xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/init/init.c (revision 481fca6e59249d8ffcf24fef7cfbe7b131bfb080)
1 /*	$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.37 2000/03/19 23:21:46 soren Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8  * Donn Seeley at Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
19  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
20  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
21  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
22  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
23  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
24  *    without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
40 #ifndef lint
41 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993\n"
42 "	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n");
43 #endif /* not lint */
44 
45 #ifndef lint
46 #if 0
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)init.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/28/95";
48 #else
49 __RCSID("$NetBSD: init.c,v 1.37 2000/03/19 23:21:46 soren Exp $");
50 #endif
51 #endif /* not lint */
52 
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
55 #include <sys/wait.h>
56 #include <sys/mman.h>
57 #include <sys/stat.h>
58 #include <sys/mount.h>
59 #ifdef DEBUG
60 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
61 #include <machine/cpu.h>
62 #endif
63 
64 #include <db.h>
65 #include <errno.h>
66 #include <fcntl.h>
67 #include <signal.h>
68 #include <stdio.h>
69 #include <stdlib.h>
70 #include <string.h>
71 #include <syslog.h>
72 #include <time.h>
73 #include <ttyent.h>
74 #include <unistd.h>
75 #include <util.h>
76 #include <paths.h>
77 #include <err.h>
78 
79 #ifdef __STDC__
80 #include <stdarg.h>
81 #else
82 #include <varargs.h>
83 #endif
84 
85 #ifdef SECURE
86 #include <pwd.h>
87 #endif
88 
89 #include "pathnames.h"
90 
91 /*
92  * Sleep times; used to prevent thrashing.
93  */
94 #define	GETTY_SPACING		 5	/* N secs minimum getty spacing */
95 #define	GETTY_SLEEP		30	/* sleep N secs after spacing problem */
96 #define	WINDOW_WAIT		 3	/* wait N secs after starting window */
97 #define	STALL_TIMEOUT		30	/* wait N secs after warning */
98 #define	DEATH_WATCH		10	/* wait N secs for procs to die */
99 
100 int main __P((int, char *[]));
101 
102 void handle __P((sig_t, ...));
103 void delset __P((sigset_t *, ...));
104 
105 void stall __P((const char *, ...))
106     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
107 void warning __P((const char *, ...))
108     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
109 void emergency __P((const char *, ...))
110     __attribute__((__format__(__printf__,1,2)));
111 void disaster __P((int));
112 void badsys __P((int));
113 
114 /*
115  * We really need a recursive typedef...
116  * The following at least guarantees that the return type of (*state_t)()
117  * is sufficiently wide to hold a function pointer.
118  */
119 typedef long (*state_func_t) __P((void));
120 typedef state_func_t (*state_t) __P((void));
121 
122 state_func_t single_user __P((void));
123 state_func_t runcom __P((void));
124 state_func_t read_ttys __P((void));
125 state_func_t multi_user __P((void));
126 state_func_t clean_ttys __P((void));
127 state_func_t catatonia __P((void));
128 state_func_t death __P((void));
129 
130 enum { AUTOBOOT, FASTBOOT } runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;
131 
132 void transition __P((state_t));
133 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
134 state_t requested_transition = runcom;
135 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
136 state_t requested_transition = single_user;
137 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
138 
139 void setctty __P((char *));
140 
141 typedef struct init_session {
142 	int	se_index;		/* index of entry in ttys file */
143 	pid_t	se_process;		/* controlling process */
144 	time_t	se_started;		/* used to avoid thrashing */
145 	int	se_flags;		/* status of session */
146 #define	SE_SHUTDOWN	0x1		/* session won't be restarted */
147 #define	SE_PRESENT	0x2		/* session is in /etc/ttys */
148 	char	*se_device;		/* filename of port */
149 	char	*se_getty;		/* what to run on that port */
150 	char	**se_getty_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
151 	char	*se_window;		/* window system (started only once) */
152 	char	**se_window_argv;	/* pre-parsed argument array */
153 	struct	init_session *se_prev;
154 	struct	init_session *se_next;
155 } session_t;
156 
157 void free_session __P((session_t *));
158 session_t *new_session __P((session_t *, int, struct ttyent *));
159 session_t *sessions;
160 
161 char **construct_argv __P((char *));
162 void start_window_system __P((session_t *));
163 void collect_child __P((pid_t));
164 pid_t start_getty __P((session_t *));
165 void transition_handler __P((int));
166 void alrm_handler __P((int));
167 void setsecuritylevel __P((int));
168 int getsecuritylevel __P((void));
169 int setupargv __P((session_t *, struct ttyent *));
170 int clang;
171 
172 void clear_session_logs __P((session_t *));
173 
174 int start_session_db __P((void));
175 void add_session __P((session_t *));
176 void del_session __P((session_t *));
177 session_t *find_session __P((pid_t));
178 DB *session_db;
179 
180 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
181 static void msdosfs_root __P((void));
182 #endif
183 
184 /*
185  * The mother of all processes.
