1.\" $NetBSD: gpt.8,v 1.76 2022/04/07 13:57:44 kre Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Marcel Moolenaar 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 17.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 19.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 20.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 21.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 22.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 23.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 24.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 25.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26.\" 27.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/gpt/gpt.8,v 1.17 2006/06/22 22:22:32 marcel Exp $ 28.\" 29.Dd April 7, 2022 30.Dt GPT 8 31.Os 32.Sh NAME 33.Nm gpt 34.Nd GUID partition table maintenance utility 35.Sh SYNOPSIS 36.Nm 37.Op Fl Hnqrv 38.Op Fl m Ar mediasize 39.Op Fl s Ar sectorsize 40.Op Fl T Ar timestamp 41.Ar command 42.Op Ar command_options 43.Ar device 44.Nm 45.Ar set 46.Fl l 47.Nm 48.Ar unset 49.Fl l 50.Nm 51.Ar type 52.Fl l 53.Sh DESCRIPTION 54The 55.Nm 56utility provides the necessary functionality to manipulate GUID partition 57tables 58.Pq GPTs , 59but see 60.Sx BUGS 61below for how and where functionality is missing. 62The basic usage model of the 63.Nm 64tool follows that of the 65.Xr cvs 1 66tool. 67The general options are described in the following paragraph. 68The remaining paragraphs describe the individual commands with their options. 69Here we conclude by mentioning that a 70.Ar device 71is either a special file 72corresponding to a disk-like device or a regular file. 73The command is applied to each 74.Ar device 75listed on the command line. 76.Ss General Options 77The general options allow the user to change default settings or otherwise 78change the behaviour that is applicable to all commands. 79Not all commands use all default settings, so some general options may not 80have an effect on all commands. 81.Bl -tag -width XXXX 82.It Fl H 83Ignore existing MBR (Hybrid MBR/GPT mode). 84.It Fl m Ar mediasize 85Override the default media size for the device (obtained 86from the kernel if possible) or defaulting to the file size for 87plain files. 88.It Fl n 89Do not update the wedge information that 90.Nm 91changed. 92You need to use the 93.Xr dkctl 8 94command manually update the device's wedge configuration if you do that. 95.It Fl q 96Do not print error messages. 97This is not implemented completely yet. 98.It Fl r 99Open the device for reading only. 100.Nm 101Currently this option is primarily useful for the 102.Ic show 103command, but the intent is to use it to implement dry-run behaviour. 104.It Fl s Ar sectorsize 105Override the default sector size for the device (obtained 106from the kernel if possible) or 107.Dv 512 108for plain files. 109.It Fl T Ar timestamp 110Specify a timestamp to be used for uuid generation so that uuids 111are not random and can be consistent for reproducible builds. 112The timestamp can be a pathname, where the timestamps are derived from 113that file, a parseable date for parsedate(3) (this option is not 114yet available in the tools build), or an integer value interpreted 115as the number of seconds from the Epoch. 116.It Fl v 117Controls the verbosity level. 118The level increases with every occurrence of this option. 119There is no formalized definition of the different levels yet. 120.El 121.Ss Commands 122.Bl -tag -width indent 123.\" ==== add ==== 124.It Nm Ic add Oo Fl a Ar alignment Oc Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc \ 125Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl l Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar size Oc \ 126Oo Fl t Ar type Oc 127The 128.Ic add 129command allows the user to add a new partition to an existing table. 130By default, it will create a UFS partition covering the first available block 131of an unused disk space. 132The command-specific options can be used to control this behaviour. 