xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/init/init.c (revision d9158b13b5dfe46201430699a3f7a235ecf28df3)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 static char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n\
40 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 #ifndef lint
44 /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)init.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/15/93";*/
45 static char *rcsid = "$Id: init.c,v 1.16 1994/06/11 07:54:04 mycroft Exp $";
46 #endif /* not lint */
47 
48 #include <sys/param.h>
49 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
50 #include <sys/wait.h>
51 
52 #include <db.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <fcntl.h>
55 #include <signal.h>
56 #include <stdio.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <syslog.h>
60 #include <time.h>
61 #include <ttyent.h>
62 #include <unistd.h>
63 
64 #ifdef __STDC__
65 #include <stdarg.h>
66 #else
67 #include <varargs.h>
68 #endif
69 
70 #ifdef SECURE
71 #include <pwd.h>
72 #endif
73 
74 #include "pathnames.h"
75 
76 /*
77  * Until the mythical util.h arrives...
78  */
79 extern int login_tty __P((int));
80 extern int logout __P((const char *));
81 extern void logwtmp __P((const char *, const char *, const char *));
82 
83 /*
84  * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
85  */
86 #define	GETTY_SPACING		 5	/* N secs minimum getty spacing */
87 #define	GETTY_SLEEP		30	/* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
88 #define	WINDOW_WAIT		 3	/* wait N secs after starting window */
89 #define	STALL_TIMEOUT		30	/* wait N secs after warning */
90 #define	DEATH_WATCH		10	/* wait N secs for procs to die */
91 
92 void handle __P((sig_t, ...));
93 void delset __P((sigset_t *, ...));
94 
95 void stall __P((char *, ...));
96 void warning __P((char *, ...));
97 void emergency __P((char *, ...));
98 void disaster __P((int));
99 void badsys __P((int));
100 
101 /*
102  * We really need a recursive typedef...
103  * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
104  * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
105  */
106 typedef long (*state_func_t) __P((void));
107 typedef state_func_t (*state_t) __P((void));
108 
109 state_func_t single_user __P((void));
110 state_func_t runcom __P((void));
111 state_func_t read_ttys __P((void));
112 state_func_t multi_user __P((void));
113 state_func_t clean_ttys __P((void));
114 state_func_t catatonia __P((void));
115 state_func_t death __P((void));
116 
117 enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
118 
119 void transition __P((state_t));
120 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
121 state_t requested_transition = runcom;
122 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
123 state_t requested_transition = single_user;
124 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
125 
126 void setctty __P((char *));
127 
128 typedef struct init_session {
129 	int	se_index;		/* index of entry in ttys file */
130 	pid_t	se_process;		/* controlling process */
131 	time_t	se_started;		/* used to avoid thrashing */
132 	int	se_flags;		/* status of session */
133 #define	SE_SHUTDOWN	0x1		/* session won't be restarted */
134 	char	*se_device;		/* filename of port */
135 	char	*se_getty;		/* what to run on that port */
136 	char	**se_getty_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
137 	char	*se_window;		/* window system (started only once) */
138 	char	**se_window_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
139 	struct	init_session *se_prev;
140 	struct	init_session *se_next;
141 } session_t;
142 
143 void free_session __P((session_t *));
144 session_t *new_session __P((session_t *, int, struct ttyent *));
145 session_t *sessions;
146 
147 char **construct_argv __P((char *));
148 void start_window_system __P((session_t *));
149 void collect_child __P((pid_t));
150 pid_t start_getty __P((session_t *));
151 void transition_handler __P((int));
152 void alrm_handler __P((int));
153 void setsecuritylevel __P((int));
154 int getsecuritylevel __P((void));
155 int setupargv __P((session_t *, struct ttyent *));
156 int clang;
157 
158 void clear_session_logs __P((session_t *));
159 
160 int start_session_db __P((void));
161 void add_session __P((session_t *));
162 void del_session __P((session_t *));
163 session_t *find_session __P((pid_t));
164 DB *session_db;
165 
166 /*
167  * The mother of all processes.