186  */
187 int
188 main(argc, argv)
189 	int argc;
190 	char **argv;
191 {
192 	struct sigaction sa;
193 	sigset_t mask;
194 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
195 	int c;
196 
197 	/* Dispose of random users. */
198 	if (getuid() != 0) {
199 		errno = EPERM;
200 		err(1, NULL);
201 	}
202 
203 	/* System V users like to reexec init. */
204 	if (getpid() != 1)
205 		errx(1, "already running");
206 #endif
207 
208 	/*
209 	 * Create an initial session.
210 	 */
211 	if (setsid() < 0)
212 		warn("initial setsid() failed");
213 
214 	/*
215 	 * Establish an initial user so that programs running
216 	 * single user do not freak out and die (like passwd).
217 	 */
218 	if (setlogin("root") < 0)
219 		warn("setlogin() failed");
220 
221 
222 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
223 	msdosfs_root();
224 #endif
225 
226 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
227 	/*
228 	 * Note that this does NOT open a file...
229 	 * Does 'init' deserve its own facility number?
230 	 */
231 	openlog("init", LOG_CONS|LOG_ODELAY, LOG_AUTH);
232 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
233 
234 
235 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
236 	/*
237 	 * This code assumes that we always get arguments through flags,
238 	 * never through bits set in some random machine register.
239 	 */
240 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "sf")) != -1)
241 		switch (c) {
242 		case 's':
243 			requested_transition = single_user;
244 			break;
245 		case 'f':
246 			runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
247 			break;
248 		default:
249 			warning("unrecognized flag '-%c'", c);
250 			break;
251 		}
252 
253 	if (optind != argc)
254 		warning("ignoring excess arguments");
255 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
256 	requested_transition = single_user;
257 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
258 
259 	/*
260 	 * We catch or block signals rather than ignore them,
261 	 * so that they get reset on exec.
262 	 */
263 	handle(badsys, SIGSYS, 0);
264 	handle(disaster, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV,
265 	       SIGBUS, SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, 0);
266 	handle(transition_handler, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, 0);
267 	handle(alrm_handler, SIGALRM, 0);
268 	sigfillset(&mask);
269 	delset(&mask, SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGSEGV, SIGBUS, SIGSYS,
270 		SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, SIGALRM, 0);
271 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
272 	sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
273 	sa.sa_flags = 0;
274 	sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
275 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
276 	(void) sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
277 
278 	/*
279 	 * Paranoia.
280 	 */
281 	close(0);
282 	close(1);
283 	close(2);
284 
285 	/*
286 	 * Start the state machine.
287 	 */
288 	transition(requested_transition);
289 
290 	/*
291 	 * Should never reach here.
292 	 */
293 	return 1;
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * Associate a function with a signal handler.
298  */
299 void
300 #ifdef __STDC__
301 handle(sig_t handler, ...)
302 #else
303 handle(va_alist)
304 	va_dcl
305 #endif
306 {
307 	int sig;
308 	struct sigaction sa;
309 	sigset_t mask_everything;
310 	va_list ap;
311 #ifndef __STDC__
312 	sig_t handler;
313 
314 	va_start(ap);
315 	handler = va_arg(ap, sig_t);
316 #else
317 	va_start(ap, handler);
318 #endif
319 
320 	sa.sa_handler = handler;
321 	sigfillset(&mask_everything);
322 
323 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0) {
324 		sa.sa_mask = mask_everything;
325 		/* XXX SA_RESTART? */
326 		sa.sa_flags = sig == SIGCHLD ? SA_NOCLDSTOP : 0;
327 		sigaction(sig, &sa, (struct sigaction *) 0);
328 	}
329 	va_end(ap);
330 }
331 
332 /*
333  * Delete a set of signals from a mask.
334  */
335 void
336 #ifdef __STDC__
337 delset(sigset_t *maskp, ...)
338 #else
339 delset(va_alist)
340 	va_dcl
341 #endif
342 {
343 	int sig;
344 	va_list ap;
345 #ifndef __STDC__
346 	sigset_t *maskp;
347 
348 	va_start(ap);
349 	maskp = va_arg(ap, sigset_t *);
350 #else
351 	va_start(ap, maskp);
352 #endif
353 
354 	while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) != 0)
355 		sigdelset(maskp, sig);
356 	va_end(ap);
357 }
358 
359 /*
360  * Log a message and sleep for a while (to give someone an opportunity
361  * to read it and to save log or hardcopy output if the problem is chronic).
362  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
363  */
364 void
365 #ifdef __STDC__
366 stall(const char *message, ...)
367 #else
368 stall(va_alist)
369 	va_dcl
370 #endif
371 {
372 	va_list ap;
373 #ifndef __STDC__
374 	char *message;
375 
376 	va_start(ap);
377 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
378 #else
379 	va_start(ap, message);
380 #endif
381 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
382 	va_end(ap);
383 	closelog();
384 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
385 }
386 
387 /*
388  * Like stall(), but doesn't sleep.