133.Pp 134The 135.Fl a Ar alignment 136option allows the user to specify an alignment for the start and size. 137The alignment is given in bytes and may have a suffix to indicate its 138magnitude. 139.Nm 140will attempt to align the partition. 141.Pp 142The 143.Fl b Ar blocknr 144option allows the user to specify the starting (beginning) sector number of 145the partition. 146The minimum sector number is 1, but has to fall inside an unused region of 147disk space that is covered by the GPT. 148.Pp 149The 150.Fl i Ar index 151option allows the user to specify which (free) entry in the GPT table is to 152be used for the new partition. 153By default, the first free entry is selected. 154.Pp 155The 156.Fl l Ar label 157option allows the user to specify a label for the partition. 158.Pp 159The 160.Fl s Ar size 161option allows the user to specify the size of the partition. 162If there is no suffix, or the suffix is 163.Sq s 164or 165.Sq S 166then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be 167a multiple of the device's sector size. 168Accepted suffix units are 169.Sq b 170to denote bytes, 171.Sq k 172to denote kilobytes, 173.Sq m 174to denote megabytes and 175.Sq g 176to denote gigabytes. 177The minimum size is 1 sector. 178.Pp 179The 180.Fl t Ar type 181option allows the user to specify the partition type. 182The type is given as an UUID, but 183.Nm 184accepts 185.Bl -tag -width "windows-reserved" -compact -offset indent 186.It Cm apple 187Apple HFS 188.It Cm apple-ufs 189Apple UFS 190.It Cm bios 191BIOS Boot 192.It Cm efi 193EFI System 194.It Cm fbsd-legacy 195.Fx 196legacy 197.It Cm fbsd-swap 198.Fx 199swap 200.It Cm fbsd-ufs 201.Fx 202UFS/UFS2 203.It Cm fbsd-vinum 204.Fx 205vinum 206.It Cm zfs 207.Fx , 208.Nx 209ZFS 210.It Cm linux-data 211Linux data 212.It Cm linux-raid 213Linux RAID 214.It Cm linux-swap 215Linux swap 216.It Cm linux-lvm 217Linux LVM 218.It Cm windows 219Microsoft basic data - NTFS, FAT32 ("msdos"), FAT16, also used for UDF 220.It Cm windows-reserved 221Microsoft reserved 222.It Cm ccd 223.Nx 224ccd component 225.It Cm cgd 226.Nx 227Cryptographic Disk 228.It Cm ffs 229.Nx 230FFSv1/FFSv2 231.It Cm lfs 232.Nx 233LFS 234.It Cm raid 235.Nx 236RAIDFrame component 237.It Cm swap 238.Nx 239swap 240.El 241as aliases for the most commonly used partition types. 242.\" ==== backup ==== 243.It Nm Ic backup Oo Fl o Ar outfile Oc 244The 245.Ic backup 246command dumps the MBR or (PMBR) and GPT partition tables to standard 247output or to a file specified by the 248.Ar outfile 249argument in a format to be used by the 250.Ic restore 251command. 252The format is a plist. 253It should not be modified. 254.\" ==== biosboot ==== 255.It Nm Ic biosboot Oo Fl A Oc Oo Fl c Ar bootcode Oc Oo Fl b Ar startsec Oc \ 256Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl L Ar label Oc 257The 258.Ic biosboot 259command allows the user to configure the partition that contains the 260primary bootstrap program, used during 261.Xr boot 8 . 262.Pp 263The 264.Fl A 265options sets the PMBR partition active. 266This should not normally be necessary, 267but some firmware might require it. 268If 269.Fl A 270is omitted, the active flag will be cleared from the PMBR label. 271.Pp 272The 273.Fl c 274option allows the user to specify the filename from which 275.Nm 276should read the bootcode. 277The default is to read from 278.Pa /usr/mdec/gptmbr.bin . 279.Pp 280The partition that should contain the primary bootstrap code, 281.Pq similar to that installed via Xr installboot 8 282is selected using the 283.Fl i , 284.Fl L 285and 286.Fl b 287options. 288One of these three options is required. 289The 290.Fl i 291option selects the partition given by the 292.Ar index . 293The 294.Fl L 295option selects the partition by 296.Ar label . 297If there are multiple partitions with the same label, 298the first one found will be used. 299The 300.Fl b 301option selects the partition starting at block 302.Ar startsec . 303.\" ==== create ==== 304.It Nm Ic create Oo Fl AfP Oc Oo Fl p Ar partitions Oc 305The 306.Ic create 307command allows the user to create a new (empty) GPT. 308By default, one cannot create a GPT when the device contains a MBR, 309however this can be overridden with the 310.Fl f 311option. 