struct statvfs sf;
243 	int status;
244 #endif
245 	mode_t mfsmode = 01777;	/* default mode for a /tmp-type directory */
246 	uid_t mfsuid = 0;	/* user root */
247 	gid_t mfsgid = 0;	/* group wheel */
248 	mntoptparse_t mo;
249 
250 	cp = NULL;
251 	fsi = fso = -1;
252 	Fflag = Iflag = Zflag = 0;
253 	verbosity = -1;
254 	if (strstr(getprogname(), "mfs")) {
255 		mfs = 1;
256 	} else {
257 		/* Undocumented, for ease of testing */
258 		if (argv[1] != NULL && !strcmp(argv[1], "-mfs")) {
259 			argv++;
260 			argc--;
261 			mfs = 1;
262 		}
263 	}
264 
265 	opstring = mfs ?
266 	    "NT:V:a:b:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:n:o:p:s:u:" :
267 	    "B:FINO:S:T:V:Za:b:d:e:f:g:h:i:l:m:n:o:r:s:v:";
268 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1)
269 		switch (ch) {
270 		case 'B':
271 			if (strcmp(optarg, "be") == 0) {
272 #if BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
273 				needswap = 1;
274 #endif
275 			} else if (strcmp(optarg, "le") == 0) {
276 #if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
277 				needswap = 1;
278 #endif
279 			} else
280 				usage();
281 			break;
282 		case 'F':
283 			Fflag = 1;
284 			break;
285 		case 'I':
286 			Iflag = 1;
287 			break;
288 		case 'N':
289 			Nflag = 1;
290 			if (verbosity == -1)
291 				verbosity = DEFAULT_VERBOSITY;
292 			break;
293 		case 'O':
294 			Oflag = strsuftoi64("format", optarg, 0, 2, NULL);
295 			break;
296 		case 'S':
297 			/* XXX: non-512 byte sectors almost certainly don't work. */
298 			sectorsize = strsuftoi64("sector size",
299 			    optarg, 512, 65536, NULL);
300 			if (sectorsize & (sectorsize - 1))
301 				errx(1, "sector size `%s' is not a power of 2.",
302 				    optarg);
303 			break;
304 #ifdef COMPAT
305 		case 'T':
306 			disktype = optarg;
307 			break;
308 #endif
309 		case 'V':
310 			verbosity = strsuftoi64("verbose", optarg, 0, 4, NULL);
311 			break;
312 		case 'Z':
313 			Zflag = 1;
314 			break;
315 		case 'a':
316 			maxcontig = strsuftoi64("maximum contiguous blocks",
317 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
318 			break;
319 		case 'b':
320 			bsize = strsuftoi64("block size",
321 			    optarg, MINBSIZE, MAXBSIZE, NULL);
322 			break;
323 		case 'd':
324 			maxbsize = strsuftoi64("maximum extent size",
325 			    optarg, 0, INT_MAX, NULL);
326 			break;
327 		case 'e':
328 			maxbpg = strsuftoi64(
329 			    "blocks per file in a cylinder group",
330 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
331 			break;
332 		case 'f':
333 			fsize = strsuftoi64("fragment size",
334 			    optarg, 1, MAXBSIZE, NULL);
335 			break;
336 		case 'g':
337 			if (mfs)
338 				mfsgid = mfs_group(optarg);
339 			else {
340 				avgfilesize = strsuftoi64("average file size",
341 				    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
342 			}
343 			break;
344 		case 'h':
345 			avgfpdir = strsuftoi64("expected files per directory",
346 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
347 			break;
348 		case 'i':
349 			density = strsuftoi64("bytes per inode",
350 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
351 			break;
352 		case 'm':
353 			minfree = strsuftoi64("free space %",
354 			    optarg, 0, 99, NULL);
355 			break;
356 		case 'n':
357 			num_inodes = strsuftoi64("number of inodes",
358 			    optarg, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
359 			break;
360 		case 'o':
361 			if (mfs) {
362 				mo = getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
363 				if (mo == NULL)
364 					err(1, "getmntopts");
365 				freemntopts(mo);
366 			} else {
367 				if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
368 					opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
369 				else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
370 					opt = FS_OPTTIME;