168  */
169 int
170 main(argc, argv)
171 	int argc;
172 	char **argv;
173 {
174 	int c;
175 	struct sigaction sa;
176 	sigset_t mask;
177 
178 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
179 	/* Dispose of random users. */
180 	if (getuid() != 0) {
181 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "init: %s\n", strerror(EPERM));
182 		exit (1);
183 	}
184 
185 	/* System V users like to reexec init. */
186 	if (getpid() != 1) {
187 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "init: already running\n");
188 		exit (1);
189 	}
190 
191 	/*
192 	 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
193 	 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
194 	 */
195 	openlog("init", LOG_CONS|LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
196 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
197 
198 	/*
199 	 * Create an initial session.
200 	 */
201 	if (setsid() < 0)
202 		warning("initial setsid() failed: %m");
203 
204 	/*
205 	 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
206 	 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
207 	 */
208 	if (setlogin("root") < 0)
209 		warning("setlogin() failed: %m");
210 
211 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
212 	/*
213 	 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
214 	 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
215 	 */
216 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "sf")) != -1)
217 		switch (c) {
218 		case 's':
219 			requested_transition = single_user;
220 			break;
221 		case 'f':
222 			runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
223 			break;
224 		default:
225 			warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
226 			break;
227 		}
228 
229 	if (optind != argc)
230 		warning("ignoring excess arguments");
231 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
232 	requested_transition = single_user;
233 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
234 
235 	/*
236 	 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
237 	 * so that they get reset on exec.
238 	 */
239 	handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
240 	handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV,
241 	       SIGBUS, SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, 0);
242 	handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, 0);
243 	handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
244 	sigfillset(&mask);
245 	delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
246 		SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, SIGALRM, 0);
247 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
248 	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
249 	sa.sa_flags = 0;
250 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
251 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
252 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
253 
254 	/*
255 	 * Paranoia.
256 	 */
257 	close(0);
258 	close(1);
259 	close(2);
260 
261 	/*
262 	 * Start the state machine.
263 	 */
264 	transition(requested_transition);
265 
266 	/*
267 	 * Should never reach here.
268 	 */
269 	return 1;
270 }
271 
272 /*
273  * Associate a function with a signal handler.
274  */
275 void
276 #ifdef __STDC__
277 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
278 #else
279 handle(va_alist)
280 	va_dcl
281 #endif
282 {
283 	int sig;
284 	struct sigaction sa;
285 	int mask_everything;
286 	va_list ap;
287 #ifndef __STDC__
288 	sig_t handler;
289 
290 	va_start(ap);
291 	handler = va_arg(ap, sig_t);
292 #else
293 	va_start(ap, handler);
294 #endif
295 
296 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
297 	sigfillset(&mask_everything);
298 
299 	while (sig = va_arg(ap, int)) {
300 		sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
301 		/* XXX SA_RESTART? */
302 		sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
303 		sigaction(sig, &sa, (struct sigaction *) 0);
304 	}
305 	va_end(ap);
306 }
307 
308 /*
309  * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
310  */
311 void
312 #ifdef __STDC__
313 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
314 #else
315 delset(va_alist)
316 	va_dcl
317 #endif
318 {
319 	int sig;
320 	va_list ap;
321 #ifndef __STDC__
322 	sigset_t *maskp;
323 
324 	va_start(ap);
325 	maskp = va_arg(ap, sigset_t *);
326 #else
327 	va_start(ap, maskp);
328 #endif
329 
330 	while (sig = va_arg(ap, int))
331 		sigdelset(maskp, sig);
332 	va_end(ap);
333 }
334 
335 /*
336  * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
337  * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
338  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
339  */
340 void
341 #ifdef __STDC__
342 stall(char *message, ...)
