xref: /netbsd-src/lib/libutil/passwd.c (revision ce099b40997c43048fb78bd578195f81d2456523)
1 /*	$NetBSD: passwd.c,v 1.45 2006/12/20 16:47:13 christos Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
34 __RCSID("$NetBSD: passwd.c,v 1.45 2006/12/20 16:47:13 christos Exp $");
35 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
36 
37 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/param.h>
39 #include <sys/stat.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/resource.h>
42 #include <sys/wait.h>
43 
44 #include <assert.h>
45 #include <ctype.h>
46 #include <err.h>
47 #include <errno.h>
48 #include <fcntl.h>
49 #include <limits.h>
50 #include <paths.h>
51 #include <pwd.h>
52 #include <grp.h>
53 #include <signal.h>
54 #include <stdio.h>
55 #include <stdlib.h>
56 #include <string.h>
57 #include <unistd.h>
58 #include <util.h>
59 
60 static const char      *pw_filename(const char *filename);
61 static void		pw_cont(int sig);
62 static int		pw_equal(char *buf, struct passwd *old_pw);
63 static const char      *pw_default(const char *option);
64 static int		read_line(FILE *fp, char *line, int max);
65 static void		trim_whitespace(char *line);
66 
67 static	char	pw_prefix[MAXPATHLEN];
68 
69 const char *
70 pw_getprefix(void)
71 {
72 
73 	return(pw_prefix);
74 }
75 
76 int
77 pw_setprefix(const char *new_prefix)
78 {
79 	size_t length;
80 
81 	_DIAGASSERT(new_prefix != NULL);
82 
83 	length = strlen(new_prefix);
84 	if (length < sizeof(pw_prefix)) {
85 		(void)strcpy(pw_prefix, new_prefix);
86 		while (length > 0 && pw_prefix[length - 1] == '/')
87 			pw_prefix[--length] = '\0';
88 		return(0);
89 	}
90 	errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
91 	return(-1);
92 }
93 
94 static const char *
95 pw_filename(const char *filename)
96 {
97 	static char newfilename[MAXPATHLEN];
98 
99 	_DIAGASSERT(filename != NULL);
100 
101 	if (pw_prefix[0] == '\0')
102 		return filename;
103 
104 	if (strlen(pw_prefix) + strlen(filename) < sizeof(newfilename))
105 		return strcat(strcpy(newfilename, pw_prefix), filename);
106 
107 	errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
108 	return(NULL);
109 }
110 
111 int
112 pw_lock(int retries)
113 {
114 	const char *filename;
115 	int i, fd;
116 	mode_t old_mode;
117 	int oerrno;
118 
119 	/* Acquire the lock file. */
120 	filename = pw_filename(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD_LOCK);
121 	if (filename == NULL)
122 		return(-1);
123 	old_mode = umask(0);
124 	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600);
125 	for (i = 0; i < retries && fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST; i++) {
126 		sleep(1);
127 		fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL,
128 			  0600);
129 	}
130 	oerrno = errno;
131 	(void)umask(old_mode);
132 	errno = oerrno;
133 	return(fd);
134 }
135 
136 int
137 pw_mkdb(username, secureonly)
138 	const char *username;
139 	int secureonly;
140 {
141 	const char *args[9];
142 	int pstat, i;
143 	pid_t pid;
144 
145 	pid = vfork();
146 	if (pid == -1)
147 		return (-1);
148 
149 	if (pid == 0) {
150 		args[0] = "pwd_mkdb";
151 		args[1] = "-d";
152 		args[2] = pw_prefix;
153 		args[3] = "-p";
154 		i = 4;
155 
156 		if (secureonly)
157 			args[i++] = "-s";
158 		if (username != NULL) {
159 			args[i++] = "-u";
160 			args[i++] = username;
161 		}
162 
163 		args[i++] = pw_filename(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD_LOCK);
164 		args[i] = NULL;
165 		execv(_PATH_PWD_MKDB, (char * const *)__UNCONST(args));
166 		_exit(1);
167 	}
168 	pid = waitpid(pid, &pstat, 0);
169 	if (pid == -1 || !WIFEXITED(pstat) || WEXITSTATUS(pstat) != 0)
170 		return(-1);
171 	return(0);
172 }
173 
174 int
175 pw_abort(void)
176 {
177 	const char *filename;
178 
179 	filename = pw_filename(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD_LOCK);
180 	return((filename == NULL) ? -1 : unlink(filename));
181 }
182 
183 /* Everything below this point is intended for the convenience of programs
184  * which allow a user to interactively edit the passwd file.  Errors in the