371 				else
372 				    errx(1, "%s %s",
373 					"unknown optimization preference: ",
374 					"use `space' or `time'.");
375 			}
376 			break;
377 		case 'p':
378 			/* mfs only */
379 			if ((mfsmode = strtol(optarg, NULL, 8)) <= 0)
380 				errx(1, "bad mode `%s'", optarg);
381 			break;
382 		case 's':
383 			fssize = strsuftoi64("file system size",
384 			    optarg, INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX, &byte_sized);
385 			break;
386 		case 'u':
387 			/* mfs only */
388 			mfsuid = mfs_user(optarg);
389 			break;
390 		case 'v':
391 			appleufs_volname = optarg;
392 			if (strchr(appleufs_volname, ':') || strchr(appleufs_volname, '/'))
393 				errx(1,"Apple UFS volume name cannot contain ':' or '/'");
394 			if (appleufs_volname[0] == '\0')
395 				errx(1,"Apple UFS volume name cannot be zero length");
396 			isappleufs = 1;
397 			break;
398 		case '?':
399 		default:
400 			usage();
401 		}
402 	argc -= optind;
403 	argv += optind;
404 
405 	if (verbosity == -1)
406 		/* Default to not showing CG info if mfs */
407 		verbosity = mfs ? 0 : DEFAULT_VERBOSITY;
408 
409 #ifdef MFS
410 	/* This is enough to get through the correct kernel code paths */
411 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof args);
412 	args.fspec = mountfromname;
413 	if (mntflags & (MNT_GETARGS | MNT_UPDATE)) {
414 		if ((mntflags & MNT_GETARGS) == 0)
415 			mntflags |= MNT_ASYNC;
416 		if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags,
417 		    &args, sizeof args) == -1)
418 			err(1, "mount `%s' failed", argv[1]);
419 		if (mntflags & MNT_GETARGS)
420 			printf("base=%p, size=%ld\n", args.base, args.size);
421 		exit(0);
422 	}
423 #endif
424 
425 	if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
426 		usage();
427 
428 	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof sb);
429 	memset(&dkw, 0, sizeof dkw);
430 	special = argv[0];
431 	if (Fflag || mfs) {
432 		/*
433 		 * It's a file system image or an MFS,
434 		 * no label, use fixed default for sectorsize.
435 		 */
436 		if (sectorsize == 0)
437 			sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
438 
439 		if (mfs) {
440 			/*
441 			 * Default filesystem size to that of supplied device,
442 			 * and fall back to 8M
443 			 */
444 			if (fssize == 0)
445 				if (stat(special, &sb) == -1)
446 					fssize = DFL_FSSIZE / sectorsize;
447 		} else {
448 			/* creating image in a regular file */
449 			int fl;
450 			if (Nflag)
451 				fl = O_RDONLY;
452 			else {
453 				if (fssize > 0)
454 					fl = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
455 				else
456 					fl = O_RDWR;
457 			}
458 			fsi = open(special, fl, 0777);
459 			if (fsi == -1)
460 				err(1, "can't open file %s", special);
461 			if (fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1)
462 				err(1, "can't fstat opened %s", special);
463 			if (!Nflag)
464 				fso = fsi;
465 		}
466 	} else {	/* !Fflag && !mfs */
467 		fsi = opendisk(special, O_RDONLY, device, sizeof(device), 0);
468 		special = device;
469 		if (fsi < 0 || fstat(fsi, &sb) == -1)
470 			err(1, "%s: open for read", special);
471 
472 		if (!Nflag) {
473 			fso = open(special, O_WRONLY, 0);
474 			if (fso < 0)
475 				err(1, "%s: open for write", special);
476 
477 			/* Bail if target special is mounted */
478 			n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
479 			if (n == 0)
480 				err(1, "%s: getmntinfo", special);
481 
482 			len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
483 			s1 = special;
484 			if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
485 				s1 += len;
486 
487 			while (--n >= 0) {
488 				s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
489 				if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
490 					s2 += len - 1;
491 					*s2 = 'r';
492 				}
