xref: /netbsd-src/sbin/disklabel/main.c (revision b5677b36047b601b9addaaa494a58ceae82c2a6c)
1 /*	$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.19 2008/07/20 01:20:22 lukem Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2006 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
8  * by Julio M. Merino Vidal.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
20  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
21  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
22  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
23  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
24  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
25  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
26  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
27  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
28  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
29  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 /*
33  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
34  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
35  *
36  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
37  * Symmetric Computer Systems.
38  *
39  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
40  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
41  * are met:
42  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
43  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
44  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
46  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
47  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
48  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
49  *    without specific prior written permission.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
52  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
53  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
54  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
55  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
56  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
57  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
58  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
59  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
60  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
61  * SUCH DAMAGE.
62  */
63 
64 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
65 #include "nbtool_config.h"
66 #endif
67 
68 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
69 #ifndef lint
70 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1987, 1993\
71  The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
72 #endif	/* not lint */
73 
74 #ifndef lint
75 #if 0
76 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
77 /* from static char sccsid[] = "@(#)disklabel.c	1.2 (Symmetric) 11/28/85"; */
78 #else
79 __RCSID("$NetBSD: main.c,v 1.19 2008/07/20 01:20:22 lukem Exp $");
80 #endif
81 #endif	/* not lint */
82 
83 #include <sys/param.h>
84 #include <sys/file.h>
85 #include <sys/stat.h>
86 #include <sys/wait.h>
87 #define DKTYPENAMES
88 #define FSTYPENAMES
89 
90 #include <ctype.h>
91 #include <err.h>
92 #include <errno.h>
93 #include <signal.h>
94 #include <string.h>
95 #include <stdio.h>
96 #include <stdlib.h>
97 #include <limits.h>
98 #include <unistd.h>
99 
100 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
101 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
102 
103 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
104 #include <nbinclude/sys/disklabel.h>
105 #include <nbinclude/sys/disklabel_acorn.h>
106 #include <nbinclude/sys/bootblock.h>
107 #include "../../include/disktab.h"
108 #else
109 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
110 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
111 #include <sys/disklabel_acorn.h>
112 #include <sys/bootblock.h>
113 #include <util.h>
114 #include <disktab.h>
115 #endif /* HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H */
116 
117 #include "pathnames.h"
118 #include "extern.h"
119 #include "dkcksum.h"
120 
121 /*
122  * Disklabel: read and write disklabels.
123  * The label is usually placed on one of the first sectors of the disk.
124  * Many machines also place a bootstrap in the same area,
125  * in which case the label is embedded in the bootstrap.
126  * The bootstrap source must leave space at the proper offset
127  * for the label on such machines.
128  */
129 
130 #ifndef BBSIZE
131 #define	BBSIZE	8192			/* size of boot area, with label */
132 #endif
133 
134 #define DISKMAGIC_REV		bswap32(DISKMAGIC)
135 /* To delete a label, we just invert the magic numbers */
136 #define DISKMAGIC_DELETED	(~DISKMAGIC)
137 #define DISKMAGIC_DELETED_REV	bswap32(~DISKMAGIC)
138 
139 #define	DEFEDITOR	_PATH_VI
140 
141 char	specname[MAXPATHLEN];
142 
143 /* Some global data, all too hard to pass about */
144 char bootarea[BBSIZE];			/* Buffer matching part of disk */
145 int bootarea_len;			/* Number of bytes we actually read */
146 static struct	disklabel lab;		/* The label we have updated */
147 
148 static	int	Aflag;		/* Action all labels */
149 static	int	Fflag;		/* Read/write from file */
150 static	int	rflag;		/* Read/write direct from disk */
151 static	int	tflag;		/* Format output as disktab */
152 	int	Cflag;		/* CHS format output */
153 static	int	Dflag;		/* Delete old labels (use with write) */
154 static	int	Iflag;		/* Read/write direct, but default if absent */
155 static	int	lflag;		/* List all known file system types and exit */
156 static	int	mflag;		/* Expect disk to contain an MBR */
157 static int verbose;
158 static int read_all;		/* set if op = READ && Aflag */
159 
160 static int write_label(int);
161 static int readlabel_direct(int);
162 static void writelabel_direct(int);
163 static int update_label(int, u_int, u_int);
164 static struct disklabel *find_label(int, u_int);
165 
166 static void		 makedisktab(FILE *, struct disklabel *);
167 static void		 makelabel(const char *, const char *);
168 static void		 l_perror(const char *);
169 static void		 readlabel(int);
170 static int		 edit(int);
171 static int		 editit(const char *);
172 static char		*skip(char *);
173 static char		*word(char *);
174 static int		 getasciilabel(FILE *, struct disklabel *);
175 static void		 usage(void);
176 static int		 qsort_strcmp(const void *, const void *);
177 static int		 getulong(const char *, char, char **,
178     unsigned long *, unsigned long);
179 #define GETNUM32(a, v)	getulong(a, '\0', NULL, v, UINT32_MAX)
180 #define GETNUM16(a, v)	getulong(a, '\0', NULL, v, UINT16_MAX)
181 #define GETNUM8(a, v)	getulong(a, '\0', NULL, v, UINT8_MAX)
182 
183 static int set_writable_fd = -1;
184 
185 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
186 #define GETLABELOFFSET()	LABELOFFSET
187 #define GETLABELSECTOR()	LABELSECTOR
188 #else /* HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H */
189 #define GETLABELOFFSET()	getlabeloffset()
190 #define GETLABELSECTOR()	getlabelsector()
191 #endif
192 
193 /* Default location for label - only used if we don't find one to update */
194 #define LABEL_OFFSET (dklabel_getlabelsector() * DEV_BSIZE + dklabel_getlabeloffset())
195 
196 /*
197  * For portability it doesn't make sense to use any other value....
198  * Except, maybe, the size of a physical sector.
199  * This value is used if we have to write a label to the start of an mbr ptn.
