xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/dump/main.c (revision e6c7e151de239c49d2e38720a061ed9d1fa99309)
1 /*	$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.76 2019/08/19 18:12:50 perseant Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #ifndef lint
34 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993, 1994\
35  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
36 #endif /* not lint */
37 
38 #ifndef lint
39 #if 0
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c	8.6 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
41 #else
42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.76 2019/08/19 18:12:50 perseant Exp $");
43 #endif
44 #endif /* not lint */
45 
46 #include <sys/param.h>
47 #include <sys/time.h>
48 #include <sys/stat.h>
49 #include <sys/mount.h>
50 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
51 
52 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
53 #include <ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h>
54 
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <err.h>
57 #include <errno.h>
58 #include <fcntl.h>
59 #include <fstab.h>
60 #include <signal.h>
61 #include <stdio.h>
62 #include <stdlib.h>
63 #include <string.h>
64 #include <time.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 #include <util.h>
67 
68 #include "dump.h"
69 #include "pathnames.h"
70 #include "snapshot.h"
71 
72 int	timestamp;		/* print message timestamps */
73 int	notify;			/* notify operator flag */
74 int	blockswritten;		/* number of blocks written on current tape */
75 int	tapeno;			/* current tape number */
76 int	density;		/* density in bytes/0.1" */
77 int	ntrec = NTREC;		/* # tape blocks in each tape record */
78 int	cartridge;		/* Assume non-cartridge tape */
79 long	dev_bsize = 1;		/* recalculated below */
80 long	blocksperfile;		/* output blocks per file */
81 const char *host;		/* remote host (if any) */
82 int	readcache = -1;		/* read cache size (in readblksize blks) */
83 int	readblksize = -1;	/* read block size */
84 char    default_time_string[] = "%T %Z"; /* default timestamp string */
85 char    *time_string = default_time_string; /* timestamp string */
86 
87 static long numarg(const char *, long, long);
88 static void obsolete(int *, char **[]);
89 static void usage(void);
90 
91 int
92 main(int argc, char *argv[])
93 {
94 	ino_t ino;
95 	int dirty;
96 	union dinode *dp;
97 	struct fstab *dt;
98 	struct statvfs *mntinfo, fsbuf;
99 	char *map, *cp;
100 	int ch;
101 	int i, anydirskipped, bflag = 0, Tflag = 0, Fflag = 0, honorlevel = 1;
102 	int snap_internal = 0;
103 	ino_t maxino;
104 	time_t tnow, date;
105 	int dirc;
106 	char *mountpoint;
107 	int just_estimate = 0;
108 	char labelstr[LBLSIZE];
109 	char buf[MAXPATHLEN], rbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
110 	char *new_time_format;
111 	char *snap_backup = NULL;
112 
113 	spcl.c_date = 0;
114 	(void)time(&tnow);
115 	spcl.c_date = tnow;
116 	tzset(); /* set up timezone for strftime */
117 	if ((new_time_format = getenv("TIMEFORMAT")) != NULL)
118 		time_string = new_time_format;
119 
120 	tsize = 0;	/* Default later, based on 'c' option for cart tapes */
121 	if ((tape = getenv("TAPE")) == NULL)
122 		tape = _PATH_DEFTAPE;
123 	dumpdates = _PATH_DUMPDATES;
124 	temp = _PATH_DTMP;
125 	strcpy(labelstr, "none");	/* XXX safe strcpy. */
126 	if (TP_BSIZE / DEV_BSIZE == 0 || TP_BSIZE % DEV_BSIZE != 0)
127 		quit("TP_BSIZE must be a multiple of DEV_BSIZE");
128 	level = '0';
129 	timestamp = 0;
130 
131 	if (argc < 2)
132 		usage();
133 
134 	obsolete(&argc, &argv);
135 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
136 	    "0123456789aB:b:cd:D:eFf:h:ik:l:L:nr:s:StT:uU:Wwx:X")) != -1)
137 		switch (ch) {
138 		/* dump level */
