xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/fsck_lfs/lfs.c (revision bdc22b2e01993381dcefeff2bc9b56ca75a4235c)
1 /* $NetBSD: lfs.c,v 1.74 2018/06/12 20:12:21 zafer Exp $ */
2 /*-
3  * Copyright (c) 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
4  * All rights reserved.
5  *
6  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
7  * by Konrad E. Schroder <perseant@hhhh.org>.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  *
18  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
19  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
20  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
21  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
22  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
23  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
24  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
25  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
26  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
27  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
28  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
29  */
30 /*
31  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
32  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
33  * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
34  * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed
35  * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph
36  * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with
37  * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
38  *
39  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41  * are met:
42  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
48  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
49  *    without specific prior written permission.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
52  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
53  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
54  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
55  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
56  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
57  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
58  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
59  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
60  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
61  * SUCH DAMAGE.
62  *
63  *	@(#)ufs_bmap.c	8.8 (Berkeley) 8/11/95
64  */
65 
66 
67 #include <sys/types.h>
68 #include <sys/param.h>
69 #include <sys/time.h>
70 #include <sys/buf.h>
71 #include <sys/mount.h>
72 
73 #define vnode uvnode
74 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs.h>
75 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs_inode.h>
76 #include <ufs/lfs/lfs_accessors.h>
77 #undef vnode
78 
79 #include <assert.h>
80 #include <err.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <stdarg.h>
83 #include <stdbool.h>
84 #include <stdio.h>
85 #include <stdlib.h>
86 #include <string.h>
87 #include <unistd.h>
88 #include <util.h>
89 
90 #include "bufcache.h"
91 #include "vnode.h"
92 #include "lfs_user.h"
93 #include "segwrite.h"
94 #include "kernelops.h"
95 
96 #define panic call_panic
97 
98 extern u_int32_t cksum(void *, size_t);
99 extern u_int32_t lfs_sb_cksum(struct lfs *);
100 extern void pwarn(const char *, ...);
101 
102 extern struct uvnodelst vnodelist;
103 extern struct uvnodelst getvnodelist[VNODE_HASH_MAX];
104 extern int nvnodes;
105 
106 long dev_bsize = DEV_BSIZE;
107 
108 static int
109 lfs_fragextend(struct uvnode *, int, int, daddr_t, struct ubuf **);
110 
111 int fsdirty = 0;
112 void (*panic_func)(int, const char *, va_list) = my_vpanic;
113 
114 /*
115  * LFS buffer and uvnode operations
116  */
117 
118 int
119 lfs_vop_strategy(struct ubuf * bp)
120 {
121 	int count;
122 
123 	if (bp->b_flags & B_READ) {
124 		count = kops.ko_pread(bp->b_vp->v_fd, bp->b_data, bp->b_bcount,
125 		    bp->b_blkno * dev_bsize);
126 		if (count == bp->b_bcount)
127 			bp->b_flags |= B_DONE;
128 	} else {
129 		count = kops.ko_pwrite(bp->b_vp->v_fd, bp->b_data, bp->b_bcount,
130 		    bp->b_blkno * dev_bsize);
131 		if (count == 0) {
132 			perror("pwrite");
133 			return -1;
134 		}
135 		bp->b_flags &= ~B_DELWRI;
136 		reassignbuf(bp, bp->b_vp);
137 	}
138 	return 0;
139 }
140 
141 int
142 lfs_vop_bwrite(struct ubuf * bp)
143 {
144 	struct lfs *fs;
145 
146 	fs = bp->b_vp->v_fs;
147 	if (!(bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI)) {
148 		lfs_sb_subavail(fs, lfs_btofsb(fs, bp->b_bcount));
149 	}
150 	bp->b_flags |= B_DELWRI | B_LOCKED;
151 	reassignbuf(bp, bp->b_vp);
152 	brelse(bp, 0);
153 	return 0;
154 }
155 
156 /*
157  * ulfs_bmaparray does the bmap conversion, and if requested returns the
158  * array of logical blocks which must be traversed to get to a block.
159  * Each entry contains the offset into that block that gets you to the
160  * next block and the disk address of the block (if it is assigned).
161  */
162 int
163 ulfs_bmaparray(struct lfs * fs, struct uvnode * vp, daddr_t bn, daddr_t * bnp, struct indir * ap, int *nump)
164 {
165 	struct inode *ip;
166 	struct ubuf *bp;
167 	struct indir a[ULFS_NIADDR + 1], *xap;
168 	daddr_t daddr;
169 	daddr_t metalbn;
170 	int error, num;
171 
172 	ip = VTOI(vp);
173 
174 	if (bn >= 0 && bn < ULFS_NDADDR) {
175 		if (nump != NULL)
176 			*nump = 0;
177 		*bnp = LFS_FSBTODB(fs, lfs_dino_getdb(fs, ip->i_din, bn));
178 		if (*bnp == 0)
179 			*bnp = -1;
180 		return (0);
181 	}
182 	xap = ap == NULL ? a : ap;
183 	if (!nump)
184 		nump = &num;
185 	if ((error = ulfs_getlbns(fs, vp, bn, xap, nump)) != 0)
186 		return (error);
187 
188 	num = *nump;
189 
190 	/* Get disk address out of indirect block array */
191 	daddr = lfs_dino_getib(fs, ip->i_din, xap->in_off);
192 
193 	for (bp = NULL, ++xap; --num; ++xap) {
194 		/* Exit the loop if there is no disk address assigned yet and
195 		 * the indirect block isn't in the cache, or if we were
196 		 * looking for an indirect block and we've found it. */
197 
198 		metalbn = xap->in_lbn;
199 		if ((daddr == 0 && !incore(vp, metalbn)) || metalbn == bn)
200 			break;
201 		/*
202 		 * If we get here, we've either got the block in the cache
203 		 * or we have a disk address for it, go fetch it.
204 		 */
205 		if (bp)
206 			brelse(bp, 0);
207 
208 		xap->in_exists = 1;
209 		bp = getblk(vp, metalbn, lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
210 
211 		if (!(bp->b_flags & (B_DONE | B_DELWRI))) {
212 			bp->b_blkno = LFS_FSBTODB(fs, daddr);
213 			bp->b_flags |= B_READ;
214 			VOP_STRATEGY(bp);
215 		}
216 		daddr = lfs_iblock_get(fs, bp->b_data, xap->in_off);
217 	}
218 	if (bp)
219 		brelse(bp, 0);
220 
221 	daddr = LFS_FSBTODB(fs, daddr);
222 	*bnp = daddr == 0 ? -1 : daddr;
223 	return (0);
224 }
225 
226 /*
227  * Create an array of logical block number/offset pairs which represent the
228  * path of indirect blocks required to access a data block.  The first "pair"
229  * contains the logical block number of the appropriate single, double or
230  * triple indirect block and the offset into the inode indirect block array.