312If the 313.Fl f 314option is specified, an existing MBR is destroyed and any partitions 315described by the MBR are lost. 316.Pp 317The 318.Fl A 319options sets the PMBR partition active. 320.Pp 321The 322.Fl P 323option tells 324.Nm 325to create only the primary table and not the backup table. 326This option is only useful for debugging and should not be used otherwise. 327.Pp 328The 329.Fl p 330option changes the default number of partitions the GPT can 331accommodate. 332This is used whenever a new GPT is created. 333By default, the 334.Nm 335utility will create space for 128 partitions (or 32 sectors of 512 bytes). 336.\" ==== destroy ==== 337.It Nm Ic destroy Oo Fl r Oc 338The 339.Ic destroy 340command allows the user to destroy an existing, possibly not empty GPT. 341.Pp 342The 343.Fl r 344option instructs 345.Nm 346to destroy the table in a way that it can be recovered. 347.\" ==== header ==== 348.It Nm Ic header 349The 350.Ic header 351command displays size information about the media and information from the 352GPT header if it exists. 353.\" ==== label ==== 354.It Nm Ic label Oo Fl a Oc Ao Fl f Ar file | Fl l Ar label Ac 355.It Nm Ic label Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \ 356Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc \ 357Ao Fl f Ar file | Fl l Ar label Ac 358The 359.Ic label 360command allows the user to label any partitions that match the selection. 361At least one of the following selection options must be specified. 362.Pp 363The 364.Fl a 365option specifies that all partitions should be labeled. 366It is mutually exclusive with all other selection options. 367.Pp 368The 369.Fl b Ar blocknr 370option selects the partition that starts at the given block number. 371.Pp 372The 373.Fl i Ar index 374option selects the partition with the given partition number. 375.Pp 376The 377.Fl L Ar label 378option selects all partitions that have the given label. 379This can cause multiple partitions to be relabeled. 380.Pp 381The 382.Fl s Ar sectors 383option selects all partitions that have the given size. 384This can cause multiple partitions to be labeled. 385.Pp 386The 387.Fl t Ar type 388option selects all partitions that have the given type. 389The type is given as an UUID or by the aliases that the 390.Ic add 391command accepts. 392This can cause multiple partitions to be labeled. 393.Pp 394The 395.Fl f Ar file 396or 397.Fl l Ar label 398options specify the new label to be assigned to the selected partitions. 399The 400.Fl f Ar file 401option is used to read the label from the specified file. 402Only the first line is read from the file and the trailing newline 403character is stripped. 404If the file name is the dash or minus sign 405.Pq Fl , 406the label is read from 407the standard input. 408The 409.Fl l Ar label 410option is used to specify the label in the command line. 411The label is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8. 412.\" ==== migrate ==== 413.It Nm Ic migrate Oo Fl Afs Oc Oo Fl p Ar partitions Oc 414The 415.Ic migrate 416command allows the user to migrate an MBR-based disk partitioning into a 417GPT-based partitioning. 418By default, the MBR is not migrated when it contains partitions of an unknown 419type. 420This can be overridden with the 421.Fl f 422option. 423Specifying the 424.Fl f 425option will cause unknown partitions to be ignored and any data in it 426to be lost. 427.Pp 428The 429.Fl A 430options sets the PMBR partition active. 431.Pp 432The 433.Fl s 434option prevents migrating 435.Bx 436disk labels into GPT partitions by creating 437the GPT equivalent of a slice. 438Note that the 439.Fl s 440option is not applicable to 441.Nx 442partitions. 443.Pp 444The 445.Fl p 446option changes the default number of partitions the GPT can 447accommodate. 448This is used whenever a new GPT is created. 449By default, the 450.Nm 451utility will create space for 128 partitions (or 32 sectors of 512 bytes). 