139 		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
140 		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
141 			level = ch;
142 			break;
143 
144 		case 'a':		/* `auto-size', Write to EOM. */
145 			unlimited = 1;
146 			break;
147 
148 		case 'B':		/* blocks per output file */
149 			blocksperfile = numarg("blocks per file", 1L, 0L);
150 			break;
151 
152 		case 'b':		/* blocks per tape write */
153 			ntrec = numarg("blocks per write", 1L, 1000L);
154 			bflag = 1;
155 			break;
156 
157 		case 'c':		/* Tape is cart. not 9-track */
158 			cartridge = 1;
159 			break;
160 
161 		case 'd':		/* density, in bits per inch */
162 			density = numarg("density", 10L, 327670L) / 10;
163 			if (density >= 625 && !bflag)
164 				ntrec = HIGHDENSITYTREC;
165 			break;
166 
167 		case 'D':		/* specify alt. dumpdates file */
168 			dumpdates = optarg;
169 			break;
170 
171 		case 'e':		/* eject full tapes */
172 			eflag = 1;
173 			break;
174 
175 		case 'F':		/* files-to-dump is an fs image */
176 			Fflag = 1;
177 			break;
178 
179 		case 'f':		/* output file */
180 			tape = optarg;
181 			break;
182 
183 		case 'h':
184 			honorlevel = numarg("honor level", 0L, 10L);
185 			break;
186 
187 		case 'i':	/* "true incremental" regardless level */
188 			level = 'i';
189 			trueinc = 1;
190 			break;
191 
192 		case 'k':
193 			readblksize = numarg("read block size", 0, 64) * 1024;
194 			break;
195 
196 		case 'l':		/* autoload after eject full tapes */
197 			eflag = 1;
198 			lflag = numarg("timeout (in seconds)", 1, 0);
199 			break;
200 
201 		case 'L':
202 			/*
203 			 * Note that although there are LBLSIZE characters,
204 			 * the last must be '\0', so the limit on strlen()
205 			 * is really LBLSIZE-1.
206 			 */
207 			if (strlcpy(labelstr, optarg, sizeof(labelstr))
208 			    >= sizeof(labelstr)) {
209 				msg(
210 		"WARNING Label `%s' is larger than limit of %lu characters.\n",
211 				    optarg,
212 				    (unsigned long)sizeof(labelstr) - 1);
213 				msg("WARNING: Using truncated label `%s'.\n",
214 				    labelstr);
215 			}
216 			break;
217 		case 'n':		/* notify operators */
218 			notify = 1;
219 			break;
220 
221 		case 'r':		/* read cache size */
222 			readcache = numarg("read cache size", 0, 512);
223 			break;
224 
225 		case 's':		/* tape size, feet */
226 			tsize = numarg("tape size", 1L, 0L) * 12 * 10;
227 			break;
228 
229 		case 'S':		/* exit after estimating # of tapes */
230 			just_estimate = 1;
231 			break;
232 
233 		case 't':
234 			timestamp = 1;
235 			break;
236 
237 		case 'T':		/* time of last dump */
238 			spcl.c_ddate = unctime(optarg);
239 			if (spcl.c_ddate < 0) {
240 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "bad time \"%s\"\n",
241 				    optarg);
242 				exit(X_STARTUP);
243 			}
244 			Tflag = 1;
245 			lastlevel = '?';
246 			break;
247 
248 		case 'u':		/* update /etc/dumpdates */
249 			uflag = 1;
250 			break;
251 
252 		case 'U':		/* dump device in /etc/dumpdates */
253 			dumpdev = optarg;
254 			break;
255 
256 		case 'W':		/* what to do */
257 		case 'w':
258 			lastdump(ch);
259 			exit(X_FINOK);	/* do nothing else */
260 
261 		case 'x':
262 			snap_backup = optarg;
263 			break;
264 
265 		case 'X':
266 			snap_internal = 1;
267 			break;
268 
269 		default:
270 			usage();
271 		}
272 	argc -= optind;
273 	argv += optind;
274 
275 	if (argc < 1) {
276 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
277 		    "Must specify disk or image, or file list\n");
278 		exit(X_STARTUP);
279 	}
280 
281 
282 	/*
283 	 *	determine if disk is a subdirectory, and setup appropriately
284 	 */
285 	getfstab();		/* /etc/fstab snarfed */
286 	disk = NULL;
287 	disk_dev = NULL;
288 	mountpoint = NULL;
289 	dirc = 0;
