xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/init/init.c (revision dc306354b0b29af51801a7632f1e95265a68cd81)
1 /*	$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.34 1998/11/14 07:17:58 tls Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
21  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24  *    without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 #ifndef lint
41 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n"
42 "	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 
45 #ifndef lint
46 #if 0
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
48 #else
49 __RCSID("$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.34 1998/11/14 07:17:58 tls Exp $");
50 #endif
51 #endif /* not lint */
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
55 #include <sys/wait.h>
56 #include <sys/mman.h>
57 #include <sys/stat.h>
58 #include <sys/mount.h>
59 #ifdef DEBUG
60 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
61 #include <machine/cpu.h>
62 #endif
63 
64 #include <db.h>
65 #include <errno.h>
66 #include <fcntl.h>
67 #include <signal.h>
68 #include <stdio.h>
69 #include <stdlib.h>
70 #include <string.h>
71 #include <syslog.h>
72 #include <time.h>
73 #include <ttyent.h>
74 #include <unistd.h>
75 #include <util.h>
76 #include <paths.h>
77 #include <err.h>
78 
79 #ifdef __STDC__
80 #include <stdarg.h>
81 #else
82 #include <varargs.h>
83 #endif
84 
85 #ifdef SECURE
86 #include <pwd.h>
87 #endif
88 
89 #include "pathnames.h"
90 
91 /*
92  * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
93  */
94 #define	GETTY_SPACING		 5	/* N secs minimum getty spacing */
95 #define	GETTY_SLEEP		30	/* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
96 #define	WINDOW_WAIT		 3	/* wait N secs after starting window */
97 #define	STALL_TIMEOUT		30	/* wait N secs after warning */
98 #define	DEATH_WATCH		10	/* wait N secs for procs to die */
99 
100 int main __P((int, char *[]));
101 
102 void handle __P((sig_t, ...));
103 void delset __P((sigset_t *, ...));
104 
105 void stall __P((const char *, ...))
106     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
107 void warning __P((const char *, ...))
108     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
109 void emergency __P((const char *, ...))
110     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
111 void disaster __P((int));
112 void badsys __P((int));
113 
114 /*
115  * We really need a recursive typedef...
116  * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
117  * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
118  */
119 typedef long (*state_func_t) __P((void));
120 typedef state_func_t (*state_t) __P((void));
121 
122 state_func_t single_user __P((void));
123 state_func_t runcom __P((void));
124 state_func_t read_ttys __P((void));
125 state_func_t multi_user __P((void));
126 state_func_t clean_ttys __P((void));
127 state_func_t catatonia __P((void));
128 state_func_t death __P((void));
129 
130 enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
131 
132 void transition __P((state_t));
133 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
134 state_t requested_transition = runcom;
135 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
136 state_t requested_transition = single_user;
137 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
138 
139 void setctty __P((char *));
140 
141 typedef struct init_session {
142 	int	se_index;		/* index of entry in ttys file */
143 	pid_t	se_process;		/* controlling process */
144 	time_t	se_started;		/* used to avoid thrashing */
145 	int	se_flags;		/* status of session */
146 #define	SE_SHUTDOWN	0x1		/* session won't be restarted */
147 #define	SE_PRESENT	0x2		/* session is in /etc/ttys */
148 	char	*se_device;		/* filename of port */
149 	char	*se_getty;		/* what to run on that port */
150 	char	**se_getty_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
151 	char	*se_window;		/* window system (started only once) */
152 	char	**se_window_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
153 	struct	init_session *se_prev;
154 	struct	init_session *se_next;
155 } session_t;
156 
157 void free_session __P((session_t *));
158 session_t *new_session __P((session_t *, int, struct ttyent *));
159 session_t *sessions;
160 
161 char **construct_argv __P((char *));
162 void start_window_system __P((session_t *));
163 void collect_child __P((pid_t));
164 pid_t start_getty __P((session_t *));
165 void transition_handler __P((int));
166 void alrm_handler __P((int));
167 void setsecuritylevel __P((int));
168 int getsecuritylevel __P((void));
169 int setupargv __P((session_t *, struct ttyent *));
170 int clang;
171 
172 void clear_session_logs __P((session_t *));
173 
174 int start_session_db __P((void));
175 void add_session __P((session_t *));
176 void del_session __P((session_t *));
177 session_t *find_session __P((pid_t));
178 DB *session_db;
179 
180 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
181 static void msdosfs_root __P((void));
182 #endif
183 
184 /*
185  * The mother of all processes.