200  */
201 #ifndef	LABELOFFSET_MBR
202 #define	LABELOFFSET_MBR	512
203 #endif
204 
205 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
206 static int
207 opendisk(const char *path, int flags, char *buf, int buflen, int cooked)
208 {
209 	int f;
210 	f = open(path, flags, 0);
211 	strlcpy(buf, path, buflen);
212 	return f;
213 }
214 
215 static int
216 dk_ioctl(int f, void *arg)
217 {
218 	errno = ENOTTY;
219 	return -1;
220 }
221 #define dk_ioctl(f, cmd, arg) dk_ioctl(f, arg)
222 #else
223 #define dk_ioctl(f, cmd, arg) ioctl(f, cmd, arg)
224 #endif /* HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H */
225 
226 static daddr_t
227 dklabel_getlabelsector(void)
228 {
229 	unsigned long int nval;
230 	char *end;
231 	const char *val;
232 
233 	if ((val = getenv("DISKLABELSECTOR")) == NULL)
234 		return GETLABELSECTOR();
235 	if ((nval = strtoul(val, &end, 10)) == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
236 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "DISKLABELSECTOR in environment");
237 	return nval;
238 }
239 
240 static off_t
241 dklabel_getlabeloffset(void)
242 {
243 	unsigned long int nval;
244 	char *end;
245 	const char *val;
246 
247 	if ((val = getenv("DISKLABELOFFSET")) == NULL)
248 		return GETLABELOFFSET();
249 	if ((nval = strtoul(val, &end, 10)) == ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE)
250 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "DISKLABELOFFSET in environment");
251 	return nval;
252 }
253 
254 static void
255 clear_writable(void)
256 {
257 	static int zero = 0;
258 	dk_ioctl(set_writable_fd, DIOCWLABEL, &zero);
259 }
260 
261 int
262 main(int argc, char *argv[])
263 {
264 	FILE	*t;
265 	int	 ch, f, error;
266 	char	*dkname;
267 	struct stat sb;
268 	int	 writable;
269 	enum {
270 		UNSPEC, EDIT, READ, RESTORE, SETWRITABLE, SETREADONLY,
271 		WRITE, INTERACT, DELETE
272 	} op = UNSPEC, old_op;
273 
274 #ifdef USE_MBR
275 	mflag = 1;
276 #endif
277 #if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
278 	/* We must avoid doing any ioctl requests */
279 	Fflag = rflag = 1;
280 #endif
281 
282 	error = 0;
283 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ACDFINRWb:ef:ilmrs:tvw")) != -1) {
284 		old_op = op;
285 		switch (ch) {
286 		case 'A':	/* Action all labels */
287 			Aflag = 1;
288 			rflag = 1;
289 			break;
290 		case 'C':	/* Display in CHS format */
291 			Cflag = 1;
292 			break;
293 		case 'D':	/* Delete all existing labels */
294 			Dflag = 1;
295 			rflag = 1;
296 			break;
297 		case 'F':	/* Treat 'disk' as a regular file */
298 			Fflag = 1;
299 			rflag = 1;	/* Force direct access */
300 			break;
301 		case 'I':	/* Use default label if none found */
302 			Iflag = 1;
303 			rflag = 1;	/* Implies direct access */
304 			break;
305 		case 'R':	/* Restore label from text file */
306 			op = RESTORE;
307 			break;
308 		case 'N':	/* Disallow writes to label sector */
309 			op = SETREADONLY;
310 			break;
311 		case 'W':	/* Allow writes to label sector */
312 			op = SETWRITABLE;
313 			break;
314 		case 'e':	/* Edit label with $EDITOR */
315 			op = EDIT;
316 			break;
317 		case 'f':	/* Name of disktab file */
318 			if (setdisktab(optarg) == -1)
319 				usage();
320 			break;
321 		case 'i':	/* Edit using built-in editor */
322 			op = INTERACT;
323 			break;
324 		case 'l':	/* List all known file system types and exit */
325 			lflag = 1;
326 			break;
327 		case 'm':	/* Expect disk to have an MBR */
328 			mflag ^= 1;
329 			break;
330 		case 'r':	/* Read/write label directly from disk */
331 			rflag = 1;
332 			break;
333 		case 't':	/* Format output as a disktab entry */
334 			tflag = 1;
335 			break;
336 		case 'v':	/* verbose/diag output */
337 			verbose++;
338 			break;
339 		case 'w':	/* Write label based on disktab entry */
340 			op = WRITE;
341 			break;
342 		case '?':
343 		default:
344 			usage();
345 		}
346 		if (old_op != UNSPEC && old_op != op)
347 			usage();
348 	}
349 	argc -= optind;
350 	argv += optind;
351 
352 	if (lflag)
353 		exit(list_fs_types() ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
354 
355 	if (op == UNSPEC)
356 		op = Dflag ? DELETE : READ;
357 
358 	if (argc < 1)
359 		usage();
360 
361 	if (Iflag && op != EDIT && op != INTERACT)
362 		usage();
363 
364 	dkname = argv[0];
365 	f = opendisk(dkname, op == READ ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR,
366 		    specname, sizeof specname, 0);
367 	if (f < 0)
368 		err(4, "%s", specname);
369 
370 	if (!Fflag && fstat(f, &sb) == 0 && S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
371 		Fflag = rflag = 1;
372 
373 	switch (op) {
374 
375 	case DELETE:	/* Remove all existing labels */
376 		if (argc != 1)
377 			usage();
378 		Dflag = 2;
379 		writelabel_direct(f);
380 		break;
381 
382 	case EDIT:
383 		if (argc != 1)
384 			usage();
385 		readlabel(f);
386 		error = edit(f);
387 		break;
388 
389 	case INTERACT:
390 		if (argc != 1)
391 			usage();
392 		readlabel(f);
393 		/*
394 		 * XXX: Fill some default values so checklabel does not fail
395 		 */
396 		if (lab.d_bbsize == 0)
397 			lab.d_bbsize = BBSIZE;
398 		if (lab.d_sbsize == 0)
399 			lab.d_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;
400 		interact(&lab, f);
401 		break;
402 
403 	case READ:
404 		if (argc != 1)
405 			usage();
406 		read_all = Aflag;
407 		readlabel(f);
408 		if (read_all)
409 			/* Label got printed in the bowels of readlabel */
410 			break;
411 		if (tflag)
412 			makedisktab(stdout, &lab);
413 		else {
414 			showinfo(stdout, &lab, specname);
415 			showpartitions(stdout, &lab, Cflag);
416 		}
417 		error = checklabel(&lab);
418 		if (error)
419 			error += 100;
420 		break;
421 
422 	case RESTORE:
423 		if (argc != 2)
424 			usage();
425 		if (!(t = fopen(argv[1], "r")))
426 			err(4, "%s", argv[1]);
427 		if (getasciilabel(t, &lab))
428 			error = write_label(f);
429 		else
430 			error = 1;
431 		break;
432 
433 	case SETREADONLY:
434 		writable = 0;
435 		goto do_diocwlabel;
436 	case SETWRITABLE:
437 		writable = 1;
438 	    do_diocwlabel:
439 		if (argc != 1)
440 			usage();
441 		if (dk_ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &writable) < 0)
442 			err(4, "ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
443 		break;
444 
445 	case WRITE:	/* Create label from /etc/disktab entry & write */
446 		if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
447 			usage();
448 		makelabel(argv[1], argv[2]);
449 		if (checklabel(&lab) == 0)
450 			error = write_label(f);
451 		else
452 			error = 1;
453 		break;
454 
455 	case UNSPEC:
456 		usage();
457 
458 	}
459 	exit(error);
460 }
461 
462 /*
463  * Construct a prototype disklabel from /etc/disktab.
464  */
465 static void
466 makelabel(const char *type, const char *name)
467 {
468 	struct disklabel *dp;
469 
470 	dp = getdiskbyname(type);
471 	if (dp == NULL)
472 		errx(1, "unknown disk type: %s", type);
473 	lab = *dp;
474 
475 	/* d_packname is union d_boot[01], so zero */
476 	(void)memset(lab.d_packname, 0, sizeof(lab.d_packname));
477 	if (name)
478 		(void)strncpy(lab.d_packname, name, sizeof(lab.d_packname));
479 }
480 
481 static int
482 write_label(int f)
483 {
484 	int writable;
485 
486 	lab.d_magic = DISKMAGIC;
487 	lab.d_magic2 = DISKMAGIC;
488 	lab.d_checksum = 0;
489 	lab.d_checksum = dkcksum(&lab);
490 
491 	if (rflag) {
492 		/* Write the label directly to the disk */
493 
494 		/*
495 		 * First set the kernel disk label,
496 		 * then write a label to the raw disk.
497 		 * If the SDINFO ioctl fails because it is unimplemented,
498 		 * keep going; otherwise, the kernel consistency checks
499 		 * may prevent us from changing the current (in-core)
500 		 * label.
501 		 */
502 		if (!Fflag && dk_ioctl(f, DIOCSDINFO, &lab) < 0 &&
503 		    errno != ENODEV && errno != ENOTTY) {
504 			l_perror("ioctl DIOCSDINFO");
505 			return (1);
506 		}
507 		/*
508 		 * write enable label sector before write (if necessary),
509 		 * disable after writing.
510 		 */
511 		writable = 1;
512 		if (!Fflag) {
513 			if (dk_ioctl(f, DIOCWLABEL, &writable) < 0)
514 				perror("ioctl DIOCWLABEL");
515 			set_writable_fd = f;
516 			atexit(clear_writable);
517 		}
518 
519 		writelabel_direct(f);
520 
521 		/*
522 		 * Now issue a DIOCWDINFO. This will let the kernel convert the
523 		 * disklabel to some machdep format if needed.