231  * Note, the logical block number of the inode single/double/triple indirect
232  * block appears twice in the array, once with the offset into di_ib and
233  * once with the offset into the page itself.
234  */
235 int
236 ulfs_getlbns(struct lfs * fs, struct uvnode * vp, daddr_t bn, struct indir * ap, int *nump)
237 {
238 	daddr_t metalbn, realbn;
239 	int64_t blockcnt;
240 	int lbc;
241 	int i, numlevels, off;
242 	int lognindir, indir;
243 
244 	metalbn = 0;    /* XXXGCC -Wuninitialized [sh3] */
245 
246 	if (nump)
247 		*nump = 0;
248 	numlevels = 0;
249 	realbn = bn;
250 	if (bn < 0)
251 		bn = -bn;
252 
253 	lognindir = -1;
254 	for (indir = lfs_sb_getnindir(fs); indir; indir >>= 1)
255 		++lognindir;
256 
257 	/* Determine the number of levels of indirection.  After this loop is
258 	 * done, blockcnt indicates the number of data blocks possible at the
259 	 * given level of indirection, and ULFS_NIADDR - i is the number of levels
260 	 * of indirection needed to locate the requested block. */
261 
262 	bn -= ULFS_NDADDR;
263 	for (lbc = 0, i = ULFS_NIADDR;; i--, bn -= blockcnt) {
264 		if (i == 0)
265 			return (EFBIG);
266 
267 		lbc += lognindir;
268 		blockcnt = (int64_t) 1 << lbc;
269 
270 		if (bn < blockcnt)
271 			break;
272 	}
273 
274 	/* Calculate the address of the first meta-block. */
275 	metalbn = -((realbn >= 0 ? realbn : -realbn) - bn + ULFS_NIADDR - i);
276 
277 	/* At each iteration, off is the offset into the bap array which is an
278 	 * array of disk addresses at the current level of indirection. The
279 	 * logical block number and the offset in that block are stored into
280 	 * the argument array. */
281 	ap->in_lbn = metalbn;
282 	ap->in_off = off = ULFS_NIADDR - i;
283 	ap->in_exists = 0;
284 	ap++;
285 	for (++numlevels; i <= ULFS_NIADDR; i++) {
286 		/* If searching for a meta-data block, quit when found. */
287 		if (metalbn == realbn)
288 			break;
289 
290 		lbc -= lognindir;
291 		/*blockcnt = (int64_t) 1 << lbc;*/
292 		off = (bn >> lbc) & (lfs_sb_getnindir(fs) - 1);
293 
294 		++numlevels;
295 		ap->in_lbn = metalbn;
296 		ap->in_off = off;
297 		ap->in_exists = 0;
298 		++ap;
299 
300 		metalbn -= -1 + (off << lbc);
301 	}
302 	if (nump)
303 		*nump = numlevels;
304 	return (0);
305 }
306 
307 int
308 lfs_vop_bmap(struct uvnode * vp, daddr_t lbn, daddr_t * daddrp)
309 {
310 	return ulfs_bmaparray(vp->v_fs, vp, lbn, daddrp, NULL, NULL);
311 }
312 
313 /* Search a block for a specific dinode. */
314 union lfs_dinode *
315 lfs_ifind(struct lfs *fs, ino_t ino, struct ubuf *bp)
316 {
317 	union lfs_dinode *ldip;
318 	unsigned i, num;
319 
320 	num = LFS_INOPB(fs);
321 
322 	/*
323 	 * Read the inode block backwards, since later versions of the
324 	 * inode will supercede earlier ones.  Though it is unlikely, it is
325 	 * possible that the same inode will appear in the same inode block.
326 	 */
327 	for (i = num; i-- > 0; ) {
328 		ldip = DINO_IN_BLOCK(fs, bp->b_data, i);
329 		if (lfs_dino_getinumber(fs, ldip) == ino)
330 			return (ldip);
331 	}
332 	return NULL;
333 }
334 
335 /*
336  * lfs_raw_vget makes us a new vnode from the inode at the given disk address.
337  * XXX it currently loses atime information.