452.Pp 453The 454.Ic migrate 455command requires space at the beginning and the end of the device outside 456any partitions to store the GPTs. 457Space is required for the GPT header 458.Pq which takes one sector 459and the GPT partition table. 460See the 461.Fl p 462option 463for the size of the GPT partition table. 464By default, just about all devices have a minimum of 62 sectors free at the 465beginning of the device, but do not have any free space at the end. 466For the default GPT partition table size on a 512 byte sector size device, 46733 sectors at the end of the device would need to be freed. 468.\" ==== recover ==== 469.It Nm Ic recover 470The 471.Ic recover 472command tries to restore the GPT partition label from the backup 473near the end of the disk. 474It is very useful in case the primary label was deleted. 475.\" ==== remove ==== 476.It Nm Ic remove Oo Fl a Oc 477.It Nm Ic remove Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \ 478Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc 479The 480.Ic remove 481command allows the user to remove any and all partitions that match the 482selection. 483It uses the same selection options as the 484.Ic label 485command. 486See above for a description of these options. 487Partitions are removed by clearing the partition type. 488No other information is changed. 489.\" ==== resize ==== 490.It Nm Ic resize Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl b Ar startsec Oc Oo Fl a Ar alignment Oc \ 491Oo Fl s Ar size Oc Oo Fl q Oc 492The 493.Ic resize 494command allows the user to resize a partition. 495The partition may be shrunk and if there is sufficient free space 496immediately after it then it may be expanded. 497The 498.Fl s 499option allows the new size to be specified, otherwise the partition will 500be increased to the maximum available size. 501If there is no suffix, or the suffix is 502.Sq s 503or 504.Sq S 505then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be 506a multiple of the device's sector size. 507Accepted suffix units are 508.Sq b 509to denote bytes, 510.Sq k 511to denote kilobytes, 512.Sq m 513to denote megabytes and 514.Sq g 515to denote gigabytes. 516The minimum size is 1 sector. 517If the 518.Fl a 519option is specified then the size will be adjusted to be a multiple of 520alignment if possible. 521If the 522.Fl q 523option is specified then the utility will not print output when a 524resize is not required. 525.\" ==== resizedisk ==== 526.It Nm Ic resizedisk Oo Fl s Ar size Oc Oo Fl q Oc 527The 528.Ic resizedisk 529command allows the user to resize a disk. 530With GPTs, a backup copy is stored at the end of the disk. 531If the underlying medium changes size 532.Pq or is going to change size , 533then the backup copy needs to be moved to the new end of the disk, 534and the last sector available for data storage needs to be adjusted. 535This command does that. 536If the backup copy no longer exists due to the medium shrinking, then 537a new backup copy will be created using the primary copy. 538.Pp 539The 540.Fl s 541option allows the new size to be specified, otherwise the backup copy 542will automatically be placed at the current end of the disk. 543If there is no suffix, or the suffix is 544.Sq s 545or 546.Sq S 547then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be 548a multiple of the device's sector size. 549Accepted suffix units are 550.Sq b 551to denote bytes, 552.Sq k 553to denote kilobytes, 554.Sq m 555to denote megabytes and 556.Sq g 557to denote gigabytes. 558Using the 559.Fl s 560option allows you to move the backup copy prior to resizing the medium. 561This is primarily useful when shrinking the medium. 562If the 563.Fl q 564option is specified then the utility will not print output when a 565resize is not required. 566.\" ==== restore ==== 567.It Nm Ic restore Oo Fl F Oc Oo Fl i Ar infile Oc 568The 569.Ic restore 570command restores a partition table that was previously saved using the 571.Ic backup 572command. 573The partition table is read from standard input or a file specified in 574the 575.Ar infile 576argument and is expected to be in the format of a plist. 