343 #else
344 stall(va_alist)
345 	va_dcl
346 #endif
347 {
348 	va_list ap;
349 #ifndef __STDC__
350 	char *message;
351 
352 	va_start(ap);
353 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
354 #else
355 	va_start(ap, message);
356 #endif
357 
358 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
359 	va_end(ap);
360 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
361 }
362 
363 /*
364  * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
365  * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
366  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
367  */
368 void
369 #ifdef __STDC__
370 warning(char *message, ...)
371 #else
372 warning(va_alist)
373 	va_dcl
374 #endif
375 {
376 	va_list ap;
377 #ifndef __STDC__
378 	char *message;
379 
380 	va_start(ap);
381 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
382 #else
383 	va_start(ap, message);
384 #endif
385 
386 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
387 	va_end(ap);
388 }
389 
390 /*
391  * Log an emergency message.
392  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
393  */
394 void
395 #ifdef __STDC__
396 emergency(char *message, ...)
397 #else
398 emergency(va_alist)
399 	va_dcl
400 #endif
401 {
402 	va_list ap;
403 #ifndef __STDC__
404 	char *message;
405 
406 	va_start(ap);
407 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
408 #else
409 	va_start(ap, message);
410 #endif
411 
412 	vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
413 	va_end(ap);
414 }
415 
416 /*
417  * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
418  *
419  * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
420  * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
421  */
422 void
423 badsys(sig)
424 	int sig;
425 {
426 	static int badcount = 0;
427 
428 	if (badcount++ < 25)
429 		return;
430 	disaster(sig);
431 }
432 
433 /*
434  * Catch an unexpected signal.
435  */
436 void
437 disaster(sig)
438 	int sig;
439 {
440 	emergency("fatal signal: %s",
441 		sig < (unsigned) NSIG ? sys_siglist[sig] : "unknown signal");
442 
443 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
444 	_exit(sig);		/* reboot */
445 }
446 
447 /*
448  * Get the security level of the kernel.
449  */
450 int
451 getsecuritylevel()
452 {
453 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
454 	int name[2], curlevel;
455 	size_t len;
456 	extern int errno;
457 
458 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
459 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
460 	len = sizeof curlevel;
461 	if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
462 		emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
463 		    strerror(errno));
464 		return (-1);
465 	}
466 	return (curlevel);
467 #else
468 	return (-1);
469 #endif
470 }
471 
472 /*
473  * Set the security level of the kernel.
474  */
475 void
476 setsecuritylevel(newlevel)
477 	int newlevel;
478 {
479 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
480 	int name[2], curlevel;
481 	extern int errno;
482 
483 	curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
484 	if (newlevel == curlevel)
485 		return;
486 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
487 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
488 	if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
489 		emergency(
490 		    "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
491 		    curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
492 		return;
493 	}
494 #ifdef SECURE
495 	warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
496 	    curlevel, newlevel);
497 #endif
498 #endif
499 }
500 
501 /*
502  * Change states in the finite state machine.
503  * The initial state is passed as an argument.
504  */
505 void
506 transition(s)
507 	state_t s;
508 {
509 	for (;;)
510 		s = (state_t) (*s)();
511 }
512 
513 /*
514  * Close out the accounting files for a login session.
515  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
516  */
517 void
518 clear_session_logs(sp)
519 	session_t *sp;
520 {
521 	char *line = sp->se_device + sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
522 
523 	if (logout(line))
524 		logwtmp(line, "", "");
525 }
526 
527 /*
528  * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
529  * Only called by children of init after forking.
530  */
531 void
532 setctty(name)
533 	char *name;
534 {
535 	int fd;
536 
537 	(void) revoke(name);
538 	sleep (2);			/* leave DTR low */
539 	if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
540 		stall("can't open %s: %m", name);
541 		_exit(1);
542 	}
543 	if (login_tty(fd) == -1) {
544 		stall("can't get %s for controlling terminal: %m", name);
545 		_exit(1);
546 	}
547 }
548 
549 /*
550  * Bring the system up single user.