338  */
339 struct uvnode *
340 lfs_raw_vget(struct lfs * fs, ino_t ino, int fd, daddr_t daddr)
341 {
342 	struct uvnode *vp;
343 	struct inode *ip;
344 	union lfs_dinode *dip;
345 	struct ubuf *bp;
346 	int i, hash;
347 
348 	vp = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*vp));
349 	vp->v_fd = fd;
350 	vp->v_fs = fs;
351 	vp->v_usecount = 0;
352 	vp->v_strategy_op = lfs_vop_strategy;
353 	vp->v_bwrite_op = lfs_vop_bwrite;
354 	vp->v_bmap_op = lfs_vop_bmap;
355 	LIST_INIT(&vp->v_cleanblkhd);
356 	LIST_INIT(&vp->v_dirtyblkhd);
357 
358 	ip = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*ip));
359 
360 	ip->i_din = dip = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*dip));
361 
362 	/* Initialize the inode -- from lfs_vcreate. */
363 	ip->inode_ext.lfs = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*ip->inode_ext.lfs));
364 	vp->v_data = ip;
365 	/* ip->i_vnode = vp; */
366 	ip->i_lockf = 0;
367 	ip->i_state = 0;
368 
369 	/* Load inode block and find inode */
370 	if (daddr > 0) {
371 		bread(fs->lfs_devvp, LFS_FSBTODB(fs, daddr), lfs_sb_getibsize(fs),
372 		    0, &bp);
373 		bp->b_flags |= B_AGE;
374 		dip = lfs_ifind(fs, ino, bp);
375 		if (dip == NULL) {
376 			brelse(bp, 0);
377 			free(ip->i_din);
378 			free(ip->inode_ext.lfs);
379 			free(ip);
380 			free(vp);
381 			return NULL;
382 		}
383 		lfs_copy_dinode(fs, ip->i_din, dip);
384 		brelse(bp, 0);
385 	}
386 	ip->i_number = ino;
387 	/* ip->i_devvp = fs->lfs_devvp; */
388 	ip->i_lfs = fs;
389 
390 	ip->i_lfs_effnblks = lfs_dino_getblocks(fs, ip->i_din);
391 	ip->i_lfs_osize = lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din);
392 #if 0
393 	if (lfs_sb_getversion(fs) > 1) {
394 		lfs_dino_setatime(fs, ip->i_din, ts.tv_sec);
395 		lfs_dino_setatimensec(fs, ip->i_din, ts.tv_nsec);
396 	}
397 #endif
398 
399 	memset(ip->i_lfs_fragsize, 0, ULFS_NDADDR * sizeof(*ip->i_lfs_fragsize));
400 	for (i = 0; i < ULFS_NDADDR; i++)
401 		if (lfs_dino_getdb(fs, ip->i_din, i) != 0)
402 			ip->i_lfs_fragsize[i] = lfs_blksize(fs, ip, i);
403 
404 	++nvnodes;
405 	hash = ((int)(intptr_t)fs + ino) & (VNODE_HASH_MAX - 1);
406 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&getvnodelist[hash], vp, v_getvnodes);
407 	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&vnodelist, vp, v_mntvnodes);
408 
409 	return vp;
410 }
411 
412 static struct uvnode *
413 lfs_vget(void *vfs, ino_t ino)
414 {
415 	struct lfs *fs = (struct lfs *)vfs;
416 	daddr_t daddr;
417 	struct ubuf *bp;
418 	IFILE *ifp;
419 
420 	LFS_IENTRY(ifp, fs, ino, bp);
421 	daddr = lfs_if_getdaddr(fs, ifp);
422 	brelse(bp, 0);
423 	if (daddr <= 0 || lfs_dtosn(fs, daddr) >= lfs_sb_getnseg(fs))
424 		return NULL;
425 	return lfs_raw_vget(fs, ino, fs->lfs_ivnode->v_fd, daddr);
426 }
427 
428 /*
429  * Check superblock magic number and checksum.
430  * Sets lfs_is64 and lfs_dobyteswap.
431  */
432 static int
433 check_sb(struct lfs *fs)
434 {
435 	u_int32_t checksum;
436 	u_int32_t magic;
437 
438 	/* we can read the magic out of either the 32-bit or 64-bit dlfs */
439 	magic = fs->lfs_dlfs_u.u_32.dlfs_magic;
440 
441 	switch (magic) {
442 	    case LFS_MAGIC:
443 		fs->lfs_is64 = false;
444 		fs->lfs_dobyteswap = false;
445 		break;
446 	    case LFS_MAGIC_SWAPPED:
447 		fs->lfs_is64 = false;
448 		fs->lfs_dobyteswap = true;
449 		break;
450 	    case LFS64_MAGIC:
451 		fs->lfs_is64 = true;
452 		fs->lfs_dobyteswap = false;
453 		break;
454 	    case LFS64_MAGIC_SWAPPED:
455 		fs->lfs_is64 = true;
456 		fs->lfs_dobyteswap = true;
457 		break;
458 	    default:
459 		printf("Superblock magic number (0x%lx) does not match "
460 		       "expected 0x%lx\n", (unsigned long) magic,
461 		       (unsigned long) LFS_MAGIC);
462 		return 1;
463 	}
464 
465 	/* checksum */
466 	checksum = lfs_sb_cksum(fs);
467 	if (lfs_sb_getcksum(fs) != checksum) {
468 		printf("Superblock checksum (%lx) does not match computed checksum (%lx)\n",
469 		    (unsigned long) lfs_sb_getcksum(fs), (unsigned long) checksum);
470 		return 1;
471 	}
472 	return 0;
473 }
474 
475 /* Initialize LFS library; load superblocks and choose which to use. */
476 struct lfs *
477 lfs_init(int devfd, daddr_t sblkno, daddr_t idaddr, int dummy_read, int debug)
478 {
479 	struct uvnode *devvp;
480 	struct ubuf *bp;
481 	int tryalt;
482 	struct lfs *fs, *altfs;
483 
484 	vfs_init();
485 
486 	devvp = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*devvp));
487 	devvp->v_fs = NULL;
488 	devvp->v_fd = devfd;
489 	devvp->v_strategy_op = raw_vop_strategy;
490 	devvp->v_bwrite_op = raw_vop_bwrite;
491 	devvp->v_bmap_op = raw_vop_bmap;
492 	LIST_INIT(&devvp->v_cleanblkhd);
493 	LIST_INIT(&devvp->v_dirtyblkhd);
494 
495 	tryalt = 0;
496 	if (dummy_read) {
497 		if (sblkno == 0)
498 			sblkno = LFS_LABELPAD / dev_bsize;
499 		fs = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*fs));
500 		fs->lfs_devvp = devvp;
501 	} else {
502 		if (sblkno == 0) {
503 			sblkno = LFS_LABELPAD / dev_bsize;
504 			tryalt = 1;
505 		} else if (debug) {
506 			printf("No -b flag given, not attempting to verify checkpoint\n");
507 		}
508 
509 		dev_bsize = DEV_BSIZE;
510 
511 		(void)bread(devvp, sblkno, LFS_SBPAD, 0, &bp);
512 		fs = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*fs));
513 		__CTASSERT(sizeof(struct dlfs) == sizeof(struct dlfs64));
514 		memcpy(&fs->lfs_dlfs_u, bp->b_data, sizeof(struct dlfs));
515 		fs->lfs_devvp = devvp;
516 		bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
517 		brelse(bp, 0);
518 
519 		dev_bsize = lfs_sb_getfsize(fs) >> lfs_sb_getfsbtodb(fs);
520 
521 		if (tryalt) {
522 			(void)bread(devvp, LFS_FSBTODB(fs, lfs_sb_getsboff(fs, 1)),
523 		    	LFS_SBPAD, 0, &bp);
524 			altfs = ecalloc(1, sizeof(*altfs));
525 			memcpy(&altfs->lfs_dlfs_u, bp->b_data,
526 			       sizeof(struct dlfs));
