1.\" $NetBSD: fsdb.8,v 1.22 2008/04/30 13:10:53 martin Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1996 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation 7.\" by John T. Kohl. 8.\" 9.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11.\" are met: 12.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 20.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 21.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 22.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 23.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 24.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 25.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 26.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 27.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 28.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.Dd January 3, 2004 31.Dt FSDB 8 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm fsdb 35.Nd FFS debugging/editing tool 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl dFn 39.Fl f Ar fsname 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41.Nm 42opens 43.Ar fsname 44(usually a raw disk partition) and runs a command loop 45allowing manipulation of the file system's inode data. 46You are prompted to enter a command with 47.Dq "fsdb (inum X)\*[Gt]" 48where 49.Va X 50is the currently selected i-number. 51The initial selected inode is the root of the filesystem (i-number 2). 52The command processor uses the 53.Xr editline 3 54library, so you can use command line editing to reduce typing if desired. 55When you exit the command loop, the file system superblock is marked 56dirty and any buffered blocks are written to the file system. 57.Pp 58The 59.Fl d 60option enables additional debugging output (which comes primarily from 61.Xr fsck 8 Ns -derived 62code). 63.Pp 64The 65.Fl F 66option indicates that 67.Ar filesystem 68is a file system image, rather than a raw character device. 69It will be accessed 70.Sq as-is , 71and no attempts will be made to read a disklabel. 72.Pp 73The 74.Fl n 75option disables writing to the device, preventing any changes from being made 76to the filesystem. 77.Sh COMMANDS 78Besides the built-in 79.Xr editline 3 80commands, 81.Nm 82supports these commands: 83.Pp 84.Bl -tag -width indent -compact 85.It Cm help 86Print out the list of accepted commands. 87.Pp 88.It Cm inode Ar i-number 89Select inode 90.Ar i-number 91as the new current inode. 92.Pp 93.It Cm back 94Revert to the previously current inode. 95.Pp 96.It Cm clri 97Clear the current inode. 98.Pp 99.It Cm lookup Ar name 100.It Cm cd Ar name 101Find 102.Ar name 103in the current directory and make its inode the current inode. 104.Ar Name 105may be a multi-component name or may begin with slash to indicate that 106the root inode should be used to start the lookup. 107If some component along the pathname is not found, 108the last valid directory encountered is left as the active inode. 109.br 110This command is valid only if the starting inode is a directory. 111.Pp 112.It Cm active 113.It Cm print 114Print out the active inode. 115.Pp 116.It Cm uplink 117Increment the active inode's link count. 118.Pp 119.It Cm downlink 120Decrement the active inode's link count. 121.Pp 122.It Cm linkcount Ar number 123Set the active inode's link count to 124.Ar number . 125.Pp 126.It Cm ls 127List the current inode's directory entries. 128This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory. 129.Pp 130.It Cm blks 131List the current inode's blocks numbers. 132.Pp 133.It Cm findblk Ar disk block number ... 134Find the inode(s) owning the specified disk block(s) number(s). 135Note that these are not absolute disk blocks numbers, but offsets from the 136start of the partition. 137.Pp 138.It Cm rm Ar name 139.It Cm del Ar name 140Remove the entry 141.Ar name 142from the current directory inode. 143This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory. 144.Pp 145.It Cm ln Ar ino Ar name 146Create a link to inode 147.Ar ino 148under the name 149.Ar name 150in the current directory inode. 151This command is valid only if the current inode is a directory. 152.Pp 153.It Cm chinum Ar dirslot Ar inum 154Change the i-number in directory entry 155.Ar dirslot 156to 157.Ar inum . 158.Pp 159.It Cm chname Ar dirslot Ar name 160Change the name in directory entry 161.Ar dirslot 162to 163.Ar name . 164This command cannot expand a directory entry. 165You can only rename an entry if the name will fit into 166the existing directory slot. 167.Pp 168.It Cm chtype Ar type 169Change the type of the current inode to 170.Ar type . 171.Ar type 172may be one of: 173.Em file , 174.Em dir , 175.Em socket , 176or 177.Em fifo . 178.Pp 179.It Cm chmod Ar mode 180Change the mode bits of the current inode to 181.Ar mode . 182You cannot change the file type with this subcommand; use 183.Ic chtype 184to do that. 185.Pp 186.It Cm chflags Ar flags 187Change the file flags of the current inode to 188.Ar flags . 189.Pp 190.It Cm chown Ar uid 191Change the owner of the current inode to 192.Ar uid . 193.Pp 194.It Cm chgrp Ar gid 195Change the group of the current inode to 196.Ar gid . 197.Pp 198.It Cm chgen Ar gen 199Change the generation number of the current inode to 200.Ar gen . 201.Pp 202.It Cm mtime Ar time 203.It Cm ctime Ar time 204.It Cm atime Ar time 205Change the modification, change, or access time (respectively) on the 206current inode to 207.Ar time . 208.Ar Time 209should be in the format 210.Em YYYYMMDDHHMMSS[.nsec] 211where 212.Em nsec 213is an optional nanosecond specification. 214If no nanoseconds are specified, the 215.Va mtimensec , 216.Va ctimensec , 217or 218.Va atimensec 219field will be set to zero. 220.Pp 221.It Cm quit, Cm q, Cm exit, Aq Em EOF 222Exit the program. 223.El 224.Sh SEE ALSO 225.Xr editline 3 , 226.Xr fs 5 , 227.Xr clri 8 , 228.Xr fsck 8 229.Sh HISTORY 230.Nm 231uses the source code for 232.Xr fsck 8 233to implement most of the file system manipulation code. 234The remainder of 235.Nm 236first appeared in 237.Nx 1.1 . 238.Sh WARNING 239Use this tool with extreme caution -- you can damage an FFS file system 240beyond what 241.Xr fsck 8 242can repair. 243.Sh BUGS 244Manipulation of 245.Dq short 246symlinks doesn't work (in particular, don't 247try changing a symlink's type). 248.br 249You must specify modes as numbers rather than symbolic names. 250.br 251There are a bunch of other things that you might want to do which 252.Nm 253doesn't implement. 254