290 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
291 		struct stat sb;
292 		int error;
293 
294 		error = lstat(argv[i], &sb);
295 		if (Fflag || (!error && (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)))) {
296 			if (error)
297 				quite(errno, "can't stat %s", argv[i]);
298 			disk = argv[i];
299  multicheck:
300 			if (dirc != 0)
301 				quit("can't dump a disk or image at the same"
302 				" time as a file list");
303 			break;
304 		}
305 		if ((dt = fstabsearch(argv[i])) != NULL) {
306 			disk = argv[i];
307 			mountpoint = xstrdup(dt->fs_file);
308 			goto multicheck;
309 		}
310 		if (statvfs(argv[i], &fsbuf) == -1)
311 			quite(errno, "can't statvfs %s", argv[i]);
312 		disk = fsbuf.f_mntfromname;
313 		if (strcmp(argv[i], fsbuf.f_mntonname) == 0)
314 			goto multicheck;
315 		if (mountpoint == NULL) {
316 			mountpoint = xstrdup(fsbuf.f_mntonname);
317 			if (uflag) {
318 				msg("Ignoring u flag for subdir dump\n");
319 				uflag = 0;
320 			}
321 			if (level > '0') {
322 				msg("Subdir dump is done at level 0\n");
323 				level = '0';
324 			}
325 			msg("Dumping sub files/directories from %s\n",
326 			    mountpoint);
327 		} else {
328 			if (strcmp(mountpoint, fsbuf.f_mntonname) != 0)
329 				quit("%s is not on %s", argv[i], mountpoint);
330 		}
331 		msg("Dumping file/directory %s\n", argv[i]);
332 		dirc++;
333 	}
334 	if (mountpoint)
335 		free(mountpoint);
336 
337 	if (dirc == 0) {
338 		argv++;
339 		if (argc != 1) {
340 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "Excess arguments to dump:");
341 			while (--argc)
342 				(void)fprintf(stderr, " %s", *argv++);
343 			(void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
344 			exit(X_STARTUP);
345 		}
346 	}
347 	if (Tflag && uflag) {
348 		(void)fprintf(stderr,
349 		    "You cannot use the T and u flags together.\n");
350 		exit(X_STARTUP);
351 	}
352 	if (strcmp(tape, "-") == 0) {
353 		pipeout++;
354 		tape = "standard output";
355 	}
356 
357 	if (blocksperfile)
358 		blocksperfile = blocksperfile / ntrec * ntrec; /* round down */
359 	else if (!unlimited) {
360 		/*
361 		 * Determine how to default tape size and density
362 		 *
363 		 *		density				tape size
364 		 * 9-track	1600 bpi (160 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
365 		 * 9-track	6250 bpi (625 bytes/.1")	2300 ft.
366 		 * cartridge	8000 bpi (100 bytes/.1")	1700 ft.
367 		 *						(450*4 - slop)
368 		 */
369 		if (density == 0)
370 			density = cartridge ? 100 : 160;
371 		if (tsize == 0)
372 			tsize = cartridge ? 1700L*120L : 2300L*120L;
373 	}
374 
375 	if ((cp = strchr(tape, ':')) != NULL) {
376 		host = tape;
377 		/* This is fine, because all the const strings don't have : */
378 		*cp++ = '\0';
379 		tape = cp;
380 #ifdef RDUMP
381 		if (rmthost(host) == 0)
382 			exit(X_STARTUP);
383 #else
384 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "remote dump not enabled\n");
385 		exit(X_STARTUP);
386 #endif
387 	}
388 
389 	if (signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
390 		signal(SIGHUP, sig);
391 	if (signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
392 		signal(SIGTRAP, sig);
393 	if (signal(SIGFPE, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
394 		signal(SIGFPE, sig);
395 	if (signal(SIGBUS, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
396 		signal(SIGBUS, sig);
397 #if 0
398 	if (signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
399 		signal(SIGSEGV, sig);
400 #endif
401 	if (signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
402 		signal(SIGTERM, sig);
403 	if (signal(SIGINT, interrupt) == SIG_IGN)
404 		signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
405 
406 	/*
407 	 *	disk can be either the full special file name, or
408 	 *	the file system name.