493 				if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 ||
494 				    strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
495 					errx(1, "%s is mounted on %s",
496 					    special, mp->f_mntonname);
497 				++mp;
498 			}
499 		}
500 
501 #ifdef COMPAT
502 		if (disktype == NULL)
503 			disktype = argv[1];
504 #endif
505 		if (getdiskinfo(special, fsi, disktype, &geo, &dkw) == -1)
506 			errx(1, lmsg, special);
507 		unlabeled = disktype != NULL;
508 
509 		if (sectorsize == 0) {
510 			sectorsize = geo.dg_secsize;
511 			if (sectorsize <= 0)
512 				errx(1, "no default sector size");
513 		}
514 
515 		if (dkw.dkw_parent[0]) {
516 			if (dkw.dkw_size == 0)
517 				errx(1, "%s partition is unavailable", special);
518 
519 			if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype, DKW_PTYPE_APPLEUFS) == 0)
520 				isappleufs = 1;
521 
522 			if (!Iflag) {
523 				static const char m[] =
524 				    "%s partition type is not `%s'";
525 				if (isappleufs) {
526 					if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype,
527 					    DKW_PTYPE_APPLEUFS))
528 						errx(1, m,
529 						    special, "Apple UFS");
530 				} else {
531 					if (strcmp(dkw.dkw_ptype,
532 					    DKW_PTYPE_FFS))
533 						errx(1, m, special, "4.2BSD");
534 				}
535 			}
536 		}	/* !Fflag && !mfs */
537 	}
538 
539 	if (byte_sized)
540 		fssize /= sectorsize;
541 	if (fssize <= 0) {
542 		if (sb.st_size != 0)
543 			fssize += sb.st_size / sectorsize;
544 		else
545 			fssize += dkw.dkw_size;
546 		if (fssize <= 0)
547 			errx(1, "Unable to determine file system size");
548 	}
549 
550 	if (dkw.dkw_parent[0] && fssize > dkw.dkw_size)
551 		errx(1, "size %" PRIu64 " exceeds maximum file system size on "
552 		    "`%s' of %" PRIu64 " sectors",
553 		    fssize, special, dkw.dkw_size);
554 
555 	/* XXXLUKEM: only ftruncate() regular files ? (dsl: or at all?) */
556 	if (Fflag && fso != -1
557 	    && ftruncate(fso, (off_t)fssize * sectorsize) == -1)
558 		err(1, "can't ftruncate %s to %" PRId64, special, fssize);
559 
560 	if (Zflag && fso != -1) {	/* pre-zero (and de-sparce) the file */
561 		char	*buf;
562 		int	bufsize, i;
563 		off_t	bufrem;
564 		struct statvfs sfs;
565 
566 		if (fstatvfs(fso, &sfs) == -1) {
567 			warn("can't fstatvfs `%s'", special);
568 			bufsize = 8192;
569 		} else
570 			bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
571 
572 		if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL)
573 			err(1, "can't malloc buffer of %d",
574 			bufsize);
575 		bufrem = fssize * sectorsize;
576 		if (verbosity > 0)
577 			printf( "Creating file system image in `%s', "
578 			    "size %lld bytes, in %d byte chunks.\n",
579 			    special, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
580 		while (bufrem > 0) {
581 			i = write(fso, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
582 			if (i == -1)
583 				err(1, "writing image");
584 			bufrem -= i;
585 		}
586 		free(buf);
587 	}
588 
589 	/* Sort out fragment and block sizes */
590 	if (fsize == 0) {
591 		fsize = bsize / DFL_FRAG_BLK;
592 		if (fsize <= 0) {
593 			if (isappleufs) {
594 				fsize = APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
595 			} else {
596 				if (fssize < SMALL_FSSIZE)
597 					fsize = S_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
598 				else if (fssize < MEDIUM_FSSIZE)
599 					fsize = M_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
600 				else
601 					fsize = L_DFL_FRAGSIZE;
602 				if (fsize < sectorsize)
603 					fsize = sectorsize;
604 			}
605 		}
606 	}
607 	if (bsize <= 0) {
608 		if (isappleufs)
609 			bsize = APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE;
610 		else
611 			bsize = DFL_FRAG_BLK * fsize;
612 	}
613 
614 	if (isappleufs && (fsize < APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE)) {
