xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/newfs/mkfs.c (revision fdecd6a253f999ae92b139670d9e15cc9df4497c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.26 1997/06/30 22:20:32 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
17  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
18  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21  *    without specific prior written permission.
22  *
23  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33  * SUCH DAMAGE.
34  */
35 
36 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
37 #ifndef lint
38 #if 0
39 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)mkfs.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 2/3/94";
40 #else
41 __RCSID("$NetBSD: mkfs.c,v 1.26 1997/06/30 22:20:32 christos Exp $");
42 #endif
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 
45 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/time.h>
47 #include <sys/wait.h>
48 #include <sys/resource.h>
49 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
50 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
51 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
52 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
53 
54 #include <string.h>
55 #include <unistd.h>
56 #include <stdlib.h>
57 #include <signal.h>
58 
59 #ifndef STANDALONE
60 #include <a.out.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #endif
63 #include <extern.h>
64 
65 
66 static void initcg __P((int, time_t));
67 static void fsinit __P((time_t));
68 static int makedir __P((struct direct *, int));
69 static daddr_t alloc __P((int, int));
70 static void iput __P((struct dinode *, ino_t));
71 static void started __P((int));
72 static void rdfs __P((daddr_t, int, void *));
73 static void wtfs __P((daddr_t, int, void *));
74 static int isblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
75 static void clrblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
76 static void setblock __P((struct fs *, unsigned char *, int));
77 /*
78  * make file system for cylinder-group style file systems
79  */
80 
81 /*
82  * We limit the size of the inode map to be no more than a
83  * third of the cylinder group space, since we must leave at
84  * least an equal amount of space for the block map.
85  *
86  * N.B.: MAXIPG must be a multiple of INOPB(fs).
87  */
88 #define MAXIPG(fs)	roundup((fs)->fs_bsize * NBBY / 3, INOPB(fs))
89 
90 #define UMASK		0755
91 #define MAXINOPB	(MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode))
92 #define POWEROF2(num)	(((num) & ((num) - 1)) == 0)
93 
94 /*
95  * variables set up by front end.
96  */
97 extern int	mfs;		/* run as the memory based filesystem */
98 extern int	Nflag;		/* run mkfs without writing file system */
99 extern int	Oflag;		/* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
100 extern int	fssize;		/* file system size */
101 extern int	ntracks;	/* # tracks/cylinder */
102 extern int	nsectors;	/* # sectors/track */
103 extern int	nphyssectors;	/* # sectors/track including spares */
104 extern int	secpercyl;	/* sectors per cylinder */
105 extern int	sectorsize;	/* bytes/sector */
106 extern int	rpm;		/* revolutions/minute of drive */
107 extern int	interleave;	/* hardware sector interleave */
108 extern int	trackskew;	/* sector 0 skew, per track */
109 extern int	headswitch;	/* head switch time, usec */
110 extern int	trackseek;	/* track-to-track seek, usec */
111 extern int	fsize;		/* fragment size */
112 extern int	bsize;		/* block size */
113 extern int	cpg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group */
114 extern int	cpgflg;		/* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
115 extern int	minfree;	/* free space threshold */
116 extern int	opt;		/* optimization preference (space or time) */
117 extern int	density;	/* number of bytes per inode */
118 extern int	maxcontig;	/* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
119 extern int	rotdelay;	/* rotational delay between blocks */
120 extern int	maxbpg;		/* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
121 extern int	nrpos;		/* # of distinguished rotational positions */
122 extern int	bbsize;		/* boot block size */
123 extern int	sbsize;		/* superblock size */
124 extern u_long	memleft;	/* virtual memory available */
125 extern caddr_t	membase;	/* start address of memory based filesystem */
126 
127 union {
128 	struct fs fs;
129 	char pad[SBSIZE];
130 } fsun;
131 #define	sblock	fsun.fs
132 struct	csum *fscs;
133 
134 union {
135 	struct cg cg;
136 	char pad[MAXBSIZE];
137 } cgun;
138 #define	acg	cgun.cg
139 
140 struct dinode zino[MAXBSIZE / sizeof(struct dinode)];
141 
142 int	fsi, fso;
143 
144 void
145 mkfs(pp, fsys, fi, fo)
146 	struct partition *pp;
147 	char *fsys;
148 	int fi, fo;
149 {
150 	long i, mincpc, mincpg, inospercg;
151 	long cylno, rpos, blk, j, warn = 0;
152 	long used, mincpgcnt, bpcg;
153 	long mapcramped, inodecramped;
154 	long postblsize, rotblsize, totalsbsize;
155 	int ppid = 0, status;
156 	time_t utime;
157 	quad_t sizepb;
158 
159 #ifndef STANDALONE
160 	time(&utime);
161 #endif
162 	if (mfs) {
163 		ppid = getpid();
164 		(void) signal(SIGUSR1, started);
165 		switch (i = fork()) {
166 		case -1:
167 			perror("mfs");
168 			exit(10);
169 		case 0:
170 			break;
171 		default:
172 			if (waitpid(i, &status, 0) != -1 && WIFEXITED(status))
173 				exit(WEXITSTATUS(status));
174 			exit(11);
175 			/* NOTREACHED */
176 		}
177 		(void)malloc(0);
178 		if (fssize * sectorsize > memleft)
179 			fssize = (memleft - 16384) / sectorsize;
180 		if ((membase = malloc(fssize * sectorsize)) == 0)
181 			exit(12);
182 	}
183 	fsi = fi;
184 	fso = fo;
185 	if (Oflag) {
186 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_42INODEFMT;
187 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = 0;
188 	} else {
189 		sblock.fs_inodefmt = FS_44INODEFMT;
190 		sblock.fs_maxsymlinklen = MAXSYMLINKLEN;
191 	}
192 	/*
193 	 * Validate the given file system size.