524 		 */
525 		/* XXX: This is stupid! */
526 		if (!Fflag && dk_ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, &lab) < 0) {
527 			l_perror("ioctl DIOCWDINFO");
528 			return (1);
529 		}
530 	} else {
531 		/* Get the kernel to write the label */
532 		if (dk_ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, &lab) < 0) {
533 			l_perror("ioctl DIOCWDINFO");
534 			return (1);
535 		}
536 	}
537 
538 #ifdef __vax__
539 	if (lab.d_type == DTYPE_SMD && lab.d_flags & D_BADSECT &&
540 	    lab.d_secsize == 512) {
541 		/* Write the label to the odd sectors of the last track! */
542 		daddr_t	alt;
543 		int	i;
544 		uint8_t sec0[512];
545 
546 		if (pread(f, sec0, 512, 0) < 512) {
547 			warn("read master label to write alternates");
548 			return 0;
549 		}
550 
551 		alt = lab.d_ncylinders * lab.d_secpercyl - lab.d_nsectors;
552 		for (i = 1; i < 11 && i < lab.d_nsectors; i += 2) {
553 			if (pwrite(f, sec0, 512, (off_t)(alt + i) * 512) < 512)
554 				warn("alternate label %d write", i/2);
555 		}
556 	}
557 #endif	/* __vax__ */
558 
559 	return 0;
560 }
561 
562 int
563 writelabel(int f, struct disklabel *lp)
564 {
565 	if (lp != &lab)
566 		lab = *lp;
567 	return write_label(f);
568 }
569 
570 static void
571 l_perror(const char *s)
572 {
573 
574 	switch (errno) {
575 
576 	case ESRCH:
577 		warnx("%s: No disk label on disk;\n"
578 		    "use \"disklabel -I\" to install initial label", s);
579 		break;
580 
581 	case EINVAL:
582 		warnx("%s: Label magic number or checksum is wrong!\n"
583 		    "(disklabel or kernel is out of date?)", s);
584 		break;
585 
586 	case EBUSY:
587 		warnx("%s: Open partition would move or shrink", s);
588 		break;
589 
590 	case EXDEV:
591 		warnx("%s: Labeled partition or 'a' partition must start"
592 		      " at beginning of disk", s);
593 		break;
594 
595 	default:
596 		warn("%s", s);
597 		break;
598 	}
599 }
600 
601 #ifdef NO_MBR_SUPPORT
602 #define process_mbr(f, action) 1
603 #else
604 /*
605  * Scan DOS/MBR partition table and extended partition list for NetBSD ptns.
606  */
607 static int
608 process_mbr(int f, int (*action)(int, u_int))
609 {
610 	struct mbr_partition *dp;
611 	struct mbr_sector mbr;
612 	int rval = 1, res;
613 	int part;
614 	u_int ext_base, next_ext, this_ext, start;
615 
616 	ext_base = 0;
617 	next_ext = 0;
618 	for (;;) {
619 		this_ext = next_ext;
620 		next_ext = 0;
621 		if (verbose > 1)
622 			warnx("reading mbr sector %u", this_ext);
623 		if (pread(f, &mbr, sizeof mbr, this_ext * (off_t)DEV_BSIZE)
624 		    != sizeof(mbr)) {
625 			if (verbose)
626 				warn("Can't read master boot record %d",
627 				    this_ext);
628 			break;
629 		}
630 
631 		/* Check if table is valid. */
632 		if (mbr.mbr_magic != htole16(MBR_MAGIC)) {
633 			if (verbose)
634 				warnx("Invalid signature in mbr record %d",
635 				    this_ext);
636 			break;
637 		}
638 
639 		dp = &mbr.mbr_parts[0];
640 
641 		/* Find NetBSD partition(s). */
642 		for (part = 0; part < MBR_PART_COUNT; dp++, part++) {
643 			start = le32toh(dp->mbrp_start);
644 			switch (dp->mbrp_type) {
645 #ifdef COMPAT_386BSD_MBRPART
646 			case MBR_PTYPE_386BSD:
647 				if (ext_base != 0)
648 					break;
649 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
650 #endif
651 			case MBR_PTYPE_NETBSD:
652 				res = action(f, this_ext + start);
653 				if (res <= 0)
654 					/* Found or failure */
655 					return res;
656 				if (res > rval)
657 					/* Keep largest value */
658 					rval = res;
659 				break;
660 			case MBR_PTYPE_EXT:
661 			case MBR_PTYPE_EXT_LBA:
662 			case MBR_PTYPE_EXT_LNX:
663 				next_ext = start;
664 				break;
665 			default:
666 				break;
667 			}
668 		}
669 		if (next_ext == 0)
670 			/* No more extended partitions */
671 			break;
672 		next_ext += ext_base;
673 		if (ext_base == 0)
674 			ext_base = next_ext;
675 
676 		if (next_ext <= this_ext) {
677 			if (verbose)
678 				warnx("Invalid extended chain %x <= %x",
679 					next_ext, this_ext);
680 			break;
681 		}
682 		/* Maybe we should check against the disk size... */
683 	}
684 
685 	return rval;
686 }
687 
688 static int
689 readlabel_mbr(int f, u_int sector)
690 {
691 	struct disklabel *lp;
692 
693 	lp = find_label(f, sector);
694 	if (lp == NULL)
695 		return 1;
696 	lab = *lp;
697 	return 0;
698 }
699 
700 static int
701 writelabel_mbr(int f, u_int sector)
702 {
703 	return update_label(f, sector, mflag ? LABELOFFSET_MBR : ~0U) ? 2 : 0;
704 }
705 
706 #endif	/* !NO_MBR_SUPPORT */
707 
708 #ifndef USE_ACORN
709 #define get_filecore_partition(f) 0
710 #else
711 /*
712  * static int filecore_checksum(u_char *bootblock)
713  *
714  * Calculates the filecore boot block checksum. This is used to validate
715  * a filecore boot block on the disk.  If a boot block is validated then
716  * it is used to locate the partition table. If the boot block is not
717  * validated, it is assumed that the whole disk is NetBSD.
718  *
719  * The basic algorithm is:
720  *
721  *	for (each byte in block, excluding checksum) {
722  *		sum += byte;
723  *		if (sum > 255)
724  *			sum -= 255;
725  *	}
726  *
727  * That's equivalent to summing all of the bytes in the block
728  * (excluding the checksum byte, of course), then calculating the
729  * checksum as "cksum = sum - ((sum - 1) / 255) * 255)".  That
730  * expression may or may not yield a faster checksum function,
731  * but it's easier to reason about.
732  *
733  * Note that if you have a block filled with bytes of a single
734  * value "X" (regardless of that value!) and calculate the cksum
735  * of the block (excluding the checksum byte), you will _always_
736  * end up with a checksum of X.  (Do the math; that can be derived
737  * from the checksum calculation function!)  That means that
738  * blocks which contain bytes which all have the same value will
739  * always checksum properly.  That's a _very_ unlikely occurence
740  * (probably impossible, actually) for a valid filecore boot block,
741  * so we treat such blocks as invalid.
742  */
743 static int
744 filecore_checksum(u_char *bootblock)
745 {
746 	u_char	byte0, accum_diff;
747 	u_int	sum;
748 	int	i;
749 
750 	sum = 0;
751 	accum_diff = 0;
752 	byte0 = bootblock[0];
753 
754 	/*
755 	 * Sum the contents of the block, keeping track of whether
756 	 * or not all bytes are the same.  If 'accum_diff' ends up
757 	 * being zero, all of the bytes are, in fact, the same.
758 	 */
759 	for (i = 0; i < 511; ++i) {
760 		sum += bootblock[i];
761 		accum_diff |= bootblock[i] ^ byte0;
762 	}
763 
764 	/*
765 	 * Check to see if the checksum byte is the same as the
766 	 * rest of the bytes, too.  (Note that if all of the bytes
767 	 * are the same except the checksum, a checksum compare
768 	 * won't succeed, but that's not our problem.)
769 	 */
770 	accum_diff |= bootblock[i] ^ byte0;
771 
772 	/* All bytes in block are the same; call it invalid. */
773 	if (accum_diff == 0)
774 		return (-1);
775 
776 	return (sum - ((sum - 1) / 255) * 255);
777 }
778 
779 /*
780  * Check for the presence of a RiscOS filecore boot block
781  * indicating an ADFS file system on the disc.
782  * Return the offset to the NetBSD part of the disc if
783  * this can be determined.