577It assumes an empty disk. 578The 579.Fl F 580option can be used to blank the disk. 581The new disk does not have to be the same size as the old disk as long as all 582the partitions fit, as 583.Ic restore 584will automatically adjust. 585However, the new disk must use the same sector size as the old disk. 586.\" ==== set ==== 587.It Nm Ic set Oo Fl a Ar attribute Oc Oo Fl N Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \ 588Oo Fl b Ar startsec Oc 589.It Nm Ic set Fl l 590The 591.Ic set 592command sets various partition attributes. 593The 594.Fl l 595flag lists all available attributes. 596The 597.Fl a 598option specifies which attributes to set and may be specified more than once, 599or the attributes can be comma-separated. 600If the 601.Fl N 602option and no 603.Fl a 604option are specified, all attributes are removed. 605The 606.Fl i 607or the 608.Fl b 609option specify which entry to update. 610The possible attributes are 611.Do biosboot Dc , 612.Do bootme Dc , 613.Do bootonce Dc , 614.Do bootfailed Dc , 615.Do noblockio Dc , and 616.Do required Dc . 617The biosboot flag is used to indicate which partition should be booted 618by legacy BIOS boot code. 619See the 620.Ic biosboot 621command for more information. 622The bootme flag is used to indicate which partition should be booted 623by UEFI boot code. 624The other attributes are for compatibility with 625.Fx 626and are not currently used by 627.Nx . 628They may be used by 629.Nx 630in the future. 631.\" ==== show ==== 632.It Nm Ic show Oo Fl aglu Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl b Ar startsec Oc 633The 634.Ic show 635command displays the current partitioning on the listed devices and gives 636an overall view of the disk contents. 637With the 638.Fl g 639option the GPT partition GUID will be displayed instead of the GPT partition 640type. 641With the 642.Fl l 643option the GPT partition label will be displayed instead of the GPT partition 644type. 645With the 646.Fl u 647option the GPT partition type is displayed as an UUID instead of in a 648user friendly form. 649With the 650.Fl i 651or the 652.Fl b 653option, all the details of a particular GPT partition will be displayed. 654The format of this display is subject to change. 655With the 656.Fl a 657option, all information for all GPT partitions (just like with 658.Fl i Ar index ) 659will be printed. 660None of the options have any effect on non-GPT partitions. 661The order of precedence for the options are: 662.Fl a , 663.Fl i , 664.Fl l , 665.Fl g , 666.Fl u . 667.\" ==== type ==== 668.It Nm Ic type Oo Fl a Oc Fl T Ar newtype 669.It Nm Ic type Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \ 670Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc \ 671Fl T Ar newtype 672.It Nm Ic type Fl l 673The 674.Ic type 675command allows the user to change the type of any and all partitions 676that match the selection. 677It uses the same selection options as the 678.Ic label 679command. 680See above for a description of these options. 681The 682.Fl l 683flag lists available types. 684.\" ==== unset ==== 685.It Nm Ic unset Fl a Ar attribute Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl b Ar startsec Oc 686.It Nm Ic unset Fl l 687The 688.Ic unset 689command unsets various partition attributes. 690The 691.Fl l 692flag lists all available attributes. 693The 694.Fl a 695option specifies which attributes to unset and may be specified more than once. 696Alternatively a comma separated list of attributes can be used. 697The 698.Fl i 699or the 700.Fl b 701option specifies which entry to update. 702The possible attributes are 703.Do biosboot Dc , 704.Do bootme Dc , 705.Do bootonce Dc , 706.Do bootfailed Dc , 707.Do noblockio Dc , and 708.Do required Dc . 709The biosboot flag is used to indicate which partition should be booted 710by legacy BIOS boot code. 711See the 712.Ic biosboot 713command for more information. 714The other attributes are for compatibility with 715.Fx 716and are not currently used by any 717.Nx 718code. 719They may be used by 720.Nx 721code in the future. 