186  */
187 int
188 main(argc, argv)
189 	int argc;
190 	char **argv;
191 {
192 	int c;
193 	struct sigaction sa;
194 	sigset_t mask;
195 
196 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
197 	/* Dispose of random users. */
198 	if (getuid() != 0) {
199 		errno = EPERM;
200 		err(1, "%s", "");
201 	}
202 
203 	/* System V users like to reexec init. */
204 	if (getpid() != 1)
205 		errx(1, "already running");
206 #endif
207 
208 	/*
209 	 * Create an initial session.
210 	 */
211 	if (setsid() < 0)
212 		warn("initial setsid() failed");
213 
214 	/*
215 	 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
216 	 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
217 	 */
218 	if (setlogin("root") < 0)
219 		warn("setlogin() failed");
220 
221 
222 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
223 	msdosfs_root();
224 #endif
225 
226 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
227 	/*
228 	 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
229 	 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
230 	 */
231 	openlog("init", LOG_CONS|LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
232 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
233 
234 
235 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
236 	/*
237 	 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
238 	 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
239 	 */
240 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "sf")) != -1)
241 		switch (c) {
242 		case 's':
243 			requested_transition = single_user;
244 			break;
245 		case 'f':
246 			runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
247 			break;
248 		default:
249 			warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
250 			break;
251 		}
252 
253 	if (optind != argc)
254 		warning("ignoring excess arguments");
255 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
256 	requested_transition = single_user;
257 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
258 
259 	/*
260 	 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
261 	 * so that they get reset on exec.
262 	 */
263 	handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
264 	handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV,
265 	       SIGBUS, SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, 0);
266 	handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, 0);
267 	handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
268 	sigfillset(&mask);
269 	delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
270 		SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, SIGALRM, 0);
271 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
272 	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
273 	sa.sa_flags = 0;
274 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
275 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
276 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
277 
278 	/*
279 	 * Paranoia.
280 	 */
281 	close(0);
282 	close(1);
283 	close(2);
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Start the state machine.
287 	 */
288 	transition(requested_transition);
289 
290 	/*
291 	 * Should never reach here.
292 	 */
293 	return 1;
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * Associate a function with a signal handler.
298  */
299 void
300 #ifdef __STDC__
301 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
302 #else
303 handle(va_alist)
304 	va_dcl
305 #endif
306 {
307 	int sig;
308 	struct sigaction sa;
309 	sigset_t mask_everything;
310 	va_list ap;
311 #ifndef __STDC__
312 	sig_t handler;
313 
314 	va_start(ap);
315 	handler = va_arg(ap, sig_t);
316 #else
317 	va_start(ap, handler);
318 #endif
319 
320 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
321 	sigfillset(&mask_everything);
322 
323 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
324 		sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
325 		/* XXX SA_RESTART? */
326 		sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
327 		sigaction(sig, &sa, (struct sigaction *) 0);
328 	}
329 	va_end(ap);
330 }
331 
332 /*
333  * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
334  */
335 void
336 #ifdef __STDC__
337 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
338 #else
339 delset(va_alist)
340 	va_dcl
341 #endif
342 {
343 	int sig;
344 	va_list ap;
345 #ifndef __STDC__
346 	sigset_t *maskp;
347 
348 	va_start(ap);
349 	maskp = va_arg(ap, sigset_t *);
350 #else
351 	va_start(ap, maskp);
352 #endif
353 
354 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
355 		sigdelset(maskp, sig);
356 	va_end(ap);
357 }
358 
359 /*
360  * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
361  * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
362  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
363  */
364 void
365 #ifdef __STDC__
366 stall(const char *message, ...)