784  * This routine will terminate disklabel if the disc
785  * is found to be ADFS only.
786  */
787 static u_int
788 get_filecore_partition(int f)
789 {
790 	struct filecore_bootblock	*fcbb;
791 	static u_char	bb[DEV_BSIZE];
792 	u_int		offset;
793 	struct riscix_partition_table	*riscix_part;
794 	int		loop;
795 
796 	if (pread(f, bb, sizeof(bb), (off_t)FILECORE_BOOT_SECTOR * DEV_BSIZE) != sizeof(bb))
797 		err(4, "can't read filecore boot block");
798 	fcbb = (struct filecore_bootblock *)bb;
799 
800 	/* Check if table is valid. */
801 	if (filecore_checksum(bb) != fcbb->checksum)
802 		return (0);
803 
804 	/*
805 	 * Check for NetBSD/arm32 (RiscBSD) partition marker.
806 	 * If found the NetBSD disklabel location is easy.
807 	 */
808 	offset = (fcbb->partition_cyl_low + (fcbb->partition_cyl_high << 8))
809 	    * fcbb->heads * fcbb->secspertrack;
810 
811 	switch (fcbb->partition_type) {
812 
813 	case PARTITION_FORMAT_RISCBSD:
814 		return (offset);
815 
816 	case PARTITION_FORMAT_RISCIX:
817 		/*
818 		 * Read the RISCiX partition table and search for the
819 		 * first partition named "RiscBSD", "NetBSD", or "Empty:"
820 		 *
821 		 * XXX is use of 'Empty:' really desirable?! -- cgd
822 		 */
823 
824 		if (pread(f, bb, sizeof(bb), (off_t)offset * DEV_BSIZE) != sizeof(bb))
825 			err(4, "can't read riscix partition table");
826 		riscix_part = (struct riscix_partition_table *)bb;
827 
828 		for (loop = 0; loop < NRISCIX_PARTITIONS; ++loop) {
829 			if (strcmp((char *)riscix_part->partitions[loop].rp_name,
830 				    "RiscBSD") == 0 ||
831 			    strcmp((char *)riscix_part->partitions[loop].rp_name,
832 				    "NetBSD") == 0 ||
833 			    strcmp((char *)riscix_part->partitions[loop].rp_name,
834 				    "Empty:") == 0) {
835 				return riscix_part->partitions[loop].rp_start;
836 				break;
837 			}
838 		}
839 		/*
840 		 * Valid filecore boot block, RISCiX partition table
841 		 * but no NetBSD partition. We should leave this
842 		 * disc alone.
843 		 */
844 		errx(4, "cannot label: no NetBSD partition found"
845 			" in RISCiX partition table");
846 
847 	default:
848 		/*
849 		 * Valid filecore boot block and no non-ADFS partition.
850 		 * This means that the whole disc is allocated for ADFS
851 		 * so do not trash ! If the user really wants to put a
852 		 * NetBSD disklabel on the disc then they should remove
853 		 * the filecore boot block first with dd.
854 		 */
855 		errx(4, "cannot label: filecore-only disk"
856 			" (no non-ADFS partition)");
857 	}
858 	return (0);
859 }
860 #endif	/* USE_ACORN */
861 
862 /*
863  * Fetch disklabel for disk to 'lab'.
864  * Use ioctl to get label unless -r flag is given.
865  */
866 static void
867 readlabel(int f)
868 {
869 	if (rflag) {
870 		/* Get label directly from disk */
871 		if (readlabel_direct(f) == 0)
872 			return;
873 		/*
874 		 * There was no label on the disk. Get the fictious one
875 		 * as a basis for initialisation.
876 		 */
877 		if (!Fflag && Iflag && (dk_ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, &lab) == 0 ||
878 		    dk_ioctl(f, DIOCGDEFLABEL, &lab) == 0))
879 			return;
880 	} else {
881 		/* Get label from kernel. */
882 		if (dk_ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, &lab) < 0)
883 			err(4, "ioctl DIOCGDINFO");
884 		return;
885 	}
886 
887 	if (read_all == 2)
888 		/* We actually found one, and printed it... */
889 		exit(0);
890 	errx(1, "could not read existing label");
891 }
892 
893 /*
894  * Reading the label from the disk is largely a case of 'hunt the label'.
895  * and since different architectures default to different places there
896  * could even be more than one label that contradict each other!
897  * For now we look in the expected place, then search through likely
898  * other locations.
899  */
900 static struct disklabel *
901 find_label(int f, u_int sector)
902 {
903 	struct disklabel *lp;
904 	int i, offset;
905 	const char *is_deleted;
906 
907 	bootarea_len = pread(f, bootarea, sizeof bootarea,
908 	    sector * (off_t)DEV_BSIZE);
909 	if (bootarea_len <= 0) {
910 		if (verbose)
911 			warn("failed to read bootarea from sector %u", sector);
912 		return NULL;
913 	}
914 
915 	if (verbose > 2)
916 		warnx("read sector %u len %u looking for label",
917 		    sector, bootarea_len);
918 
919 	/* Check expected offset first */
920 	for (offset = LABEL_OFFSET, i = -4;; offset = i += 4) {
921 		is_deleted = "";
922 		lp = (void *)(bootarea + offset);
923 		if (i == LABEL_OFFSET)
924 			continue;
925 		if ((char *)(lp + 1) > bootarea + bootarea_len)
926 			break;
927 		if (lp->d_magic2 != lp->d_magic)
928 			continue;
929 		if (read_all && (lp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC_DELETED ||
930 		    lp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC_DELETED_REV)) {
931 			lp->d_magic ^= ~0u;
932 			lp->d_magic2 ^= ~0u;
933 			is_deleted = "deleted ";
934 		}
935 		if (lp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC) {
936 			/* XXX: Do something about byte-swapped labels ? */
937 			if (lp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC_REV &&
938 			    lp->d_magic2 == DISKMAGIC_REV)
939 				warnx("ignoring %sbyteswapped label"
940 				    " at offset %u from sector %u",
941 				    is_deleted, offset, sector);
942 			continue;
943 		}
944 		if (lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS || dkcksum(lp) != 0) {
945 			if (verbose > 0)
946 				warnx("corrupt label found at offset %u in "
947 				    "sector %u", offset, sector);
948 			continue;
949 		}
950 		if (verbose > 1)
951 			warnx("%slabel found at offset %u from sector %u",
952 			    is_deleted, offset, sector);
953 		if (!read_all)
954 			return lp;
955 
956 		/* To print all the labels we have to do it here */
957 		/* XXX: maybe we should compare them? */
958 		printf("# %ssector %u offset %u bytes\n",
959 		    is_deleted, sector, offset);
960 		if (tflag)
961 			makedisktab(stdout, lp);
962 		else {
963 			showinfo(stdout, lp, specname);
964 			showpartitions(stdout, lp, Cflag);
965 		}
966 		checklabel(lp);
967 		/* Remember we've found a label */
968 		read_all = 2;
969 	}
970 	return NULL;
971 }
972 
973 static void
974 write_bootarea(int f, u_int sector)
975 {
976 	int wlen;
977 
978 	if (bootarea_len <= 0)
979 		errx(1, "attempting to write after failed read");
980 
981 #ifdef __alpha__
982 	/*
983 	 * The Alpha requires that the boot block be checksummed.
984 	 * The NetBSD/alpha disklabel.h provides a macro to do it.