551  */
552 state_func_t
553 single_user()
554 {
555 	pid_t pid, wpid;
556 	int status;
557 	sigset_t mask;
558 	char *shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
559 	char *argv[2];
560 #ifdef SECURE
561 	struct ttyent *typ;
562 	struct passwd *pp;
563 	static const char banner[] =
564 		"Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n";
565 	char *clear, *password;
566 #endif
567 
568 	/*
569 	 * If the kernel is in secure mode, downgrade it to insecure mode.
570 	 */
571 	if (getsecuritylevel() > 0)
572 		setsecuritylevel(0);
573 
574 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
575 		/*
576 		 * Start the single user session.
577 		 */
578 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
579 
580 #ifdef SECURE
581 		/*
582 		 * Check the root password.
583 		 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
584 		 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
585 		 */
586 		typ = getttynam("console");
587 		pp = getpwnam("root");
588 		if (typ && (typ->ty_status & TTY_SECURE) == 0 && pp) {
589 			write(2, banner, sizeof banner - 1);
590 			for (;;) {
591 				clear = getpass("Password:");
592 				if (clear == 0 || *clear == '\0')
593 					_exit(0);
594 				password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
595 				bzero(clear, _PASSWORD_LEN);
596 				if (strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
597 					break;
598 				warning("single-user login failed\n");
599 			}
600 		}
601 		endttyent();
602 		endpwent();
603 #endif /* SECURE */
604 
605 #ifdef DEBUGSHELL
606 		{
607 			char altshell[128], *cp = altshell;
608 			int num;
609 
610 #define	SHREQUEST \
611 	"Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh: "
612 			(void)write(STDERR_FILENO,
613 			    SHREQUEST, sizeof(SHREQUEST) - 1);
614 			while ((num = read(STDIN_FILENO, cp, 1)) != -1 &&
615 			    num != 0 && *cp != '\n' && cp < &altshell[127])
616 					cp++;
617 			*cp = '\0';
618 			if (altshell[0] != '\0')
619 				shell = altshell;
620 		}
621 #endif /* DEBUGSHELL */
622 
623 		/*
624 		 * Unblock signals.
625 		 * We catch all the interesting ones,
626 		 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
627 		 */
628 		sigemptyset(&mask);
629 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
630 
631 		/*
632 		 * Fire off a shell.
633 		 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
634 		 */
635 		argv[0] = "-sh";
636 		argv[1] = 0;
637 		execv(shell, argv);
638 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
639 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
640 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
641 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
642 		_exit(1);
643 	}
644 
645 	if (pid == -1) {
646 		/*
647 		 * We are seriously hosed.  Do our best.
648 		 */
649 		emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
650 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
651 			continue;
652 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
653 	}
654 
655 	requested_transition = 0;
656 	do {
657 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
658 			collect_child(wpid);
659 		if (wpid == -1) {
660 			if (errno == EINTR)
661 				continue;
662 			warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
663 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
664 		}
665 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
666 			warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
667 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
668 			wpid = -1;
669 		}
670 	} while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
671 
672 	if (requested_transition)
673 		return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
674 
675 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
676 		if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
677 			/*
678 			 *  reboot(8) killed shell?
679 			 */
680 			warning("single user shell terminated.");
681 			sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
682 			_exit(0);
683 		} else {
684 			warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
685 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
686 		}
687 	}
688 
689 	runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
690 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
691 	return (state_func_t) runcom;
692 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
693 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
694 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
695 }
696 
697 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
698 /*
699  * Run the system startup script.