389  * If cpp had variadic macros, the two functions could be #defines for another.
390  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
391  */
392 void
393 #ifdef __STDC__
394 warning(const char *message, ...)
395 #else
396 warning(va_alist)
397 	va_dcl
398 #endif
399 {
400 	va_list ap;
401 #ifndef __STDC__
402 	char *message;
403 
404 	va_start(ap);
405 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
406 #else
407 	va_start(ap, message);
408 #endif
409 
410 	vsyslog(LOG_ALERT, message, ap);
411 	va_end(ap);
412 	closelog();
413 }
414 
415 /*
416  * Log an emergency message.
417  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
418  */
419 void
420 #ifdef __STDC__
421 emergency(const char *message, ...)
422 #else
423 emergency(va_alist)
424 	va_dcl
425 #endif
426 {
427 	va_list ap;
428 #ifndef __STDC__
429 	char *message;
430 
431 	va_start(ap);
432 	message = va_arg(ap, char *);
433 #else
434 	va_start(ap, message);
435 #endif
436 
437 	vsyslog(LOG_EMERG, message, ap);
438 	va_end(ap);
439 	closelog();
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Catch a SIGSYS signal.
444  *
445  * These may arise if a system does not support sysctl.
446  * We tolerate up to 25 of these, then throw in the towel.
447  */
448 void
449 badsys(sig)
450 	int sig;
451 {
452 	static int badcount = 0;
453 
454 	if (badcount++ < 25)
455 		return;
456 	disaster(sig);
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * Catch an unexpected signal.
461  */
462 void
463 disaster(sig)
464 	int sig;
465 {
466 	emergency("fatal signal: %s", strsignal(sig));
467 
468 	sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
469 	_exit(sig);		/* reboot */
470 }
471 
472 /*
473  * Get the security level of the kernel.
474  */
475 int
476 getsecuritylevel()
477 {
478 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
479 	int name[2], curlevel;
480 	size_t len;
481 
482 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
483 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
484 	len = sizeof curlevel;
485 	if (sysctl(name, 2, &curlevel, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) {
486 		emergency("cannot get kernel security level: %s",
487 		    strerror(errno));
488 		return (-1);
489 	}
490 	return (curlevel);
491 #else
492 	return (-1);
493 #endif
494 }
495 
496 /*
497  * Set the security level of the kernel.
498  */
499 void
500 setsecuritylevel(newlevel)
501 	int newlevel;
502 {
503 #ifdef KERN_SECURELVL
504 	int name[2], curlevel;
505 
506 	curlevel = getsecuritylevel();
507 	if (newlevel == curlevel)
508 		return;
509 	name[0] = CTL_KERN;
510 	name[1] = KERN_SECURELVL;
511 	if (sysctl(name, 2, NULL, NULL, &newlevel, sizeof newlevel) == -1) {
512 		emergency(
513 		    "cannot change kernel security level from %d to %d: %s",
514 		    curlevel, newlevel, strerror(errno));
515 		return;
516 	}
517 #ifdef SECURE
518 	warning("kernel security level changed from %d to %d",
519 	    curlevel, newlevel);
520 #endif
521 #endif
522 }
523 
524 /*
525  * Change states in the finite state machine.
526  * The initial state is passed as an argument.
527  */
528 void
529 transition(s)
530 	state_t s;
531 {
532 	for (;;)
533 		s = (state_t) (*s)();
534 }
535 
536 /*
537  * Close out the accounting files for a login session.
538  * NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking.
539  */
540 void
541 clear_session_logs(sp)
542 	session_t *sp;
543 {
544 	char *line = sp->se_device + sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
545 
546 	if (logout(line))
547 		logwtmp(line, "", "");
548 }
549 
550 /*
551  * Start a session and allocate a controlling terminal.
552  * Only called by children of init after forking.
553  */
554 void
555 setctty(name)
556 	char *name;
557 {
558 	int fd;
559 
560 	(void) revoke(name);
561 	sleep (2);			/* leave DTR low */
562 	if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
563 		stall("can't open %s: %m", name);
564 		_exit(1);
565 	}
566 	if (login_tty(fd) == -1) {
567 		stall("can't get %s for controlling terminal: %m", name);
568 		_exit(1);
569 	}
570 }
571 
572 /*
573  * Bring the system up single user.
574  */
575 state_func_t
576 single_user()
577 {
578 	pid_t pid, wpid;
579 	int status;
580 	int from_securitylevel;
581 	sigset_t mask;
582 #ifdef ALTSHELL
583 	char *shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
584 #endif
585 	char *argv[2];
586 #ifdef SECURE
587 	struct ttyent *typ;
588 	struct passwd *pp;
589 	char *clear, *password;
590 #endif
591 #ifdef ALTSHELL
592 	char altshell[128];
593 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
594 
595 	/*
596 	 * If the kernel is in secure mode, downgrade it to insecure mode.