194 	 * Verify that its last block can actually be accessed.
195 	 */
196 	if (fssize <= 0)
197 		printf("preposterous size %d\n", fssize), exit(13);
198 	wtfs(fssize - 1, sectorsize, (char *)&sblock);
199 	/*
200 	 * collect and verify the sector and track info
201 	 */
202 	sblock.fs_nsect = nsectors;
203 	sblock.fs_ntrak = ntracks;
204 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak <= 0)
205 		printf("preposterous ntrak %d\n", sblock.fs_ntrak), exit(14);
206 	if (sblock.fs_nsect <= 0)
207 		printf("preposterous nsect %d\n", sblock.fs_nsect), exit(15);
208 	/*
209 	 * collect and verify the block and fragment sizes
210 	 */
211 	sblock.fs_bsize = bsize;
212 	sblock.fs_fsize = fsize;
213 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_bsize)) {
214 		printf("block size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
215 		    sblock.fs_bsize);
216 		exit(16);
217 	}
218 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_fsize)) {
219 		printf("fragment size must be a power of 2, not %d\n",
220 		    sblock.fs_fsize);
221 		exit(17);
222 	}
223 	if (sblock.fs_fsize < sectorsize) {
224 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
225 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sectorsize);
226 		exit(18);
227 	}
228 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < MINBSIZE) {
229 		printf("block size %d is too small, minimum is %d\n",
230 		    sblock.fs_bsize, MINBSIZE);
231 		exit(19);
232 	}
233 	if (sblock.fs_bsize < sblock.fs_fsize) {
234 		printf("block size (%d) cannot be smaller than fragment size (%d)\n",
235 		    sblock.fs_bsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
236 		exit(20);
237 	}
238 	sblock.fs_bmask = ~(sblock.fs_bsize - 1);
239 	sblock.fs_fmask = ~(sblock.fs_fsize - 1);
240 	sblock.fs_qbmask = ~sblock.fs_bmask;
241 	sblock.fs_qfmask = ~sblock.fs_fmask;
242 	for (sblock.fs_bshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_bsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
243 		sblock.fs_bshift++;
244 	for (sblock.fs_fshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_fsize; i > 1; i >>= 1)
245 		sblock.fs_fshift++;
246 	sblock.fs_frag = numfrags(&sblock, sblock.fs_bsize);
247 	for (sblock.fs_fragshift = 0, i = sblock.fs_frag; i > 1; i >>= 1)
248 		sblock.fs_fragshift++;
249 	if (sblock.fs_frag > MAXFRAG) {
250 		printf("fragment size %d is too small, minimum with block size %d is %d\n",
251 		    sblock.fs_fsize, sblock.fs_bsize,
252 		    sblock.fs_bsize / MAXFRAG);
253 		exit(21);
254 	}
255 	sblock.fs_nrpos = nrpos;
256 	sblock.fs_nindir = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(daddr_t);
257 	sblock.fs_inopb = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct dinode);
258 	sblock.fs_nspf = sblock.fs_fsize / sectorsize;
259 	for (sblock.fs_fsbtodb = 0, i = NSPF(&sblock); i > 1; i >>= 1)
260 		sblock.fs_fsbtodb++;
261 	sblock.fs_sblkno =
262 	    roundup(howmany(bbsize + sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag);
263 	sblock.fs_cblkno = (daddr_t)(sblock.fs_sblkno +
264 	    roundup(howmany(sbsize, sblock.fs_fsize), sblock.fs_frag));
265 	sblock.fs_iblkno = sblock.fs_cblkno + sblock.fs_frag;
266 	sblock.fs_cgoffset = roundup(
267 	    howmany(sblock.fs_nsect, NSPF(&sblock)), sblock.fs_frag);
268 	for (sblock.fs_cgmask = 0xffffffff, i = sblock.fs_ntrak; i > 1; i >>= 1)
269 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
270 	if (!POWEROF2(sblock.fs_ntrak))
271 		sblock.fs_cgmask <<= 1;
272 	sblock.fs_maxfilesize = sblock.fs_bsize * NDADDR - 1;
273 	for (sizepb = sblock.fs_bsize, i = 0; i < NIADDR; i++) {
274 		sizepb *= NINDIR(&sblock);
275 		sblock.fs_maxfilesize += sizepb;
276 	}
277 	/*
278 	 * Validate specified/determined secpercyl
279 	 * and calculate minimum cylinders per group.
280 	 */
281 	sblock.fs_spc = secpercyl;
282 	for (sblock.fs_cpc = NSPB(&sblock), i = sblock.fs_spc;
283 	     sblock.fs_cpc > 1 && (i & 1) == 0;
284 	     sblock.fs_cpc >>= 1, i >>= 1)
285 		/* void */;
286 	mincpc = sblock.fs_cpc;
287 	bpcg = sblock.fs_spc * sectorsize;
288 	inospercg = roundup(bpcg / sizeof(struct dinode), INOPB(&sblock));
289 	if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock))
290 		inospercg = MAXIPG(&sblock);
291 	used = (sblock.fs_iblkno + inospercg / INOPF(&sblock)) * NSPF(&sblock);
292 	mincpgcnt = howmany(sblock.fs_cgoffset * (~sblock.fs_cgmask) + used,
293 	    sblock.fs_spc);
294 	mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
295 	/*
296 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space
297 	 * for block maps.