615 		warnx("Warning: chosen fsize of %d is less than Apple UFS minimum of %d",
616 			fsize, APPLEUFS_DFL_FRAGSIZE);
617 	}
618 	if (isappleufs && (bsize > APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE)) {
619 		warnx("Warning: chosen bsize of %d is greater than Apple UFS maximum of %d",
620 			bsize, APPLEUFS_DFL_BLKSIZE);
621 	}
622 
623 	/*
624 	 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
625 	 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
626 	 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
627 	 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
628 	 */
629 	if (maxcontig == 0)
630 		maxcontig = MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / bsize);
631 	if (density == 0)
632 		density = NFPI * fsize;
633 	if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
634 		warnx("%s %s %d%%", "Warning: changing optimization to space",
635 		    "because minfree is less than", MINFREE);
636 		opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
637 	}
638 	if (maxbpg == 0) {
639 		if (Oflag <= 1)
640 			maxbpg = MAXBLKPG_UFS1(bsize);
641 		else
642 			maxbpg = MAXBLKPG_UFS2(bsize);
643 	}
644 	mkfs(special, fsi, fso, mfsmode, mfsuid, mfsgid);
645 	if (fsi != -1 && fsi != fso)
646 		close(fsi);
647 	if (fso != -1)
648 		close(fso);
649 #ifdef MFS
650 	if (mfs) {
651 
652 		switch (pid = fork()) {
653 		case -1:
654 			perror("mfs");
655 			exit(10);
656 		case 0:
657 			(void)snprintf(mountfromname, sizeof(mountfromname),
658 			    "mfs:%d", getpid());
659 			break;
660 		default:
661 			(void)snprintf(mountfromname, sizeof(mountfromname),
662 			    "mfs:%d", pid);
663 			for (;;) {
664 				/*
665 				 * spin until the mount succeeds
666 				 * or the child exits
667 				 */
668 				usleep(1);
669 
670 				/*
671 				 * XXX Here is a race condition: another process
672 				 * can mount a filesystem which hides our
673 				 * ramdisk before we see the success.
674 				 */
675 				if (statvfs(argv[1], &sf) < 0)
676 					err(88, "statvfs %s", argv[1]);
677 				if (!strcmp(sf.f_mntfromname, mountfromname) &&
678 				    !strncmp(sf.f_mntonname, argv[1],
679 					     MNAMELEN) &&
680 				    !strcmp(sf.f_fstypename, "mfs"))
681 					exit(0);
682 
683 				res = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
684 				if (res == -1)
685 					err(11, "waitpid");
686 				if (res != pid)
687 					continue;
688 				if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
689 					if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)
690 						exit(0);
691 					errx(1, "%s: mount: %s", argv[1],
692 					     strerror(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
693 				} else
694 					errx(11, "abnormal termination");
695 			}
696 			/* NOTREACHED */
697 		}
698 
699 		(void) setsid();
700 		(void) close(0);
701 		(void) close(1);
702 		(void) close(2);
703 		(void) chdir("/");
704 
705 		args.base = membase;
706 		args.size = fssize * sectorsize;
707 		if (mount(MOUNT_MFS, argv[1], mntflags | MNT_ASYNC,
708 		    &args, sizeof args) == -1)
709 			exit(errno); /* parent prints message */
710 	}
711 #endif
712 	exit(0);
713 }
714 
715 static gid_t
716 mfs_group(const char *gname)
717 {
718 	struct group *gp;
719 
720 	if (!(gp = getgrnam(gname)) && !isdigit((unsigned char)*gname))
721 		errx(1, "unknown gname %s", gname);
722 	return gp ? gp->gr_gid : atoi(gname);
723 }
724 
725 static uid_t
726 mfs_user(const char *uname)
727 {
728 	struct passwd *pp;
729 
730 	if (!(pp = getpwnam(uname)) && !isdigit((unsigned char)*uname))
731 		errx(1, "unknown user %s", uname);
732 	return pp ? pp->pw_uid : atoi(uname);
733 }
734 
735 static int64_t
736 strsuftoi64(const char *desc, const char *arg, int64_t min, int64_t max, int *num_suffix)
737 {
738 	int64_t result, r1;
739 	int shift = 0;
740 	char	*ep;