185  * routines below will cause the process to abort. */
186 
187 static pid_t editpid = -1;
188 
189 static void
190 pw_cont(int sig)
191 {
192 
193 	if (editpid != -1)
194 		kill(editpid, sig);
195 }
196 
197 void
198 pw_init(void)
199 {
200 	struct rlimit rlim;
201 
202 	/* Unlimited resource limits. */
203 	rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
204 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU, &rlim);
205 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_FSIZE, &rlim);
206 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim);
207 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_DATA, &rlim);
208 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_RSS, &rlim);
209 
210 	/* Don't drop core (not really necessary, but GP's). */
211 	rlim.rlim_cur = rlim.rlim_max = 0;
212 	(void)setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
213 
214 	/* Turn off signals. */
215 	(void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
216 	(void)signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
217 	(void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
218 	(void)signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
219 	(void)signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
220 	(void)signal(SIGTERM, SIG_IGN);
221 	(void)signal(SIGCONT, pw_cont);
222 }
223 
224 void
225 pw_edit(int notsetuid, const char *filename)
226 {
227 	int pstat;
228 	char *p;
229 	const char * volatile editor;
230 	const char *argp[] = { "sh", "-c", NULL, NULL };
231 
232 	if (filename == NULL)
233 		filename = _PATH_MASTERPASSWD_LOCK;
234 
235 	filename = pw_filename(filename);
236 	if (filename == NULL)
237 		return;
238 
239 	if ((editor = getenv("EDITOR")) == NULL)
240 		editor = _PATH_VI;
241 
242 	p = malloc(strlen(editor) + 1 + strlen(filename) + 1);
243 	if (p == NULL)
244 		return;
245 
246 	sprintf(p, "%s %s", editor, filename);
247 	argp[2] = p;
248 
249 	switch(editpid = vfork()) {
250 	case -1:
251 		free(p);
252 		return;
253 	case 0:
254 		if (notsetuid) {
255 			setgid(getgid());
256 			setuid(getuid());
257 		}
258 		execvp(_PATH_BSHELL, (char *const *)__UNCONST(argp));
259 		_exit(1);
260 	}
261 
262 	free(p);
263 
264 	for (;;) {
265 		editpid = waitpid(editpid, (int *)&pstat, WUNTRACED);
266 		if (editpid == -1)
267 			pw_error(editor, 1, 1);
268 		else if (WIFSTOPPED(pstat))
269 			raise(WSTOPSIG(pstat));
270 		else if (WIFEXITED(pstat) && WEXITSTATUS(pstat) == 0)
271 			break;
272 		else
273 			pw_error(editor, 1, 1);
274 	}
275 	editpid = -1;
276 }
277 
278 void
279 pw_prompt(void)
280 {
281 	int c;
282 
283 	(void)printf("re-edit the password file? [y]: ");
284 	(void)fflush(stdout);
285 	c = getchar();
286 	if (c != EOF && c != '\n')
287 		while (getchar() != '\n');
288 	if (c == 'n')
289 		pw_error(NULL, 0, 0);
290 }
291 
292 /* for use in pw_copy(). Compare a pw entry to a pw struct. */
293 static int
294 pw_equal(char *buf, struct passwd *pw)
295 {
296 	struct passwd buf_pw;
297 	size_t len;
298 
299 	_DIAGASSERT(buf != NULL);
300 	_DIAGASSERT(pw != NULL);
301 
302 	len = strlen (buf);
303 	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
304 		buf[len-1] = '\0';
305 	if (!pw_scan(buf, &buf_pw, NULL))
306 		return 0;
307 	return !strcmp(pw->pw_name, buf_pw.pw_name)
308 		&& pw->pw_uid == buf_pw.pw_uid
309 		&& pw->pw_gid == buf_pw.pw_gid
310 		&& !strcmp(pw->pw_class, buf_pw.pw_class)
311 		&& (long)pw->pw_change == (long)buf_pw.pw_change
312 		&& (long)pw->pw_expire == (long)buf_pw.pw_expire
313 		&& !strcmp(pw->pw_gecos, buf_pw.pw_gecos)
314 		&& !strcmp(pw->pw_dir, buf_pw.pw_dir)
315 		&& !strcmp(pw->pw_shell, buf_pw.pw_shell);
316 }
317 
318 void
319 pw_copy(int ffd, int tfd, struct passwd *pw, struct passwd *old_pw)
320 {
321 	char errbuf[200];
322 	int rv;
323 
324 	rv = pw_copyx(ffd, tfd, pw, old_pw, errbuf, sizeof(errbuf));
325 	if (rv == 0) {
326 		warnx("%s", errbuf);
327 		pw_error(NULL, 0, 1);
328 	}
329 }
330 
331 int
332 pw_copyx(int ffd, int tfd, struct passwd *pw, struct passwd *old_pw,
333     char *errbuf, size_t errbufsz)
334 {
335 	const char *filename;