597 	 */
598 	from_securitylevel = getsecuritylevel();
599 	if (from_securitylevel > 0)
600 		setsecuritylevel(0);
601 
602 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
603 		/*
604 		 * Start the single user session.
605 		 */
606 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
607 
608 #ifdef SECURE
609 		/*
610 		 * Check the root password.
611 		 * We don't care if the console is 'on' by default;
612 		 * it's the only tty that can be 'off' and 'secure'.
613 		 */
614 		typ = getttynam("console");
615 		pp = getpwnam("root");
616 		if (typ && (from_securitylevel >=2 || (typ->ty_status
617 		    & TTY_SECURE) == 0) && pp && *pp->pw_passwd != '\0') {
618 			fprintf(stderr,
619 			    "Enter root password, or ^D to go multi-user\n");
620 			for (;;) {
621 				clear = getpass("Password:");
622 				if (clear == 0 || *clear == '\0')
623 					_exit(0);
624 				password = crypt(clear, pp->pw_passwd);
625 				memset(clear, 0, _PASSWORD_LEN);
626 				if (strcmp(password, pp->pw_passwd) == 0)
627 					break;
628 				warning("single-user login failed\n");
629 			}
630 		}
631 		endttyent();
632 		endpwent();
633 #endif /* SECURE */
634 
635 #ifdef ALTSHELL
636 		fprintf(stderr, "Enter pathname of shell or RETURN for sh: ");
637 		fgets(altshell, sizeof(altshell), stdin);
638 		/* nuke \n */
639 		altshell[strlen(altshell) - 1] = '\0';
640 
641 		if (altshell[0])
642 			shell = altshell;
643 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
644 
645 		/*
646 		 * Unblock signals.
647 		 * We catch all the interesting ones,
648 		 * and those are reset to SIG_DFL on exec.
649 		 */
650 		sigemptyset(&mask);
651 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
652 
653 		/*
654 		 * Fire off a shell.
655 		 * If the default one doesn't work, try the Bourne shell.
656 		 */
657 		argv[0] = "-sh";
658 		argv[1] = 0;
659 		setenv("PATH", _PATH_STDPATH, 1);
660 #ifdef ALTSHELL
661 		if (altshell[0])
662 			argv[0] = altshell;
663 		execv(shell, argv);
664 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", shell);
665 		argv[0] = "-sh";
666 #endif /* ALTSHELL */
667 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
668 		emergency("can't exec %s for single user: %m", _PATH_BSHELL);
669 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
670 		_exit(1);
671 	}
672 
673 	if (pid == -1) {
674 		/*
675 		 * We are seriously hosed.  Do our best.
676 		 */
677 		emergency("can't fork single-user shell, trying again");
678 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
679 			continue;
680 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
681 	}
682 
683 	requested_transition = 0;
684 	do {
685 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
686 			collect_child(wpid);
687 		if (wpid == -1) {
688 			if (errno == EINTR)
689 				continue;
690 			warning("wait for single-user shell failed: %m; restarting");
691 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
692 		}
693 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
694 			warning("init: shell stopped, restarting\n");
695 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
696 			wpid = -1;
697 		}
698 	} while (wpid != pid && !requested_transition);
699 
700 	if (requested_transition)
701 		return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
702 
703 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
704 		if (WTERMSIG(status) == SIGKILL) {
705 			/*
706 			 *  reboot(8) killed shell?
707 			 */
708 			warning("single user shell terminated.");
709 			sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
710 			_exit(0);
711 		} else {
712 			warning("single user shell terminated, restarting");
713 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
714 		}
715 	}
716 
717 	runcom_mode = FASTBOOT;
718 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
719 	return (state_func_t) runcom;
720 #else /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
721 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
722 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
723 }
724 
725 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
726 /*
727  * Run the system startup script.
728  */
729 state_func_t
730 runcom()
731 {
732 	pid_t pid, wpid;
733 	int status;
734 	char *argv[4];
735 	struct sigaction sa;
736 
737 	if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
738 		sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
739 		sa.sa_flags = 0;
740 		sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
741 		(void) sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
742 		(void) sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, (struct sigaction *)0);
743 
744 		setctty(_PATH_CONSOLE);
745 
746 		argv[0] = "sh";
747 		argv[1] = _PATH_RUNCOM;
748 		argv[2] = runcom_mode == AUTOBOOT ? "autoboot" : 0;
749 		argv[3] = 0;
750 
751 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sa.sa_mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
752 
753 		execv(_PATH_BSHELL, argv);
754 		stall("can't exec %s for %s: %m", _PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
755 		_exit(1);	/* force single user mode */
756 	}
757 
758 	if (pid == -1) {
759 		emergency("can't fork for %s on %s: %m",
760 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
761 		while (waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, WNOHANG) > 0)
762 			continue;
763 		sleep(STALL_TIMEOUT);
764 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
765 	}
766 
767 	/*
768 	 * Copied from single_user().  This is a bit paranoid.