985 	 */
986 	if (sector == 0) {
987 		struct alpha_boot_block *bb;
988 
989 		bb = (struct alpha_boot_block *)(void *)bootarea;
990 		bb->bb_cksum = 0;
991 		ALPHA_BOOT_BLOCK_CKSUM(bb, &bb->bb_cksum);
992 	}
993 #endif	/* __alpha__ */
994 
995 	wlen = pwrite(f, bootarea, bootarea_len, sector * (off_t)DEV_BSIZE);
996 	if (wlen == bootarea_len)
997 		return;
998 	if (wlen == -1)
999 		err(1, "disklabel write (sector %u) size %u failed",
1000 		    sector, bootarea_len);
1001 	errx(1, "disklabel write (sector %u) size %u truncated to %d",
1002 		    sector, bootarea_len, wlen);
1003 }
1004 
1005 static int
1006 update_label(int f, u_int label_sector, u_int label_offset)
1007 {
1008 	struct disklabel *disk_lp;
1009 
1010 	disk_lp = find_label(f, label_sector);
1011 
1012 	if (disk_lp && Dflag) {
1013 		/* Invalidate the existing label */
1014 		disk_lp->d_magic ^= ~0u;
1015 		disk_lp->d_magic2 ^= ~0u;
1016 		if (Dflag == 2)
1017 			write_bootarea(f, label_sector);
1018 		/* Force label to default location */
1019 		disk_lp = NULL;
1020 	}
1021 
1022 	if (Dflag == 2)
1023 		/* We are just deleting the label */
1024 		return 0;
1025 
1026 	if (disk_lp == NULL) {
1027 		if (label_offset == ~0u)
1028 			return 0;
1029 		/* Nothing on the disk - we need to add it */
1030 		disk_lp = (void *)(bootarea + label_offset);
1031 		if ((char *)(disk_lp + 1) > bootarea + bootarea_len)
1032 			errx(1, "no space in bootarea (sector %u) "
1033 			    "to create label", label_sector);
1034 	}
1035 
1036 	*disk_lp = lab;
1037 	write_bootarea(f, label_sector);
1038 	return 1;
1039 }
1040 
1041 static void
1042 writelabel_direct(int f)
1043 {
1044 	u_int label_sector;
1045 	int written = 0;
1046 	int rval;
1047 
1048 	label_sector = get_filecore_partition(f);
1049 	if (label_sector != 0)
1050 		/* The offset needs to be that from the acorn ports... */
1051 		written = update_label(f, label_sector, DEV_BSIZE);
1052 
1053 	rval = process_mbr(f, writelabel_mbr);
1054 
1055 	if (rval == 2 || written)
1056 		/* Don't add a label to sector 0, but update one if there */
1057 		update_label(f, 0, ~0u);
1058 	else
1059 		update_label(f, 0, LABEL_OFFSET);
1060 }
1061 
1062 static int
1063 readlabel_direct(int f)
1064 {
1065 	struct disklabel *disk_lp;
1066 	u_int filecore_partition_offset;
1067 
1068 	filecore_partition_offset = get_filecore_partition(f);
1069 	if (filecore_partition_offset != 0) {
1070 		disk_lp = find_label(f, filecore_partition_offset);
1071 		if (disk_lp != NULL) {
1072 			lab = *disk_lp;
1073 			return 0;
1074 		}
1075 	}
1076 
1077 	if (mflag && process_mbr(f, readlabel_mbr) == 0)
1078 		return 0;
1079 
1080 	disk_lp = find_label(f, 0);
1081 	if (disk_lp != NULL) {
1082 		lab = *disk_lp;
1083 		return 0;
1084 	}
1085 
1086 	if (!mflag && process_mbr(f, readlabel_mbr) == 0)
1087 		return 0;
1088 
1089 	return 1;
1090 }
1091 
1092 static void
1093 makedisktab(FILE *f, struct disklabel *lp)
1094 {
1095 	int	 i;
1096 	const char *did;
1097 	struct partition *pp;
1098 
1099 	did = "\\\n\t:";
1100 	(void) fprintf(f, "%.*s|Automatically generated label:\\\n\t:dt=",
1101 	    (int) sizeof(lp->d_typename), lp->d_typename);
1102 	if ((unsigned) lp->d_type < DKMAXTYPES)
1103 		(void) fprintf(f, "%s:", dktypenames[lp->d_type]);
1104 	else
1105 		(void) fprintf(f, "unknown%d:", lp->d_type);
1106 
1107 	(void) fprintf(f, "se#%d:", lp->d_secsize);
1108 	(void) fprintf(f, "ns#%d:", lp->d_nsectors);
1109 	(void) fprintf(f, "nt#%d:", lp->d_ntracks);
1110 	(void) fprintf(f, "sc#%d:", lp->d_secpercyl);
1111 	(void) fprintf(f, "nc#%d:", lp->d_ncylinders);
1112 
1113 	if ((lp->d_secpercyl * lp->d_ncylinders) != lp->d_secperunit) {
1114 		(void) fprintf(f, "%ssu#%d:", did, lp->d_secperunit);
1115 		did = "";
1116 	}
1117 	if (lp->d_rpm != 3600) {
1118 		(void) fprintf(f, "%srm#%d:", did, lp->d_rpm);
1119 		did = "";
1120 	}
1121 	if (lp->d_interleave != 1) {
1122 		(void) fprintf(f, "%sil#%d:", did, lp->d_interleave);
1123 		did = "";
1124 	}
1125 	if (lp->d_trackskew != 0) {
1126 		(void) fprintf(f, "%ssk#%d:", did, lp->d_trackskew);
1127 		did = "";
1128 	}
1129 	if (lp->d_cylskew != 0) {
1130 		(void) fprintf(f, "%scs#%d:", did, lp->d_cylskew);
1131 		did = "";
1132 	}
1133 	if (lp->d_headswitch != 0) {
1134 		(void) fprintf(f, "%shs#%d:", did, lp->d_headswitch);
1135 		did = "";
1136 	}
1137 	if (lp->d_trkseek != 0) {
1138 		(void) fprintf(f, "%sts#%d:", did, lp->d_trkseek);
1139 		did = "";
1140 	}
1141 #ifdef notyet
1142 	(void) fprintf(f, "drivedata: ");
1143 	for (i = NDDATA - 1; i >= 0; i--)
1144 		if (lp->d_drivedata[i])
1145 			break;
1146 	if (i < 0)
1147 		i = 0;
1148 	for (j = 0; j <= i; j++)
1149 		(void) fprintf(f, "%d ", lp->d_drivedata[j]);
1150 #endif	/* notyet */
1151 	pp = lp->d_partitions;
1152 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++, pp++) {
1153 		if (pp->p_size) {
1154 			char c = 'a' + i;
1155 			(void) fprintf(f, "\\\n\t:");
1156 			(void) fprintf(f, "p%c#%d:", c, pp->p_size);
1157 			(void) fprintf(f, "o%c#%d:", c, pp->p_offset);
1158 			if (pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED) {
1159 				if ((unsigned) pp->p_fstype < FSMAXTYPES)
1160 					(void) fprintf(f, "t%c=%s:", c,
1161 					    fstypenames[pp->p_fstype]);
1162 				else
1163 					(void) fprintf(f, "t%c=unknown%d:",
1164 					    c, pp->p_fstype);
1165 			}
1166 			switch (pp->p_fstype) {
1167 
1168 			case FS_UNUSED:
1169 				break;
1170 
1171 			case FS_BSDFFS:
1172 			case FS_BSDLFS:
1173 			case FS_EX2FS:
1174 			case FS_ADOS:
1175 			case FS_APPLEUFS:
1176 				(void) fprintf(f, "b%c#%d:", c,
1177 				    pp->p_fsize * pp->p_frag);
1178 				(void) fprintf(f, "f%c#%d:", c, pp->p_fsize);
1179 				break;
1180 			default:
1181 				break;
1182 			}
1183 		}
1184 	}
1185 	(void) fprintf(f, "\n");
1186 	(void) fflush(f);
1187 }
1188 
1189 static int
1190 edit(int f)
1191 {
1192 	const char *tmpdir;
1193 	char	tmpfil[MAXPATHLEN];
1194 	int	 first, ch, fd;
1195 	int	get_ok;
1196 	FILE	*fp;
1197 
1198 	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) == NULL)
1199 		tmpdir = _PATH_TMP;
1200 	(void)snprintf(tmpfil, sizeof(tmpfil), "%s/%s", tmpdir, TMPFILE);
1201 	if ((fd = mkstemp(tmpfil)) == -1 || (fp = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) {
1202 		warn("%s", tmpfil);
1203 		return (1);
1204 	}
1205 	(void)fchmod(fd, 0600);
1206 	showinfo(fp, &lab, specname);
1207 	showpartitions(fp, &lab, Cflag);
1208 	(void) fclose(fp);
1209 	for (;;) {
1210 		if (!editit(tmpfil))
1211 			break;
1212 		fp = fopen(tmpfil, "r");
1213 		if (fp == NULL) {
1214 			warn("%s", tmpfil);
1215 			break;
1216 		}
1217 		(void) memset(&lab, 0, sizeof(lab));
1218 		get_ok = getasciilabel(fp, &lab);
1219 		fclose(fp);
1220 		if (get_ok && write_label(f) == 0) {
1221 			(void) unlink(tmpfil);
1222 			return (0);
1223 		}
1224 		(void) printf("re-edit the label? [y]: ");
1225 		(void) fflush(stdout);
1226 		first = ch = getchar();
1227 		while (ch != '\n' && ch != EOF)
1228 			ch = getchar();
1229 		if (first == 'n' || first == 'N')
1230 			break;
1231 	}
1232 	(void)unlink(tmpfil);
1233 	return (1);
1234 }
1235 
1236 static int
1237 editit(const char *tmpfil)
1238 {
1239 	int pid, xpid;
1240 	int status;
1241 	sigset_t nsigset, osigset;
1242 
1243 	sigemptyset(&nsigset);
1244 	sigaddset(&nsigset, SIGINT);
1245 	sigaddset(&nsigset, SIGQUIT);
1246 	sigaddset(&nsigset, SIGHUP);
1247 	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nsigset, &osigset);
1248 	while ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
1249 		if (errno != EAGAIN) {
1250 			sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osigset, (sigset_t *)0);
1251 			warn("fork");
1252 			return (0);
1253 		}
1254 		sleep(1);
1255 	}
1256 	if (pid == 0) {
1257 		const char *ed;
1258 		char *buf;
1259 		int retval;
1260 
1261 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osigset, (sigset_t *)0);
1262 		setgid(getgid());
1263 		setuid(getuid());
1264 		if ((ed = getenv("EDITOR")) == (char *)0)
1265 			ed = DEFEDITOR;
1266 		/*
1267 		 * Jump through a few extra hoops in case someone's editor
1268 		 * is "editor arg1 arg2".