336 	char mpwd[MAXPATHLEN], mpwdl[MAXPATHLEN], *p, buf[8192];
337 	FILE *from, *to;
338 	int done;
339 
340 	_DIAGASSERT(pw != NULL);
341 	_DIAGASSERT(errbuf != NULL);
342 	/* old_pw may be NULL */
343 
344 	if ((filename = pw_filename(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD)) == NULL) {
345 		snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: %s", pw_prefix,
346 		    strerror(errno));
347 		return (0);
348 	}
349 	(void)strcpy(mpwd, filename);
350 	if ((filename = pw_filename(_PATH_MASTERPASSWD_LOCK)) == NULL) {
351 		snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: %s", pw_prefix,
352 		    strerror(errno));
353 		return (0);
354 	}
355 	(void)strcpy(mpwdl, filename);
356 
357 	if (!(from = fdopen(ffd, "r"))) {
358 		snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: %s", mpwd, strerror(errno));
359 		return (0);
360 	}
361 	if (!(to = fdopen(tfd, "w"))) {
362 		snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: %s", mpwdl, strerror(errno));
363 		(void)fclose(from);
364 		return (0);
365 	}
366 
367 	for (done = 0; fgets(buf, (int)sizeof(buf), from);) {
368 		if (!strchr(buf, '\n')) {
369 			snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: line too long", mpwd);
370 			(void)fclose(from);
371 			(void)fclose(to);
372 			return (0);
373 		}
374 		if (done) {
375 			(void)fprintf(to, "%s", buf);
376 			if (ferror(to)) {
377 				snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s",
378 				    strerror(errno));
379 				(void)fclose(from);
380 				(void)fclose(to);
381 				return (0);
382 			}
383 			continue;
384 		}
385 		if (!(p = strchr(buf, ':'))) {
386 			snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: corrupted entry", mpwd);
387 			(void)fclose(from);
388 			(void)fclose(to);
389 			return (0);
390 		}
391 		*p = '\0';
392 		if (strcmp(buf, pw->pw_name)) {
393 			*p = ':';
394 			(void)fprintf(to, "%s", buf);
395 			if (ferror(to)) {
396 				snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s",
397 				    strerror(errno));
398 				(void)fclose(from);
399 				(void)fclose(to);
400 				return (0);
401 			}
402 			continue;
403 		}
404 		*p = ':';
405 		if (old_pw && !pw_equal(buf, old_pw)) {
406 			snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s: entry inconsistent",
407 			    mpwd);
408 			(void)fclose(from);
409 			(void)fclose(to);
410 			return (0);
411 		}
412 		(void)fprintf(to, "%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%ld:%ld:%s:%s:%s\n",
413 		    pw->pw_name, pw->pw_passwd, pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid,
414 		    pw->pw_class, (long)pw->pw_change, (long)pw->pw_expire,
415 		    pw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_dir, pw->pw_shell);
416 		done = 1;
417 		if (ferror(to)) {
418 			snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s", strerror(errno));
419 			(void)fclose(from);
420 			(void)fclose(to);
421 			return (0);
422 		}
423 	}
424 	/* Only append a new entry if real uid is root! */
425 	if (!done) {
426 		if (getuid() == 0) {
427 			(void)fprintf(to, "%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%ld:%ld:%s:%s:%s\n",
428 			    pw->pw_name, pw->pw_passwd, pw->pw_uid, pw->pw_gid,
429 			    pw->pw_class, (long)pw->pw_change,
430 			    (long)pw->pw_expire, pw->pw_gecos, pw->pw_dir,
431 			    pw->pw_shell);
432 			done = 1;
433 		} else {
434 			snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz,
435 			    "%s: changes not made, no such entry", mpwd);
436 		}
437 	}
438 
439 	if (ferror(to)) {
440 		snprintf(errbuf, errbufsz, "%s", strerror(errno));
441 		(void)fclose(from);
442 		(void)fclose(to);
443 		return (0);
444 	}
445 	(void)fclose(from);
446 	(void)fclose(to);
447 
448 	return (done);
449 }
450 
451 void
452 pw_error(const char *name, int error, int eval)
453 {
454 
455 	if (error) {
456 		if (name)
457 			warn("%s", name);
458 		else
459 			warn(NULL);
460 	}
461 
462 	warnx("%s%s: unchanged", pw_prefix, _PATH_MASTERPASSWD);
463 	pw_abort();
464 	exit(eval);
465 }
466 
467 /* Removes head and/or tail spaces. */