298 	 */
299 	sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
300 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
301 	if (maxcontig > 1)
302 		sblock.fs_contigsumsize = MIN(maxcontig, FS_MAXCONTIG);
303 	mapcramped = 0;
304 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
305 		mapcramped = 1;
306 		if (sblock.fs_bsize < MAXBSIZE) {
307 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
308 			if ((i & 1) == 0) {
309 				i >>= 1;
310 			} else {
311 				sblock.fs_cpc <<= 1;
312 				mincpc <<= 1;
313 				mincpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
314 				sblock.fs_cpg = mincpg;
315 			}
316 			sblock.fs_frag <<= 1;
317 			sblock.fs_fragshift += 1;
318 			if (sblock.fs_frag <= MAXFRAG)
319 				continue;
320 		}
321 		if (sblock.fs_fsize == sblock.fs_bsize) {
322 			printf("There is no block size that");
323 			printf(" can support this disk\n");
324 			exit(22);
325 		}
326 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
327 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
328 		sblock.fs_fsize <<= 1;
329 		sblock.fs_nspf <<= 1;
330 	}
331 	/*
332 	 * Ensure that cylinder group with mincpg has enough space for inodes.
333 	 */
334 	inodecramped = 0;
335 	used *= sectorsize;
336 	inospercg = roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
337 	sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
338 	while (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
339 		inodecramped = 1;
340 		if (mincpc == 1 || sblock.fs_frag == 1 ||
341 		    sblock.fs_bsize == MINBSIZE)
342 			break;
343 		printf("With a block size of %d %s %ld\n", sblock.fs_bsize,
344 		    "minimum bytes per inode is",
345 		    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
346 		sblock.fs_bsize >>= 1;
347 		sblock.fs_frag >>= 1;
348 		sblock.fs_fragshift -= 1;
349 		mincpc >>= 1;
350 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(mincpgcnt, mincpc);
351 		if (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
352 			sblock.fs_bsize <<= 1;
353 			break;
354 		}
355 		mincpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
356 		inospercg =
357 		    roundup((mincpg * bpcg - used) / density, INOPB(&sblock));
358 		sblock.fs_ipg = inospercg;
359 	}
360 	if (inodecramped) {
361 		if (inospercg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
362 			printf("Minimum bytes per inode is %ld\n",
363 			    (mincpg * bpcg - used) / MAXIPG(&sblock) + 1);
364 		} else if (!mapcramped) {
365 			printf("With %d bytes per inode, ", density);
366 			printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
367 		}
368 	}
369 	if (mapcramped) {
370 		printf("With %d sectors per cylinder, ", sblock.fs_spc);
371 		printf("minimum cylinders per group is %ld\n", mincpg);
372 	}
373 	if (inodecramped || mapcramped) {
374 		if (sblock.fs_bsize != bsize)
375 			printf("%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
376 			    "This requires the block size",
377 			    bsize, sblock.fs_bsize);
378 		if (sblock.fs_fsize != fsize)
379 			printf("\t%s to be changed from %d to %d\n",
380 			    "and the fragment size",
381 			    fsize, sblock.fs_fsize);
382 		exit(23);
383 	}
384 	/*
385 	 * Calculate the number of cylinders per group
386 	 */
387 	sblock.fs_cpg = cpg;
388 	if (sblock.fs_cpg % mincpc != 0) {
389 		printf("%s groups must have a multiple of %ld cylinders\n",
390 			cpgflg ? "Cylinder" : "Warning: cylinder", mincpc);
391 		sblock.fs_cpg = roundup(sblock.fs_cpg, mincpc);
392 		if (!cpgflg)
393 			cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
394 	}
395 	/*
396 	 * Must ensure there is enough space for inodes.
397 	 */
398 	sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
399 		INOPB(&sblock));
400 	while (sblock.fs_ipg > MAXIPG(&sblock)) {
401 		inodecramped = 1;
402 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
403 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
404 			INOPB(&sblock));
405 	}
406 	/*
407 	 * Must ensure there is enough space to hold block map.
408 	 */
409 	while (CGSIZE(&sblock) > sblock.fs_bsize) {
410 		mapcramped = 1;
411 		sblock.fs_cpg -= mincpc;
412 		sblock.fs_ipg = roundup((sblock.fs_cpg * bpcg - used) / density,
413 			INOPB(&sblock));
414 	}
415 	sblock.fs_fpg = (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) / NSPF(&sblock);
416 	if ((sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc) % NSPB(&sblock) != 0) {
417 		printf("panic (fs_cpg * fs_spc) %% NSPF != 0");
418 		exit(24);
419 	}
420 	if (sblock.fs_cpg < mincpg) {
421 		printf("cylinder groups must have at least %ld cylinders\n",
422 			mincpg);
423 		exit(25);
424 	} else if (sblock.fs_cpg != cpg) {
425 		if (!cpgflg)
426 			printf("Warning: ");
427 		else if (!mapcramped && !inodecramped)
428 			exit(26);
429 		if (mapcramped && inodecramped)
430 			printf("Block size and bytes per inode restrict");
431 		else if (mapcramped)
432 			printf("Block size restricts");
433 		else
434 			printf("Bytes per inode restrict");
435 		printf(" cylinders per group to %d.\n", sblock.fs_cpg);
436 		if (cpgflg)
437 			exit(27);
438 	}
439 	sblock.fs_cgsize = fragroundup(&sblock, CGSIZE(&sblock));
440 	/*
441 	 * Now have size for file system and nsect and ntrak.
442 	 * Determine number of cylinders and blocks in the file system.
443 	 */
444 	sblock.fs_size = fssize = dbtofsb(&sblock, fssize);
445 	sblock.fs_ncyl = fssize * NSPF(&sblock) / sblock.fs_spc;
446 	if (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) > sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc) {
447 		sblock.fs_ncyl++;
448 		warn = 1;
449 	}
450 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl < 1) {
451 		printf("file systems must have at least one cylinder\n");
452 		exit(28);
453 	}
454 	/*
455 	 * Determine feasability/values of rotational layout tables.
456 	 *
457 	 * The size of the rotational layout tables is limited by the
458 	 * size of the superblock, SBSIZE. The amount of space available
459 	 * for tables is calculated as (SBSIZE - sizeof (struct fs)).