769 	 */
770 	do {
771 		if ((wpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WUNTRACED)) != -1)
772 			collect_child(wpid);
773 		if (wpid == -1) {
774 			if (errno == EINTR)
775 				continue;
776 			warning("wait for %s on %s failed: %m; going to single user mode",
777 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
778 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
779 		}
780 		if (wpid == pid && WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
781 			warning("init: %s on %s stopped, restarting\n",
782 				_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
783 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
784 			wpid = -1;
785 		}
786 	} while (wpid != pid);
787 
788 	if (WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGTERM &&
789 	    requested_transition == catatonia) {
790 		/* /etc/rc executed /sbin/reboot; wait for the end quietly */
791 		sigset_t s;
792 
793 		sigfillset(&s);
794 		for (;;)
795 			sigsuspend(&s);
796 	}
797 
798 	if (!WIFEXITED(status)) {
799 		warning("%s on %s terminated abnormally, going to single user mode",
800 			_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_RUNCOM);
801 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
802 	}
803 
804 	if (WEXITSTATUS(status))
805 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
806 
807 	runcom_mode = AUTOBOOT;		/* the default */
808 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
809 	logwtmp("~", "reboot", "");
810 	return (state_func_t) read_ttys;
811 }
812 
813 /*
814  * Open the session database.
815  *
816  * NB: We could pass in the size here; is it necessary?
817  */
818 int
819 start_session_db()
820 {
821 	if (session_db && (*session_db->close)(session_db))
822 		emergency("session database close: %s", strerror(errno));
823 	if ((session_db = dbopen(NULL, O_RDWR, 0, DB_HASH, NULL)) == 0) {
824 		emergency("session database open: %s", strerror(errno));
825 		return (1);
826 	}
827 	return (0);
828 
829 }
830 
831 /*
832  * Add a new login session.
833  */
834 void
835 add_session(sp)
836 	session_t *sp;
837 {
838 	DBT key;
839 	DBT data;
840 
841 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
842 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
843 	data.data = &sp;
844 	data.size = sizeof sp;
845 
846 	if ((*session_db->put)(session_db, &key, &data, 0))
847 		emergency("insert %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
848 }
849 
850 /*
851  * Delete an old login session.
852  */
853 void
854 del_session(sp)
855 	session_t *sp;
856 {
857 	DBT key;
858 
859 	key.data = &sp->se_process;
860 	key.size = sizeof sp->se_process;
861 
862 	if ((*session_db->del)(session_db, &key, 0))
863 		emergency("delete %d: %s", sp->se_process, strerror(errno));
864 }
865 
866 /*
867  * Look up a login session by pid.
868  */
869 session_t *
870 #ifdef __STDC__
871 find_session(pid_t pid)
872 #else
873 find_session(pid)
874 	pid_t pid;
875 #endif
876 {
877 	DBT key;
878 	DBT data;
879 	session_t *ret;
880 
881 	key.data = &pid;
882 	key.size = sizeof pid;
883 	if ((*session_db->get)(session_db, &key, &data, 0) != 0)
884 		return 0;
885 	memmove(&ret, data.data, sizeof(ret));
886 	return ret;
887 }
888 
889 /*
890  * Construct an argument vector from a command line.
891  */
892 char **
893 construct_argv(command)
894 	char *command;
895 {
896 	int argc = 0;
897 	char **argv = (char **) malloc(((strlen(command) + 1) / 2 + 1)
898 						* sizeof (char *));
899 	static const char separators[] = " \t";
900 
901 	if ((argv[argc++] = strtok(command, separators)) == 0)
902 		return (NULL);
903 	while ((argv[argc++] = strtok((char *) 0, separators)))
904 		continue;
905 	return (argv);
906 }
907 
908 /*
909  * Deallocate a session descriptor.
910  */
911 void
912 free_session(sp)
913 	session_t *sp;
914 {
915 	free(sp->se_device);
916 	if (sp->se_getty) {
917 		free(sp->se_getty);
918 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
919 	}
920 	if (sp->se_window) {
921 		free(sp->se_window);
922 		free(sp->se_window_argv);
923 	}
924 	free(sp);
925 }
926 
927 /*
928  * Allocate a new session descriptor.
929  */
930 session_t *
931 new_session(sprev, session_index, typ)
932 	session_t *sprev;
933 	int session_index;
934 	struct ttyent *typ;
935 {
936 	session_t *sp;
937 
938 	if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
939 	    typ->ty_name == NULL ||
940 	    typ->ty_getty == NULL)
941 		return (NULL);
942 
943 	sp = (session_t *) malloc(sizeof (session_t));
944 	memset(sp, 0, sizeof *sp);
945 
946 	sp->se_flags = SE_PRESENT;
947 	sp->se_index = session_index;
948 
949 	sp->se_device = malloc(sizeof(_PATH_DEV) + strlen(typ->ty_name));
950 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, typ->ty_name);
951 
952 	if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
953 		free_session(sp);
954 		return (NULL);
955 	}
956 
957 	sp->se_next = NULL;
958 	if (sprev == NULL) {
959 		sessions = sp;
960 		sp->se_prev = NULL;
961 	} else {
962 		sprev->se_next = sp;
963 		sp->se_prev = sprev;
964 	}
965 
966 	return (sp);
967 }
968 
969 /*
970  * Calculate getty and if useful window argv vectors.