468 static void
469 trim_whitespace(char *line)
470 {
471 	char *p;
472 
473 	_DIAGASSERT(line != NULL);
474 
475 	/* Remove leading spaces */
476 	p = line;
477 	while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
478 		p++;
479 	memmove(line, p, strlen(p) + 1);
480 
481 	/* Remove trailing spaces */
482 	p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
483 	while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
484 		p--;
485 	*(p + 1) = '\0';
486 }
487 
488 
489 /* Get one line, remove spaces from front and tail */
490 static int
491 read_line(FILE *fp, char *line, int max)
492 {
493 	char   *p;
494 
495 	_DIAGASSERT(fp != NULL);
496 	_DIAGASSERT(line != NULL);
497 
498 	/* Read one line of config */
499 	if (fgets(line, max, fp) == NULL)
500 		return (0);
501 
502 	if ((p = strchr(line, '\n')) == NULL) {
503 		warnx("line too long");
504 		return (0);
505 	}
506 	*p = '\0';
507 
508 	/* Remove comments */
509 	if ((p = strchr(line, '#')) != NULL)
510 		*p = '\0';
511 
512 	trim_whitespace(line);
513 	return (1);
514 }
515 
516 static const char *
517 pw_default(const char *option)
518 {
519 	static const char *options[][2] = {
520 		{ "localcipher",	"old" },
521 		{ "ypcipher",		"old" },
522 	};
523 	int i;
524 
525 	_DIAGASSERT(option != NULL);
526 	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(options) / sizeof(options[0]); i++)
527 		if (strcmp(options[i][0], option) == 0)
528 			return (options[i][1]);
529 
530 	return (NULL);
531 }
532 
533 /*
534  * Retrieve password information from the /etc/passwd.conf file, at the
535  * moment this is only for choosing the cipher to use.  It could easily be
536  * used for other authentication methods as well.
537  */
538 void
539 pw_getconf(char *data, size_t max, const char *key, const char *option)
540 {
541 	FILE *fp;
542 	char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *p2;
543 	static char result[LINE_MAX];
544 	int got, found;
545 	const char *cp;
546 
547 	_DIAGASSERT(data != NULL);
548 	_DIAGASSERT(key != NULL);
549 	_DIAGASSERT(option != NULL);
550 
551 	got = 0;
552 	found = 0;
553 	result[0] = '\0';
554 
555 	if ((fp = fopen(_PATH_PASSWD_CONF, "r")) == NULL) {
556 		if ((cp = pw_default(option)) != NULL)
557 			strlcpy(data, cp, max);
558 		else
559 			data[0] = '\0';
560 		return;
561 	}
562 
563 	while (!found && (got || read_line(fp, line, LINE_MAX))) {
564 		got = 0;
565 
566 		if (strncmp(key, line, strlen(key)) != 0 ||
567 		    line[strlen(key)] != ':')
568 			continue;
569 
570 		/* Now we found our specified key */
571 		while (read_line(fp, line, LINE_MAX)) {
572 			/* Leaving key field */
573 			if (line[0] != '\0' && strchr(line + 1, ':') != NULL) {
574 				got = 1;
575 				break;
576 			}
577 			p2 = line;
578 			if ((p = strsep(&p2, "=")) == NULL || p2 == NULL)
579 				continue;
580 			trim_whitespace(p);
581 
582 			if (!strncmp(p, option, strlen(option))) {
583 				trim_whitespace(p2);
584 				strcpy(result, p2);
585 				found = 1;
586 				break;
587 			}
588 		}
589 	}
590 	fclose(fp);
591 
592 	if (!found)
593 		errno = ENOENT;
594 	if (!got)
595 		errno = ENOTDIR;
596 
597 	/*
598 	 * If we got no result and were looking for a default
599 	 * value, try hard coded defaults.
600 	 */
601 
602 	if (strlen(result) == 0 && strcmp(key, "default") == 0 &&
603 	    (cp = pw_default(option)) != NULL)
604 		strlcpy(data, cp, max);
605 	else
606 		strlcpy(data, result, max);
607 }
608 
609 void
610 pw_getpwconf(char *data, size_t max, const struct passwd *pwd,
611     const char *option)
612 {
613 	char grpkey[LINE_MAX];
614 	struct group grs, *grp;
615 	char grbuf[1024];
616 
617 	pw_getconf(data, max, pwd->pw_name, option);
618 
619 	/* Try to find an entry for the group */
620 	if (*data == '\0') {
621 		(void)getgrgid_r(pwd->pw_gid, &grs, grbuf, sizeof(grbuf), &grp);
622 		if (grp != NULL) {
623 			(void)snprintf(grpkey, sizeof(grpkey), ":%s",
624 			    grp->gr_name);
625 			pw_getconf(data, max, grpkey, option);
626 		}
627 		if (*data == '\0')
628 		        pw_getconf(data, max, "default", option);
629 	}
630 }
631