460 	 * The size of these tables is inversely proportional to the block
461 	 * size of the file system. The size increases if sectors per track
462 	 * are not powers of two, because more cylinders must be described
463 	 * by the tables before the rotational pattern repeats (fs_cpc).
464 	 */
465 	sblock.fs_interleave = interleave;
466 	sblock.fs_trackskew = trackskew;
467 	sblock.fs_npsect = nphyssectors;
468 	sblock.fs_postblformat = FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT;
469 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, sizeof(struct fs));
470 	if (sblock.fs_ntrak == 1) {
471 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
472 		goto next;
473 	}
474 	postblsize = sblock.fs_nrpos * sblock.fs_cpc * sizeof(int16_t);
475 	rotblsize = sblock.fs_cpc * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock);
476 	totalsbsize = sizeof(struct fs) + rotblsize;
477 	if (sblock.fs_nrpos == 8 && sblock.fs_cpc <= 16) {
478 		/* use old static table space */
479 		sblock.fs_postbloff = (char *)(&sblock.fs_opostbl[0][0]) -
480 		    (char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
481 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
482 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
483 	} else {
484 		/* use dynamic table space */
485 		sblock.fs_postbloff = &sblock.fs_space[0] -
486 		    (u_char *)(&sblock.fs_firstfield);
487 		sblock.fs_rotbloff = sblock.fs_postbloff + postblsize;
488 		totalsbsize += postblsize;
489 	}
490 	if (totalsbsize > SBSIZE ||
491 	    sblock.fs_nsect > (1 << NBBY) * NSPB(&sblock)) {
492 		printf("%s %s %d %s %d.%s",
493 		    "Warning: insufficient space in super block for\n",
494 		    "rotational layout tables with nsect", sblock.fs_nsect,
495 		    "and ntrak", sblock.fs_ntrak,
496 		    "\nFile system performance may be impaired.\n");
497 		sblock.fs_cpc = 0;
498 		goto next;
499 	}
500 	sblock.fs_sbsize = fragroundup(&sblock, totalsbsize);
501 	/*
502 	 * calculate the available blocks for each rotational position
503 	 */
504 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_cpc; cylno++)
505 		for (rpos = 0; rpos < sblock.fs_nrpos; rpos++)
506 			fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = -1;
507 	for (i = (rotblsize - 1) * sblock.fs_frag;
508 	     i >= 0; i -= sblock.fs_frag) {
509 		cylno = cbtocylno(&sblock, i);
510 		rpos = cbtorpos(&sblock, i);
511 		blk = fragstoblks(&sblock, i);
512 		if (fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] == -1)
513 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] = 0;
514 		else
515 			fs_rotbl(&sblock)[blk] =
516 			    fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] - blk;
517 		fs_postbl(&sblock, cylno)[rpos] = blk;
518 	}
519 next:
520 	/*
521 	 * Compute/validate number of cylinder groups.
522 	 */
523 	sblock.fs_ncg = sblock.fs_ncyl / sblock.fs_cpg;
524 	if (sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg)
525 		sblock.fs_ncg++;
526 	sblock.fs_dblkno = sblock.fs_iblkno + sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock);
527 	i = MIN(~sblock.fs_cgmask, sblock.fs_ncg - 1);
528 	if (cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) >= sblock.fs_fpg) {
529 		printf("inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%d)\n",
530 		    cgdmin(&sblock, i) - cgbase(&sblock, i) / sblock.fs_frag,
531 		    sblock.fs_fpg / sblock.fs_frag);
532 		printf("number of cylinders per cylinder group (%d) %s.\n",
533 		    sblock.fs_cpg, "must be increased");
534 		exit(29);
535 	}
536 	j = sblock.fs_ncg - 1;
537 	if ((i = fssize - j * sblock.fs_fpg) < sblock.fs_fpg &&
538 	    cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j) > i) {
539 		if (j == 0) {
540 			printf("Filesystem must have at least %d sectors\n",
541 			    NSPF(&sblock) *
542 			    (cgdmin(&sblock, 0) + 3 * sblock.fs_frag));
543 			exit(30);
544 		}
545 		printf("Warning: inode blocks/cyl group (%ld) >= data blocks (%ld) in last\n",
546 		    (cgdmin(&sblock, j) - cgbase(&sblock, j)) / sblock.fs_frag,
547 		    i / sblock.fs_frag);
548 		printf("    cylinder group. This implies %ld sector(s) cannot be allocated.\n",
549 		    i * NSPF(&sblock));
550 		sblock.fs_ncg--;
551 		sblock.fs_ncyl -= sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
552 		sblock.fs_size = fssize = sblock.fs_ncyl * sblock.fs_spc /
553 		    NSPF(&sblock);
554 		warn = 0;
555 	}
556 	if (warn && !mfs) {
557 		printf("Warning: %d sector(s) in last cylinder unallocated\n",
558 		    sblock.fs_spc -
559 		    (fssize * NSPF(&sblock) - (sblock.fs_ncyl - 1)
560 		    * sblock.fs_spc));
561 	}
562 	/*
563 	 * fill in remaining fields of the super block
564 	 */
565 	sblock.fs_csaddr = cgdmin(&sblock, 0);
566 	sblock.fs_cssize =
567 	    fragroundup(&sblock, sblock.fs_ncg * sizeof(struct csum));
568 	i = sblock.fs_bsize / sizeof(struct csum);
569 	sblock.fs_csmask = ~(i - 1);
570 	for (sblock.fs_csshift = 0; i > 1; i >>= 1)
571 		sblock.fs_csshift++;
572 	fscs = (struct csum *)calloc(1, sblock.fs_cssize);
573 	sblock.fs_magic = FS_MAGIC;
574 	sblock.fs_rotdelay = rotdelay;
575 	sblock.fs_minfree = minfree;
576 	sblock.fs_maxcontig = maxcontig;
577 	sblock.fs_headswitch = headswitch;
578 	sblock.fs_trkseek = trackseek;
579 	sblock.fs_maxbpg = maxbpg;
580 	sblock.fs_rps = rpm / 60;
581 	sblock.fs_optim = opt;
582 	sblock.fs_cgrotor = 0;
583 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir = 0;
584 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree = 0;
585 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree = 0;
586 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree = 0;
587 	sblock.fs_fmod = 0;
588 	sblock.fs_clean = FS_ISCLEAN;
589 	sblock.fs_ronly = 0;
590 	/*
591 	 * Dump out summary information about file system.