409 	 */
410 	mountpoint = NULL;
411 	mntinfo = mntinfosearch(disk);
412 	if ((dt = fstabsearch(disk)) != NULL) {
413 		if (getfsspecname(buf, sizeof(buf), dt->fs_spec) == NULL)
414 			quite(errno, "can't resolve mount %s (%s)", dt->fs_spec,
415 			    buf);
416 		if (getdiskrawname(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), buf) == NULL)
417 			quite(errno, "can't get disk raw name for %s", buf);
418 		disk = rbuf;
419 		mountpoint = dt->fs_file;
420 		msg("Found %s on %s in %s\n", disk, mountpoint, _PATH_FSTAB);
421 	} else if (mntinfo != NULL) {
422 		if (getdiskrawname(rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), mntinfo->f_mntfromname)
423 		    == NULL)
424 			quite(errno, "can't get disk raw name for %s",
425 			    mntinfo->f_mntfromname);
426 		disk = rbuf;
427 		mountpoint = mntinfo->f_mntonname;
428 		msg("Found %s on %s in mount table\n", disk, mountpoint);
429 	}
430 	if (mountpoint != NULL) {
431 		if (dirc != 0)
432 			(void)snprintf(spcl.c_filesys, sizeof(spcl.c_filesys),
433 			    "a subset of %s", mountpoint);
434 		else
435 			(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, mountpoint,
436 			    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
437 	} else if (Fflag) {
438 		(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, "a file system image",
439 		    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
440 	} else {
441 		(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_filesys, "an unlisted file system",
442 		    sizeof(spcl.c_filesys));
443 	}
444 	(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_dev, disk, sizeof(spcl.c_dev));
445 	(void)strlcpy(spcl.c_label, labelstr, sizeof(spcl.c_label));
446 	(void)gethostname(spcl.c_host, sizeof(spcl.c_host));
447 	spcl.c_host[sizeof(spcl.c_host) - 1] = '\0';
448 
449 	if ((snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) && mntinfo == NULL) {
450 		msg("WARNING: Cannot use -x or -X on unmounted file system.\n");
451 		snap_backup = NULL;
452 		snap_internal = 0;
453 	}
454 
455 #ifdef DUMP_LFS
456 	sync();
457 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) {
458 		if (lfs_wrap_stop(mountpoint) < 0) {
459 			msg("Cannot stop writing on %s\n", mountpoint);
460 			exit(X_STARTUP);
461 		}
462 	}
463 	if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
464 		msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
465 		exit(X_STARTUP);
466 	}
467 	disk_dev = disk;
468 #else /* ! DUMP_LFS */
469 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal) {
470 		diskfd = snap_open(mntinfo->f_mntonname, snap_backup,
471 		    &tnow, &disk_dev);
472 		if (diskfd < 0) {
473 			msg("Cannot open snapshot of %s\n",
474 				mntinfo->f_mntonname);
475 			exit(X_STARTUP);
476 		}
477 		spcl.c_date = tnow;
478 	} else {
479 		if ((diskfd = open(disk, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
480 			msg("Cannot open %s\n", disk);
481 			exit(X_STARTUP);
482 		}
483 		disk_dev = disk;
484 	}
485 	sync();
486 #endif /* ! DUMP_LFS */
487 
488 	needswap = fs_read_sblock(sblock_buf);
489 
490 	/* true incremental is always a level 10 dump */
491 	spcl.c_level = trueinc? iswap32(10): iswap32(level - '0');
492 	spcl.c_type = iswap32(TS_TAPE);
493 	spcl.c_date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
494 	spcl.c_ddate = iswap32(spcl.c_ddate);
495 	if (!Tflag)
496 		getdumptime();		/* /etc/dumpdates snarfed */
497 
498 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
499 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
500 		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