971  */
972 int
973 setupargv(sp, typ)
974 	session_t *sp;
975 	struct ttyent *typ;
976 {
977 
978 	if (sp->se_getty) {
979 		free(sp->se_getty);
980 		free(sp->se_getty_argv);
981 	}
982 	sp->se_getty = malloc(strlen(typ->ty_getty) + strlen(typ->ty_name) + 2);
983 	(void) sprintf(sp->se_getty, "%s %s", typ->ty_getty, typ->ty_name);
984 	sp->se_getty_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_getty);
985 	if (sp->se_getty_argv == NULL) {
986 		warning("can't parse getty for port %s", sp->se_device);
987 		free(sp->se_getty);
988 		sp->se_getty = NULL;
989 		return (0);
990 	}
991 	if (typ->ty_window) {
992 		if (sp->se_window)
993 			free(sp->se_window);
994 		sp->se_window = strdup(typ->ty_window);
995 		sp->se_window_argv = construct_argv(sp->se_window);
996 		if (sp->se_window_argv == NULL) {
997 			warning("can't parse window for port %s",
998 				sp->se_device);
999 			free(sp->se_window);
1000 			sp->se_window = NULL;
1001 			return (0);
1002 		}
1003 	}
1004 	return (1);
1005 }
1006 
1007 /*
1008  * Walk the list of ttys and create sessions for each active line.
1009  */
1010 state_func_t
1011 read_ttys()
1012 {
1013 	int session_index = 0;
1014 	session_t *sp, *snext;
1015 	struct ttyent *typ;
1016 
1017 	/*
1018 	 * Destroy any previous session state.
1019 	 * There shouldn't be any, but just in case...
1020 	 */
1021 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = snext) {
1022 		if (sp->se_process)
1023 			clear_session_logs(sp);
1024 		snext = sp->se_next;
1025 		free_session(sp);
1026 	}
1027 	sessions = NULL;
1028 	if (start_session_db())
1029 		return (state_func_t) single_user;
1030 
1031 	/*
1032 	 * Allocate a session entry for each active port.
1033 	 * Note that sp starts at 0.
1034 	 */
1035 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL)
1036 		if ((snext = new_session(sp, ++session_index, typ)) != NULL)
1037 			sp = snext;
1038 
1039 	endttyent();
1040 
1041 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1042 }
1043 
1044 /*
1045  * Start a window system running.
1046  */
1047 void
1048 start_window_system(sp)
1049 	session_t *sp;
1050 {
1051 	pid_t pid;
1052 	sigset_t mask;
1053 
1054 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1055 		emergency("can't fork for window system on port %s: %m",
1056 			sp->se_device);
1057 		/* hope that getty fails and we can try again */
1058 		return;
1059 	}
1060 
1061 	if (pid)
1062 		return;
1063 
1064 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1065 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1066 
1067 	if (setsid() < 0)
1068 		emergency("setsid failed (window) %m");
1069 
1070 	execv(sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_window_argv);
1071 	stall("can't exec window system '%s' for port %s: %m",
1072 		sp->se_window_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1073 	_exit(1);
1074 }
1075 
1076 /*
1077  * Start a login session running.
1078  */
1079 pid_t
1080 start_getty(sp)
1081 	session_t *sp;
1082 {
1083 	pid_t pid;
1084 	sigset_t mask;
1085 	time_t current_time = time((time_t *) 0);
1086 
1087 	/*
1088 	 * fork(), not vfork() -- we can't afford to block.
1089 	 */
1090 	if ((pid = fork()) == -1) {
1091 		emergency("can't fork for getty on port %s: %m", sp->se_device);
1092 		return -1;
1093 	}
1094 
1095 	if (pid)
1096 		return pid;
1097 
1098 	if (current_time > sp->se_started &&
1099 	    current_time - sp->se_started < GETTY_SPACING) {
1100 		warning("getty repeating too quickly on port %s, sleeping",
1101 		        sp->se_device);
1102 		sleep((unsigned) GETTY_SLEEP);
1103 	}
1104 
1105 	if (sp->se_window) {
1106 		start_window_system(sp);
1107 		sleep(WINDOW_WAIT);
1108 	}
1109 
1110 	sigemptyset(&mask);
1111 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *) 0);
1112 
1113 	execv(sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_getty_argv);
1114 	stall("can't exec getty '%s' for port %s: %m",
1115 		sp->se_getty_argv[0], sp->se_device);
1116 	_exit(1);
1117 }
1118 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1119 
1120 /*
1121  * Collect exit status for a child.
1122  * If an exiting login, start a new login running.