367 #else
368 stall(va_alist)
369 	va_dcl
370 #endif
371 {
372 	va_list ap;
373 #ifndef __STDC__
374 	char *message;
375 
376 	va_start(ap);
377 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
378 #else
379 	va_start(ap, message);
380 #endif
381 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
382 	va_end(ap);
383 	closelog();
384 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
385 }
386 
387 /*
388  * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
389  * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
390  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
391  */
392 void
393 #ifdef __STDC__
394 warning(const char *message, ...)
395 #else
396 warning(va_alist)
397 	va_dcl
398 #endif
399 {
400 	va_list ap;
401 #ifndef __STDC__
402 	char *message;
403 
404 	va_start(ap);
405 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
406 #else
407 	va_start(ap, message);
408 #endif
409 
410 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
411 	va_end(ap);
412 	closelog();
413 }
414 
415 /*
416  * Log an emergency message.
417  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
418  */
419 void
420 #ifdef __STDC__
421 emergency(const char *message, ...)
422 #else
423 emergency(va_alist)
424 	va_dcl
425 #endif
426 {
427 	va_list ap;
428 #ifndef __STDC__
429 	char *message;
430 
431 	va_start(ap);
432 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
433 #else
434 	va_start(ap, message);
435 #endif
436 
437 	vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
438 	va_end(ap);
439 	closelog();
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
444  *
445  * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
446  * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
447  */
448 void
449 badsys(sig)
450 	int sig;
451 {
452 	static int badcount = 0;
453 
454 	if (badcount++ < 25)
455 		return;
456 	disaster(sig);
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * Catch an unexpected signal.
461  */
462 void
463 disaster(sig)
464 	int sig;
465 {
466 	emergency("fatal signal: %s", strsignal(sig));
467 
468 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
469 	_exit(sig);		/* reboot */
470 }
471 
472 /*
473  * Get the security level of the kernel.
474  */
475 int
476 getsecuritylevel()
477 {
478 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
479 	int name[2], curlevel;
480 	size_t len;
481 	extern int errno;
482 
483 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
484 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
485 	len = sizeof curlevel;
486 	if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
487 		emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
488 		    strerror(errno));
489 		return (-1);
490 	}
491 	return (curlevel);
492 #else
493 	return (-1);
494 #endif
495 }
496 
497 /*
498  * Set the security level of the kernel.
499  */
500 void
501 setsecuritylevel(newlevel)
502 	int newlevel;
503 {
504 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
505 	int name[2], curlevel;
506 	extern int errno;
507 
508 	curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
509 	if (newlevel == curlevel)
510 		return;
511 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
512 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
513 	if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
514 		emergency(
515 		    "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
516 		    curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
517 		return;
518 	}
519 #ifdef SECURE
520 	warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
521 	    curlevel, newlevel);
522 #endif
523 #endif
524 }
525 
526 /*
527  * Change states in the finite state machine.
528  * The initial state is passed as an argument.
529  */
530 void
531 transition(s)
532 	state_t s;
533 {
534 	for (;;)
535 		s = (state_t) (*s)();
536 }
537 
538 /*
539  * Close out the accounting files for a login session.
540  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
541  */
542 void
543 clear_session_logs(sp)
544 	session_t *sp;
545 {
546 	char *line = sp->se_device + sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
547 
548 	if (logout(line))
549 		logwtmp(line, "", "");
550 }
551 
552 /*
553  * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
554  * Only called by children of init after forking.
555  */
556 void
557 setctty(name)
558 	char *name;
559 {
560 	int fd;
561 
562 	(void) revoke(name);
563 	sleep (2);			/* leave DTR low */
564 	if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
565 		stall("can't open %s: %m", name);
566 		_exit(1);
567 	}
568 	if (login_tty(fd) == -1) {
569 		stall("can't get %s for controlling terminal: %m", name);
570 		_exit(1);
571 	}
572 }
573 
574 /*
575  * Bring the system up single user.