501 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_ddate);
502  	msg("Date of last level %c dump: %s", lastlevel,
503 		spcl.c_ddate == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
504 	msg("Dumping ");
505 	if (snap_backup != NULL || snap_internal)
506 		msgtail("a snapshot of ");
507 	if (dirc != 0)
508 		msgtail("a subset of ");
509 	msgtail("%s (%s) ", disk, spcl.c_filesys);
510 	if (host)
511 		msgtail("to %s on host %s\n", tape, host);
512 	else
513 		msgtail("to %s\n", tape);
514 	msg("Label: %s\n", labelstr);
515 
516 	ufsib = fs_parametrize();
517 
518 	dev_bshift = ffs(dev_bsize) - 1;
519 	if (dev_bsize != (1 << dev_bshift))
520 		quit("dev_bsize (%ld) is not a power of 2", dev_bsize);
521 	tp_bshift = ffs(TP_BSIZE) - 1;
522 	if (TP_BSIZE != (1 << tp_bshift))
523 		quit("TP_BSIZE (%d) is not a power of 2", TP_BSIZE);
524 	maxino = fs_maxino();
525 	mapsize = roundup(howmany(maxino, NBBY), TP_BSIZE);
526 	usedinomap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
527 	dumpdirmap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
528 	dumpinomap = (char *)xcalloc((unsigned) mapsize, sizeof(char));
529 	tapesize = 3 * (howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
530 
531 	nonodump = iswap32(spcl.c_level) < honorlevel;
532 
533 	initcache(readcache, readblksize);
534 
535 	(void)signal(SIGINFO, statussig);
536 
537 	msg("mapping (Pass I) [regular files]\n");
538 	anydirskipped = mapfiles(maxino, &tapesize, mountpoint,
539 	    (dirc ? argv : NULL));
540 
541 	msg("mapping (Pass II) [directories]\n");
542 	while (anydirskipped) {
543 		anydirskipped = mapdirs(maxino, &tapesize);
544 	}
545 
546 	if (pipeout || unlimited) {
547 		tapesize += 10;	/* 10 trailer blocks */
548 		msg("estimated %llu tape blocks.\n",
549 		    (unsigned long long)tapesize);
550 	} else {
551 		double fetapes;
552 
553 		if (blocksperfile)
554 			fetapes = (double) tapesize / blocksperfile;
555 		else if (cartridge) {
556 			/* Estimate number of tapes, assuming streaming stops at
557 			   the end of each block written, and not in mid-block.
558 			   Assume no erroneous blocks; this can be compensated
559 			   for with an artificially low tape size. */
560 			fetapes =
561 			(	  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
562 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes/block */
563 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
564 			  +
565 				  (double) tapesize	/* blocks */
566 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* streaming-stops per block */
567 				* 15.48		/* 0.1" / streaming-stop */
568 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
569 		} else {
570 			/* Estimate number of tapes, for old fashioned 9-track
571 			   tape */
572 			int tenthsperirg = (density == 625) ? 3 : 7;
573 			fetapes =
574 			(	  tapesize	/* blocks */
575 				* TP_BSIZE	/* bytes / block */
576 				* (1.0/density)	/* 0.1" / byte */
577 			  +
578 				  tapesize	/* blocks */
579 				* (1.0/ntrec)	/* IRG's / block */
580 				* tenthsperirg	/* 0.1" / IRG */
581 			) * (1.0 / tsize );	/* tape / 0.1" */
582 		}
583 		etapes = fetapes;		/* truncating assignment */
584 		etapes++;
585 		/* count the dumped inodes map on each additional tape */
586 		tapesize += (etapes - 1) *
587 			(howmany(mapsize * sizeof(char), TP_BSIZE) + 1);
588 		tapesize += etapes + 10;	/* headers + 10 trailer blks */
589 		msg("estimated %llu tape blocks on %3.2f tape(s).\n",
590 		    (unsigned long long)tapesize, fetapes);
591 	}
592 	/*
593 	 * If the user only wants an estimate of the number of
594 	 * tapes, exit now.