1269 		 */
1270 		asprintf(&buf, "%s %s", ed, tmpfil);
1271 		if (!buf)
1272 			err(1, "malloc");
1273 		retval = execlp(_PATH_BSHELL, _PATH_BSHELL, "-c", buf, NULL);
1274 		if (retval == -1)
1275 			perror(ed);
1276 		exit(retval);
1277 	}
1278 	while ((xpid = wait(&status)) >= 0)
1279 		if (xpid == pid)
1280 			break;
1281 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osigset, (sigset_t *)0);
1282 	return (!status);
1283 }
1284 
1285 static char *
1286 skip(char *cp)
1287 {
1288 
1289 	cp += strspn(cp, " \t");
1290 	if (*cp == '\0')
1291 		return (NULL);
1292 	return (cp);
1293 }
1294 
1295 static char *
1296 word(char *cp)
1297 {
1298 
1299 	if (cp == NULL || *cp == '\0')
1300 		return (NULL);
1301 
1302 	cp += strcspn(cp, " \t");
1303 	if (*cp == '\0')
1304 		return (NULL);
1305 	*cp++ = '\0';
1306 	cp += strspn(cp, " \t");
1307 	if (*cp == '\0')
1308 		return (NULL);
1309 	return (cp);
1310 }
1311 
1312 #define _CHECKLINE \
1313 	if (tp == NULL || *tp == '\0') {			\
1314 		warnx("line %d: too few fields", lineno);	\
1315 		errors++;					\
1316 		break;						\
1317 	}
1318 
1319 #define __CHECKLINE \
1320 	if (*tp == NULL || **tp == '\0') {			\
1321 		warnx("line %d: too few fields", lineno);	\
1322 		*tp = _error_;					\
1323 		return 0;					\
1324 	}
1325 
1326 static char _error_[] = "";
1327 #define NXTNUM(n)	if ((n = nxtnum(&tp, lineno),0) + tp != _error_) \
1328 			; else goto error
1329 #define NXTXNUM(n)	if ((n = nxtxnum(&tp, lp, lineno),0) + tp != _error_) \
1330 			; else goto error
1331 
1332 static unsigned long
1333 nxtnum(char **tp, int lineno)
1334 {
1335 	char *cp;
1336 	unsigned long v;
1337 
1338 	__CHECKLINE
1339 	if (getulong(*tp, '\0', &cp, &v, UINT32_MAX) != 0) {
1340 		warnx("line %d: syntax error", lineno);
1341 		*tp = _error_;
1342 		return 0;
1343 	}
1344 	*tp = cp;
1345 	return v;
1346 }
1347 
1348 static unsigned long
1349 nxtxnum(char **tp, struct disklabel *lp, int lineno)
1350 {
1351 	char	*cp, *ncp;
1352 	unsigned long n, v;
1353 
1354 	__CHECKLINE
1355 	cp = *tp;
1356 	if (getulong(cp, '/', &ncp, &n, UINT32_MAX) != 0)
1357 		goto bad;
1358 
1359 	if (*ncp == '/') {
1360 		n *= lp->d_secpercyl;
1361 		cp = ncp + 1;
1362 		if (getulong(cp, '/', &ncp, &v, UINT32_MAX) != 0)
1363 			goto bad;
1364 		n += v * lp->d_nsectors;
1365 		cp = ncp + 1;
1366 		if (getulong(cp, '\0', &ncp, &v, UINT32_MAX) != 0)
1367 			goto bad;
1368 		n += v;
1369 	}
1370 	*tp = ncp;
1371 	return n;
1372 bad:
1373 	warnx("line %d: invalid format", lineno);
1374 	*tp = _error_;
1375 	return 0;
1376 }
1377 
1378 /*
1379  * Read an ascii label in from fd f,
1380  * in the same format as that put out by showinfo() and showpartitions(),
1381  * and fill in lp.