592 	 */
593 	if (!mfs) {
594 		printf("%s:\t%d sectors in %d %s of %d tracks, %d sectors\n",
595 		    fsys, sblock.fs_size * NSPF(&sblock), sblock.fs_ncyl,
596 		    "cylinders", sblock.fs_ntrak, sblock.fs_nsect);
597 #define B2MBFACTOR (1 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
598 		printf("\t%.1fMB in %d cyl groups (%d c/g, %.2fMB/g, %d i/g)\n",
599 		    (float)sblock.fs_size * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
600 		    sblock.fs_ncg, sblock.fs_cpg,
601 		    (float)sblock.fs_fpg * sblock.fs_fsize * B2MBFACTOR,
602 		    sblock.fs_ipg);
603 #undef B2MBFACTOR
604 	}
605 	/*
606 	 * Now build the cylinders group blocks and
607 	 * then print out indices of cylinder groups.
608 	 */
609 	if (!mfs)
610 		printf("super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at:");
611 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++) {
612 		initcg(cylno, utime);
613 		if (mfs)
614 			continue;
615 		if (cylno % 8 == 0)
616 			printf("\n");
617 		printf(" %ld,", fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)));
618 		fflush(stdout);
619 	}
620 	if (!mfs)
621 		printf("\n");
622 	if (Nflag && !mfs)
623 		exit(0);
624 	/*
625 	 * Now construct the initial file system,
626 	 * then write out the super-block.
627 	 */
628 	fsinit(utime);
629 	sblock.fs_time = utime;
630 	wtfs((int)SBOFF / sectorsize, sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
631 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_cssize; i += sblock.fs_bsize)
632 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, sblock.fs_csaddr + numfrags(&sblock, i)),
633 			sblock.fs_cssize - i < sblock.fs_bsize ?
634 			    sblock.fs_cssize - i : sblock.fs_bsize,
635 			((char *)fscs) + i);
636 	/*
637 	 * Write out the duplicate super blocks
638 	 */
639 	for (cylno = 0; cylno < sblock.fs_ncg; cylno++)
640 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgsblock(&sblock, cylno)),
641 		    sbsize, (char *)&sblock);
642 	/*
643 	 * Update information about this partion in pack
644 	 * label, to that it may be updated on disk.
645 	 */
646 	pp->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS;
647 	pp->p_fsize = sblock.fs_fsize;
648 	pp->p_frag = sblock.fs_frag;
649 	pp->p_cpg = sblock.fs_cpg;
650 	/*
651 	 * Notify parent process of success.
652 	 * Dissociate from session and tty.
653 	 */
654 	if (mfs) {
655 		kill(ppid, SIGUSR1);
656 		(void) setsid();
657 		(void) close(0);
658 		(void) close(1);
659 		(void) close(2);
660 		(void) chdir("/");
661 	}
662 }
663 
664 /*
665  * Initialize a cylinder group.
666  */
667 void
668 initcg(cylno, utime)
669 	int cylno;
670 	time_t utime;
671 {
672 	daddr_t cbase, d, dlower, dupper, dmax, blkno;
673 	long i;
674 	struct csum *cs;
675 
676 	/*
677 	 * Determine block bounds for cylinder group.
678 	 * Allow space for super block summary information in first
679 	 * cylinder group.
680 	 */
681 	cbase = cgbase(&sblock, cylno);
682 	dmax = cbase + sblock.fs_fpg;
683 	if (dmax > sblock.fs_size)
684 		dmax = sblock.fs_size;
685 	dlower = cgsblock(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
686 	dupper = cgdmin(&sblock, cylno) - cbase;
687 	if (cylno == 0)
688 		dupper += howmany(sblock.fs_cssize, sblock.fs_fsize);
689 	cs = fscs + cylno;
690 	memset(&acg, 0, sblock.fs_cgsize);
691 	acg.cg_time = utime;
692 	acg.cg_magic = CG_MAGIC;
693 	acg.cg_cgx = cylno;
694 	if (cylno == sblock.fs_ncg - 1)
695 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_ncyl % sblock.fs_cpg;
696 	else
697 		acg.cg_ncyl = sblock.fs_cpg;
698 	acg.cg_niblk = sblock.fs_ipg;
699 	acg.cg_ndblk = dmax - cbase;
700 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
701 		acg.cg_nclusterblks = acg.cg_ndblk / sblock.fs_frag;
702 	acg.cg_btotoff = &acg.cg_space[0] - (u_char *)(&acg.cg_firstfield);
703 	acg.cg_boff = acg.cg_btotoff + sblock.fs_cpg * sizeof(int32_t);
704 	acg.cg_iusedoff = acg.cg_boff +
705 		sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_nrpos * sizeof(int16_t);
706 	acg.cg_freeoff = acg.cg_iusedoff + howmany(sblock.fs_ipg, NBBY);
707 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize <= 0) {
708 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_freeoff +
709 		   howmany(sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY);
710 	} else {
711 		acg.cg_clustersumoff = acg.cg_freeoff + howmany
712 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPF(&sblock), NBBY) -
713 		    sizeof(int32_t);
714 		acg.cg_clustersumoff =
715 		    roundup(acg.cg_clustersumoff, sizeof(int32_t));
716 		acg.cg_clusteroff = acg.cg_clustersumoff +
717 		    (sblock.fs_contigsumsize + 1) * sizeof(int32_t);
718 		acg.cg_nextfreeoff = acg.cg_clusteroff + howmany
719 		    (sblock.fs_cpg * sblock.fs_spc / NSPB(&sblock), NBBY);
720 	}
721 	if (acg.cg_nextfreeoff - (long)(&acg.cg_firstfield) > sblock.fs_cgsize) {
722 		printf("Panic: cylinder group too big\n");
723 		exit(37);
724 	}
725 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree += sblock.fs_ipg;
726 	if (cylno == 0)
727 		for (i = 0; i < ROOTINO; i++) {
728 			setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), i);
729 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
730 		}
731 	for (i = 0; i < sblock.fs_ipg / INOPF(&sblock); i += sblock.fs_frag)
732 		wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgimin(&sblock, cylno) + i),
733 		    sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)zino);
734 	if (cylno > 0) {
735 		/*
736 		 * In cylno 0, beginning space is reserved
737 		 * for boot and super blocks.