576  */
577 state_func_t
578 single_user()
579 {
580 	pid_t pid, wpid;
581 	int status;
582 	int from_securitylevel;
583 	sigset_t mask;
584 #ifdef ALTSHELL
585 	char *shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
586 #endif
587 	char *argv[2];
588 #ifdef SECURE
589 	struct ttyent *typ;
590 	struct passwd *pp;
591 	char *clear, *password;
592 #endif
593 #ifdef ALTSHELL
594 	char altshell[128];
595 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * If the kernel is in secure mode, downgrade it to insecure mode.
599 	 */
600 	from_securitylevel = getsecuritylevel();
601 	if (from_securitylevel > 0)
602 		setsecuritylevel(0);
603 
604 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
605 		/*
606 		 * Start the single user session.
607 		 */
608 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
609 
610 #ifdef SECURE
611 		/*
612 		 * Check the root password.
613 		 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
614 		 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
615 		 */
616 		typ = getttynam("console");
617 		pp = getpwnam("root");
618 		if (typ && (from_securitylevel >=2 || (typ->ty_status
619 		    & TTY_SECURE) == 0) && pp && *pp->pw_passwd != '\0') {
620 			fprintf(stderr,
621 			    "Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n");
622 			for (;;) {
623 				clear = getpass("Password:");
624 				if (clear == 0 || *clear == '\0')
625 					_exit(0);
626 				password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
627 				memset(clear, 0, _PASSWORD_LEN);
628 				if (strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
629 					break;
630 				warning("single-user login failed\n");
631 			}
632 		}
633 		endttyent();
634 		endpwent();
635 #endif /* SECURE */
636 
637 #ifdef ALTSHELL
638 		fprintf(stderr, "Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh: ");
639 		fgets(altshell, sizeof(altshell), stdin);
640 		/* nuke \n */
641 		altshell[strlen(altshell) - 1] = '\0';
642 
643 		if (altshell[0])
644 			shell = altshell;
645 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
646 
647 		/*
648 		 * Unblock signals.
649 		 * We catch all the interesting ones,
650 		 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
651 		 */
652 		sigemptyset(&mask);
653 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
654 
655 		/*
656 		 * Fire off a shell.
657 		 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
658 		 */
659 		argv[0] = "-sh";
660 		argv[1] = 0;
661 		setenv("PATH", _PATH_STDPATH, 1);
662 #ifdef ALTSHELL
663 		if (altshell[0])
664 			argv[0] = altshell;
665 		execv(shell, argv);
666 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
667 		argv[0] = "-sh";
668 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
669 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
670 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
671 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
672 		_exit(1);
673 	}
674 
675 	if (pid == -1) {
676 		/*
677 		 * We are seriously hosed.  Do our best.
678 		 */
679 		emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
680 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
681 			continue;
682 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
683 	}
684 
685 	requested_transition = 0;
686 	do {
687 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
688 			collect_child(wpid);
689 		if (wpid == -1) {
690 			if (errno == EINTR)
691 				continue;
692 			warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
693 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
694 		}
695 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
696 			warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
697 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
698 			wpid = -1;
699 		}
700 	} while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
701 
702 	if (requested_transition)
703 		return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
704 
705 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
706 		if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
707 			/*
708 			 *  reboot(8) killed shell?
709 			 */
710 			warning("single user shell terminated.");
711 			sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
712 			_exit(0);
713 		} else {
714 			warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
715 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
716 		}
717 	}
718 
719 	runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
720 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
721 	return (state_func_t) runcom;
722 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
723 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
724 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
725 }
726 
727 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
728 /*
729  * Run the system startup script.