1123  */
1124 void
1125 #ifdef __STDC__
1126 collect_child(pid_t pid)
1127 #else
1128 collect_child(pid)
1129 	pid_t pid;
1130 #endif
1131 {
1132 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1133 	session_t *sp, *sprev, *snext;
1134 
1135 	if (! sessions)
1136 		return;
1137 
1138 	if (! (sp = find_session(pid)))
1139 		return;
1140 
1141 	clear_session_logs(sp);
1142 	del_session(sp);
1143 	sp->se_process = 0;
1144 
1145 	if (sp->se_flags & SE_SHUTDOWN) {
1146 		if ((sprev = sp->se_prev) != NULL)
1147 			sprev->se_next = sp->se_next;
1148 		else
1149 			sessions = sp->se_next;
1150 		if ((snext = sp->se_next) != NULL)
1151 			snext->se_prev = sp->se_prev;
1152 		free_session(sp);
1153 		return;
1154 	}
1155 
1156 	if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1157 		/* serious trouble */
1158 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1159 		return;
1160 	}
1161 
1162 	sp->se_process = pid;
1163 	sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1164 	add_session(sp);
1165 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1166 }
1167 
1168 /*
1169  * Catch a signal and request a state transition.
1170  */
1171 void
1172 transition_handler(sig)
1173 	int sig;
1174 {
1175 
1176 	switch (sig) {
1177 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1178 	case SIGHUP:
1179 		requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1180 		break;
1181 	case SIGTERM:
1182 		requested_transition = death;
1183 		break;
1184 	case SIGTSTP:
1185 		requested_transition = catatonia;
1186 		break;
1187 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1188 	default:
1189 		requested_transition = 0;
1190 		break;
1191 	}
1192 }
1193 
1194 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1195 /*
1196  * Take the system multiuser.
1197  */
1198 state_func_t
1199 multi_user()
1200 {
1201 	pid_t pid;
1202 	session_t *sp;
1203 
1204 	requested_transition = 0;
1205 
1206 	/*
1207 	 * If the administrator has not set the security level to -1
1208 	 * to indicate that the kernel should not run multiuser in secure
1209 	 * mode, and the run script has not set a higher level of security
1210 	 * than level 1, then put the kernel into secure mode.
1211 	 */
1212 	if (getsecuritylevel() == 0)
1213 		setsecuritylevel(1);
1214 
1215 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next) {
1216 		if (sp->se_process)
1217 			continue;
1218 		if ((pid = start_getty(sp)) == -1) {
1219 			/* serious trouble */
1220 			requested_transition = clean_ttys;
1221 			break;
1222 		}
1223 		sp->se_process = pid;
1224 		sp->se_started = time((time_t *) 0);
1225 		add_session(sp);
1226 	}
1227 
1228 	while (!requested_transition)
1229 		if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *) 0, 0)) != -1)
1230 			collect_child(pid);
1231 
1232 	return (state_func_t) requested_transition;
1233 }
1234 
1235 /*
1236  * This is an n-squared algorithm.  We hope it isn't run often...
1237  */
1238 state_func_t
1239 clean_ttys()
1240 {
1241 	session_t *sp, *sprev;
1242 	struct ttyent *typ;
1243 	int session_index = 0;
1244 	int devlen;
1245 
1246 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1247 		sp->se_flags &= ~SE_PRESENT;
1248 
1249 	devlen = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
1250 	while ((typ = getttyent()) != NULL) {
1251 		++session_index;
1252 
1253 		for (sprev = 0, sp = sessions; sp; sprev = sp, sp = sp->se_next)
1254 			if (strcmp(typ->ty_name, sp->se_device + devlen) == 0)
1255 				break;
1256 
1257 		if (sp) {
1258 			sp->se_flags |= SE_PRESENT;
1259 			if (sp->se_index != session_index) {
1260 				warning("port %s changed utmp index from %d to %d",
1261 				       sp->se_device, sp->se_index,
1262 				       session_index);
1263 				sp->se_index = session_index;
1264 			}
1265 			if ((typ->ty_status & TTY_ON) == 0 ||
1266 			    typ->ty_getty == 0) {
1267 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1268 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1269 				continue;
1270 			}
1271 			sp->se_flags &= ~SE_SHUTDOWN;
1272 			if (setupargv(sp, typ) == 0) {
1273 				warning("can't parse getty for port %s",
1274 					sp->se_device);
1275 				sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1276 				kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1277 			}
1278 			continue;
1279 		}
1280 
1281 		new_session(sprev, session_index, typ);
1282 	}
1283 
1284 	endttyent();
1285 
1286 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1287 		if ((sp->se_flags & SE_PRESENT) == 0) {
1288 			sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1289 			kill(sp->se_process, SIGHUP);
1290 		}
1291 
1292 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1293 }
1294 
1295 /*
1296  * Block further logins.
1297  */
1298 state_func_t
1299 catatonia()
1300 {
1301 	session_t *sp;
1302 
1303 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1304 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1305 
1306 	return (state_func_t) multi_user;
1307 }
1308 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1309 
1310 /*
1311  * Note SIGALRM.