595 	 */
596 	if (just_estimate)
597 		exit(X_FINOK);
598 
599 	/*
600 	 * Allocate tape buffer.
601 	 */
602 	if (!alloctape())
603 		quit("can't allocate tape buffers - try a smaller"
604 		    " blocking factor.");
605 
606 	startnewtape(1);
607 	(void)time((time_t *)&(tstart_writing));
608 	xferrate = 0;
609 	dumpmap(usedinomap, TS_CLRI, maxino - 1);
610 
611 	msg("dumping (Pass III) [directories]\n");
612 	dirty = 0;		/* XXX just to get gcc to shut up */
613 	for (map = dumpdirmap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
614 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
615 			dirty = *map++;
616 		else
617 			dirty >>= 1;
618 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
619 			continue;
620 		/*
621 		 * Skip directory inodes deleted and maybe reallocated
622 		 */
623 		dp = getino(ino);
624 		if ((DIP(dp, mode) & IFMT) != IFDIR)
625 			continue;
626 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
627 	}
628 
629 	msg("dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]\n");
630 	for (map = dumpinomap, ino = 1; ino < maxino; ino++) {
631 		int mode;
632 
633 		if (((ino - 1) % NBBY) == 0)	/* map is offset by 1 */
634 			dirty = *map++;
635 		else
636 			dirty >>= 1;
637 		if ((dirty & 1) == 0)
638 			continue;
639 		/*
640 		 * Skip inodes deleted and reallocated as directories.
641 		 */
642 		dp = getino(ino);
643 		mode = DIP(dp, mode) & IFMT;
644 		if (mode == IFDIR)
645 			continue;
646 		(void)dumpino(dp, ino);
647 	}
648 
649 	spcl.c_type = iswap32(TS_END);
650 	for (i = 0; i < ntrec; i++)
651 		writeheader(maxino - 1);
652 	if (pipeout)
653 		msg("%lld tape blocks\n",(long long)iswap64(spcl.c_tapea));
654 	else
655 		msg("%lld tape blocks on %d volume%s\n",
656 		    (long long)iswap64(spcl.c_tapea), iswap32(spcl.c_volume),
657 		    (iswap32(spcl.c_volume) == 1) ? "" : "s");
658 	tnow = do_stats();
659 	date = iswap32(spcl.c_date);
660 	msg("Date of this level %c dump: %s", level,
661 		spcl.c_date == 0 ? "the epoch\n" : ctime(&date));
662 	msg("Date this dump completed:  %s", ctime(&tnow));
663 	msg("Average transfer rate: %d KB/s\n", xferrate / tapeno);
664 	putdumptime();
665 	trewind(0);
666 	broadcast("DUMP IS DONE!\a\a\n");
667 #ifdef DUMP_LFS
668 	lfs_wrap_go();
669 #endif /* DUMP_LFS */
670 	msg("DUMP IS DONE\n");
671 	Exit(X_FINOK);
672 	/* NOTREACHED */
673 	exit(X_FINOK);		/* XXX: to satisfy gcc */
674 }
675 
676 static void
677 usage(void)
678 {
679 	const char *prog = getprogname();
680 
681 	(void)fprintf(stderr,
682 "usage: %s [-0123456789aceFinStuX] [-B records] [-b blocksize]\n"
683 "            [-d density] [-f file] [-h level] [-k read-blocksize]\n"
684 "            [-L label] [-l timeout] [-r cachesize] [-s feet]\n"
685 "            [-T date] [-U dumpdev] [-x snap-backup] files-to-dump\n"
686 "       %s [-W | -w]\n", prog, prog);
687 	exit(X_STARTUP);
688 }
689 
690 /*
691  * Pick up a numeric argument.  It must be nonnegative and in the given
692  * range (except that a vmax of 0 means unlimited).