730  */
731 state_func_t
732 runcom()
733 {
734 	pid_t pid, wpid;
735 	int status;
736 	char *argv[4];
737 	struct sigaction sa;
738 
739 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
740 		sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
741 		sa.sa_flags = 0;
742 		sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
743 		(void) sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
744 		(void) sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
745 
746 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
747 
748 		argv[0] = "sh";
749 		argv[1] = _PATH_RUNCOM;
750 		argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? "autoboot" : 0;
751 		argv[3] = 0;
752 
753 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
754 
755 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
756 		stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", _PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
757 		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
758 	}
759 
760 	if (pid == -1) {
761 		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m",
762 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
763 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
764 			continue;
765 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
766 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
767 	}
768 
769 	/*
770 	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
771 	 */
772 	do {
773 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
774 			collect_child(wpid);
775 		if (wpid == -1) {
776 			if (errno == EINTR)
777 				continue;
778 			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to single user mode",
779 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
780 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
781 		}
782 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
783 			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
784 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
785 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
786 			wpid = -1;
787 		}
788 	} while (wpid != pid);
789 
790 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
791 	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
792 		/* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
793 		sigset_t s;
794 
795 		sigfillset(&s);
796 		for (;;)
797 			sigsuspend(&s);
798 	}
799 
800 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
801 		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single user mode",
802 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
803 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
804 	}
805 
806 	if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
807 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
808 
809 	runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;		/* the default */
810 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
811 	logwtmp("~", "reboot", "");
812 	return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
813 }
814 
815 /*
816  * Open the session database.
817  *
818  * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
819  */
820 int
821 start_session_db()
822 {
823 	if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
824 		emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
825 	if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == 0) {
826 		emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
827 		return (1);
828 	}
829 	return (0);
830 
831 }
832 
833 /*
834  * Add a new login session.
835  */
836 void
837 add_session(sp)
838 	session_t *sp;
839 {
840 	DBT key;
841 	DBT data;
842 
843 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
844 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
845 	data.data = &sp;
846 	data.size = sizeof sp;
847 
848 	if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
849 		emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
850 }
851 
852 /*
853  * Delete an old login session.
854  */
855 void
856 del_session(sp)
857 	session_t *sp;
858 {
859 	DBT key;
860 
861 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
862 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
863 
864 	if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
865 		emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
866 }
867 
868 /*
869  * Look up a login session by pid.
870  */
871 session_t *
872 #ifdef __STDC__
873 find_session(pid_t pid)
874 #else
875 find_session(pid)
876 	pid_t pid;
877 #endif
878 {
879 	DBT key;
880 	DBT data;
881 	session_t *ret;
882 
883 	key.data = &pid;
884 	key.size = sizeof pid;
885 	if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
886 		return 0;
887 	memmove(&ret, data.data, sizeof(ret));
888 	return ret;
889 }
890 
891 /*
892  * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
893  */
894 char **
895 construct_argv(command)
896 	char *command;
897 {
898 	int argc = 0;
899 	char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
900 						* sizeof (char *));
901 	static const char separators[] = " \t";
902 
903 	if ((argv[argc++] = strtok(command, separators)) == 0)
904 		return (NULL);
905 	while ((argv[argc++] = strtok((char *) 0, separators)))
906 		continue;
907 	return (argv);
908 }
909 
910 /*
911  * Deallocate a session descriptor.
912  */
913 void
914 free_session(sp)
915 	session_t *sp;
916 {
917 	free(sp->se_device);
918 	if (sp->se_getty) {
919 		free(sp->se_getty);
920 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
921 	}
922 	if (sp->se_window) {
923 		free(sp->se_window);
924 		free(sp->se_window_argv);
925 	}
926 	free(sp);
927 }
928 
929 /*
930  * Allocate a new session descriptor.