741 
742 	errno = 0;
743 	r1 = strtoll(arg, &ep, 10);
744 	if (ep[0] != '\0' && ep[1] != '\0')
745 		errx(1, "%s `%s' is not a valid number.", desc, arg);
746 	switch (ep[0]) {
747 	case '\0':
748 	case 's': case 'S':
749 		if (num_suffix != NULL)
750 			*num_suffix = 0;
751 		break;
752 	case 'g': case 'G':
753 		shift += 10;
754 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
755 	case 'm': case 'M':
756 		shift += 10;
757 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
758 	case 'k': case 'K':
759 		shift += 10;
760 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
761 	case 'b': case 'B':
762 		if (num_suffix != NULL)
763 			*num_suffix = 1;
764 		break;
765 	default:
766 		errx(1, "`%s' is not a valid suffix for %s.", ep, desc);
767 	}
768 	result = r1 << shift;
769 	if (errno == ERANGE || result >> shift != r1)
770 		errx(1, "%s `%s' is too large to convert.", desc, arg);
771 	if (result < min)
772 		errx(1, "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is less than the minimum (%" PRId64 ").",
773 		    desc, arg, result, min);
774 	if (result > max)
775 		errx(1, "%s `%s' (%" PRId64 ") is greater than the maximum (%" PRId64 ").",
776 		    desc, arg, result, max);
777 	return result;
778 }
779 
780 #define	NEWFS		1
781 #define	MFS_MOUNT	2
782 #define	BOTH		NEWFS | MFS_MOUNT
783 
784 struct help_strings {
785 	int flags;
786 	const char *str;
787 } const help_strings[] = {
788 	{ NEWFS,	"-B byteorder\tbyte order (`be' or `le')" },
789 	{ NEWFS,	"-F \t\tcreate file system image in regular file" },
790 	{ NEWFS,	"-I \t\tdo not check that the file system type is '4.2BSD'" },
791 	{ BOTH,		"-N \t\tdo not create file system, just print out "
792 			    "parameters" },
793 	{ NEWFS,	"-O N\t\tfilesystem format: 0 ==> 4.3BSD, 1 ==> FFS, 2 ==> UFS2" },
794 	{ NEWFS,	"-S secsize\tsector size" },
795 #ifdef COMPAT
796 	{ NEWFS,	"-T disktype\tdisk type" },
797 #endif
798 	{ BOTH,		"-V verbose\toutput verbosity: 0 ==> none, 4 ==> max" },
799 	{ NEWFS,	"-Z \t\tpre-zero the image file" },
800 	{ BOTH,		"-a maxcontig\tmaximum contiguous blocks" },
801 	{ BOTH,		"-b bsize\tblock size" },
802 	{ BOTH,		"-d maxbsize\tmaximum extent size" },
803 	{ BOTH,		"-e maxbpg\tmaximum blocks per file in a cylinder group"
804 			    },
805 	{ BOTH,		"-f fsize\tfrag size" },
806 	{ NEWFS,	"-g avgfilesize\taverage file size" },
807 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-g groupname\tgroup name of mount point" },
808 	{ BOTH,		"-h avgfpdir\taverage files per directory" },
809 	{ BOTH,		"-i density\tnumber of bytes per inode" },
810 	{ BOTH,		"-m minfree\tminimum free space %%" },
811 	{ BOTH,		"-n inodes\tnumber of inodes (overrides -i density)" },
812 	{ BOTH,		"-o optim\toptimization preference (`space' or `time')"
813 			    },
814 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-p perm\t\tpermissions (in octal)" },
815 	{ BOTH,		"-s fssize\tfile system size (sectors)" },
816 	{ MFS_MOUNT,	"-u username\tuser name of mount point" },
817 	{ NEWFS,	"-v volname\tApple UFS volume name" },
818 	{ 0, NULL }
819 };
820 
821 static void
822 usage(void)
823 {
824 	int match;
825 	const struct help_strings *hs;
826 
827 	if (mfs) {
828 		fprintf(stderr,
829 		    "usage: %s [ fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
830 			getprogname());
831 	} else
832 		fprintf(stderr,
833 		    "usage: %s [ fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
834 		    getprogname(),
835 #ifdef COMPAT
836 		    " [disk-type]");
837 #else
838 		    "");
839 #endif
840 	fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
841 
842 	match = mfs ? MFS_MOUNT : NEWFS;
843 	for (hs = help_strings; hs->flags != 0; hs++)
844 		if (hs->flags & match)
845 			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", hs->str);
846 	exit(1);
847 }
848