738 		 */
739 		for (d = 0; d < dlower; d += sblock.fs_frag) {
740 			blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
741 			setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
742 			if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
743 				setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
744 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
745 			cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
746 			cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
747 			    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
748 		}
749 		sblock.fs_dsize += dlower;
750 	}
751 	sblock.fs_dsize += acg.cg_ndblk - dupper;
752 	if ((i = (dupper % sblock.fs_frag)) != 0) {
753 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - i]++;
754 		for (d = dupper + sblock.fs_frag - i; dupper < d; dupper++) {
755 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), dupper);
756 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
757 		}
758 	}
759 	for (d = dupper; d + sblock.fs_frag <= dmax - cbase; ) {
760 		blkno = d / sblock.fs_frag;
761 		setblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
762 		if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
763 			setbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
764 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree++;
765 		cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]++;
766 		cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))
767 		    [cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]++;
768 		d += sblock.fs_frag;
769 	}
770 	if (d < dmax - cbase) {
771 		acg.cg_frsum[dmax - cbase - d]++;
772 		for (; d < dmax - cbase; d++) {
773 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d);
774 			acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree++;
775 		}
776 	}
777 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0) {
778 		int32_t *sump = cg_clustersum(&acg);
779 		u_char *mapp = cg_clustersfree(&acg);
780 		int map = *mapp++;
781 		int bit = 1;
782 		int run = 0;
783 
784 		for (i = 0; i < acg.cg_nclusterblks; i++) {
785 			if ((map & bit) != 0) {
786 				run++;
787 			} else if (run != 0) {
788 				if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
789 					run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
790 				sump[run]++;
791 				run = 0;
792 			}
793 			if ((i & (NBBY - 1)) != (NBBY - 1)) {
794 				bit <<= 1;
795 			} else {
796 				map = *mapp++;
797 				bit = 1;
798 			}
799 		}
800 		if (run != 0) {
801 			if (run > sblock.fs_contigsumsize)
802 				run = sblock.fs_contigsumsize;
803 			sump[run]++;
804 		}
805 	}
806 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir += acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir;
807 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree;
808 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree;
809 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree += acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree;
810 	*cs = acg.cg_cs;
811 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, cylno)),
812 		sblock.fs_bsize, (char *)&acg);
813 }
814 
815 /*
816  * initialize the file system
817  */
818 struct dinode node;
819 
820 #ifdef LOSTDIR
821 #define PREDEFDIR 3
822 #else
823 #define PREDEFDIR 2
824 #endif
825 
826 struct direct root_dir[] = {
827 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
828 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
829 #ifdef LOSTDIR
830 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 10, "lost+found" },
831 #endif
832 };
833 struct odirect {
834 	u_int32_t d_ino;
835 	u_int16_t d_reclen;
836 	u_int16_t d_namlen;
837 	u_char	d_name[MAXNAMLEN + 1];
838 } oroot_dir[] = {
839 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
840 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
841 #ifdef LOSTDIR
842 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 10, "lost+found" },
843 #endif
844 };
845 #ifdef LOSTDIR
846 struct direct lost_found_dir[] = {
847 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 1, "." },
848 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), DT_DIR, 2, ".." },
849 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0, 0 },
850 };
851 struct odirect olost_found_dir[] = {
852 	{ LOSTFOUNDINO, sizeof(struct direct), 1, "." },
853 	{ ROOTINO, sizeof(struct direct), 2, ".." },
854 	{ 0, DIRBLKSIZ, 0, 0 },
855 };
856 #endif
857 char buf[MAXBSIZE];
858 
859 void
860 fsinit(utime)
861 	time_t utime;
862 {
863 #ifdef LOSTDIR
864 	int i;
865 #endif
866 
867 	/*
868 	 * initialize the node
869 	 */
870 	node.di_atime = utime;
871 	node.di_mtime = utime;
872 	node.di_ctime = utime;
873 #ifdef LOSTDIR
874 	/*
875 	 * create the lost+found directory
876 	 */
877 	if (Oflag) {
878 		(void)makedir((struct direct *)olost_found_dir, 2);
879 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
880 			memcpy(&buf[i], &olost_found_dir[2],
881 			    DIRSIZ(0, &olost_found_dir[2]));
882 	} else {
883 		(void)makedir(lost_found_dir, 2);
884 		for (i = DIRBLKSIZ; i < sblock.fs_bsize; i += DIRBLKSIZ)
885 			memcpy(&buf[i], &lost_found_dir[2],
886 			    DIRSIZ(0, &lost_found_dir[2]));
887 	}
888 	node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
889 	node.di_nlink = 2;
890 	node.di_size = sblock.fs_bsize;
891 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(node.di_size, node.di_mode);
892 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
893 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), node.di_size, buf);
894 	iput(&node, LOSTFOUNDINO);
895 #endif
896 	/*
897 	 * create the root directory
898 	 */
899 	if (mfs)
900 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | 01777;
901 	else
902 		node.di_mode = IFDIR | UMASK;
903 	node.di_nlink = PREDEFDIR;
904 	if (Oflag)
905 		node.di_size = makedir((struct direct *)oroot_dir, PREDEFDIR);
906 	else
907 		node.di_size = makedir(root_dir, PREDEFDIR);
908 	node.di_db[0] = alloc(sblock.fs_fsize, node.di_mode);
909 	node.di_blocks = btodb(fragroundup(&sblock, node.di_size));
910 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, node.di_db[0]), sblock.fs_fsize, buf);
911 	iput(&node, ROOTINO);
912 }
913 
914 /*
915  * construct a set of directory entries in "buf".