527 			altfs->lfs_devvp = devvp;
528 			bp->b_flags |= B_INVAL;
529 			brelse(bp, 0);
530 
531 			if (check_sb(fs) || lfs_sb_getidaddr(fs) <= 0) {
532 				if (debug)
533 					printf("Primary superblock is no good, using first alternate\n");
534 				free(fs);
535 				fs = altfs;
536 			} else {
537 				/* If both superblocks check out, try verification */
538 				if (check_sb(altfs)) {
539 					if (debug)
540 						printf("First alternate superblock is no good, using primary\n");
541 					free(altfs);
542 				} else {
543 					if (lfs_verify(fs, altfs, devvp, debug) == fs) {
544 						free(altfs);
545 					} else {
546 						free(fs);
547 						fs = altfs;
548 					}
549 				}
550 			}
551 		}
552 		if (check_sb(fs)) {
553 			free(fs);
554 			return NULL;
555 		}
556 	}
557 
558 	/* Compatibility */
559 	if (lfs_sb_getversion(fs) < 2) {
560 		lfs_sb_setsumsize(fs, LFS_V1_SUMMARY_SIZE);
561 		lfs_sb_setibsize(fs, lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
562 		lfs_sb_sets0addr(fs, lfs_sb_getsboff(fs, 0));
563 		lfs_sb_settstamp(fs, lfs_sb_getotstamp(fs));
564 		lfs_sb_setfsbtodb(fs, 0);
565 	}
566 
567 	if (!dummy_read) {
568 		fs->lfs_suflags = emalloc(2 * sizeof(u_int32_t *));
569 		fs->lfs_suflags[0] = emalloc(lfs_sb_getnseg(fs) * sizeof(u_int32_t));
570 		fs->lfs_suflags[1] = emalloc(lfs_sb_getnseg(fs) * sizeof(u_int32_t));
571 	}
572 
573 	if (idaddr == 0)
574 		idaddr = lfs_sb_getidaddr(fs);
575 	else
576 		lfs_sb_setidaddr(fs, idaddr);
577 	/* NB: If dummy_read!=0, idaddr==0 here so we get a fake inode. */
578 	fs->lfs_ivnode = lfs_raw_vget(fs, LFS_IFILE_INUM,
579 		devvp->v_fd, idaddr);
580 	if (fs->lfs_ivnode == NULL)
581 		return NULL;
582 
583 	register_vget((void *)fs, lfs_vget);
584 
585 	return fs;
586 }
587 
588 /*
589  * Check partial segment validity between fs->lfs_offset and the given goal.
590  *
591  * If goal == 0, just keep on going until the segments stop making sense,
592  * and return the address of the last valid partial segment.
593  *
594  * If goal != 0, return the address of the first partial segment that failed,
595  * or "goal" if we reached it without failure (the partial segment *at* goal
596  * need not be valid).
597  */
598 daddr_t
599 try_verify(struct lfs *osb, struct uvnode *devvp, daddr_t goal, int debug)
600 {
601 	daddr_t daddr, odaddr;
602 	SEGSUM *sp;
603 	int i, bc, hitclean;
604 	struct ubuf *bp;
605 	daddr_t nodirop_daddr;
606 	u_int64_t serial;
607 
608 	bc = 0;
609 	hitclean = 0;
610 	odaddr = -1;
611 	daddr = lfs_sb_getoffset(osb);
612 	nodirop_daddr = daddr;
613 	serial = lfs_sb_getserial(osb);
614 	while (daddr != goal) {
615 		/*
616 		 * Don't mistakenly read a superblock, if there is one here.
617 		 */
618 		if (lfs_sntod(osb, lfs_dtosn(osb, daddr)) == daddr) {
619 			if (daddr == lfs_sb_gets0addr(osb))
620 				daddr += lfs_btofsb(osb, LFS_LABELPAD);
621 			for (i = 0; i < LFS_MAXNUMSB; i++) {
622 				/* XXX dholland 20150828 I think this is wrong */
623 				if (lfs_sb_getsboff(osb, i) < daddr)
624 					break;
625 				if (lfs_sb_getsboff(osb, i) == daddr)
626 					daddr += lfs_btofsb(osb, LFS_SBPAD);
627 			}
628 		}
629 
630 		/* Read in summary block */
631 		bread(devvp, LFS_FSBTODB(osb, daddr), lfs_sb_getsumsize(osb),
632 		    0, &bp);
633 		sp = (SEGSUM *)bp->b_data;
634 
635 		/*
636 		 * Check for a valid segment summary belonging to our fs.
637 		 */
638 		if (lfs_ss_getmagic(osb, sp) != SS_MAGIC ||
639 		    lfs_ss_getident(osb, sp) != lfs_sb_getident(osb) ||
640 		    lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp) < serial ||	/* XXX strengthen this */
641 		    lfs_ss_getsumsum(osb, sp) !=
642 		            cksum((char *)sp + lfs_ss_getsumstart(osb),
643 				  lfs_sb_getsumsize(osb) - lfs_ss_getsumstart(osb))) {
644 			brelse(bp, 0);
645 			if (debug) {
646 				if (lfs_ss_getmagic(osb, sp) != SS_MAGIC)
647 					pwarn("pseg at 0x%jx: "
648 					      "wrong magic number\n",
649 					      (uintmax_t)daddr);
650 				else if (lfs_ss_getident(osb, sp) != lfs_sb_getident(osb))
651 					pwarn("pseg at 0x%jx: "
652 					      "expected ident %jx, got %jx\n",
653 					      (uintmax_t)daddr,
654 					      (uintmax_t)lfs_ss_getident(osb, sp),
655 					      (uintmax_t)lfs_sb_getident(osb));
656 				else if (lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp) >= serial)
657 					pwarn("pseg at 0x%jx: "
658 					      "serial %d < %d\n",
659 					      (uintmax_t)daddr,
660 					      (int)lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp), (int)serial);
661 				else
662 					pwarn("pseg at 0x%jx: "
663 					      "summary checksum wrong\n",
664 					      (uintmax_t)daddr);
665 			}
666 			break;
667 		}
668 		if (debug && lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp) != serial)
669 			pwarn("warning, serial=%d ss_serial=%d\n",
670 				(int)serial, (int)lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp));
671 		++serial;
672 		bc = check_summary(osb, sp, daddr, debug, devvp, NULL);
673 		if (bc == 0) {
674 			brelse(bp, 0);
675 			break;
676 		}
677 		if (debug)
678 			pwarn("summary good: 0x%x/%d\n", (uintmax_t)daddr,
679 			      (int)lfs_ss_getserial(osb, sp));
680 		assert (bc > 0);
681 		odaddr = daddr;
682 		daddr += lfs_btofsb(osb, lfs_sb_getsumsize(osb) + bc);
683 		if (lfs_dtosn(osb, odaddr) != lfs_dtosn(osb, daddr) ||
684 		    lfs_dtosn(osb, daddr) != lfs_dtosn(osb, daddr +
685 			lfs_btofsb(osb, lfs_sb_getsumsize(osb) + lfs_sb_getbsize(osb)) - 1)) {
686 			daddr = lfs_ss_getnext(osb, sp);
687 		}
688 
689 		/*
690 		 * Check for the beginning and ending of a sequence of
691 		 * dirops.  Writes from the cleaner never involve new
692 		 * information, and are always checkpoints; so don't try
693 		 * to roll forward through them.  Likewise, psegs written
694 		 * by a previous roll-forward attempt are not interesting.