693  */
694 static long
695 numarg(const char *meaning, long vmin, long vmax)
696 {
697 	char *p;
698 	long val;
699 
700 	val = strtol(optarg, &p, 10);
701 	if (*p)
702 		errx(X_STARTUP, "illegal %s -- %s", meaning, optarg);
703 	if (val < vmin || (vmax && val > vmax))
704 		errx(X_STARTUP, "%s must be between %ld and %ld",
705 		    meaning, vmin, vmax);
706 	return (val);
707 }
708 
709 void
710 sig(int signo)
711 {
712 
713 	switch(signo) {
714 	case SIGALRM:
715 	case SIGBUS:
716 	case SIGFPE:
717 	case SIGHUP:
718 	case SIGTERM:
719 	case SIGTRAP:
720 		if (pipeout)
721 			quit("Signal on pipe: cannot recover");
722 		msg("Rewriting attempted as response to signal %s.\n", sys_siglist[signo]);
723 		(void)fflush(stderr);
724 		(void)fflush(stdout);
725 		close_rewind();
726 		exit(X_REWRITE);
727 		/* NOTREACHED */
728 	case SIGSEGV:
729 		msg("SIGSEGV: ABORTING!\n");
730 		(void)signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
731 		(void)kill(0, SIGSEGV);
732 		/* NOTREACHED */
733 	}
734 }
735 
736 /*
737  * obsolete --
738  *	Change set of key letters and ordered arguments into something
739  *	getopt(3) will like.
740  */
741 static void
742 obsolete(int *argcp, char **argvp[])
743 {
744 	int argc, flags;
745 	char *ap, **argv, *flagsp, **nargv, *p;
746 
747 	/* Setup. */
748 	argv = *argvp;
749 	argc = *argcp;
750 
751 	/* Return if no arguments or first argument has leading dash. */
752 	ap = argv[1];
753 	if (argc == 1 || *ap == '-')
754 		return;
755 
756 	/* Allocate space for new arguments. */
757 	*argvp = nargv = xmalloc((argc + 1) * sizeof(char *));
758 	p = flagsp = xmalloc(strlen(ap) + 2);
759 
760 	*nargv++ = *argv;
761 	argv += 2;
762 
763 	for (flags = 0; *ap; ++ap) {
764 		switch (*ap) {
765 		case 'B':
766 		case 'b':
767 		case 'd':
768 		case 'f':
769 		case 'h':
770 		case 's':
771 		case 'T':
772 		case 'x':
773 			if (*argv == NULL) {
774 				warnx("option requires an argument -- %c", *ap);
775 				usage();
776 			}
777 			nargv[0] = xmalloc(strlen(*argv) + 2 + 1);
778 			nargv[0][0] = '-';
779 			nargv[0][1] = *ap;
780 			(void)strcpy(&nargv[0][2], *argv); /* XXX safe strcpy */
781 			++argv;
782 			++nargv;
783 			break;
784 		default:
785 			if (!flags) {
786 				*p++ = '-';
787 				flags = 1;
788 			}
789 			*p++ = *ap;
790 			break;
791 		}
792 	}
793 
794 	/* Terminate flags. */
795 	if (flags) {
796 		*p = '\0';
797 		*nargv++ = flagsp;
798 	} else
799 		free(flagsp);
800 
801 	/* Copy remaining arguments. */
802 	while ((*nargv++ = *argv++) != NULL)
803 		;
804 
805 	/* Update argument count. */
806 	*argcp = nargv - *argvp - 1;
807 }
808 
809 
810 void *
811 xcalloc(size_t number, size_t size)
812 {
813 	void *p;
814 
815 	p = calloc(number, size);
816 	if (p == NULL)
817 		quite(errno, "Can't allocate %zu bytes", size * number);
818 	return (p);
819 }
820 
821 void *
822 xmalloc(size_t size)
823 {
824 	void *p;
825 
826 	p = malloc(size);
827 	if (p == NULL)
828 		quite(errno, "Can't allocate %zu bytes", size);
829 	return (p);
830 }
831 
832 char *
833 xstrdup(const char *str)
834 {
835 	char *p;
836 
837 	p = strdup(str);
838 	if (p == NULL)
839 		quite(errno, "Can't copy %s", str);
840 	return (p);
841 }
842