916  * return size of directory.
917  */
918 int
919 makedir(protodir, entries)
920 	struct direct *protodir;
921 	int entries;
922 {
923 	char *cp;
924 	int i, spcleft;
925 
926 	spcleft = DIRBLKSIZ;
927 	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < entries - 1; i++) {
928 		protodir[i].d_reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]);
929 		memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], protodir[i].d_reclen);
930 		cp += protodir[i].d_reclen;
931 		spcleft -= protodir[i].d_reclen;
932 	}
933 	protodir[i].d_reclen = spcleft;
934 	memcpy(cp, &protodir[i], DIRSIZ(0, &protodir[i]));
935 	return (DIRBLKSIZ);
936 }
937 
938 /*
939  * allocate a block or frag
940  */
941 daddr_t
942 alloc(size, mode)
943 	int size;
944 	int mode;
945 {
946 	int i, frag;
947 	daddr_t d, blkno;
948 
949 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
950 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
951 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
952 		return (0);
953 	}
954 	if (acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree == 0) {
955 		printf("first cylinder group ran out of space\n");
956 		return (0);
957 	}
958 	for (d = 0; d < acg.cg_ndblk; d += sblock.fs_frag)
959 		if (isblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), d / sblock.fs_frag))
960 			goto goth;
961 	printf("internal error: can't find block in cyl 0\n");
962 	return (0);
963 goth:
964 	blkno = fragstoblks(&sblock, d);
965 	clrblock(&sblock, cg_blksfree(&acg), blkno);
966 	if (sblock.fs_contigsumsize > 0)
967 		clrbit(cg_clustersfree(&acg), blkno);
968 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nbfree--;
969 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree--;
970 	fscs[0].cs_nbfree--;
971 	if (mode & IFDIR) {
972 		acg.cg_cs.cs_ndir++;
973 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
974 		fscs[0].cs_ndir++;
975 	}
976 	cg_blktot(&acg)[cbtocylno(&sblock, d)]--;
977 	cg_blks(&sblock, &acg, cbtocylno(&sblock, d))[cbtorpos(&sblock, d)]--;
978 	if (size != sblock.fs_bsize) {
979 		frag = howmany(size, sblock.fs_fsize);
980 		fscs[0].cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
981 		sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
982 		acg.cg_cs.cs_nffree += sblock.fs_frag - frag;
983 		acg.cg_frsum[sblock.fs_frag - frag]++;
984 		for (i = frag; i < sblock.fs_frag; i++)
985 			setbit(cg_blksfree(&acg), d + i);
986 	}
987 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
988 	    (char *)&acg);
989 	return (d);
990 }
991 
992 /*
993  * Allocate an inode on the disk
994  */
995 static void
996 iput(ip, ino)
997 	struct dinode *ip;
998 	ino_t ino;
999 {
1000 	struct dinode buf[MAXINOPB];
1001 	daddr_t d;
1002 	int c;
1003 
1004 	c = ino_to_cg(&sblock, ino);
1005 	rdfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize, &acg);
1006 	if (acg.cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) {
1007 		printf("cg 0: bad magic number\n");
1008 		exit(31);
1009 	}
1010 	acg.cg_cs.cs_nifree--;
1011 	setbit(cg_inosused(&acg), ino);
1012 	wtfs(fsbtodb(&sblock, cgtod(&sblock, 0)), sblock.fs_cgsize,
1013 	    (char *)&acg);
1014 	sblock.fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
1015 	fscs[0].cs_nifree--;
1016 	if (ino >= sblock.fs_ipg * sblock.fs_ncg) {
1017 		printf("fsinit: inode value out of range (%d).\n", ino);
1018 		exit(32);
1019 	}
1020 	d = fsbtodb(&sblock, ino_to_fsba(&sblock, ino));
1021 	rdfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1022 	buf[ino_to_fsbo(&sblock, ino)] = *ip;
1023 	wtfs(d, sblock.fs_bsize, buf);
1024 }
1025 
1026 /*
1027  * Notify parent process that the filesystem has created itself successfully.