695 		 */
696 		if (lfs_ss_getflags(osb, sp) & (SS_CLEAN | SS_RFW))
697 			hitclean = 1;
698 		if (hitclean == 0 && (lfs_ss_getflags(osb, sp) & SS_CONT) == 0)
699 			nodirop_daddr = daddr;
700 
701 		brelse(bp, 0);
702 	}
703 
704 	if (goal == 0)
705 		return nodirop_daddr;
706 	else
707 		return daddr;
708 }
709 
710 /* Use try_verify to check whether the newer superblock is valid. */
711 struct lfs *
712 lfs_verify(struct lfs *sb0, struct lfs *sb1, struct uvnode *devvp, int debug)
713 {
714 	daddr_t daddr;
715 	struct lfs *osb, *nsb;
716 
717 	/*
718 	 * Verify the checkpoint of the newer superblock,
719 	 * if the timestamp/serial number of the two superblocks is
720 	 * different.
721 	 */
722 
723 	osb = NULL;
724 	if (debug)
725 		pwarn("sb0 %ju, sb1 %ju",
726 		      (uintmax_t) lfs_sb_getserial(sb0),
727 		      (uintmax_t) lfs_sb_getserial(sb1));
728 
729 	if ((lfs_sb_getversion(sb0) == 1 &&
730 		lfs_sb_getotstamp(sb0) != lfs_sb_getotstamp(sb1)) ||
731 	    (lfs_sb_getversion(sb0) > 1 &&
732 		lfs_sb_getserial(sb0) != lfs_sb_getserial(sb1))) {
733 		if (lfs_sb_getversion(sb0) == 1) {
734 			if (lfs_sb_getotstamp(sb0) > lfs_sb_getotstamp(sb1)) {
735 				osb = sb1;
736 				nsb = sb0;
737 			} else {
738 				osb = sb0;
739 				nsb = sb1;
740 			}
741 		} else {
742 			if (lfs_sb_getserial(sb0) > lfs_sb_getserial(sb1)) {
743 				osb = sb1;
744 				nsb = sb0;
745 			} else {
746 				osb = sb0;
747 				nsb = sb1;
748 			}
749 		}
750 		if (debug) {
751 			printf("Attempting to verify newer checkpoint...");
752 			fflush(stdout);
753 		}
754 		daddr = try_verify(osb, devvp, lfs_sb_getoffset(nsb), debug);
755 
756 		if (debug)
757 			printf("done.\n");
758 		if (daddr == lfs_sb_getoffset(nsb)) {
759 			pwarn("** Newer checkpoint verified; recovered %jd seconds of data\n",
760 			    (intmax_t)(lfs_sb_gettstamp(nsb) - lfs_sb_gettstamp(osb)));
761 			sbdirty();
762 		} else {
763 			pwarn("** Newer checkpoint invalid; lost %jd seconds of data\n", (intmax_t)(lfs_sb_gettstamp(nsb) - lfs_sb_gettstamp(osb)));
764 		}
765 		return (daddr == lfs_sb_getoffset(nsb) ? nsb : osb);
766 	}
767 	/* Nothing to check */
768 	return osb;
769 }
770 
771 /* Verify a partial-segment summary; return the number of bytes on disk. */
772 int
773 check_summary(struct lfs *fs, SEGSUM *sp, daddr_t pseg_addr, int debug,
774 	      struct uvnode *devvp, void (func(daddr_t, FINFO *)))
775 {
776 	FINFO *fp;
777 	int bc;			/* Bytes in partial segment */
778 	int nblocks;
779 	daddr_t daddr;
780 	IINFO *iibase, *iip;
781 	struct ubuf *bp;
782 	int i, j, k, datac, len;
783 	lfs_checkword *datap;
784 	u_int32_t ccksum;
785 
786 	/* We've already checked the sumsum, just do the data bounds and sum */
787 
788 	/* Count the blocks. */
789 	nblocks = howmany(lfs_ss_getninos(fs, sp), LFS_INOPB(fs));
790 	bc = nblocks << (lfs_sb_getversion(fs) > 1 ? lfs_sb_getffshift(fs) : lfs_sb_getbshift(fs));
791 	assert(bc >= 0);
792 
793 	fp = SEGSUM_FINFOBASE(fs, sp);
794 	for (i = 0; i < lfs_ss_getnfinfo(fs, sp); i++) {
795 		nblocks += lfs_fi_getnblocks(fs, fp);
796 		bc += lfs_fi_getlastlength(fs, fp) + ((lfs_fi_getnblocks(fs, fp) - 1)
797 					   << lfs_sb_getbshift(fs));
798 		assert(bc >= 0);
799 		fp = NEXT_FINFO(fs, fp);
800 		if (((char *)fp) - (char *)sp > lfs_sb_getsumsize(fs))
801 			return 0;
802 	}
803 	datap = emalloc(nblocks * sizeof(*datap));
804 	datac = 0;
805 
806 	iibase = SEGSUM_IINFOSTART(fs, sp);
807 
808 	iip = iibase;
809 	daddr = pseg_addr + lfs_btofsb(fs, lfs_sb_getsumsize(fs));
810 	fp = SEGSUM_FINFOBASE(fs, sp);
811 	for (i = 0, j = 0;
812 	     i < lfs_ss_getnfinfo(fs, sp) || j < howmany(lfs_ss_getninos(fs, sp), LFS_INOPB(fs)); i++) {
813 		if (i >= lfs_ss_getnfinfo(fs, sp) && lfs_ii_getblock(fs, iip) != daddr) {
814 			pwarn("Not enough inode blocks in pseg at 0x%jx: "
815 			      "found %d, wanted %d\n",
816 			      pseg_addr, j, howmany(lfs_ss_getninos(fs, sp),
817 						    LFS_INOPB(fs)));
818 			if (debug)
819 				pwarn("iip=0x%jx, daddr=0x%jx\n",
820 				    (uintmax_t)lfs_ii_getblock(fs, iip),
821 				    (intmax_t)daddr);
822 			break;
823 		}
824 		while (j < howmany(lfs_ss_getninos(fs, sp), LFS_INOPB(fs)) && lfs_ii_getblock(fs, iip) == daddr) {
825 			bread(devvp, LFS_FSBTODB(fs, daddr), lfs_sb_getibsize(fs),
826 			    0, &bp);
827 			datap[datac++] = ((lfs_checkword *)bp->b_data)[0];
828 			brelse(bp, 0);
829 
830 			++j;
831 			daddr += lfs_btofsb(fs, lfs_sb_getibsize(fs));
832 			iip = NEXTLOWER_IINFO(fs, iip);
833 		}
834 		if (i < lfs_ss_getnfinfo(fs, sp)) {
835 			if (func)
836 				func(daddr, fp);
837 			for (k = 0; k < lfs_fi_getnblocks(fs, fp); k++) {
838 				len = (k == lfs_fi_getnblocks(fs, fp) - 1 ?