931  */
932 session_t *
933 new_session(sprev, session_index, typ)
934 	session_t *sprev;
935 	int session_index;
936 	struct ttyent *typ;
937 {
938 	session_t *sp;
939 
940 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
941 	    typ->ty_name == NULL ||
942 	    typ->ty_getty == NULL)
943 		return (NULL);
944 
945 	sp = (session_t *) malloc(sizeof (session_t));
946 	memset(sp, 0, sizeof *sp);
947 
948 	sp->se_flags = SE_PRESENT;
949 	sp->se_index = session_index;
950 
951 	sp->se_device = malloc(sizeof(_PATH_DEV) + strlen(typ->ty_name));
952 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name);
953 
954 	if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
955 		free_session(sp);
956 		return (NULL);
957 	}
958 
959 	sp->se_next = NULL;
960 	if (sprev == NULL) {
961 		sessions = sp;
962 		sp->se_prev = NULL;
963 	} else {
964 		sprev->se_next = sp;
965 		sp->se_prev = sprev;
966 	}
967 
968 	return (sp);
969 }
970 
971 /*
972  * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
973  */
974 int
975 setupargv(sp, typ)
976 	session_t *sp;
977 	struct ttyent *typ;
978 {
979 
980 	if (sp->se_getty) {
981 		free(sp->se_getty);
982 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
983 	}
984 	sp->se_getty = malloc(strlen(typ->ty_getty) + strlen(typ->ty_name) + 2);
985 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name);
986 	sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty);
987 	if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
988 		warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
989 		free(sp->se_getty);
990 		sp->se_getty = NULL;
991 		return (0);
992 	}
993 	if (typ->ty_window) {
994 		if (sp->se_window)
995 			free(sp->se_window);
996 		sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
997 		sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window);
998 		if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
999 			warning("can't parse window for port %s",
1000 				sp->se_device);
1001 			free(sp->se_window);
1002 			sp->se_window = NULL;
1003 			return (0);
1004 		}
1005 	}
1006 	return (1);
1007 }
1008 
1009 /*
1010  * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1011  */
1012 state_func_t
1013 read_ttys()
1014 {
1015 	int session_index = 0;
1016 	session_t *sp, *snext;
1017 	struct ttyent *typ;
1018 
1019 	/*
1020 	 * Destroy any previous session state.
1021 	 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1022 	 */
1023 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1024 		if (sp->se_process)
1025 			clear_session_logs(sp);
1026 		snext = sp->se_next;
1027 		free_session(sp);
1028 	}
1029 	sessions = NULL;
1030 	if (start_session_db())
1031 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1032 
1033 	/*
1034 	 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1035 	 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1036 	 */
1037 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1038 		if ((snext = new_session(sp, ++session_index, typ)) != NULL)
1039 			sp = snext;
1040 
1041 	endttyent();
1042 
1043 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1044 }
1045 
1046 /*
1047  * Start a window system running.
1048  */
1049 void
1050 start_window_system(sp)
1051 	session_t *sp;
1052 {
1053 	pid_t pid;
1054 	sigset_t mask;
1055 
1056 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1057 		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1058 			sp->se_device);
1059 		/* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1060 		return;
1061 	}
1062 
1063 	if (pid)
1064 		return;
1065 
1066 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1067 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1068 
1069 	if (setsid() < 0)
1070 		emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1071 
1072 	execv(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv);
1073 	stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1074 		sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1075 	_exit(1);
1076 }
1077 
1078 /*
1079  * Start a login session running.
1080  */
1081 pid_t
1082 start_getty(sp)
1083 	session_t *sp;
1084 {
1085 	pid_t pid;
1086 	sigset_t mask;
1087 	time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1088 
1089 	/*
1090 	 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1091 	 */
1092 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1093 		emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1094 		return -1;
1095 	}
1096 
1097 	if (pid)
1098 		return pid;
1099 
1100 	if (current_time > sp->se_started &&
1101 	    current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1102 		warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping",
1103 		        sp->se_device);
1104 		sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1105 	}
1106 
1107 	if (sp->se_window) {
1108 		start_window_system(sp);
1109 		sleep(WINDOW_WAIT);
1110 	}
1111 
1112 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1113 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1114 
1115 	execv(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv);
1116 	stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1117 		sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1118 	_exit(1);
1119 }
1120 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1121 
1122 /*
1123  * Collect exit status for a child.