1028  */
1029 void
1030 started(n)
1031 	int n;
1032 {
1033 
1034 	exit(0);
1035 }
1036 
1037 /*
1038  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1039  */
1040 void *
1041 malloc(size)
1042 	size_t size;
1043 {
1044 	char *base, *i;
1045 	static u_long pgsz;
1046 	struct rlimit rlp;
1047 
1048 	if (pgsz == 0) {
1049 		base = sbrk(0);
1050 		pgsz = getpagesize() - 1;
1051 		i = (char *)((u_long)(base + pgsz) &~ pgsz);
1052 		base = sbrk(i - base);
1053 		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1054 			perror("getrlimit");
1055 		rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
1056 		if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlp) < 0)
1057 			perror("setrlimit");
1058 		memleft = rlp.rlim_max - (u_long)base;
1059 	}
1060 	size = (size + pgsz) &~ pgsz;
1061 	if (size > memleft)
1062 		size = memleft;
1063 	memleft -= size;
1064 	if (size == 0)
1065 		return (0);
1066 	return ((caddr_t)sbrk(size));
1067 }
1068 
1069 /*
1070  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1071  */
1072 void *
1073 realloc(ptr, size)
1074 	void *ptr;
1075 	size_t size;
1076 {
1077 	void *p;
1078 
1079 	if ((p = malloc(size)) == NULL)
1080 		return (NULL);
1081 	memcpy(p, ptr, size);
1082 	free(ptr);
1083 	return (p);
1084 }
1085 
1086 /*
1087  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1088  */
1089 void *
1090 calloc(size, numelm)
1091 	size_t size, numelm;
1092 {
1093 	void *base;
1094 
1095 	size *= numelm;
1096 	base = malloc(size);
1097 	memset(base, 0, size);
1098 	return base;
1099 }
1100 
1101 /*
1102  * Replace libc function with one suited to our needs.
1103  */
1104 void
1105 free(ptr)
1106 	void *ptr;
1107 {
1108 
1109 	/* do not worry about it for now */
1110 }
1111 
1112 /*
1113  * read a block from the file system
1114  */
1115 void
1116 rdfs(bno, size, bf)
1117 	daddr_t bno;
1118 	int size;
1119 	void *bf;
1120 {
1121 	int n;
1122 	off_t offset;
1123 
1124 	if (mfs) {
1125 		memcpy(bf, membase + bno * sectorsize, size);
1126 		return;
1127 	}
1128 	offset = bno;
1129 	offset *= sectorsize;
1130 	if (lseek(fsi, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1131 		printf("seek error: %d\n", bno);
1132 		perror("rdfs");
1133 		exit(33);
1134 	}
1135 	n = read(fsi, bf, size);
1136 	if (n != size) {
1137 		printf("read error: %d\n", bno);
1138 		perror("rdfs");
1139 		exit(34);
1140 	}
1141 }
1142 
1143 /*
1144  * write a block to the file system
1145  */
1146 void
1147 wtfs(bno, size, bf)
1148 	daddr_t bno;
1149 	int size;
1150 	void *bf;
1151 {
1152 	int n;
1153 	off_t offset;
1154 
1155 	if (mfs) {
1156 		memcpy(membase + bno * sectorsize, bf, size);
1157 		return;
1158 	}
1159 	if (Nflag)
1160 		return;
1161 	offset = bno;
1162 	offset *= sectorsize;
1163 	if (lseek(fso, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1164 		printf("seek error: %d\n", bno);
1165 		perror("wtfs");
1166 		exit(35);
1167 	}
1168 	n = write(fso, bf, size);
1169 	if (n != size) {
1170 		printf("write error: %d\n", bno);
1171 		perror("wtfs");
1172 		exit(36);
1173 	}
1174 }
1175 
1176 /*
1177  * check if a block is available
1178  */
1179 int
1180 isblock(fs, cp, h)
1181 	struct fs *fs;
1182 	unsigned char *cp;
1183 	int h;
1184 {
1185 	unsigned char mask;
1186 
1187 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1188 	case 8:
1189 		return (cp[h] == 0xff);
1190 	case 4:
1191 		mask = 0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2);
1192 		return ((cp[h >> 1] & mask) == mask);
1193 	case 2:
1194 		mask = 0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1);
1195 		return ((cp[h >> 2] & mask) == mask);
1196 	case 1:
1197 		mask = 0x01 << (h & 0x7);
1198 		return ((cp[h >> 3] & mask) == mask);
1199 	default:
1200 #ifdef STANDALONE
1201 		printf("isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1202 #else
1203 		fprintf(stderr, "isblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1204 #endif
1205 		return (0);
1206 	}
1207 }
1208 
1209 /*
1210  * take a block out of the map
1211  */
1212 void
1213 clrblock(fs, cp, h)
1214 	struct fs *fs;
1215 	unsigned char *cp;
1216 	int h;
1217 {
1218 	switch ((fs)->fs_frag) {
1219 	case 8:
1220 		cp[h] = 0;
1221 		return;
1222 	case 4:
1223 		cp[h >> 1] &= ~(0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1224 		return;
1225 	case 2:
1226 		cp[h >> 2] &= ~(0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1227 		return;
1228 	case 1:
1229 		cp[h >> 3] &= ~(0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1230 		return;
1231 	default:
1232 #ifdef STANDALONE
1233 		printf("clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1234 #else
1235 		fprintf(stderr, "clrblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1236 #endif
1237 		return;
1238 	}
1239 }
1240 
1241 /*
1242  * put a block into the map
1243  */
1244 void
1245 setblock(fs, cp, h)
1246 	struct fs *fs;
1247 	unsigned char *cp;
1248 	int h;
1249 {
1250 	switch (fs->fs_frag) {
1251 	case 8:
1252 		cp[h] = 0xff;
1253 		return;
1254 	case 4:
1255 		cp[h >> 1] |= (0x0f << ((h & 0x1) << 2));
1256 		return;
1257 	case 2:
1258 		cp[h >> 2] |= (0x03 << ((h & 0x3) << 1));
1259 		return;
1260 	case 1:
1261 		cp[h >> 3] |= (0x01 << (h & 0x7));
1262 		return;
1263 	default:
1264 #ifdef STANDALONE
1265 		printf("setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1266 #else
1267 		fprintf(stderr, "setblock bad fs_frag %d\n", fs->fs_frag);
1268 #endif
1269 		return;
1270 	}
1271 }
1272