839 				       lfs_fi_getlastlength(fs, fp)
840 				       : lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
841 				bread(devvp, LFS_FSBTODB(fs, daddr), len,
842 				    0, &bp);
843 				datap[datac++] = ((lfs_checkword *)bp->b_data)[0];
844 				brelse(bp, 0);
845 				daddr += lfs_btofsb(fs, len);
846 			}
847 			fp = NEXT_FINFO(fs, fp);
848 		}
849 	}
850 
851 	if (datac != nblocks) {
852 		pwarn("Partial segment at 0x%jx expected %d blocks counted %d\n",
853 		    (intmax_t)pseg_addr, nblocks, datac);
854 	}
855 	ccksum = cksum(datap, nblocks * sizeof(datap[0]));
856 	/* Check the data checksum */
857 	if (ccksum != lfs_ss_getdatasum(fs, sp)) {
858 		pwarn("Partial segment at 0x%jx data checksum"
859 		      " mismatch: given 0x%x, computed 0x%x\n",
860 		      (uintmax_t)pseg_addr, lfs_ss_getdatasum(fs, sp), ccksum);
861 		free(datap);
862 		return 0;
863 	}
864 	free(datap);
865 	assert(bc >= 0);
866 	return bc;
867 }
868 
869 /* print message and exit */
870 void
871 my_vpanic(int fatal, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
872 {
873         (void) vprintf(fmt, ap);
874 	exit(8);
875 }
876 
877 void
878 call_panic(const char *fmt, ...)
879 {
880 	va_list ap;
881 
882 	va_start(ap, fmt);
883         panic_func(1, fmt, ap);
884 	va_end(ap);
885 }
886 
887 /* Allocate a new inode. */
888 struct uvnode *
889 lfs_valloc(struct lfs *fs, ino_t ino)
890 {
891 	struct ubuf *bp, *cbp;
892 	IFILE *ifp;
893 	ino_t new_ino;
894 	int error;
895 	CLEANERINFO *cip;
896 
897 	/* Get the head of the freelist. */
898 	LFS_GET_HEADFREE(fs, cip, cbp, &new_ino);
899 
900 	/*
901 	 * Remove the inode from the free list and write the new start
902 	 * of the free list into the superblock.
903 	 */
904 	LFS_IENTRY(ifp, fs, new_ino, bp);
905 	if (lfs_if_getdaddr(fs, ifp) != LFS_UNUSED_DADDR)
906 		panic("lfs_valloc: inuse inode %d on the free list", new_ino);
907 	LFS_PUT_HEADFREE(fs, cip, cbp, lfs_if_getnextfree(fs, ifp));
908 
909 	brelse(bp, 0);
910 
911 	/* Extend IFILE so that the next lfs_valloc will succeed. */
912 	if (lfs_sb_getfreehd(fs) == LFS_UNUSED_INUM) {
913 		if ((error = extend_ifile(fs)) != 0) {
914 			LFS_PUT_HEADFREE(fs, cip, cbp, new_ino);
915 			return NULL;
916 		}
917 	}
918 
919 	/* Set superblock modified bit and increment file count. */
920         sbdirty();
921 	lfs_sb_addnfiles(fs, 1);
922 
923         return lfs_raw_vget(fs, ino, fs->lfs_devvp->v_fd, 0x0);
924 }
925 
926 #ifdef IN_FSCK_LFS
927 void reset_maxino(ino_t);
928 #endif
929 
930 /*
931  * Add a new block to the Ifile, to accommodate future file creations.