1124  * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1125  */
1126 void
1127 #ifdef __STDC__
1128 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1129 #else
1130 collect_child(pid)
1131 	pid_t pid;
1132 #endif
1133 {
1134 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1135 	session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1136 
1137 	if (! sessions)
1138 		return;
1139 
1140 	if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1141 		return;
1142 
1143 	clear_session_logs(sp);
1144 	del_session(sp);
1145 	sp->se_process = 0;
1146 
1147 	if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN) {
1148 		if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1149 			sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1150 		else
1151 			sessions = sp->se_next;
1152 		if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1153 			snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1154 		free_session(sp);
1155 		return;
1156 	}
1157 
1158 	if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1159 		/* serious trouble */
1160 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1161 		return;
1162 	}
1163 
1164 	sp->se_process = pid;
1165 	sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1166 	add_session(sp);
1167 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1168 }
1169 
1170 /*
1171  * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1172  */
1173 void
1174 transition_handler(sig)
1175 	int sig;
1176 {
1177 
1178 	switch (sig) {
1179 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1180 	case SIGHUP:
1181 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1182 		break;
1183 	case SIGTERM:
1184 		requested_transition = death;
1185 		break;
1186 	case SIGTSTP:
1187 		requested_transition = catatonia;
1188 		break;
1189 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1190 	default:
1191 		requested_transition = 0;
1192 		break;
1193 	}
1194 }
1195 
1196 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1197 /*
1198  * Take the system multiuser.
1199  */
1200 state_func_t
1201 multi_user()
1202 {
1203 	pid_t pid;
1204 	session_t *sp;
1205 
1206 	requested_transition = 0;
1207 
1208 	/*
1209 	 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1210 	 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1211 	 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1212 	 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1213 	 */
1214 	if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1215 		setsecuritylevel(1);
1216 
1217 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1218 		if (sp->se_process)
1219 			continue;
1220 		if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1221 			/* serious trouble */
1222 			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1223 			break;
1224 		}
1225 		sp->se_process = pid;
1226 		sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1227 		add_session(sp);
1228 	}
1229 
1230 	while (!requested_transition)
1231 		if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1232 			collect_child(pid);
1233 
1234 	return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1235 }
1236 
1237 /*
1238  * This is an n-squared algorithm.  We hope it isn't run often...
1239  */
1240 state_func_t
1241 clean_ttys()
1242 {
1243 	session_t *sp, *sprev;
1244 	struct ttyent *typ;
1245 	int session_index = 0;
1246 	int devlen;
1247 
1248 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1249 		sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1250 
1251 	devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1252 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1253 		++session_index;
1254 
1255 		for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1256 			if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1257 				break;
1258 
1259 		if (sp) {
1260 			sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1261 			if (sp->se_index != session_index) {
1262 				warning("port %s changed utmp index from %d to %d",
1263 				       sp->se_device, sp->se_index,
1264 				       session_index);
1265 				sp->se_index = session_index;
1266 			}
1267 			if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1268 			    typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1269 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1270 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1271 				continue;
1272 			}
1273 			sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1274 			if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1275 				warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1276 					sp->se_device);
1277 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1278 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1279 			}
1280 			continue;
1281 		}
1282 
1283 		new_session(sprev, session_index, typ);
1284 	}
1285 
1286 	endttyent();
1287 
1288 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1289 		if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1290 			sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1291 			kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1292 		}
1293 
1294 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1295 }
1296 
1297 /*
1298  * Block further logins.
1299  */
1300 state_func_t
1301 catatonia()
1302 {
1303 	session_t *sp;
1304 
1305 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1306 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1307 
1308 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1309 }
1310 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1311 
1312 /*
1313  * Note SIGALRM.
1314  */
1315 void
1316 alrm_handler(sig)
1317 	int sig;
1318 {
1319 	clang = 1;
1320 }
1321 
1322 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1323 /*
1324  * Bring the system down to single user.