700  */
701 state_func_t
702 runcom()
703 {
704 	pid_t pid, wpid;
705 	int status;
706 	char *argv[4];
707 	struct sigaction sa;
708 
709 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
710 		sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
711 		sa.sa_flags = 0;
712 		sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
713 		(void) sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
714 		(void) sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
715 
716 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
717 
718 		argv[0] = "sh";
719 		argv[1] = _PATH_RUNCOM;
720 		argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? "autoboot" : 0;
721 		argv[3] = 0;
722 
723 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
724 
725 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
726 		stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", _PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
727 		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
728 	}
729 
730 	if (pid == -1) {
731 		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m",
732 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
733 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
734 			continue;
735 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
736 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
737 	}
738 
739 	/*
740 	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
741 	 */
742 	do {
743 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
744 			collect_child(wpid);
745 		if (wpid == -1) {
746 			if (errno == EINTR)
747 				continue;
748 			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to single user mode",
749 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
750 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
751 		}
752 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
753 			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
754 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
755 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
756 			wpid = -1;
757 		}
758 	} while (wpid != pid);
759 
760 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
761 	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
762 		/* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
763 		sigset_t s;
764 
765 		sigfillset(&s);
766 		for (;;)
767 			sigsuspend(&s);
768 	}
769 
770 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
771 		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single user mode",
772 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
773 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
774 	}
775 
776 	if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
777 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
778 
779 	runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;		/* the default */
780 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
781 	logwtmp("~", "reboot", "");
782 	return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
783 }
784 
785 /*
786  * Open the session database.
787  *
788  * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
789  */
790 int
791 start_session_db()
792 {
793 	if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
794 		emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
795 	if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == 0) {
796 		emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
797 		return (1);
798 	}
799 	return (0);
800 
801 }
802 
803 /*
804  * Add a new login session.
805  */
806 void
807 add_session(sp)
808 	session_t *sp;
809 {
810 	DBT key;
811 	DBT data;
812 
813 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
814 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
815 	data.data = &sp;
816 	data.size = sizeof sp;
817 
818 	if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
819 		emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
820 }
821 
822 /*
823  * Delete an old login session.
824  */
825 void
826 del_session(sp)
827 	session_t *sp;
828 {
829 	DBT key;
830 
831 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
832 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
833 
834 	if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
835 		emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
836 }
837 
838 /*
839  * Look up a login session by pid.
840  */
841 session_t *
842 #ifdef __STDC__
843 find_session(pid_t pid)
844 #else
845 find_session(pid)
846 	pid_t pid;
847 #endif
848 {
849 	DBT key;
850 	DBT data;
851 	session_t *ret;
852 
853 	key.data = &pid;
854 	key.size = sizeof pid;
855 	if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
856 		return 0;
857 	bcopy(data.data, (char *)&ret, sizeof(ret));
858 	return ret;
859 }
860 
861 /*
862  * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
863  */
864 char **
865 construct_argv(command)
866 	char *command;
867 {
868 	register int argc = 0;
869 	register char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
870 						* sizeof (char *));
871 	static const char separators[] = " \t";
872 
873 	if ((argv[argc++] = strtok(command, separators)) == 0)
874 		return 0;
875 	while (argv[argc++] = strtok((char *) 0, separators))
876 		continue;
877 	return argv;
878 }
879 
880 /*
881  * Deallocate a session descriptor.
882  */
883 void
884 free_session(sp)
885 	register session_t *sp;
886 {
887 	free(sp->se_device);
888 	if (sp->se_getty) {
889 		free(sp->se_getty);
890 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
891 	}
892 	if (sp->se_window) {
893 		free(sp->se_window);
894 		free(sp->se_window_argv);
895 	}
896 	free(sp);
897 }
898 
899 /*
900  * Allocate a new session descriptor.