1382  */
1383 static int
1384 getasciilabel(FILE *f, struct disklabel *lp)
1385 {
1386 	const char *const *cpp, *s;
1387 	struct partition *pp;
1388 	char	*cp, *tp, line[BUFSIZ], tbuf[15];
1389 	int	 lineno, errors;
1390 	unsigned long v;
1391 	unsigned int part;
1392 
1393 	lineno = 0;
1394 	errors = 0;
1395 	lp->d_bbsize = BBSIZE;				/* XXX */
1396 	lp->d_sbsize = SBLOCKSIZE;			/* XXX */
1397 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, f)) {
1398 		lineno++;
1399 		if ((cp = strpbrk(line, "#\r\n")) != NULL)
1400 			*cp = '\0';
1401 		cp = skip(line);
1402 		if (cp == NULL)     /* blank line or comment line */
1403 			continue;
1404 		tp = strchr(cp, ':'); /* everything has a colon in it */
1405 		if (tp == NULL) {
1406 			warnx("line %d: syntax error", lineno);
1407 			errors++;
1408 			continue;
1409 		}
1410 		*tp++ = '\0', tp = skip(tp);
1411 		if (!strcmp(cp, "type")) {
1412 			if (tp == NULL) {
1413 				strlcpy(tbuf, "unknown", sizeof(tbuf));
1414 				tp = tbuf;
1415 			}
1416 			cpp = dktypenames;
1417 			for (; cpp < &dktypenames[DKMAXTYPES]; cpp++)
1418 				if ((s = *cpp) && !strcasecmp(s, tp)) {
1419 					lp->d_type = cpp - dktypenames;
1420 					goto next;
1421 				}
1422 			if (GETNUM16(tp, &v) != 0) {
1423 				warnx("line %d: syntax error", lineno);
1424 				errors++;
1425 				continue;
1426 			}
1427 			if (v >= DKMAXTYPES)
1428 				warnx("line %d: warning, unknown disk type: %s",
1429 				    lineno, tp);
1430 			lp->d_type = v;
1431 			continue;
1432 		}
1433 		if (!strcmp(cp, "flags")) {
1434 			for (v = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0';) {
1435 				tp = word(cp);
1436 				if (!strcasecmp(cp, "removable"))
1437 					v |= D_REMOVABLE;
1438 				else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "ecc"))
1439 					v |= D_ECC;
1440 				else if (!strcasecmp(cp, "badsect"))
1441 					v |= D_BADSECT;
1442 				else {
1443 					warnx("line %d: bad flag: %s",
1444 					    lineno, cp);
1445 					errors++;
1446 				}
1447 			}
1448 			lp->d_flags = v;
1449 			continue;
1450 		}
1451 		if (!strcmp(cp, "drivedata")) {
1452 			int i;
1453 
1454 			for (i = 0; (cp = tp) && *cp != '\0' && i < NDDATA;) {
1455 				if (GETNUM32(cp, &v) != 0) {
1456 					warnx("line %d: bad drive data",
1457 					    lineno);
1458 					errors++;
1459 				} else
1460 					lp->d_drivedata[i] = v;
1461 				i++;
1462 				tp = word(cp);
1463 			}
1464 			continue;
1465 		}
1466 		if (sscanf(cp, "%lu partitions", &v) == 1) {
1467 			if (v == 0 || v > MAXPARTITIONS) {
1468 				warnx("line %d: bad # of partitions", lineno);
1469 				lp->d_npartitions = MAXPARTITIONS;
1470 				errors++;
1471 			} else
1472 				lp->d_npartitions = v;
1473 			continue;
1474 		}
1475 		if (tp == NULL) {
1476 			tbuf[0] = '\0';
1477 			tp = tbuf;
1478 		}
1479 		if (!strcmp(cp, "disk")) {
1480 			strncpy(lp->d_typename, tp, sizeof(lp->d_typename));
1481 			continue;
1482 		}
1483 		if (!strcmp(cp, "label")) {
1484 			strncpy(lp->d_packname, tp, sizeof(lp->d_packname));
1485 			continue;
1486 		}
1487 		if (!strcmp(cp, "bytes/sector")) {
1488 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0 || v <= 0 || (v % 512) != 0) {
1489 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1490 				errors++;
1491 			} else
1492 				lp->d_secsize = v;
1493 			continue;
1494 		}
1495 		if (!strcmp(cp, "sectors/track")) {
1496 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1497 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1498 				errors++;
1499 			} else
1500 				lp->d_nsectors = v;
1501 			continue;
1502 		}
1503 		if (!strcmp(cp, "sectors/cylinder")) {
1504 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1505 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1506 				errors++;
1507 			} else
1508 				lp->d_secpercyl = v;
1509 			continue;
1510 		}
1511 		if (!strcmp(cp, "tracks/cylinder")) {
1512 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1513 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1514 				errors++;
1515 			} else
1516 				lp->d_ntracks = v;
1517 			continue;
1518 		}
1519 		if (!strcmp(cp, "cylinders")) {
1520 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1521 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1522 				errors++;
1523 			} else
1524 				lp->d_ncylinders = v;
1525 			continue;
1526 		}
1527 		if (!strcmp(cp, "total sectors") ||
1528 		    !strcmp(cp, "sectors/unit")) {
1529 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1530 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1531 				errors++;
1532 			} else
1533 				lp->d_secperunit = v;
1534 			continue;
1535 		}
1536 		if (!strcmp(cp, "rpm")) {
1537 			if (GETNUM16(tp, &v) != 0) {
1538 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1539 				errors++;
1540 			} else
1541 				lp->d_rpm = v;
1542 			continue;
1543 		}
1544 		if (!strcmp(cp, "interleave")) {
1545 			if (GETNUM16(tp, &v) != 0) {
1546 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1547 				errors++;
1548 			} else
1549 				lp->d_interleave = v;
1550 			continue;
1551 		}
1552 		if (!strcmp(cp, "trackskew")) {
1553 			if (GETNUM16(tp, &v) != 0) {
1554 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1555 				errors++;
1556 			} else
1557 				lp->d_trackskew = v;
1558 			continue;
1559 		}
1560 		if (!strcmp(cp, "cylinderskew")) {
1561 			if (GETNUM16(tp, &v) != 0) {
1562 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1563 				errors++;
1564 			} else
1565 				lp->d_cylskew = v;
1566 			continue;
1567 		}
1568 		if (!strcmp(cp, "headswitch")) {
1569 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1570 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1571 				errors++;
1572 			} else
1573 				lp->d_headswitch = v;
1574 			continue;
1575 		}
1576 		if (!strcmp(cp, "track-to-track seek")) {
1577 			if (GETNUM32(tp, &v) != 0) {
1578 				warnx("line %d: bad %s: %s", lineno, cp, tp);
1579 				errors++;
1580 			} else
1581 				lp->d_trkseek = v;
1582 			continue;
1583 		}
1584 		if ('a' > *cp || *cp > 'z' || cp[1] != '\0') {
1585 			warnx("line %d: unknown field: %s", lineno, cp);
1586 			errors++;
1587 			continue;
1588 		}
1589 
1590 		/* We have a partition entry */
1591 		part = *cp - 'a';
1592 
1593 		if (part >= MAXPARTITIONS) {
1594 			warnx("line %d: bad partition name: %s", lineno, cp);
1595 			errors++;
1596 			continue;
1597 		}
1598 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[part];
1599 
1600 		NXTXNUM(pp->p_size);
1601 		NXTXNUM(pp->p_offset);
1602 		/* can't use word() here because of blanks in fstypenames[] */
1603 		tp += strspn(tp, " \t");
1604 		_CHECKLINE
1605 		cp = tp;
1606 		cpp = fstypenames;
1607 		for (; cpp < &fstypenames[FSMAXTYPES]; cpp++) {
1608 			s = *cpp;
1609 			if (s == NULL ||
1610 				(cp[strlen(s)] != ' ' &&
1611 				 cp[strlen(s)] != '\t' &&
1612 				 cp[strlen(s)] != '\0'))
1613 				continue;
1614 			if (!memcmp(s, cp, strlen(s))) {
1615 				pp->p_fstype = cpp - fstypenames;
1616 				tp += strlen(s);
1617 				if (*tp == '\0')
1618 					tp = NULL;
1619 				else {
1620 					tp += strspn(tp, " \t");
1621 					if (*tp == '\0')
1622 						tp = NULL;
1623 				}
1624 				goto gottype;
1625 			}
1626 		}
1627 		tp = word(cp);
1628 		if (isdigit(*cp & 0xff)) {
1629 			if (GETNUM8(cp, &v) != 0) {
1630 				warnx("line %d: syntax error", lineno);
1631 				errors++;
1632 			}
1633 		} else
1634 			v = FSMAXTYPES;
1635 		if ((unsigned)v >= FSMAXTYPES) {
1636 			warnx("line %d: warning, unknown file system type: %s",
1637 			    lineno, cp);
1638 			warnx("tip: use -l to see all valid file system "
1639 			    "types");
1640 			v = FS_UNUSED;
1641 		}
1642 		pp->p_fstype = v;
1643 gottype:
1644 		switch (pp->p_fstype) {
1645 
1646 		case FS_UNUSED:				/* XXX */
1647 			NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
1648 			if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
1649 				break;
1650 			NXTNUM(v);
1651 			pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
1652 			break;
1653 
1654 		case FS_BSDFFS:
1655 		case FS_ADOS:
1656 		case FS_APPLEUFS:
1657 			NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
1658 			if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
1659 				break;
1660 			NXTNUM(v);
1661 			pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
1662 			NXTNUM(pp->p_cpg);
1663 			break;
1664 		case FS_BSDLFS:
1665 			NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
1666 			if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
1667 				break;
1668 			NXTNUM(v);
1669 			pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
1670 			NXTNUM(pp->p_sgs);
1671 			break;
1672 		case FS_EX2FS:
1673 			NXTNUM(pp->p_fsize);
1674 			if (pp->p_fsize == 0)
1675 				break;
1676 			NXTNUM(v);
1677 			pp->p_frag = v / pp->p_fsize;
1678 			break;
1679 		case FS_ISO9660:
1680 			NXTNUM(pp->p_cdsession);
1681 			break;
1682 		default:
1683 			break;
1684 		}
1685 		continue;
1686  error:
1687 		errors++;
1688  next:
1689 		;
1690 	}
1691 	errors += checklabel(lp);
1692 	return (errors == 0);
1693 }
1694 
1695 /*
1696  * Check disklabel for errors and fill in
1697  * derived fields according to supplied values.