1325  */
1326 state_func_t
1327 death()
1328 {
1329 	session_t *sp;
1330 	int i;
1331 	pid_t pid;
1332 	static const int death_sigs[3] = { SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1333 
1334 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1335 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1336 
1337 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
1338 	logwtmp("~", "shutdown", "");
1339 
1340 	for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
1341 		if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1342 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1343 
1344 		clang = 0;
1345 		alarm(DEATH_WATCH);
1346 		do
1347 			if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1348 				collect_child(pid);
1349 		while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1350 
1351 		if (errno == ECHILD)
1352 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1353 	}
1354 
1355 	warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1356 
1357 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
1358 }
1359 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1360 
1361 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
1362 
1363 static void
1364 msdosfs_root()
1365 {
1366 	/*
1367 	 * We cannot print errors so we bail out silently...
1368 	 */
1369 	int fd = -1;
1370 	struct stat st;
1371 	pid_t pid;
1372 	int status;
1373 	void *ptr;
1374 	struct statfs sfs;
1375 
1376 	if (statfs("/", &sfs) == -1)
1377 		return;
1378 
1379 	if (strcmp(sfs.f_fstypename, MOUNT_MSDOS) != 0)
1380 		return;
1381 
1382 	/* If we have devices, we cannot be on msdosfs */
1383 	if (access(_PATH_CONSOLE, F_OK) != -1)
1384 		return;
1385 
1386 	/* Grab the contents of MAKEDEV */
1387 	if ((fd = open("/dev/MAKEDEV", O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1388 		return;
1389 
1390 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
1391 		goto done;
1392 
1393 	if ((ptr = mmap(0,
1394 	    st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_FILE|MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) == (void *) -1)
1395 		goto done;
1396 
1397 	(void) close(fd);
1398 	fd = -1;
1399 
1400 	/* Mount an mfs over /dev so we can create devices */
1401 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1402 	case 0:
1403 		(void) execl("/sbin/mount_mfs", "mount_mfs", "-i", "256",
1404 		    "-s", "384", "-b", "4096", "-f", "512", "swap", "/dev",
1405 		    NULL);
1406 		goto done;
1407 
1408 	case -1:
1409 		goto done;
1410 
1411 	default:
1412 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1413 			goto done;
1414 		if (status != 0)
1415 			goto done;
1416 		break;
1417 	}
1418 
1419 	/* Create a MAKEDEV script in /dev */
1420 	if ((fd = open("/dev/MAKEDEV", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0755)) == -1)
1421 		goto done;
1422 
1423 	if (write(fd, ptr, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
1424 		goto done;
1425 
1426 	(void) munmap(ptr, st.st_size);
1427 
1428 	(void) close(fd);
1429 	fd = -1;
1430 
1431 #ifdef DEBUG
1432 	{
1433 		mode_t mode = 0666 | S_IFCHR;
1434 		dev_t dev;
1435 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
1436 		int s = sizeof(dev);
1437 		static int name[2] = { CTL_MACHDEP, CPU_CONSDEV };
1438 
1439   		if (sysctl(name, sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]), &dev, &s,
1440 		    NULL, 0) == -1)
1441 			goto done;
1442 #else
1443 		dev = makedev(0, 0);
1444 #endif
1445 
1446 		/* Make a console for us, so we can see things happening */
1447 		if (mknod(_PATH_CONSOLE, mode, dev) == -1)
1448 			goto done;
1449 	}
1450 #endif
1451 
1452 	/* Run the makedev script to create devices */
1453 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1454 	case 0:
1455 		if (chdir("/dev") == -1)
1456 			goto done;
1457 		(void) execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "./MAKEDEV", "all", NULL);
1458 		goto done;
1459 
1460 	case -1:
1461 		goto done;
1462 
1463 	default:
1464 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1465 		    goto done;
1466 		if (status != 0)
1467 			goto done;
1468 		break;
1469 	}
1470 
1471 done:
1472 	if (fd != -1)
1473 		(void) close(fd);
1474 }
1475 #endif
1476