1312  */
1313 void
1314 alrm_handler(sig)
1315 	int sig;
1316 {
1317 	clang = 1;
1318 }
1319 
1320 #ifndef LETS_GET_SMALL
1321 /*
1322  * Bring the system down to single user.
1323  */
1324 state_func_t
1325 death()
1326 {
1327 	session_t *sp;
1328 	int i;
1329 	pid_t pid;
1330 	static const int death_sigs[3] = { SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGKILL };
1331 
1332 	for (sp = sessions; sp; sp = sp->se_next)
1333 		sp->se_flags |= SE_SHUTDOWN;
1334 
1335 	/* NB: should send a message to the session logger to avoid blocking. */
1336 	logwtmp("~", "shutdown", "");
1337 
1338 	for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
1339 		if (kill(-1, death_sigs[i]) == -1 && errno == ESRCH)
1340 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1341 
1342 		clang = 0;
1343 		alarm(DEATH_WATCH);
1344 		do
1345 			if ((pid = waitpid(-1, (int *)0, 0)) != -1)
1346 				collect_child(pid);
1347 		while (clang == 0 && errno != ECHILD);
1348 
1349 		if (errno == ECHILD)
1350 			return (state_func_t) single_user;
1351 	}
1352 
1353 	warning("some processes would not die; ps axl advised");
1354 
1355 	return (state_func_t) single_user;
1356 }
1357 #endif /* LETS_GET_SMALL */
1358 
1359 #ifdef MSDOSFS_ROOT
1360 
1361 static void
1362 msdosfs_root()
1363 {
1364 	/*
1365 	 * We cannot print errors so we bail out silently...
1366 	 */
1367 	int fd = -1;
1368 	struct stat st;
1369 	pid_t pid;
1370 	int status;
1371 	void *ptr;
1372 	struct statfs sfs;
1373 
1374 	if (statfs("/", &sfs) == -1)
1375 		return;
1376 
1377 	if (strcmp(sfs.f_fstypename, MOUNT_MSDOS) != 0)
1378 		return;
1379 
1380 	/* If we have devices, we cannot be on msdosfs */
1381 	if (access(_PATH_CONSOLE, F_OK) != -1)
1382 		return;
1383 
1384 	/* Grab the contents of MAKEDEV */
1385 	if ((fd = open("/dev/MAKEDEV", O_RDONLY)) == -1)
1386 		return;
1387 
1388 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1)
1389 		goto done;
1390 
1391 	if ((ptr = mmap(0,
1392 	    st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_FILE|MAP_SHARED, fd, 0)) == (void *) -1)
1393 		goto done;
1394 
1395 	(void) close(fd);
1396 	fd = -1;
1397 
1398 	/* Mount an mfs over /dev so we can create devices */
1399 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1400 	case 0:
1401 		(void) execl("/sbin/mount_mfs", "mount_mfs", "-i", "256",
1402 		    "-s", "384", "-b", "4096", "-f", "512", "swap", "/dev",
1403 		    NULL);
1404 		goto done;
1405 
1406 	case -1:
1407 		goto done;
1408 
1409 	default:
1410 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1411 			goto done;
1412 		if (status != 0)
1413 			goto done;
1414 		break;
1415 	}
1416 
1417 	/* Create a MAKEDEV script in /dev */
1418 	if ((fd = open("/dev/MAKEDEV", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0755)) == -1)
1419 		goto done;
1420 
1421 	if (write(fd, ptr, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
1422 		goto done;
1423 
1424 	(void) munmap(ptr, st.st_size);
1425 
1426 	(void) close(fd);
1427 	fd = -1;
1428 
1429 #ifdef DEBUG
1430 	{
1431 		mode_t mode = 0666 | S_IFCHR;
1432 		dev_t dev;
1433 #ifdef CPU_CONSDEV
1434 		int s = sizeof(dev);
1435 		static int name[2] = { CTL_MACHDEP, CPU_CONSDEV };
1436 
1437   		if (sysctl(name, sizeof(name) / sizeof(name[0]), &dev, &s,
1438 		    NULL, 0) == -1)
1439 			goto done;
1440 #else
1441 		dev = makedev(0, 0);
1442 #endif
1443 
1444 		/* Make a console for us, so we can see things happening */
1445 		if (mknod(_PATH_CONSOLE, mode, dev) == -1)
1446 			goto done;
1447 	}
1448 #endif
1449 
1450 	/* Run the makedev script to create devices */
1451 	switch ((pid = fork())) {
1452 	case 0:
1453 		if (chdir("/dev") == -1)
1454 			goto done;
1455 		(void) execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "./MAKEDEV", "all", NULL);
1456 		goto done;
1457 
1458 	case -1:
1459 		goto done;
1460 
1461 	default:
1462 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
1463 		    goto done;
1464 		if (status != 0)
1465 			goto done;
1466 		break;
1467 	}
1468 
1469 done:
1470 	if (fd != -1)
1471 		(void) close(fd);
1472 }
1473 #endif
1474