932  */
933 int
934 extend_ifile(struct lfs *fs)
935 {
936 	struct uvnode *vp;
937 	struct inode *ip;
938 	IFILE64 *ifp64;
939 	IFILE32 *ifp32;
940 	IFILE_V1 *ifp_v1;
941 	struct ubuf *bp, *cbp;
942 	daddr_t i, blkno, max;
943 	ino_t oldlast;
944 	CLEANERINFO *cip;
945 
946 	vp = fs->lfs_ivnode;
947 	ip = VTOI(vp);
948 	blkno = lfs_lblkno(fs, lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din));
949 
950 	lfs_balloc(vp, lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din), lfs_sb_getbsize(fs), &bp);
951 	lfs_dino_setsize(fs, ip->i_din,
952 	    lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din) + lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
953 	ip->i_state |= IN_MODIFIED;
954 
955 	i = (blkno - lfs_sb_getsegtabsz(fs) - lfs_sb_getcleansz(fs)) *
956 		lfs_sb_getifpb(fs);
957 	LFS_GET_HEADFREE(fs, cip, cbp, &oldlast);
958 	LFS_PUT_HEADFREE(fs, cip, cbp, i);
959 	max = i + lfs_sb_getifpb(fs);
960 	lfs_sb_subbfree(fs, lfs_btofsb(fs, lfs_sb_getbsize(fs)));
961 
962 	if (fs->lfs_is64) {
963 		for (ifp64 = (IFILE64 *)bp->b_data; i < max; ++ifp64) {
964 			ifp64->if_version = 1;
965 			ifp64->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
966 			ifp64->if_nextfree = ++i;
967 		}
968 		ifp64--;
969 		ifp64->if_nextfree = oldlast;
970 	} else if (lfs_sb_getversion(fs) > 1) {
971 		for (ifp32 = (IFILE32 *)bp->b_data; i < max; ++ifp32) {
972 			ifp32->if_version = 1;
973 			ifp32->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
974 			ifp32->if_nextfree = ++i;
975 		}
976 		ifp32--;
977 		ifp32->if_nextfree = oldlast;
978 	} else {
979 		for (ifp_v1 = (IFILE_V1 *)bp->b_data; i < max; ++ifp_v1) {
980 			ifp_v1->if_version = 1;
981 			ifp_v1->if_daddr = LFS_UNUSED_DADDR;
982 			ifp_v1->if_nextfree = ++i;
983 		}
984 		ifp_v1--;
985 		ifp_v1->if_nextfree = oldlast;
986 	}
987 	LFS_PUT_TAILFREE(fs, cip, cbp, max - 1);
988 
989 	LFS_BWRITE_LOG(bp);
990 
991 #ifdef IN_FSCK_LFS
992 	reset_maxino(((lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din) >> lfs_sb_getbshift(fs))
993 		      - lfs_sb_getsegtabsz(fs)
994 		      - lfs_sb_getcleansz(fs)) * lfs_sb_getifpb(fs));
995 #endif
996 	return 0;
997 }
998 
999 /*
1000  * Allocate a block, and to inode and filesystem block accounting for it
1001  * and for any indirect blocks the may need to be created in order for
1002  * this block to be created.
1003  *
1004  * Blocks which have never been accounted for (i.e., which "do not exist")
1005  * have disk address 0, which is translated by ulfs_bmap to the special value
1006  * UNASSIGNED == -1, as in the historical ULFS.
1007  *
1008  * Blocks which have been accounted for but which have not yet been written
1009  * to disk are given the new special disk address UNWRITTEN == -2, so that
1010  * they can be differentiated from completely new blocks.
1011  */
1012 int
1013 lfs_balloc(struct uvnode *vp, off_t startoffset, int iosize, struct ubuf **bpp)
1014 {
1015 	int offset;
1016 	daddr_t daddr, idaddr;
1017 	struct ubuf *ibp, *bp;
1018 	struct inode *ip;
1019 	struct lfs *fs;
1020 	struct indir indirs[ULFS_NIADDR+2], *idp;
1021 	daddr_t	lbn, lastblock;
1022 	int bcount;
1023 	int error, frags, i, nsize, osize, num;
1024 
1025 	ip = VTOI(vp);
1026 	fs = ip->i_lfs;
1027 	offset = lfs_blkoff(fs, startoffset);
1028 	lbn = lfs_lblkno(fs, startoffset);
1029 
1030 	/*
1031 	 * Three cases: it's a block beyond the end of file, it's a block in
1032 	 * the file that may or may not have been assigned a disk address or
1033 	 * we're writing an entire block.
1034 	 *
1035 	 * Note, if the daddr is UNWRITTEN, the block already exists in
1036 	 * the cache (it was read or written earlier).	If so, make sure
1037 	 * we don't count it as a new block or zero out its contents. If
1038 	 * it did not, make sure we allocate any necessary indirect
1039 	 * blocks.
1040 	 *
1041 	 * If we are writing a block beyond the end of the file, we need to
1042 	 * check if the old last block was a fragment.	If it was, we need
1043 	 * to rewrite it.
1044 	 */
1045 
1046 	if (bpp)
1047 		*bpp = NULL;
1048 
1049 	/* Check for block beyond end of file and fragment extension needed. */
1050 	lastblock = lfs_lblkno(fs, lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din));
1051 	if (lastblock < ULFS_NDADDR && lastblock < lbn) {
1052 		osize = lfs_blksize(fs, ip, lastblock);
1053 		if (osize < lfs_sb_getbsize(fs) && osize > 0) {
1054 			if ((error = lfs_fragextend(vp, osize, lfs_sb_getbsize(fs),
1055 						    lastblock,
1056 						    (bpp ? &bp : NULL))))
1057 				return (error);
1058 			lfs_dino_setsize(fs, ip->i_din, (lastblock + 1) * lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
1059 			ip->i_state |= IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
1060 			if (bpp)
1061 				(void) VOP_BWRITE(bp);
1062 		}
1063 	}
1064 
1065 	/*
1066 	 * If the block we are writing is a direct block, it's the last
1067 	 * block in the file, and offset + iosize is less than a full
1068 	 * block, we can write one or more fragments.  There are two cases:
1069 	 * the block is brand new and we should allocate it the correct
1070 	 * size or it already exists and contains some fragments and
1071 	 * may need to extend it.
1072 	 */
1073 	if (lbn < ULFS_NDADDR && lfs_lblkno(fs, lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din)) <= lbn) {
1074 		osize = lfs_blksize(fs, ip, lbn);
1075 		nsize = lfs_fragroundup(fs, offset + iosize);
1076 		if (lfs_lblktosize(fs, lbn) >= lfs_dino_getsize(fs, ip->i_din)) {
1077 			/* Brand new block or fragment */
1078 			frags = lfs_numfrags(fs, nsize);
1079 			if (bpp) {
1080 				*bpp = bp = getblk(vp, lbn, nsize);
1081 				bp->b_blkno = UNWRITTEN;
1082 			}
1083 			ip->i_lfs_effnblks += frags;
1084 			lfs_sb_subbfree(fs, frags);
1085 			lfs_dino_setdb(fs, ip->i_din, lbn, UNWRITTEN);
1086 		} else {
1087 			if (nsize <= osize) {
1088 				/* No need to extend */
1089 				if (bpp && (error = bread(vp, lbn, osize,
1090 				    0, &bp)))
1091 					return error;
1092 			} else {
1093 				/* Extend existing block */
1094 				if ((error =
1095 				     lfs_fragextend(vp, osize, nsize, lbn,
1096 						    (bpp ? &bp : NULL))))
1097 					return error;
1098 			}
1099 			if (bpp)
1100 				*bpp = bp;
1101 		}
1102 		return 0;
1103 	}
1104 
1105 	error = ulfs_bmaparray(fs, vp, lbn, &daddr, &indirs[0], &num);
1106 	if (error)
1107 		return (error);
1108 
1109 	/*
1110 	 * Do byte accounting all at once, so we can gracefully fail *before*
1111 	 * we start assigning blocks.