901  */
902 session_t *
903 new_session(sprev, session_index, typ)
904 	session_t *sprev;
905 	int session_index;
906 	register struct ttyent *typ;
907 {
908 	register session_t *sp;
909 
910 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
911 	    typ->ty_name == 0 ||
912 	    typ->ty_getty == 0)
913 		return 0;
914 
915 	sp = (session_t *) malloc(sizeof (session_t));
916 	bzero(sp, sizeof *sp);
917 
918 	sp->se_index = session_index;
919 
920 	sp->se_device = malloc(sizeof(_PATH_DEV) + strlen(typ->ty_name));
921 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name);
922 
923 	if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
924 		free_session(sp);
925 		return (0);
926 	}
927 
928 	sp->se_next = 0;
929 	if (sprev == 0) {
930 		sessions = sp;
931 		sp->se_prev = 0;
932 	} else {
933 		sprev->se_next = sp;
934 		sp->se_prev = sprev;
935 	}
936 
937 	return sp;
938 }
939 
940 /*
941  * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
942  */
943 int
944 setupargv(sp, typ)
945 	session_t *sp;
946 	struct ttyent *typ;
947 {
948 
949 	if (sp->se_getty) {
950 		free(sp->se_getty);
951 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
952 	}
953 	sp->se_getty = malloc(strlen(typ->ty_getty) + strlen(typ->ty_name) + 2);
954 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name);
955 	sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty);
956 	if (sp->se_getty_argv == 0) {
957 		warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
958 		free(sp->se_getty);
959 		sp->se_getty = 0;
960 		return (0);
961 	}
962 	if (typ->ty_window) {
963 		if (sp->se_window)
964 			free(sp->se_window);
965 		sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
966 		sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window);
967 		if (sp->se_window_argv == 0) {
968 			warning("can't parse window for port %s",
969 				sp->se_device);
970 			free(sp->se_window);
971 			sp->se_window = 0;
972 			return (0);
973 		}
974 	}
975 	return (1);
976 }
977 
978 /*
979  * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
980  */
981 state_func_t
982 read_ttys()
983 {
984 	int session_index = 0;
985 	register session_t *sp, *snext;
986 	register struct ttyent *typ;
987 
988 	/*
989 	 * Destroy any previous session state.
990 	 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
991 	 */
992 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
993 		if (sp->se_process)
994 			clear_session_logs(sp);
995 		snext = sp->se_next;
996 		free_session(sp);
997 	}
998 	sessions = 0;
999 	if (start_session_db())
1000 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1001 
1002 	/*
1003 	 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1004 	 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1005 	 */
1006 	while (typ = getttyent())
1007 		if (snext = new_session(sp, ++session_index, typ))
1008 			sp = snext;
1009 
1010 	endttyent();
1011 
1012 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1013 }
1014 
1015 /*
1016  * Start a window system running.
1017  */
1018 void
1019 start_window_system(sp)
1020 	session_t *sp;
1021 {
1022 	pid_t pid;
1023 	sigset_t mask;
1024 
1025 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1026 		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1027 			sp->se_device);
1028 		/* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1029 		return;
1030 	}
1031 
1032 	if (pid)
1033 		return;
1034 
1035 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1036 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1037 
1038 	if (setsid() < 0)
1039 		emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1040 
1041 	execv(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv);
1042 	stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1043 		sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1044 	_exit(1);
1045 }
1046 
1047 /*
1048  * Start a login session running.
1049  */
1050 pid_t
1051 start_getty(sp)
1052 	session_t *sp;
1053 {
1054 	pid_t pid;
1055 	sigset_t mask;
1056 	time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1057 
1058 	/*
1059 	 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1060 	 */
1061 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1062 		emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1063 		return -1;
1064 	}
1065 
1066 	if (pid)
1067 		return pid;
1068 
1069 	if (current_time > sp->se_started &&
1070 	    current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1071 		warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping",
1072 		        sp->se_device);
1073 		sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1074 	}
1075 
1076 	if (sp->se_window) {
1077 		start_window_system(sp);
1078 		sleep(WINDOW_WAIT);
1079 	}
1080 
1081 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1082 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1083 
1084 	execv(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv);
1085 	stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1086 		sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1087 	_exit(1);
1088 }
1089 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1090 
1091 /*
1092  * Collect exit status for a child.