1698  */
1699 int
1700 checklabel(struct disklabel *lp)
1701 {
1702 	struct partition *pp, *qp;
1703 	int	i, j, errors;
1704 	char	part;
1705 
1706 	errors = 0;
1707 	if (lp->d_secsize == 0) {
1708 		warnx("sector size %d", lp->d_secsize);
1709 		return (1);
1710 	}
1711 	if (lp->d_nsectors == 0) {
1712 		warnx("sectors/track %d", lp->d_nsectors);
1713 		return (1);
1714 	}
1715 	if (lp->d_ntracks == 0) {
1716 		warnx("tracks/cylinder %d", lp->d_ntracks);
1717 		return (1);
1718 	}
1719 	if  (lp->d_ncylinders == 0) {
1720 		warnx("cylinders/unit %d", lp->d_ncylinders);
1721 		errors++;
1722 	}
1723 	if (lp->d_rpm == 0)
1724 		warnx("warning, revolutions/minute %d", lp->d_rpm);
1725 	if (lp->d_secpercyl == 0)
1726 		lp->d_secpercyl = lp->d_nsectors * lp->d_ntracks;
1727 	if (lp->d_secperunit == 0)
1728 		lp->d_secperunit = lp->d_secpercyl * lp->d_ncylinders;
1729 	if (lp->d_bbsize == 0) {
1730 		warnx("boot block size %d", lp->d_bbsize);
1731 		errors++;
1732 	} else if (lp->d_bbsize % lp->d_secsize)
1733 		warnx("warning, boot block size %% sector-size != 0");
1734 	if (lp->d_sbsize == 0) {
1735 		warnx("super block size %d", lp->d_sbsize);
1736 		errors++;
1737 	} else if (lp->d_sbsize % lp->d_secsize)
1738 		warnx("warning, super block size %% sector-size != 0");
1739 	if (lp->d_npartitions > MAXPARTITIONS)
1740 		warnx("warning, number of partitions (%d) > MAXPARTITIONS (%d)",
1741 		    lp->d_npartitions, MAXPARTITIONS);
1742 	else
1743 		for (i = MAXPARTITIONS - 1; i >= lp->d_npartitions; i--) {
1744 			part = 'a' + i;
1745 			pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1746 			if (pp->p_size || pp->p_offset) {
1747 				warnx("warning, partition %c increased "
1748 				    "number of partitions from %d to %d",
1749 				    part, lp->d_npartitions, i + 1);
1750 				lp->d_npartitions = i + 1;
1751 				break;
1752 			}
1753 		}
1754 	for (i = 0; i < lp->d_npartitions; i++) {
1755 		part = 'a' + i;
1756 		pp = &lp->d_partitions[i];
1757 		if (pp->p_size == 0 && pp->p_offset != 0)
1758 			warnx("warning, partition %c: size 0, but offset %d",
1759 			    part, pp->p_offset);
1760 #ifdef STRICT_CYLINDER_ALIGNMENT
1761 		if (pp->p_offset % lp->d_secpercyl) {
1762 			warnx("warning, partition %c:"
1763 			    " not starting on cylinder boundary",
1764 			    part);
1765 			errors++;
1766 		}
1767 #endif	/* STRICT_CYLINDER_ALIGNMENT */
1768 		if (pp->p_offset > lp->d_secperunit) {
1769 			warnx("partition %c: offset past end of unit", part);
1770 			errors++;
1771 		}
1772 		if (pp->p_offset + pp->p_size > lp->d_secperunit) {
1773 			warnx("partition %c: partition extends"
1774 			    " past end of unit",
1775 			    part);
1776 			errors++;
1777 		}
1778 		if (pp->p_fstype != FS_UNUSED)
1779 			for (j = i + 1; j < lp->d_npartitions; j++) {
1780 				qp = &lp->d_partitions[j];
1781 				if (qp->p_fstype == FS_UNUSED)
1782 					continue;
1783 				if (pp->p_offset < qp->p_offset + qp->p_size &&
1784 				    qp->p_offset < pp->p_offset + pp->p_size)
1785 					warnx("partitions %c and %c overlap",
1786 					    part, 'a' + j);
1787 			}
1788 	}
1789 	return (errors);
1790 }
1791 
1792 static void
1793 usage(void)
1794 {
1795 	static const struct {
1796 		const char *name;
1797 		const char *expn;
1798 	} usages[] = {
1799 	{ "[-ACFrtv] disk", "(to read label)" },
1800 	{ "-w [-DFrv] [-f disktab] disk disktype [packid]", "(to write label)" },
1801 	{ "-e [-CDFIrv] disk", "(to edit label)" },
1802 	{ "-i [-DFIrv] disk", "(to create a label interactively)" },
1803 	{ "-D [-v] disk", "(to delete existing label(s))" },
1804 	{ "-R [-DFrv] disk protofile", "(to restore label)" },
1805 	{ "[-NW] disk", "(to write disable/enable label)" },
1806 	{ "-l", "(to show all known file system types)" },
1807 	{ NULL, NULL }
1808 	};
1809 	int i;
1810 	const char *pn = getprogname();
1811 	const char *t = "usage:";
1812 
1813 	for (i = 0; usages[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1814 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s %s %s\n\t%s\n",
1815 		    t, pn, usages[i].name, usages[i].expn);
1816 		t = "or";
1817 	}
1818 	exit(1);
1819 }
1820 
1821 static int
1822 getulong(const char *str, char sep, char **epp, unsigned long *ul,
1823     unsigned long max)
1824 {
1825 	char *ep;
1826 
1827 	if (epp == NULL)
1828 		epp = &ep;
1829 
1830 	*ul = strtoul(str, epp, 10);
1831 
1832 	if ((*ul ==  ULONG_MAX && errno == ERANGE) || *ul > max)
1833 		return ERANGE;
1834 
1835 	if (*str == '\0' || (**epp != '\0' && **epp != sep &&
1836 	    !isspace((unsigned char)**epp)))
1837 		return EFTYPE;
1838 
1839 	return 0;
1840 }
1841 
1842 /*
1843  * This is a wrapper over the standard strcmp function to be used with
1844  * qsort on an array of pointers to strings.
1845  */
1846 static int
1847 qsort_strcmp(const void *v1, const void *v2)
1848 {
1849 	const char *const *sp1 = (const char *const *)v1;
1850 	const char *const *sp2 = (const char *const *)v2;
1851 
1852 	return strcmp(*sp1, *sp2);
1853 }
1854 
1855 /*
1856  * Prints all know file system types for a partition.
1857  * Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
1858  */
1859 int
1860 list_fs_types(void)
1861 {
1862 	int ret;
1863 	size_t nelems;
1864 
1865 	nelems = 0;
1866 	{
1867 		const char *const *namep;
1868 
1869 		namep = fstypenames;
1870 		while (*namep++ != NULL)
1871 			nelems++;
1872 	}
1873 
1874 	ret = 1;
1875 	if (nelems > 0) {
1876 		const char **list;
1877 		size_t i;
1878 
1879 		list = (const char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * nelems);
1880 		if (list == NULL) {
1881 			warnx("sorry, could not allocate memory for list");
1882 			ret = 0;
1883 		} else {
1884 			for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++)
1885 				list[i] = fstypenames[i];
1886 
1887 			qsort(list, nelems, sizeof(char *), qsort_strcmp);
1888 
1889 			for (i = 0; i < nelems; i++)
1890 				(void)printf("%s\n", list[i]);
1891 
1892 			free(list);
1893 		}
1894 	}
1895 
1896 	return ret;
1897 }
1898