1112 	 */
1113         frags = LFS_FSBTODB(fs, 1); /* frags = VFSTOULFS(vp->v_mount)->um_seqinc; */
1114 	bcount = 0;
1115 	if (daddr == UNASSIGNED) {
1116 		bcount = frags;
1117 	}
1118 	for (i = 1; i < num; ++i) {
1119 		if (!indirs[i].in_exists) {
1120 			bcount += frags;
1121 		}
1122 	}
1123 	lfs_sb_subbfree(fs, bcount);
1124 	ip->i_lfs_effnblks += bcount;
1125 
1126 	if (daddr == UNASSIGNED) {
1127 		if (num > 0 && lfs_dino_getib(fs, ip->i_din, indirs[0].in_off) == 0) {
1128 			lfs_dino_setib(fs, ip->i_din, indirs[0].in_off,
1129 				       UNWRITTEN);
1130 		}
1131 
1132 		/*
1133 		 * Create new indirect blocks if necessary
1134 		 */
1135 		if (num > 1) {
1136 			idaddr = lfs_dino_getib(fs, ip->i_din, indirs[0].in_off);
1137 			for (i = 1; i < num; ++i) {
1138 				ibp = getblk(vp, indirs[i].in_lbn,
1139 				    lfs_sb_getbsize(fs));
1140 				if (!indirs[i].in_exists) {
1141 					memset(ibp->b_data, 0, ibp->b_bufsize);
1142 					ibp->b_blkno = UNWRITTEN;
1143 				} else if (!(ibp->b_flags & (B_DELWRI | B_DONE))) {
1144 					ibp->b_blkno = LFS_FSBTODB(fs, idaddr);
1145 					ibp->b_flags |= B_READ;
1146 					VOP_STRATEGY(ibp);
1147 				}
1148 				/*
1149 				 * This block exists, but the next one may not.
1150 				 * If that is the case mark it UNWRITTEN to
1151                                  * keep the accounting straight.
1152 				 */
1153 				if (lfs_iblock_get(fs, ibp->b_data,
1154 						indirs[i].in_off) == 0)
1155 					lfs_iblock_set(fs, ibp->b_data,
1156 						indirs[i].in_off, UNWRITTEN);
1157 				idaddr = lfs_iblock_get(fs, ibp->b_data,
1158 						indirs[i].in_off);
1159 				if ((error = VOP_BWRITE(ibp)))
1160 					return error;
1161 			}
1162 		}
1163 	}
1164 
1165 
1166 	/*
1167 	 * Get the existing block from the cache, if requested.
1168 	 */
1169 	if (bpp)
1170 		*bpp = bp = getblk(vp, lbn, lfs_blksize(fs, ip, lbn));
1171 
1172 	/*
1173 	 * The block we are writing may be a brand new block
1174 	 * in which case we need to do accounting.
1175 	 *
1176 	 * We can tell a truly new block because ulfs_bmaparray will say
1177 	 * it is UNASSIGNED.  Once we allocate it we will assign it the
1178 	 * disk address UNWRITTEN.
1179 	 */
1180 	if (daddr == UNASSIGNED) {
1181 		if (bpp) {
1182 			/* Note the new address */
1183 			bp->b_blkno = UNWRITTEN;
1184 		}
1185 
1186 		switch (num) {
1187 		    case 0:
1188 			lfs_dino_setdb(fs, ip->i_din, lbn, UNWRITTEN);
1189 			break;
1190 		    case 1:
1191 			lfs_dino_setib(fs, ip->i_din, indirs[0].in_off,
1192 				       UNWRITTEN);
1193 			break;
1194 		    default:
1195 			idp = &indirs[num - 1];
1196 			if (bread(vp, idp->in_lbn, lfs_sb_getbsize(fs), 0, &ibp))
1197 				panic("lfs_balloc: bread bno %lld",
1198 				    (long long)idp->in_lbn);
1199 			lfs_iblock_set(fs, ibp->b_data, idp->in_off,
1200 				       UNWRITTEN);
1201 			VOP_BWRITE(ibp);
1202 		}
1203 	} else if (bpp && !(bp->b_flags & (B_DONE|B_DELWRI))) {
1204 		/*
1205 		 * Not a brand new block, also not in the cache;
1206 		 * read it in from disk.
1207 		 */
1208 		if (iosize == lfs_sb_getbsize(fs))
1209 			/* Optimization: I/O is unnecessary. */
1210 			bp->b_blkno = daddr;
1211 		else {
1212 			/*
1213 			 * We need to read the block to preserve the
1214 			 * existing bytes.
1215 			 */
1216 			bp->b_blkno = daddr;
1217 			bp->b_flags |= B_READ;
1218 			VOP_STRATEGY(bp);
1219 			return 0;
1220 		}
1221 	}
1222 
1223 	return (0);
1224 }
1225 
1226 int
1227 lfs_fragextend(struct uvnode *vp, int osize, int nsize, daddr_t lbn,
1228                struct ubuf **bpp)
1229 {
1230 	struct inode *ip;
1231 	struct lfs *fs;
1232 	int frags;
1233 	int error;
1234 
1235 	ip = VTOI(vp);
1236 	fs = ip->i_lfs;
1237 	frags = (long)lfs_numfrags(fs, nsize - osize);
1238 	error = 0;
1239 
1240 	/*
1241 	 * If we are not asked to actually return the block, all we need
1242 	 * to do is allocate space for it.  UBC will handle dirtying the
1243 	 * appropriate things and making sure it all goes to disk.
1244 	 * Don't bother to read in that case.
1245 	 */
1246 	if (bpp && (error = bread(vp, lbn, osize, 0, bpp))) {
1247 		brelse(*bpp, 0);
1248 		goto out;
1249 	}
1250 
1251 	lfs_sb_subbfree(fs, frags);
1252 	ip->i_lfs_effnblks += frags;
1253 	ip->i_state |= IN_CHANGE | IN_UPDATE;
1254 
1255 	if (bpp) {
1256 		(*bpp)->b_data = erealloc((*bpp)->b_data, nsize);
1257 		(void)memset((*bpp)->b_data + osize, 0, nsize - osize);
1258 	}
1259 
1260     out:
1261 	return (error);
1262 }
1263