1093  * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1094  */
1095 void
1096 #ifdef __STDC__
1097 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1098 #else
1099 collect_child(pid)
1100 	pid_t pid;
1101 #endif
1102 {
1103 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1104 	register session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1105 
1106 	if (! sessions)
1107 		return;
1108 
1109 	if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1110 		return;
1111 
1112 	clear_session_logs(sp);
1113 	del_session(sp);
1114 	sp->se_process = 0;
1115 
1116 	if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN) {
1117 		if (sprev = sp->se_prev)
1118 			sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1119 		else
1120 			sessions = sp->se_next;
1121 		if (snext = sp->se_next)
1122 			snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1123 		free_session(sp);
1124 		return;
1125 	}
1126 
1127 	if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1128 		/* serious trouble */
1129 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1130 		return;
1131 	}
1132 
1133 	sp->se_process = pid;
1134 	sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1135 	add_session(sp);
1136 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1137 }
1138 
1139 /*
1140  * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1141  */
1142 void
1143 transition_handler(sig)
1144 	int sig;
1145 {
1146 
1147 	switch (sig) {
1148 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1149 	case SIGHUP:
1150 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1151 		break;
1152 	case SIGTERM:
1153 		requested_transition = death;
1154 		break;
1155 	case SIGTSTP:
1156 		requested_transition = catatonia;
1157 		break;
1158 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1159 	default:
1160 		requested_transition = 0;
1161 		break;
1162 	}
1163 }
1164 
1165 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1166 /*
1167  * Take the system multiuser.
1168  */
1169 state_func_t
1170 multi_user()
1171 {
1172 	pid_t pid;
1173 	register session_t *sp;
1174 
1175 	requested_transition = 0;
1176 
1177 	/*
1178 	 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1179 	 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1180 	 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1181 	 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1182 	 */
1183 	if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1184 		setsecuritylevel(1);
1185 
1186 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1187 		if (sp->se_process)
1188 			continue;
1189 		if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1190 			/* serious trouble */
1191 			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1192 			break;
1193 		}
1194 		sp->se_process = pid;
1195 		sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1196 		add_session(sp);
1197 	}
1198 
1199 	while (!requested_transition)
1200 		if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1201 			collect_child(pid);
1202 
1203 	return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1204 }
1205 
1206 /*
1207  * This is an n-squared algorithm.  We hope it isn't run often...
1208  */
1209 state_func_t
1210 clean_ttys()
1211 {
1212 	register session_t *sp, *sprev;
1213 	register struct ttyent *typ;
1214 	register int session_index = 0;
1215 	register int devlen;
1216 
1217 	devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1218 	while (typ = getttyent()) {
1219 		++session_index;
1220 
1221 		for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1222 			if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1223 				break;
1224 
1225 		if (sp) {
1226 			if (sp->se_index != session_index) {
1227 				warning("port %s changed utmp index from %d to %d",
1228 				       sp->se_device, sp->se_index,
1229 				       session_index);
1230 				sp->se_index = session_index;
1231 			}
1232 			if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1233 			    typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1234 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1235 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1236 				continue;
1237 			}
1238 			sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1239 			if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1240 				warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1241 					sp->se_device);
1242 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1243 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1244 			}
1245 			continue;
1246 		}
1247 
1248 		new_session(sprev, session_index, typ);
1249 	}
1250 
1251 	endttyent();
1252 
1253 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1254 }
1255 
1256 /*
1257  * Block further logins.
1258  */
1259 state_func_t
1260 catatonia()
1261 {
1262 	register session_t *sp;
1263 
1264 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1265 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1266 
1267 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1268 }
1269 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1270 
1271 /*
1272  * Note SIGALRM.
1273  */
1274 void
1275 alrm_handler(sig)
1276 	int sig;
1277 {
1278 	clang = 1;
1279 }
1280 
1281 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1282 /*
1283  * Bring the system down to single user.
1284  */
1285 state_func_t
1286 death()
1287 {
1288 	register session_t *sp;
1289 	register int i;
1290 	pid_t pid;
1291 	static const int death_sigs[3] = { SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1292 
1293 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1294 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1295 
1296 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
1297 	logwtmp("~", "shutdown", "");
1298 
1299 	for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
1300 		if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1301 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1302 
1303 		clang = 0;
1304 		alarm(DEATH_WATCH);
1305 		do
1306 			if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1307 				collect_child(pid);
1308 		while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1309 
1310 		if (errno == ECHILD)
1311 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1312 	}
1313 
1314 	warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1315 
1316 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
1317 }
1318 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1319