722.\" ==== uuid ==== 723.It Nm Ic uuid Oo Fl a Oc 724.It Nm Ic uuid Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \ 725Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc 726The 727.Ic uuid 728command allows the user to change the UUID of any and all partitions 729that match the selection. 730It uses the same selection options as the 731.Ic label 732command. 733See above for a description of these options. 734If 735.Fl a 736is used, then the header UUID is changed as well. 737.Pp 738The primary purpose of this command is for use after cloning a disk to 739prevent collisions when both disks are used in the same system. 740.\" ==== end of commands ==== 741.El 742.Sh EXIT STATUS 743The 744.Nm 745command exits with a failure status (1) when the header command 746is used and no GPT header is found. 747This can be used to check for the existence of a GPT in shell scripts. 748.Sh EXAMPLES 749.Bd -literal 750nas# gpt show wd3 751 start size index contents 752 0 1 PMBR 753 1 3907029167 754nas# gpt create wd3 755nas# gpt show wd3 756 start size index contents 757 0 1 PMBR 758 1 1 Pri GPT header 759 2 32 Pri GPT table 760 34 3907029101 761 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table 762 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header 763nas# gpt add -s 10486224 -t swap -i 1 wd3 764nas# gpt label -i 1 -l swap_1 wd3 765partition 1 on rwd3d labeled swap_1 766nas# gpt show wd3 767 start size index contents 768 0 1 PMBR 769 1 1 Pri GPT header 770 2 32 Pri GPT table 771 34 10486224 1 GPT part - NetBSD swap 772 10486258 3896542877 773 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table 774 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header 775nas# gpt show -l wd3 776 start size index contents 777 0 1 PMBR 778 1 1 Pri GPT header 779 2 32 Pri GPT table 780 34 10486224 1 GPT part - "swap_1" 781 10486258 3896542877 782 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table 783 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header 784nas# 785.Ed 786.Pp 787Booting from GPT on a BIOS system: this creates a bootable partition. 788.Bd -literal 789xotica# gpt create wd1 790xotica# gpt add -b 1024 -l bootroot -t ffs -s 1g wd1 791/dev/rwd1: Partition 1 added: 49f48d5a-b10e-11dc-b99b-0019d1879648 1024 2097152 792xotica ~# dmesg | tail -2 793wd1: GPT GUID: 660e0630-0a3f-47c0-bc52-c88bcec79392 794dk0 at wd1: "bootroot", 2097152 blocks at 1024, type: ffs 795xotica# gpt biosboot -L bootroot wd1 796xotica# newfs dk0 797xotica# installboot /dev/rdk0 /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1 798xotica# mount /dev/dk0 /mnt 799xotica# cp /usr/mdec/boot /mnt 800.Ed 801.Pp 802Note that 803.Ic biosboot 804is not needed for UEFI systems. 805.Sh SEE ALSO 806.Xr boot 8 , 807.Xr dkctl 8 , 808.Xr fdisk 8 , 809.Xr installboot 8 , 810.Xr mount 8 , 811.Xr newfs 8 , 812.Xr swapctl 8 813.Sh HISTORY 814The 815.Nm 816utility appeared in 817.Fx 5.0 818for ia64. 819.Nm 820utility first appeared in 821.Nx 5.0 . 822.Sh BUGS 823The development of the 824.Nm 825utility is still work in progress. 826Many necessary features are missing or partially implemented. 827In practice this means that the manual page, supposed to describe these 828features, is farther removed from being complete or useful. 829As such, missing functionality is not even documented as missing. 830However, it is believed that the currently present functionality is reliable 831and stable enough that this tool can be used without bullet-proof footware if 832one thinks one does not make mistakes. 833.Pp 834It is expected that the basic usage model does not change, but it is 835possible that future versions will not be compatible in the strictest sense 836of the word. 837Also, options primarily intended for diagnostic or debug purposes may be 838removed in future versions. 839.Pp 840Another possibility is that the current usage model is accompanied by 841other interfaces to make the tool usable as a back-end. 842This all depends on demand and thus feedback. 843